4 Network Layer ‘Silabus ‘noatusiontfreng onrning Mevr Sri ma, Pa ond sgan t ‘Set Pn org einer ow in a | Dee oe ‘ar Seman 6 Summer Wine, er 4% Somme, beer nee Doe sme, wie 29638, Summer B48 167, eer set ap, naa Sommer3 168 38% Sumner, Summers See, Wie, ee Minn 24498 961810 Summer s4s5iK07, Semen 16KEK Function of Network Layer = The bade ft of neta ner i fo provide an endénend comico ‘Spey ote tarpon njer whch Is atone Newer er bt lone iter deal theo tare 1 To achere the go be netvork yer mut now to he topo of he rman st. ofl eter and cme app ah igh {CNet Ler a esto ling th chon sc 4 The eorork leer pet ae coed wh the change of paces of ‘nomatn bteen aap ayer na A pct ea prop of its at ices data be poe source ane etiton +The seri provid By te nto yer oh wari cal neo 4+ Te face canada By aye a ie fen evn. Futon ae ve atin wh ave aed cat by 2 per node pone Be ie + Te eer ae tons et tied ot yang ert erry Never ‘Seven Dus Unt (NSDU) forming Nooo Prd Daa Une (NPDU. The ‘ener oni al th omien nev fraying ot tone 1 eps ck whch MAC QMatia Accs Cana, be wigs manber Bat sch teas card rss wr de ch st ee he natn 2) mas roating of ata ough eer rm su destin 5) Viral at are st ne ge 1 eee lg eter ede in psa machine adres. 5) tks Inge phi sale so at il be ape by the eof (lw ovr of pcan ioton and congeton oan i once 7 We dermin he Quy Of Service (C05) prune ef se = EEA Network Layer Design issue Po cn cecil Das of tent layer i cn tet TSR PLEAD sn tt te TEER stor an Forward Pact Sing +g 21 sows te werk Ber tl od te amare rou (A) by ened ‘tars ned at a he Se comece yd supe Aon wih pct fo ed ral the ere, ei mm 4 The putt st tel a fay are 2 te cnn can be (ested They de pr ne frrdd te es i ln pth Sl ‘chr he Srtiaon hose 4 The ahve proms or bie la te nd fra pada Shing ~ ny Fa 421 Neon yr pote envonent EEE servcas Provided to the Transport Layer 1 Network yer _povide the srs tthe sport yer at the ews perimeter ere Tne jer mist i towing oes {Thee sh be ape of mete pao. 2 The mock donee abl! be nde avaible Yo the tarpon wh 2 ‘ii bering pat {The taepot layer soul be eda fom the mamber ype and topo Memes pot HEEL inplamentation of Comnectoness Service + Const aewotseri ao Snow a datagrams, dag 2 Sesto! besape whch ci suit information alow #1 be Tove tue OTE estnation TE TES RTE ett ie+ ch at ted epee The ner ae sey ap ge from he eee jer ad sen oo each em «Dagan sen alogis tpl stm ach pct cn the fl ‘corer and dian sve Each pct los let ne nc 1S sinutanand ey do ot says ae nar ey et eonted ao segunig td ow cil doe ce. og 422 show te Sages tnt og + Sipps te proces 2, Pinocee has be ‘moma topo ie ah oreo sen on He The taeort ae nde saw on fy in be Cer pres baer ear i noe eng AF he Seat te mao ape Mami se out ens han masini pte. So th rw ter uals epost or pac pee Ba 1) Roig tata ot & hay tte a 422 Oaugam sont tg = » * F 1 our put aad oe A ing pl Foe potea 1 Upon caren over ery etre an nel abl ling whee tend pct fr ah ob eat ach ong ile ety» pl cog of «dren and he tga oe oer A comet ith two oun LB and C. So every naming uit ut be tone oe fury, nen th etn some thet + tia outing be a set Ai shen fp AL ua A, pet 2a he ey foreign Ate ething chum ech pact ws ota to ter Carer 0 he reer A roag ie 1+ ct tha rar an en oe 1 When pace ach a twa eyed I ts ge fee a eto the LAN. The pate and 3 low the ane rae 1+ When pace cme a router A, fad or Ben te dsition Touts bce ttl an ny ohn reson 1+ Routing ae tour Ae tw gare wth Ine nse Pat 6 ts rout ae +The sim ht mig the landmines he route decison cae ‘he tng grin EAI implementation of Conecton-arionted Service + Committ namo ale Hnown a vu drut: Vial cut Ee cphne stom A rue whch Sn f 2 nil omnes it ‘Site Beves two sae Tae comecon hat el mot a Tan REA oat reé i : ; edie path etn ston. Th path ie genera hae by many oer 4 The prow completed re mai aes 1 aban pase 1 Dota ater pe 1i)Cometion ee, 1) abtohmen pase: Dang sting pf log cnmcton, th two me not ely age 4 sp 4 “cenaton tere thm ut ao ee ponte gully fw anew the fcrsecon After ths the sence of packezed ifomaten ae wend ‘itn btwn he nod Te oat delved fo te eve he 19 ata water pase: Dating hi pha poms fw cn ane conta sei, ‘he enor ancl src ae cre sue of pc and cmt alo pee ow contol serie eas 4 sow sie rm ting orerining with tn 1 conection ose: Wh Whe ne wih econ dow eral dul aon cn emiate the cet ni eu pace a 423 VE ew outa iy 23 har eon in il cl (Seg 423 on oe pee +t Hs ti cometon with HH I ember eft Cconrction deter t te ting fe forth scan cometon. Avidng conf fh a i why rots nd te ty 6 melas contacto Weer {i oash mute el Aso so ait ser erring cre term in fe Fy ee beter IEEE comparnon neon Vt i and Dana Subnet 11 Hy so wat eth cnmeton ty la coecon ent {ad et he set otal via Ta ed ow snd ow 1+ Hee he ene bce ugh router A can cay ings coecon 1 pee cc | pci ot Cee TREN LEON ap oe1 Gp ap a ol la 2. Dio: Ong in al re ne 2 phat gene 1 a ot of ya ga, 5 in ma a of te EE Forwarding Co - Fors fat the way 2 pack eer he noe agus estore ohare a tg le + Ferwentng neler ote rots lel aon of teeing dalam fom 68 inp nk nec fo te appropiate up ink nse + hen th et a ig nd te + Rtg tbe iis oly had of he ett eter 1 pron god ety {yp of ormarog techniques 1. Not hop vents ue meh, 2 Network pec ver at pee me 1) hp eras route method 1g 3 shows crc wih outing beer his etc Ti atid redeNS TEN A Routing (bot or # rr Ma tig tae witha ery fe ah sian | Connon of dawn 4 ole IP paces Rauing te an be tr aie wana | sate outing table combine ination etre manly. The admittor rier tata or ech dent th ibe ‘ynic routing ible ie psd psy by wing ane of he namie tig pote ch HP SPE BGP ‘The main fein f the etek Iyer is fo rote pats fom source 1 eeeaton To scp dt rue Brough he etre mut bo slated, {pneraly mor tan one i orb The con of ote spray bse sone periment ‘The singlet cri 9 chose skret ro rough te er Te shone! rot mean x route tat panes tong het namber of nodes ‘hr set ot on rn at abr of hope Fe pa A soxng tig i Jsigd Yo porn hie ak, The toutng goon 2 pat of tw er, ReNoL RIOT ane oem Propertes of routing sorta atin poprtin which are die ina ng lin ae Conca, pty, ob aby, aman, opnaiy an fice. 1, Concent snpity a seplntay. 2. Robt tn the ait Yo cope with chang nthe opal at al veto! seqing a best hor io be atone an stort hentia Serene Syn ica flit te gue Hat rn ‘hang caries sh cng Under ay anions nee at Seen perormace a may frou Oe eacange of it pct Detren ty sare and dacoumge he ectange betwen dite vie, Some ‘angie i ned ints es opi eng lc cn be lid i eel Wye, Hoed en harper cbs cated it ore Ope 1. Sate (nara) Routing Ah 2 Dyan apie) Rang Agee. {Late romadaptve) routing sgottime aa ing th event ply determine the ial ph. The rice ath te tes ded to te routing le andar Sd ar ger pod: Sn ting aie for seal ter S ot Domes camber ame or ge ‘The adap of wae voting Me by t raped guy fo aetenk sane. 2 Dymamle (Adapts) routing algerie Dymnierotag algetins change thi routing dcson if tre change in teply.tc: Eok rer eniosaty ch he netmrk ats by comme veh neh. Tas» cane i eter api eel roped tal he ‘eu sed oe he inom ard each ter compute hese pth he srtaon ‘The dacvannge of yma routing corey te roe, Toma RLeATOW Ae oa ee 2] 2FP ¢ ) owtng tes ‘ne he tig eon mae, ht nomatin be ne in rong le 30 tht erate ms owt fone » pct nv cet pact awihing outing te cntne exh ning ptt miner wh eugang pace eb nk ‘Sapo por wich te pct forward In Stam seeds oig tle ‘Slur io hop to whch ford he put, Dele sian no. EEED Acvantages and Diesvantages of Satie Routing ‘evanges 1 nal CPU/Mamary ret 5: Single o cone a mata 4 Sure nly deed oi Be eed 5. Banh ot ud orang etn pes Dixovaagee 1 Marl up of st er args 2 apt in of vi fr al eer 3. npc on lag eed Advantages and Diendvantagee of Dyeamie Routing arate 1 Soper cangue on ps eto 2 Wil drum hone» ier (rb rote ek ges dn 3. Ay ood blac en ipl ik Disdvantaget Tr Opn hse ven route th neigh 2 Routing pro pt dtr no tr CPU/RAM. The hls of te “at oe he nde fh ting pos ae te ewok dine BIT ta mie Om noe RE BY i racy mony =e Se eee Vic Snipa oma Ss (lean rar Sa Sees | Sues ee earl Sere Secu ot (eee eee Sree ass ae esS EEED besign Goats ting gti en heen mer of flowing dein gl 1. Optimality 2. Silly allow read 4 epi omer 5 Ray 1. optinaty peyote ote ay ft outing agen ake he et routs The ost ou depends onthe mate and me eggs wed 9 me ttn Fer camp on ring gut might in mr of ope a dey, et mg Tem RRC a ae TED RELATE he attra vara:ret day sre berlin he lesion. Nataly, ring po mt ly (i ir tes eat pete 2 Simpy tng alti rao eid ob ange mp tar rd the esting grin mast of Hs fnconaty ee, wth » mem of star Sd ‘ulnson oven ceey &parculty portant whe te stare ‘Spenening the routing lit must ron ona computer wh ed Pe esr hs mt a nae nr hy sen rm cy (foe of ral or urea chet rch fate res, gh nd Condens and inure implementations Bo rot a at etek Fences po, hey ance cere protiers en ey fa The Bet ing "grt ae fen hn that have wie he at of Sie sad proven bee {ny of eter ocr 4 Rape converses tng lite mu converge nid, Conergece the pre feet, ty a mtr on opto roster When stk err ces oes go become wraie, rues date song spt mange oti Spe spr prose raters, Kn reo of opal Tue and vem {Sng rut to ager thn our eigenen (See ating nope er eer etapa 5. Fey Routing norte shold ab Ole In ter wed, tg ssh shod uisy and seuriy apt to vanty of network mena Fr ep ‘Sune Gt «never segment hs gone down Many oun ern, on cong rate of tis problem, wll quickly st the nets path fea oe neva SSeS ing tin cn be fas pw to etek earworm ya th as EXE optiaty Principe ‘+ Optinay people see at route | othe ptm pth fo oe "Vo rote Kt he pti pth om Kh al lng a ne ate + Soppee rut ot J a he ot ed. oe ter (han eee fom J 1 K could be contd ht prove te route bam 0K 0 th 8 pon TEOMA BLADE oat ae 1+ Beg 441 show he mtnt ad nk e with tance mir mes he ‘er of toe 4s sma ataceee Sik ue not recy naar as wth th same ath ge may 1 Sak me dons not cnt ny lp, och pct wl be dane win ite and bound mumbo ope’ Tia ot tin iin a a TTT 2 he th ma oe ta aya ay? it rg ‘er ay a rg ps fom tt pt ip ot bm eT 2 a ati Lt ae pe eT EB Unicast Routing Protoco! Cerne] 1+ Rowling abe an be tte namic Manual erste dont site le ‘+ Dynami bl pla ama when hea change amar he Now ay, ym abe ed ae of en cag nine. One ‘hens the het yao ik te ry re oe on ea of thse ane dui table gue 1 Rowing protec» cmkntn of rales and cedar ate es i th net lr ch orf mg EERE troe and intercom Routing A inet is vided into antman seers An aitnemous sytem (op toe wen ur he ayo ange ston ea NOs Ht reey 1 Rowing ie on stnesin rte lee 6 nding + Roting bo tna te eee fo nerds ting + Disance vector ae nk st rutg the euamle of rademuin rote oe Pat ete a ample inden ting pos = ee ie 48ers +R 482 do eee em. 1+ Only one train roulng post handle roaing btven auconout ses RONG RE an ad ae 1+ nhs alge nh oer ee 3 tng bl indeed yn cning ‘te entry fr enh en th se Ti ny sin ope 1 prof ougong ne ut aon 1 An mate oh io nec at destination 1 The muted might Be amber of hops, ne delay inland, tt ruber of pasts que lng path se 1 sume at iy ed a mt al hl he otk thd tech onions AD den ‘Scare fran oy th et ipouing moder Nate Fesscpatng in he sane et gouge 7 , ee each ner to ‘imate die tench dentin 7 ¥ Fe 481 Sat TRowecn RO a waale rcs» fren ech go. 1+ By pring clan fr ch goo can i ot wih estate Se th Ds ae st evurate ad oe omepnaing ne ne ug {She Ol cong se edi te on ig 6 se ant we 2 ate + Rong be esd Bow ERI countto-ninty Problem “ig. 462 shows a nage mete a dence th dss fom ote A 2 ‘yt rae Ut now ering wor. 1 Soppoe at Ink (A, robe Ror B observe at noting le est eur © ba ota A wih 2 pT robin ht B ees fest tht Cerone B ecco oe rung eon th 8 Bit ied cma on Rover mt ing mg 482, we can ste te sey ‘cst A Ensue Co rot sma in eB + Nowe a the conse the enue" Belmenford "pte raasz Cio Abe maculae ha voting able *®, +The saa pati solaore whe unto protien. The St e's 4 to toe some rate sal ner ‘ tpprsimaton af ining Far Saopir we git diode tat Be cree eter ef pe tet nae (Gran etre ever gang be ‘Dre tha ad oe clk 1 ar he vale to pen iin Ths at Hat bos te ann of tie tat tas ct > sy. Ocoee pets prem Hf or neon ew 4 Fe Whee see nodes wee paris by mote a 16 hop ‘+ One hig to prove he i aie etn cle pithern Slt orange pe hat tung neato tt sx eek ned fe soning le of pce oir eer mt he rue en ch ae reed 1. The pray demteck of his alg i te vnenbty the ‘Conti pean. Thv ate Bon propane many perl aan bot 2. Avether deck of ti sche hat dot ot be te acm Link 2. Yet acter probe with he lini a pel ang ef converges he ots om 4 flo th Coan ont nd lo converge as be oi he ‘Roman uma bp fo 1 whsh sane ate han Tooter bate ey ‘bape rsing gt ‘em SLE oat ie Re ETON eae te‘tet the advert x ohing oe han th rw bie inom ‘rom router A. Tis oman eter npr, ta natok 2 four hops sy fey roaer A. Roar Deon mening tb verano, ‘erg he verter th el tg a Rowe Dias the a 2 pth ough rs A te twa Zt | ‘haar than th pth tough tr 8, The, er D upliter fowaring tbe scour he she srt ala wm Table 43, PER) Netw NERO “saat [RP rks ecanee advent appotimaty every 9 send Is roster

IPs hn ner 1 app i Peo time (25-3850) ae 2 Baten (80a) = 2. Garage tection (129) or 1 Pee ime Ti pe of ter or Ccnmal the vere of soar ‘ne sages Ech ote hat mie a 2 Raplaon mer The epson tar gover te vty of «rut nro ‘Sesto, te new wp fre ee os very 3 ace a har et roe on arts no pda essed eit he alte 10 cm, She rate cnr exp ad he hop cunt fe rou ef 1 ah 2. Gabe calastn nr: Who he oman sou ete Become i, [gece et a 0 10 oe fora use Whn the ou ces rth rou epg om he ae RIP ver 2 wt ip! ener of he econgy of vende eplice Sen vero at weed with Oe he TOP pose wth 7 TERE cae eel ed ov with 2 po ig 58 Raunt menage oma TOMA RAEN A en moe samvaayhl 2 Campaie upgrade of RIV icing sat eoutng, eutenson, CDR Serpe se eg and ml tei 1 Samet sport + Une mare conven prong sng vablelegth 44 An ed yn can ra IP pve med sen for tng normiton ‘sist sppnng 5. Low regener an pcg tthe ade (6 RP and RFD ae fo the Ht stork we he Rg designe fo oh Fg 467 how he meg oat Fa 067 weno frat of CE 1. Command Te comma ld sl pct he aren ho datagram | 1 Mentier- nse what yp fae pci in th pr ety ‘Cowie tg = Ate sign 10 4 route which must be prered and Feed wh a iT rot tg prove «mdf tpt ineral [i rots ome UP os, whch aya ben pore om BGP athe IP 1 Sebeet mask - Vale api f the IP as ld he nos pat (feelin sen he abt shone or st 17. New hep neta net hop IP are o wich pt Yo te detiton {posed yt ote erry sou be orwarde {Dita «Repent the ft ito ting tz fro the sf hat a vs Autanotion Autettion 6 ded pct menge opel nmrand ‘Seonmet NO ld de he ur + To idente ut the tye hon nome anata isons ther of FHF ted aay El “ 4 468 shows Be atti ‘conmant | vein Resened FFF ‘senteaon ype 4A hana 1+ Auten pdt he oil or atesnon ‘2 -Diesévanages 1 RUD suppor: nrc not of abettn bt nly “per” edie 30 fa Snr very oes 2 pats inrme th mnt of tr nr ei et use org ator 3,2 nets mae probes le than OSPF, Dua propa outing Inoraton by peteialy taming teenie tung tet neh Fay be ow at oink a ‘Aéanages of RP and iasvntges of IP version # ‘samen of RP 1 IP is ery weal sal two whet vey il ont ines of ‘nit ad nd continent mona oe 2 ary epee han ower Gs Team RETO ng a ae TRoNoH Pesan as aJ 1. Many implemen te rae nthe IP Dindvntages of RPA 1 tiles formation fret at phat ad lo wry ars ont weed pe 2: tet oppor Suppor ne rus ny wets hoe nee 5. Not uc nye cn ta oer ty seeing HPL eg [PI was denoped fran AS hat ri ince la hen 4 300 ote {EEE rovting Loop Problem 1+ A roti op eos even problem wh Mapp when adapt 1 comin ued tg fh sue ors over an over. The data Ph 1+ A ong oop cn ave a catope ipo cn eek: and in some ces Conley sng te eter Neral rasing Sop pried tah dmee vec pre Roving lop an cca when nce ting ab a ot pee ue Sow evepence in ngg eteak + Roxtng ope my bo cased by Taco congue ti rte Inca cndigare! rote dtuon (Inca cnfigared card ote Rong hops can cate he lowing se Bas eof Bath 1 CYU ssc be stad Neewrk omen edad Rout up ay be ot nok proc in nly manner Ring op snd eis. 1 Meu hop count 2 Spit non 4 ote poisoning 4 Held doen mee aximum nop count + Mina hop cout mechani cn be ul 4 pee rating ps lace ‘acer protests te th TineTodive (71) ae he IP degra heir eid tng lope TL specs tte Gn cen the dtr lied ote Io pate, this ew Hop cout detect ting pe 1+ hen an IP datagram move fam rit or, oer base tack of he Ip the TT ld ihe IP aetna hae or ech pn eke ee (rouge pckts TTL Ald Snemetnd by com th et aches 0 Pht dropped by he ote ht dod tev fon ‘Sot orzon Spt zen prevents ang iron at x oe Sack the sue whan opt te 1 ls the sp of Bl tsa te ey 1 Spt hanaonteique snp ht rong inomiton aoat some sebock fred the ung hile o's see vos never wt te oer am ch na Route pozoning Whe 2 ou ace tan of cnn roses tal, he ir wil oso the ote yang an i + akon tri rae mecha sed 1 pee i ul fn bing noted ad props by mia hen a ou plc a holon sa, ole wil ter ave the route nor ap averiements abot for spec ie cle the eslown pe 1, Wt i ans ea fie rg? in i ie Eh ia a ig Wh 6 ype” TI 1: tp te tm te [orn ee 5 la ie wer I 6 pe my ome oo Teemeon RET emer TB LEADS in1p heer agai A 1 ye ae ec og ta oo {a a np? Da as ap ete Hi ink state Routing + tek tae outing he indica of adamant prota ie yam pe ring algo «Te esti lk ae tng ipl an can Be ate ve prt ah rr mat do he lowing auming aout he agree x oe i tnd de pes HELLO pect on ach pnp le The ror om heer Cape tnd ek py ming When ro oe moe uo: me (rece by # LAN he LAN en Be ated oe 2 Maing tne cot To deerine he torn, eter nen seca 12GHO pct oe the fiw ht the oar ade regured sind bck Imnelly By etsng te rasp tne st Ging By Oo, Be Suing rover tte of ly Stole fond Ye {Shen sot when sng th ly? {ulin nk wate pact: Sepa maybe Hl peal, when {ove spent vet sun, nuh mt nw ov rightour Beg down ot ‘Seg Sok up ap 4 ising he Hk al pacha: The Bas sth ach sate pct of segue mb at erred fr each | peat st tox tck fal he uso segues) pas ey se When Bk te pce cri chal gate nt of pct ey cn Hit ew i warded ona seep he ne ated (ie doing) Wi ea opie dade Ha pce ih a ego te lowe hn the phx on ers a ever ai i ete bg Pte wh he bal gon 1s Te sega munis may wap aon, cong cna, Sto Ug ¢ ‘tba ie With one pct rand wal ake 7 yeu wp soe 2 ea router eve cash tl ne ck mse mb 1 te seit mat wa od ee 5.0» sequence number Is err ip and 60 end of 4 (aoirero, poke S50 wil be ced cee “Te slton tro aca and segue be cp te ie ge eth ech ste pace on ay olan darn haa i ern. Whe ‘gn entrant srl Ney ‘Sone fireman tthe ase gro mate more robust ‘Whe se pct come in oar for oi itp sling ae © seta hr whet ther sate packet ore some source cones ere ‘Puneet suas mbes cmpedW bya uh Spit i cred hy ioe, the ltr cou now ot To gar a er 30 ey, sate pct ae acknowige When ane ges He thing ae ‘eo! in undo ola «packet © anlar en puns ean crc he reset grap Then Diss uit can Be ‘in alt conta he shore ph ol pone tian Unk ste ong pres eee den ape rt tan psi apt Unk ste roaing wey di cl owen SPF pro ee rk se algo Unk tite routing pote a few: Open Shara Path at (O57). 1 Neva sk Series Protas (LP) Apes AUR. 80 ine System ened Ste (5, ERED stontest Pain Routing +f ort pth tw th pth ng Seen eth se mtn a4 ‘Econo Stine bandwith eget oman oo ah gue {gh mee dy oe * Clscel See ay o's neober ef eer cototcnof Titicaca gf eet non With kde of pap eng {rer and ech a fe gph mproeing comms nah TOR RAL Ae a te ‘ow RaveenaPe ex ae ‘Step: Link nt compl fr heart nde vai Paes 0) Step: Soce AD empty, ow D ie wen no ‘Sp Source nde natin ad a be nde a3 led ce Sept: tal pth ct to meghncing node (ae rn) Ect comp nd te oes iba cnasating sou ae ‘lp + Es he all pet odes and Ged the anal he i 0 met ‘Shp The sles elmo ow working dh pl and tp ee spend he dtaton node ci Ge allowing ample hatrate Diatealgrtn Fars 9 (HEIR) Fr pt er ma Ad ne rhe ing Step + Ade ser Dare Can 164718 ping ies rit. See gs uu ga spe Pears) soa Step: Sn shart ri 8 wing nde Sep: Node As nod a oe re, ten ogo Pers Teemcn Raa fae ma“he ars ec he share pth teen noe Aan node is ADEM 1 aman or born etinu-Rnd aga somewhat snr fo Dia lin bat he the short ph forge source node emp bjt ote cot at th th comin st most oe nk rom oe ode at ck ep hast path eh ‘Bhsoum nr of Un fund, Pally thet pth ach ode an the Gero a pth compet. Belmarferd algo Utd in the loving a af the ate pth Baer ale A and ade Haag Bee Fond spi fo Fig 71 sy cae 7 seta St 6 oO e Q reer ys ‘Datase AD hr han AB. $0 oe AD cen Se aapicanc) IAD chs Step Feuae Soh hres tances ADEM, he rt sine an Dit lin (ERED open shorsst Pat Fat (OSPF) (OPE i tink ste otro OSPF i bed om Be aad np enc ll nas have copy fhe nee map, whch gry ope Bh rode consne = voutng rwiey ate, Thie ce comes inomatons stout the reer nas Batam opr, ae wel a ss Inomaten stow sist rece nfrmaton prayed all 1+ The OS cmp the sbrtatpuh tthe te er OSPF po i om dy ed he nvr rue prot in TCP/IP seo OP cmp ‘ue fuk be eet that hn ot edo terontipe ‘ec af cat The trom congue tect ops fon fly, date Iori OSP abe tenet over mle al ot oe OST ie dato an teal Gateway Poti GP) tse tear ‘outing win one entrees sytney The shang ort neon [teen stmanoas sense mspenlty of anther Poe an Exel [Gnway rt 2021 OS can pert oe Fen + aon he estes fhe OS. OSPF upputematile out lad lng tecme Gt can ne ‘pe etd 2. OSPF an conser ery guy rete ply change 8. O8PF supper mute me. 1052 ot peo routing pe oR ROLE ap meno moaeae EE. ele 1. CSF spot fr varie gh ting by ning te bt mad 1a pc allowsmighoue to be dco utente. Two rts mre te sit ob gh toy Ive ante 29 conn ees Te OSE nodes tw level Merry ono ei alow an AS fo ‘prt sve! rope eld wa te nerd yc edie nn ar town te 673. + An ae eid by 251 mba own he rs. Te tone aes ‘Std win tee D 19800 Te infor on tr ae eure yas border rer at Rae comets fo mle ae 1 OSE wa four pet fe. 1 an nual rue nour with lh coma to he networks ‘ain anew 2 A ares order outer oer th nk cone ea co 15 tsb fir sour th aa eect th bone {4 Ae Augen Sten Sound Hote (ABR) otra ha ks ‘Sc! meter noes as shown in the Pg 473 oss, Re andy ae neal rou. Rees acResy ro ate bre ross Rolo RyRy RyRy ae buon ‘ne Rte Rn ASR (OS protean dey over ing IP po, Te her oat (OS Ssh ne Fg 28 Fe A OSPF emer bar (OS eer maa pen 1. Velo Tis eld pc tps vein, 2. Type Ths i nts age nef he ll pe, {Halo Dasha desition Links Link te upto Link es cower 2. Fact length | Th fil ete he nngh of OF pad facadng te Os tae PN ~~ 4 Rei I 1 ei neg eT al poly toe 5 Aves 1 This dash eh pact eng (eit), {© Chacha : The chan Sele wed 1 dt em inthe pach: The ‘helms permed a hae pce 7 Auten pee ein he atest ype fa sd {utensil als fon he enon pe Team AAO sa tt me RON LENO? Aa a in aeanaeriton ax ena The OS option cnet of te alowing eg 1. OS send the Heo mags or dng the niu and dee or cae emacs ton 2 Adjance ae eb and ek ste uss ae sycvoni 2 Link sine avetcment ne echge by ail route low olga “ues be tne td nei ina a et AS oes The ‘Site th rman th datbve to gener outing ble OSPF Aaranges ow tal ove OSPF fe encinami of newark Denwlth on ik 2. at eamergnc OSPF rts fad upd to ngs inthe neo sod {bern st al ately age on mew palo af fe 2. ager cock metic. 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Wt a compe opp, sae en SESNER aw ton tw conmepemcing sting pos and may he mach 2 mgmt oa Dg nyt ron CP TY wg ‘iy due to th ale bw ote waver, when + ply ange ees, tre ee amount of prceningsoue Yo eit Bad ‘Sangean elton of te ost le 2 Congrton OSPF cn cmp nti [ERED biterencebetuen Distance Vector and Link Stat Rutng be Snare | | Tay be ow at Gr Bk OSP i gh ah ls Ser fe ie mia OF use WF pects nos at Ae tere = laa aan eee eon Rae Ae ea mom TEENA RAAT Ap ote arevaitytr kee i tg gS oo 2: i tn ie ta ee) hii TTT {fact OS pS! a rl Mfr ce fe ied ae i lana OF. =o 7 tote ner oo ‘ye st pak tins on —————] Ab ee ee AT 1m hn tr aig ty EBD trarenical Routing = At ei pb strc may ge ote pt vie ge eisCer cyst re acy Or ote ua 0 ag are {Coe ane brody, Won ur tage he nes ed Set cme Sa tn i» ns vn = + Smet Sete Mey ome Eo" denen oe Beast Som Solel ery rch abl for 18 1 rte 1A 1 te fl ig When Mel ing ‘les hve Bom coer in sgl ous Hare roti nce away)EI Foocing © Scant hop * Divs ufo Arch nl eery cng poche! eos oo ‘Say enn ena hs a ed + Rooing genera age umber of dapl pcs. One ay to pee ie a H {or exh nef uber he Ky of hse pct hs least Whe ‘lp pc ae hye care + Oi muchmance oto are shop coin cone inthe Rede of ec ee oe al eee Frm sass © Fold Sadao cane Ss Talons oye: elev Sdn te rut donot ant every eming pat 6 ll na bt nly on ones ata in igh ton. Theta denny of etn he ead a gr, “i a ray popeal e cmiy oe a Ae eng ee frock age bth The stage of Bog tat Mey ht Tt pet Eds One ane ‘pian br sliny atte tt sje © coca dane ad a ‘Zezued dauiwe.sptoneee whee te neways dae ERED broadcast Routing Ee com. + Taming dt ot matinee ed edtg- |+ Fig. 4311 shows the flooding process forthe subnet, Various methods af broadensting are as follows a 1 st (0 Ping Mata ing) Ree th wading . < 2 Fading 4 Ts ectag lady domed in previo ston 1 Stiestnaon ostng e 0 ‘Ins eta nh ht conn ee ition aos, When «pet stone a Yor, te roster chest drs st proper ee {ein Rouer ners rev copy of pk fr cach ke ah iced o Y ‘Attn avon, Ae hw heh pct cay ely ae deste aan iss and i fut ae noma phe Ti per He Spat ren: ieee) (droll