Roll No: 103120117

Name: Thilakkumar V
Date: 07.11.2021
________________________________________________________________________________
_
Experiment 9a: Test on Closed Coil Spring

AIM:
To conduct test on the given spring and to determine the rigidity modulus and spring constant.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. Spring testing machine
2. Meter Scale
3. Vernier Caliper

FORMULA:

( )
3
8W D n
Modulus of rigidity = 4
d

Where,
W = Average load (kg)
D = Average diameter
n = Number of turns
d = Diameter of coil
 = Deflection (mm)

PROCEDURE:
 The length of the spring, the inner and outer diameter was noted.
 The spring is placed in the correct position.
 The least count of the dial gauge is noted.
 Load is applied and the deflection of the spring was noted down for every 10 kg.
 The deflection is measured from the scale attached to the machine and the same procedure is
repeated for each unloading.
 The spring constant and modulus of rigidity are calculated analytically.

OBSERVATIONS:
Number of turns (n) = 24
Diameter of coil (d) = 25 mm
Mean Diameter D = (D 1+ D 2
2 )= 200 mm

_________________________________________________________________________________
CELR11 Strength of Materials and Concrete Laboratory
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli.
Roll No: 103120117
Name: Thilakkumar V
Date: 07.11.2021
________________________________________________________________________________
_

Sl Modulus
Load Axial Deformation (cm) Spring
. of Rigidity
(W) Constant
n Unloadin (N)
(kgf) Loading Average (K) (N/mm)
o g (N/mm2)
1. 10 2.17 2.27 2.22 0.4505 1771.44

2. 20 4.21 4.31 4.26 0.4695 1846.15

3. 30 6.37 6.37 6.37 0.4710 1852.05

4. 40 8.41 8.41 8.41 0.4756 1870.14

5. 50 10.57 10.57 10.57 0.4730 1859.91

Mean 0.4679 1839.94

GRAPH:
The graph is plotted between load and deflection. Load is along Y-Axis and deflection along X-Axis.

Test on Closed Coil Spring

60

50

40
Load (W) in kgf

30

20

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Deflection (mm)

_________________________________________________________________________________
CELR11 Strength of Materials and Concrete Laboratory
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli.
Roll No: 103120117
Name: Thilakkumar V
Date: 07.11.2021
________________________________________________________________________________
_
CALCULATIONS:

( )
3
8W D n
Modulus of rigidity = 4
d

( )
3
8 x 10 x 200 x 24
i. 4 = 1771.44
25 x 22.2

( )
3
8 x 20 x 200 x 24
ii. 4 = 1846.15
25 x 42.6

( )
3
8 x 30 x 200 x 24
iii. 4 = 1852.05
25 x 63.7

( )
3
8 x 40 x 200 x 24
iv. 4 = 1870.14
25 x 84.1

( )
3
8 x 50 x 200 x 24
v. 4 = 1859.91
25 x 105.7

Mean = 1839.94 N/mm2

From Graph:
W
K= = 0.4702 N/mm
❑

( )
3 3
8D n W 8 x 200 x 24 (
N= = 0.4702 ) = 1848.90 N/mm2
d
4 ❑ 25
4

RESULT:
i. Spring Constant (k)
a) Analytically = 0.4679 N/mm
b) Graphically = 0.4702 N/mm

ii. Modulus of Rigidity (N)

_________________________________________________________________________________
CELR11 Strength of Materials and Concrete Laboratory
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli.
Roll No: 103120117
Name: Thilakkumar V
Date: 07.11.2021
________________________________________________________________________________
_
a) Analytically = 1839.94 N/mm2
b) Graphically = 1848.90 N/mm2

Experiment 9b: Test on Open Coil Spring

AIM:
To conduct test on the given spring and to determine the rigidity modulus and spring constant.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. Spring testing machine
2. Meter Scale
3. Vernier Caliper

FORMULA:

( )
3 2 2
8 W D n 2 sin α cos α
= 4
+
d cosα E G

( )
α = tan-1 2 πR
p

Where,
 = Deflection (mm)
W = Average load (kg)
D = Average diameter
n = Number of turns
d = Diameter of coil
p = Pitch (mm)
R = Radius of spring (mm)

PROCEDURE:
 The length of the spring, the inner and outer diameter was noted.
 The spring is placed in the correct position.
 The least count of the dial gauge is noted.
 Load is applied and the deflection of the spring was noted down for every 10 kg.
 The deflection is measured from the scale attached to the machine and the same procedure is
repeated for each unloading.
 The spring constant and modulus of rigidity are calculated analytically.
_________________________________________________________________________________
CELR11 Strength of Materials and Concrete Laboratory
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli.
Roll No: 103120117
Name: Thilakkumar V
Date: 07.11.2021
________________________________________________________________________________
_

_________________________________________________________________________________
CELR11 Strength of Materials and Concrete Laboratory
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli.
Roll No: 103120117
Name: Thilakkumar V
Date: 07.11.2021
________________________________________________________________________________
_
OBSERVATIONS:
Number of turns (n) = 5
Length of spring (L) = 164 mm
Diameter of coil (d) = 10.7 mm
Average Diameter D = 104.7 mm
Radius of spring (R) = D/2 = 52.35 mm
Pitch = L/n = 32.8 mm
E = 210 GPa

Sl Modulus
Load Axial Deformation (cm) Spring
. of Rigidity
(W) Constant
n Unloadin (G)
(kgf) Loading Average (K) (N/mm)
o g (N/mm2)
1. 20 0.87 0.77 0.82 2.4390 8507.11

2. 40 1.21 1.31 1.26 3.1746 11075.44

3. 60 1.47 1.87 1.67 3.5928 12536.21

4. 80 2.11 2.11 2.11 3.7915 13230.24

5. 100 2.47 2.47 2.47 4.0486 14128.63

6. 120 2.71 2.71 2.71 4.4280 15453.80

Mean 3.5791 12488.57

_________________________________________________________________________________
CELR11 Strength of Materials and Concrete Laboratory
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli.
Roll No: 103120117
Name: Thilakkumar V
Date: 07.11.2021
________________________________________________________________________________
_
GRAPH:
The graph is plotted between load and deflection. Load is along Y-Axis and deflection along X-Axis.

Test on Open Coil Spring

140

120

100
Load (W) in kgf

80

60

40

20

0
5 10 15 20 25 30

Deflection (mm)

CALCULATIONS:
Given, p = 32.8 mm & R = 53.35 mm

(p) ( 32.8
α = tan-1 2 πR = tan-1 2 x π x 53.35 = 5.6946 rad )
( )
3 2 2
8 W D n 2 sin α cos α
= 4
+
d cosα E G

i. W = 20 kgf &  = 8.2 mm G = 8507.11 N/mm2

ii. W = 40 kgf &  = 12.6 mm G = 11075.44 N/mm2

iii. W = 60 kgf &  = 16.7 mm G = 12536.21 N/mm2

iv. W = 80 kgf &  = 21.1 mm G = 13230.24 N/mm2

_________________________________________________________________________________
CELR11 Strength of Materials and Concrete Laboratory
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli.
Roll No: 103120117
Name: Thilakkumar V
Date: 07.11.2021
________________________________________________________________________________
_
v. W = 100 kgf &  = 24.7 mm G = 14128.63 N/mm2

vi. W = 120 kgf &  = 27.1 mm G = 15453.80 N/mm2

Mean = 12488.57 N/mm2

From Graph:
W
K= = 3.6921 N/mm
❑
Modulus of Rigidity from graph = 12883.07 N/mm2

RESULT:
1. Spring Constant (k)
a) Analytically = 3.5791 N/mm
b) Graphically = 3.6921 N/mm

2. Modulus of Rigidity (G)

a) Analytically = 12488.57 N/mm2
b) Graphically = 12883.07 N/mm2

_________________________________________________________________________________
CELR11 Strength of Materials and Concrete Laboratory
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli.