1.
Essence of Salmani Architecture
Salmani architecture is a unique style deeply rooted in Saudi Arabian cultural heritage, notably from
the Najdi region, while embracing modern design principles and sustainable practices. This style,
often described as Culturally Contextualized Modernism, reflects a careful blend of tradition with
modernity. It is characterized by its commitment to authenticity, historical continuity, human-
centric design, and environmental harmony. The approach aims to resonate with the local culture,
honoring traditional forms while applying them in contemporary ways.
Culturally Contextualized Modernism
• Definition: Culturally Contextualized Modernism integrates traditional forms, motifs, and
cultural elements of a region with modern architectural principles. Salmani architecture is
rooted in this approach, merging Najdi cultural motifs with contemporary functional and
aesthetic standards.
• Importance: This architectural approach is celebrated for preserving cultural heritage while
promoting innovation and modernity. It provides a design language that respects the past
while looking to the future.
2. Core Principles of Salmani Architecture
2.1 Authenticity
• Essence: Authenticity in Salmani architecture is the pursuit of creating spaces that
genuinely reflect Saudi Arabian heritage.
• Application: Designers use local materials, motifs, and construction techniques that
convey the originality and identity of the place, specifically through Riyadh limestone and
distinctive Islamic patterns.
2.2 Continuity
• Essence: Continuity emphasizes the integration of history with current design, fostering a
sense of national pride and identity.
• Application: Salmani architecture respects past architectural forms and seeks to provide a
visual connection to Saudi Arabia's cultural heritage, ensuring that buildings harmonize with
the social and historical fabric.
2.3 Human-Centricity
• Essence: Designs prioritize individuals and communities, enhancing accessibility,
inclusivity, and comfort.
• Application: The architectural layouts incorporate public and private spaces, fostering
interaction while ensuring privacy, especially in communal areas like courtyards.
2.4 Livability
• Essence: This principle seeks to create safe, attractive, and socially cohesive spaces that
elevate quality of life.
• Application: Salmani architecture designs consider human-scale proportions, with
comfortable, shaded outdoor areas and spaces that support social engagement and well-
being.
2.5 Innovation
• Essence: Salmani architecture encourages experimentation with modern techniques,
materials, and design approaches.
• Application: Designers may explore new methods of incorporating traditional motifs or
using modern materials in ways that reflect historical aesthetics without compromising
functionality.
2.6 Sustainability
• Essence: Sustainability in Salmani architecture extends beyond environmental concerns to
include social and economic aspects, supporting a holistic approach to longevity and
resilience.
• Application: The style emphasizes passive cooling, minimal energy usage, local materials,
and eco-friendly water management practices (e.g., greywater systems, drought-resistant
landscaping).
3. Key Architectural Elements and Features
3.1 Ornate Details and Geometric Patterns
• Description: Intricate geometric patterns, derived from Islamic art, adorn facades and
interiors.
• Application: Patterns are often repeated on doors, windows, and decorative panels,
providing visual rhythm and cultural resonance. Common motifs include stars, hexagons,
and floral-inspired geometry.
3.2 Use of Arches and Domes
• Description: Both pointed and rounded arches are prevalent in Salmani architecture,
symbolizing elegance and grace.
• Application: Arches are used for entryways, windows, and interior spaces, while domes
add grandeur and reference celestial or spiritual symbolism.
3.3 Material-Based Patterns (Riyadh Limestone)
• Description: Riyadh limestone is a primary material in Salmani architecture, providing
natural textures and color variation.
• Application: The use of local stone not only reduces environmental impact but also adds to
the architecture’s authenticity. The stone is often carved to create subtle, light-catching
patterns.
3.4 Arabic Calligraphy
• Description: While not as prevalent as in other Islamic styles, Arabic calligraphy in Salmani
architecture serves as a decorative and meaningful touch.
• Application: Calligraphy may feature stylized scripts or meaningful phrases that enhance
the cultural depth of a space, often seen in entryways or prominent interior areas.
3.5 Environmental Motifs
• Description: Reflects natural elements, drawing from the desert landscape, wildlife, and
flora.
• Application: Patterns inspired by desert sand dunes or local plants are incorporated subtly,
creating a link between the building and its natural surroundings.
3.6 Proportional Systems
• Description: Derived from traditional Islamic architecture, geometric ratios guide spatial
organization.
• Application: Ratios like the Golden Ratio are applied to define the layout and relationships
between architectural elements, ensuring harmony and balance.
4. Modern Interpretations of Salmani Motifs
In contemporary Salmani architecture, traditional elements are reinterpreted to align with modern
aesthetics and functional requirements:
4.1 Simplified and Abstracted Patterns
• Traditional motifs are abstracted or enlarged for a modern appeal, often applied on building
facades for a bold visual effect.
4.2 Material-Based Patterns
• Local stone textures are arranged to create patterns that play with light and shadow,
emphasizing natural beauty through material choice and arrangement.
4.3 Environmental Motifs in Contemporary Design
• Nature-inspired motifs are streamlined into abstract forms, offering a subtle connection to
the desert landscape and environment.
4.4 Proportional Systems and Grid Application
• Geometric ratios are used to structure modern layouts, ensuring that contemporary
adaptations still resonate with cultural heritage.
