Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics
MAM1021S
Tutorial 8 September 2024
Mappings and Matrices
1. (a) A point in R2 is first reflected in the x-axis and then rotated counter-clockwise
through π3 radians about the origin. Find the function f : R2 → R2 which
describes this mapping.
(b) Now find a function g : R2 → R2 that describes the mapping we get by first
rotating a point counter-clockwise through π3 radians about the origin and then
reflecting in the x-axis.
(c) Is f = g? Give a reason for your answer.
2. Which of the following are linear maps? Give reasons for your answers.
2 2 x1 x1 + 3x2
(a) f : R → R defined by f =
x2 x2 − x1 + 1
x1
3 2 3x2 − x3
(b) f : R → R defined by f x2 =
x2 − 5x1
x3
7x2
x1
(c) f : R2 → R3 defined by f = x1 + x2
x2
x2 2
3. Let f : R2 → R2 be the function defined by f (x, y) = (x − y, y) for all (x, y) ∈ R2 .
(a) Find a matrix that represents f .
(b) What is the image under f of the horizontal line y = 2? (In other words, what
does f “do” to the line y = 2? Take an arbitrary point on this line and apply f
to it and see what sort of answer you get.)
(c) What is the image under f of the vertical line x = 2?
(d) Are any points left unchanged when you apply f to them?
(e) What is the image under f of the square with vertices (0, 0), (2, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)?
(f) Find the image under f of the line y = x − 4.
4. Consider the matrices
1
2 −3 4 3 1 0 3
P = , Q= , R= , S = 0 , T = 1 2 0 .
1 4 −1 2 0 1 4
1
Calculate each of the following matrices, if they are defined. If they are not defined,
say why.
1
(a) P − Q and Q − P (e) RT
(b) P − R and R − P (f) RS
(c) P Q and QP (g) ST
(d) P R and RP (h) T S
5. In this question, we work through
√ the steps needed to find the matrix which represents
a projection onto the line y = 3x.
(a) We start with a clockwise rotation onto the x-axis. What rotation matrix would
transform the given line onto the x-axis? Write down this matrix.
(b) Next, we use a projection onto the x-axis. Write down the matrix representing
this projection.
(c) Finally, we use a counter-clockwise rotation to rotate everything until the given
line is back where it started. Write down the matrix representing this rotation.
(d) The product of these three matrices has the effect of projecting perpendicularly
onto the given line. Remember that these matrices represent linear functions,
and so we must be careful about in which order we compose them. Make sure
you write down the product of the three matrices in the correct order, and then
compute the product.
(e) To which points are the points (1, 0), (0, 1) and (2, 2) sent by this matrix?
6. The following 3 × 4 matrix M shows the number (in thousands) of four different kinds
of calculators (Easy-start, Scientific, Business, Graphical) produced by a factory in
2000, 2001 and 2002.
8 30 35 10
M = 9 40 32 12
10 35 30 14
(a) Calculate the product (1 1 1)M . What does this answer mean?
(b) Calculate (0 − 1 1)M . What does this answer mean?
1
1
(c) Calculate M
1. What does this answer mean?
1
(d) Can you calculate (1 1 1 1)M and explain what it means?
(e) Calculate 10M and suggest a meaning for it.
50
1000
(f) Calculate M
1200 and suggest a meaning for it.
2000
2
(g) Calculate (400 800 1000)M1 , where M1 is the first column of M . What does
this answer mean?
1
1
(h) Calculate (1 1 1)M
1 and explain what it means.
