Republic of the Philippines
CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE
Calabanga | Pasacao | Pili | Sipocot
Sample
❖ Definitions
❖ Sampling Technique
❖ Sampling Methods
Objective:
At the end of this unit, the students should be able to identify
and explain sampling techniques.
DEFINITIONS
Sample
Is the group of people who take part in the
investigation. The people who take part are referred
to as “participants”.
Sampling Technique
Sampling is the process of selecting a
representative group from the population under study.
Before the collection of data, it is necessary to
determine the sample size if the population is very
large.
Sampling Technique
For instance, if a researcher wants to find the
average IQ of Filipino children aged 5 to 7 years in
the rural areas and he has only a few months to
spend for collecting data, sampling is allowed to
save time and money in the collection of data. To
compute the sample size, the Slovin’s formula is
used.
Sampling Technique
Where: n = sample size
N = number of cases
e = margin of error
Sampling Technique
Example: A researcher wants to know the average income of the
families living in the Barangay A which has 2,500 residents. Calculate
the sample size that the researcher will need if a 5% margin of error is
allowed.
Given: N = 2,500
e = 0.05
2,500
n= = 344.8 = 345 families
1+2,500(0.05)²
SAMPLING METHODS
Probability Methods
Method Best when
Simple random sampling Whole population is available.
Stratified sampling There are specific sub-groups to
(random within target investigate (eg. demographic
groups) groupings).
When a stream of representative
Systematic sampling
people are available (eg. in the
(every nth person)
street).
When population groups are
Cluster sampling
separated and access to all is
(all in limited groups)
difficult, eg. in many distant cities.
Quota Methods
Method Best when
Quota sampling (get only as You have access to a wide
many as you need) population, including sub-groups
You know the population
Proportionate quota
distribution across groups, and
sampling (in proportion to
when normal sampling may not
population sub-groups)
give enough in minority groups
Non-proportionate quota There is likely to a wide variation
sampling (minimum number in the studied characteristic within
from each sub-group) minority groups
Selective Methods
Method Best when
Purposive sampling
You are studying particular groups
(based on intent)
Expert sampling
You want expert opinion
(seeking 'experts')
Snowball sampling You seek similar subjects (eg.
(ask for recommendations) young drinkers)
When sought 'typical' opinion may get
Modal instance sampling
lost in a wider study, and when you are
(focus on 'typical' people)
able to identify the 'typical' group
You are specifically seeking
Diversity sampling (deliberately
differences, eg. to identify sub-
seeking variation)
groups or potential conflicts
Convenience Methods
Method Best when
Snowball sampling You are ethically and socially able
(ask for recommendations) to ask and seek similar subjects.
Convenience sampling You cannot proactively seek out
(use who's available) subjects.
Judgment sampling You are expert and there is no
(guess a good-enough sample) other choice.
Ethnographic Methods
Method Best when
Selective sampling Focus is needed in particular
(gut feel) group, location, subject, etc.
Theories are emerging and
Theoretical sampling
focused sampling may help clarify
(testing a theory)
these.
Convenience sampling You cannot proactively seek out
(use who's available) subjects.
Judgment sampling You are expert and there is no
(guess a good-enough sample) other choice.
Thank you!
Maricris dlP. Tapar
Instructor
