2301107 Calculus I

8. Improper Integrals
Outline
8.1. Improper integral of type I

8.2. Improper integral of type II

8.3. Improper integral of mixed type

Chapter 8:Improper integrals C08-2

8.1. Improper integrals of Type 1 "

£ fox DX Io fend ) Jaffar DX

,
× or )

●
Definition of an improper integral of Type 1
t
– If ∫ f  x dx exists for every number t > a, then
a ∞ t

∫ f  x dx=lim
t∞
∫ f  xdx
b a a

– If ∫ f  x dx exists for every number t < b, then

t
b b

∫ f  x dx= lim ∫ f  xdx

−∞ t −∞ t

Chapter 8:Improper integrals C08-5

• The improper integrals [ fox > dx and

fox) dx are called convergent if the

corresponding limit exists and divergent

if the limit does not exist .
 so

• If
:
I fcx) DX or Sfcx ) dx
:
is

Sfcx ) dx is also
divergent ,
then
-
so

divergent .

"
Dm tf f fan dx converges to L and
- D

Ñfc×, dx converges to M, then

d a a

§fcnd×= fetch DX
iafcxdx =L -1M

- • ( convergent,
JAX

fast
"
y

ftfcxdx
:I fix dx = Iim
+ →• a

=
which is
,

convergent divergent
Iga
✗
v. e- I

÷¥ .

§ fan dx =

-
y

which is
,

convergent divergent
 Student note
1. Determine whether the integral is convergent or
divergent. ∞ ∞ 0
1 1 x
∫ x ∫ x2 ∫ dx
dx , dx , x e
1 1 −∞

(1) § I DX
santy

Chapter 8:Improper integrals C08-7

 (2)
f) Izz dx

sooty
 *
I xédx

Santy
EIN whether the integral
Determine
•

S 1- dx
-
a ✗2+1

is convergent or divergent .

south
8.2. Improper integrals of Type 2
{ bfcx, dx
●
If f is continuous
b
on [a, b) and
t
is discontinuous at b,
∫ f  x dx=tlim
b
∫ f  xdx
−
a a
●
If f is continuous on (a, b] and is discontinuous at a,
b b

∫ f  x dx=tlim
a
∫ f  xdx

a t
●
If f has a discontinuity at c, where a < c < b, and
c b
both ∫ f  x b dx ,∫ f  xcdx are convergent, then
b
a c
∫ f  x dx=∫ f  xdx∫ f  xdx
a a c
Chapter 8:Improper integrals C08-9
 Student note
3. Determine whether the integral is convergent or
divergent. 5 
2
1
∫  x−2 dx ,∫ sec x dx
2 0

Santy

Chapter 8:Improper integrals C08-10

 IT/2

Ttx of see ✗ DX

soling
 Student note
4. Determine whether the integral is convergent or
divergent. 3
1
1

∫ x−1 dx ,∫ ln x dx
0 0
3
dx
1)
of ÷,
5011MW

Chapter 8:Improper integrals C08-11

ETU
& ¥x× -
z ,d×
☐
☐
=

§ ¥ d× S c¥×
+ dx

§☐¥c×
3

+ dx +
f c¥× d×
☐
8.3. Improper integrals of mixed
type
●
We may be interested in integrating a function to
infinity while the function is not continuous on the
interval of integration. We call this the improper
integrals of mixed type.
●
We first split the interval so that f is continuous on
that interval and then integrate to infinity

Chapter 8:Improper integrals C08-18

Example.tw
to

dx
1)
! I
type 2 mixed type
☐ type , ☐ ☐

2) I ¥ dx
-
I

☐ type I ☐ types ☐ mixed type

3) § ÷+T dx

-
2
mixed type
☐ type i
☐
type 2 ☐

4) 5¥ dx

0
mixed type
☐ type ,
☐
types ☐
3-
§ ,
+1¥
☐ type 2 ☐ mixed type
☐ type ,
Toft Determine Whether each following integral
divergent Evaluate those
is convergent or .

that are convergent .

"
I dx

€73
 2) § ¥2 dx

solving
 §é¥
" dx

Scotty
 §
4) d×

solving