Emerging Tech

Question Answer

Systematic process for building software

Ensures quality and correctness

What is the Software Development Life

Produces high-quality software meeting
Cycle (SDLC)?
customer expectations

Detailed plan for planning, building, and

maintaining software

Requirement collection and analysis

Conducted by senior team members

Inputs from stakeholders and domain

experts
What happens during Phase 1 of the SDLC?

Planning for quality assurance and risk

recognition

Clarifies project scope and anticipated

issues

Define and document software needs

What is the purpose of the Feasibility Study
in Phase 2? Uses Software Requirement Specification
(SRS) document

Design

What is created in Phase 3 of the SDLC? System and software design documents

Defines overall system architecture

What occurs during Phase 4 of the SDLC? Coding

Coding the entire system

Emerging Tech 1
 Developers write code using chosen
programming language

Testing

What is the focus of Phase 5 in the SDLC?

Verifying the
application meets customer requirements

Installation and Deployment

What happens in Phase 6 of the SDLC?
Released and checked for deployment

Maintenance
Bug fixing
What does Phase 7 of the SDLC involve?
Upgrades
Enhancements

First SDLC methodology

Phases: Requirement Analysis, Planning,

Architectural Design, Software
Development, Testing, Deployment,
What is the Waterfall Model?
Maintenance

Linear-sequential model

Changes are slow and expensive

No overlapping phases

Changes are slow and expensive

What are the limitations of the Waterfall
Model? No feedback during design and
development

Can lead to unnecessary features

Adds new features in increments

Divides software requirements into modules

What is the Incremental Model?

Regular releases representing increments in

functionality and quality

Emerging Tech 2
 Focus on Validation and Verification

Verification Phases: Requirements and

designs
How does the V-Shape Model work?
Validation Phases: Testing and user
acceptance

Linked by the Implementation phase

Individuals and interactions over processes

and tools

Working software over comprehensive

What are the core values of Agile documentation
methodology?
Customer collaboration over contract
negotiation

Responding to change over following a plan

Defines product vision

Owns product requirements

What is the role of a Product Owner in Agile?

Works with development team to document
User Stories

Maintains backlog of User Stories

Ensures adherence to Agile principles and

processes
What does a Scrum Master do in Agile?

Similar to a project manager

What are the advantages of Agile Tailors software to customer demands

methodology?
Faster deployment and regular
improvements

Better code hygiene

Flexible and adaptable process

Emerging Tech 3
 Room for organizational learning

Transparency and communication

Meta-model evaluating risk profile

Blends aspects of Iterative and Waterfall

What is the Spiral Model? models

Incremental releases with prototypes in

early iterations

Creates low-fidelity prototypes for early

feedback

What is the Prototyping Model?

Prototypes evolve into final requirements

Outdated and no longer in active use

repeated cycles or iterations

Early precursor to Agile

Major requirements are known initially

What is the Iterative Model?

Quick and cheap first version

Additional iterations based on new

requirements

Kanban: Continuous flow, no fixed roles,

focuses on cycle time
What distinguishes Kanban from Scrum?
Scrum: Fixed-length Sprints, role-focused,
measures velocity

Visual representation of tasks

Limiting Work In Progress (WIP)

How does Kanban support Agile practices?
Focus on cycle time

Uses "just-in-time" principles

Emerging Tech 4
 Trello
Jira
What are some popular Kanban productivity
Proofhub
apps?
Zoho Projects
ZenHubs

Communication
Simplicity
Feedback
What are key features of Extreme
Pair programming
Programming (XP)?
Unit and functional testing
Continuous communication with
stakeholders

Increase speed and decrease cost of

development

Eliminate waste
What is the goal of Lean methodology?

Focus on what’s important

Optimize entire project

Eliminating waste in cost, scope, and

scheduling

Amplifying learning

Making decisions as late as possible

What are some principles of Lean?

Fast delivery

Empowering the team

Building integrity

What is DevOps? Combines software development and IT

operations

Aims for shortened development cycle and

high software quality

Complementary to Agile

Emerging Tech 5
 Uses Continuous Delivery (CD) for frequent
releases

Around 2008
When did the DevOps movement start?
Motivated by the need for rapid changes
and cross-functional collaboration

Self-sufficient teams

Automated deployment process

Continuous Integration / Continuous

What are some advantages of DevOps?
Delivery (CI/CD)

Time savings on deployment

Integrated feedback loops

Ensures frequent releases

What role does Continuous Delivery (CD)
play in DevOps? Maintains a well-tested, high-quality
codebase

Making more with less

Eliminating waste

What is the focus of the Lean methodology?

Focusing on current priorities

Supporting Agile with "just-in-time"

principles

Phases are linear and sequential

What is a key characteristic of the Waterfall Each phase must be completed before the
Model? next one begins

No overlapping or iterative processes

How does the Incremental Model handle Features are developed and added
feature development? incrementally

Emerging Tech 6
 Each increment builds upon previously
delivered functionality

Regular releases with enhanced

functionality

Validation and Verification

What is the primary focus of the V-Shape
Model? Ensures that each development phase has a
corresponding testing phase

Embraces change even late in development

Regular feedback loops allow for

How does Agile handle project changes?
adjustments

Focus on continuous improvement

Instant code review and defect identification

What is a key benefit of Pair Programming in Encourages knowledge sharing and

Extreme Programming (XP)? mentorship

Higher-quality code with fewer defects

Make decisions as late as possible

What does Lean methodology emphasize
about decision-making? Allows for more informed and flexible
choices

Limits the amount of work in progress at any

time
How does Kanban manage work in progress
(WIP)?
Uses visual signals to manage flow and
ensure efficiency

Risk assessment at each iteration

Combining elements from Iterative and

What does the Spiral Model emphasize in its
Waterfall models
process?

Incremental development with frequent

reviews

Emerging Tech 7
 Shorten the development lifecycle

What is the main goal of DevOps?

Achieve continuous delivery with high
quality

Focus on eliminating waste

What aspect of Lean is crucial for optimizing
the project? Streamline processes and reduce
unnecessary activities

Incremental Model builds software in phases

with regular updates
What distinguishes the Incremental Model
from the Waterfall Model? The Waterfall Model follows a linear,
sequential approach with no overlapping
phases

To gather early feedback through low-

fidelity prototypes
What is the purpose of the Prototyping
Model?
Evolve prototypes into final software
requirements

Emphasizes working software over

comprehensive documentation
How does the Agile methodology approach
documentation?
Focuses on delivering functional software
with minimal documentation

Facilitates the Agile process

What is the role of a Scrum Master in Agile? Ensures the team adheres to Agile principles

Helps remove obstacles to progress

visualizing workflow

Aims to eliminate waste in cost, scope, and

How does the Lean methodology approach
scheduling
waste?

Focuses on reducing unnecessary activities

and improving efficiency

What is a key feature of the Spiral Model's Utilizes iterative cycles with risk assessment
approach to development? at each iteration

Emerging Tech 8
 Adapts development based on the project's
risk profile

Manages tasks based on current demand

What is the significance of the "just-in-time"
principles in Kanban? Reduces excess inventory and optimizes
workflow

Emphasizes unit and functional testing

What is the focus of Extreme Programming
(XP) regarding code quality?
Aims for high-quality, well-tested code

Agile incorporates regular customer

feedback throughout the development
What differentiates Agile from the Waterfall process
Model in terms of customer feedback?
Waterfall typically lacks iterative feedback,
leading to slow adjustments

Integrate code changes frequently

What is the primary objective of Continuous
Integration in DevOps? Ensure that the software is always in a
deployable state

Continuous collaboration

What is the Scrum framework primarily Frequent deliveries

known for?
Development cycles called '
Sprints'

What is the purpose of Planning meetings in

Identify and discuss Sprint priorities
Scrum?

Review backlog of user stories

What happens during Commitment meetings
in Scrum? Determine effort and work capacity for the
upcoming Sprint

Ensure team alignment

What is the goal of Daily standup meetings
in Scrum? Communicate updates on story status,
blockers, or concerns

Emerging Tech 9
 What occurs in Demo meetings at the end of Show implemented functionalities to the
each Sprint? Product Owner

Discuss lessons learned

What is the focus of Retrospective meetings
in Scrum? Review what went well and what needs
improvement

Manage and improve processes

What role does the Scrum Master play in
Help team adhere to Agile values
Scrum?
Focus on maximizing productivity

Starts from nothing

What is the Big Bang Model in SDLC known

Requires minimal planning
for?

Combines time, effort, and resources to

build a product

What is a characteristic of the Big Bang

Requires almost no planning
Model regarding planning?

Small projects
When is the Big Bang Model most suitable? Learning or experimental projects
Changing or unclear requirements

Integrate individual modules

What are the steps involved in the Design
Test each module separately
phase of the Big Bang Model?
Identify and address errors

Highly risky and uncertain

What is a major disadvantage of the Big Poor for large projects
Bang Model? Might be expensive if requirements are
unclear

No planning required
What is a key advantage of the Big Bang Suitable for small projects
Model? Few resources needed
Easy to implement

For large projects

When should the Big Bang Model be
Ongoing projects with evolving requirements
avoided?
When detailed planning is required

What does the Big Bang Model lack that Proper planning
makes it unsuitable for large projects? Structured approach

Emerging Tech 10
 What is a benefit of the Big Bang Model for
Develops skills of newcomers
newcomers?

Requirements are implemented as they

How does the Big Bang Model handle arrive
requirements? Final product might not meet actual
requirements

What is a drawback of the Big Bang Model Poor model due to lack of planning and
for ongoing projects? structure

What aspect of the Big Bang Model provides

Provides a quick prototype overview
a quick overview of the product?

What is a key feature of the Big Bang Model allows merging of newer technologies to see
in terms of technology? changes and adaptability

Requirements may be unclear or constantly

What is the primary challenge with the Big
changing
Bang Model in terms of project
requirements?
End product might not fully meet the initial
or evolving requirements

Requires significant resources for coding

How does the Big Bang Model impact and development
resource management?
Few resources are needed for planning

What role does the Scrum Master play in Ensures that process and progress are
ensuring process transparency? transparent to all stakeholders

Why might the Big Bang Model be High risk and uncertainty
considered unsuitable for large projects? Lack of structured planning

Integrate and test modules as they are

developed
How does the Big Bang Model handle
integration and testing of modules?
Errors are identified and corrected in
individual modules

When no strict delivery date is required

In what scenario is the Big Bang Model
especially useful? For projects where requirements are rapidly
evolving

What are the typical deliverables in the Incremental functional features at the end of
Scrum framework? each Sprint

Emerging Tech 11
 Demonstrations of completed work in Demo
meetings

Structured planning and detailed

What does the Big Bang Model typically lack
requirements
in terms of project management?
Comprehensive project management

Through Daily standup meetings

How does the Scrum framework support
team alignment? Ensures that team members are updated on
status and blockers

Suitable for learning, experimental, or small-

What is a key consideration for using the Big scale projects
Bang Model effectively?
Requires flexibility and tolerance for risk

Emerging Tech 12