A

Micro project report On

“Mini Hydro Power Plant”

SUBMITTED TO M.S.B.T.E.,
Mumbai

For the Award of

DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER ENGINEERING BY

Roll no Name of Student Enrollment no.

16 Tanishka Umesh Karande. 2210740175

34 Samiksha Annasaheb Bhosale 2210740194
36 Swapnaja Samir Kumbhar. 2210740196
62 Vaishnavi Santosh Chaudhari. 2210740385

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Ms. V. B. Maskar
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
NBA ACCREDIATED

SVERI’s College of Engineering (Polytechnic), Gopalpur

Pandharpur-413304
2024-25
AFFILIATED TO

M.S.B.T.E.
 Evolution sheet for Micro Project
Academic Year: - 2024-25 Name of Faculty: - Ms. V. B. Maskar
Course: - Computer Engineering Course Code: - CO5I
Subject: - Environmental Studies Subject Code: - 22447
Semester: - 5 Scheme: - I

Title of Project: - Mini Hydro Power Plant

Major Learning Outcomes achieved by students by doing the Project:

(a)PracticalOutcomes:
NIL
(b) Unit Outcomes in 1. Select appropriate solutions
Cognitive domain: of effective use of
energy.
(c) Outcomes in Affective Domain: 1. Practices energy conservation.
2. Maintain tools and equipment.

Comments/Suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)

Marks out of 4
Marks out of 6 for Total
for
performance in mars out
Roll No Name of students performance in
group activity of 10
oral/
Presentation
16 Tanishka Umesh Karande.
34 Samiksha Annasaheb Bhosale.
36 Swapnaja Samir Kumbhar.
62 Vaishnavi Santosh Chaudhari.

Guide Ms. V. B. Maskar

 SVERI’s COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (POLYTECHNIC),
PANDHARPUR.

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project

report entitled

“Mini Hydro Power Plant”

Submitted by

Roll no Name of Student Enrollment no

16 Tanishka Umesh Karande. 2210740175

34 Samiksha Annasaheb Bhosale. 2210740194
36 Swapnaja Samir Kumbhar. 2210740196
62 Vaishnavi Santosh Chaudhari. 2210740385

is a bonafide work carried out by above students, under the guidance of Ms. V. B. Maskar and it is
submitted towards the fulfillment of requirement of MSBTE, Mumbai for the award of Diploma in
Computer Engineering at SVERI’s COE (Polytechnic), Pandharpur during the academic year 2024-
2025.

(Ms. V. B. Maskar)
Guide

(Mr. P. S. Bhandare) (Dr. N. D. Misal)

HOD Principal

Place: Pandharpur.

Date: / /
 Acknowledgement

“Mini Hydro Power Plant” has been developed successfully with a great contribution of
four students in a period of two months. We like to appreciate their guidance, encouragement and
willingness since without their support the project would not have been a success. We would like
to give our heartfelt gratitude to Principal Dr. N. D. Misal, Guide Ms. V. B. Maskar & HOD Mr.
P. S. Bhandare who is the supervisor of our project for helping and encouraging us in many ways
to make our project a success. We would never been able to finish our work without great support
and enthusiasm from friends and support from our family. We would like to thank the department
of Computer Engineering, for giving us permission to initiate this project and successfully finish
it.
 INTRODUCTION

1. Rationale:
Energy is a vital resource that drives the modern world, with sustainable energy sources becoming
increasingly important due to growing environmental concerns and the depletion of fossil fuels. Among
renewable energy sources, hydropower stands out for its reliability, scalability, and minimal environmental
impact.
A mini hydropower plant is a small-scale version of conventional hydropower systems, typically
generating power ranging from 100 kW to 1 MW. These systems harness the potential energy of water,
converting it into mechanical energy through turbines, which is then transformed into electrical energy via
generators. Mini hydropower plants are commonly installed in rural or remote areas where large-scale
power infrastructure may not be feasible.

2. Aim/Benefits of the Micro-project:

This project aims to explore the design, construction, and operation of a mini hydropower plant. It
highlights the potential of using local water resources to generate electricity in an environmentally friendly
and cost-effective manner. By focusing on mini hydropower, the project underscores how smaller
communities can benefit from decentralized, renewable energy solutions, contributing to both local
development and global sustainability.
The report will discuss the key components of mini hydropower systems, their environmental and
economic benefits, and the challenges involved in their implementation.

3. Course Outcomes Achieved:

Select alternative energy resources for Engineering Practices.

4. Literature Review
A mini hydro power plant is a sustainable and efficient solution for generating electricity by
utilizing the kinetic energy of flowing water. In environmental studies, such micro-projects focus on small-
scale power generation (typically less than 1 MW), emphasizing eco-friendliness, minimal environmental
impact, and promoting renewable energy sources.

The literature surrounding mini hydro power plants highlights the following key points:

1. Renewable Energy Source: Unlike fossil fuels, hydroelectric power relies on water, a renewable
resource. Mini hydro plants harness river or stream water, converting its mechanical energy into
electrical energy through turbines.

2. Environmental Impact: While large hydroelectric dams can have significant ecological consequences
(e.g., habitat destruction, fish migration interference), mini hydro projects are usually less invasive.
They often require only minor alterations to the natural flow of water, ensuring minimal disruption to
local ecosystems.

3. Efficiency and Cost-Effectiveness: Mini hydro plants are considered highly efficient in converting
water energy into electricity, especially in rural and remote areas. Their smaller scale reduces costs
associated with construction and maintenance compared to large-scale plants.
 4. Community Benefits: These projects can provide localized power generation, improving energy
access in off-grid or remote communities. They also foster sustainable development by reducing
reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decreasing carbon emissions.

5. Challenges: The literature also points out challenges such as site selection, the potential seasonal
variability of water flow, and the need for proper planning to balance electricity demand with water
availability.

5. Actual Methodology Followed:

The methodology for this commercial hydropower plant project is structured to ensure a systematic
approach to design, implementation, and evaluation. The following steps outline the processes involved:

1. Site Assessment and Feasibility Study

1.1. Site Selection

 Data Collection: Collect hydrological data, including water flow rates and head height, from
potential sites. Evaluate the suitability of the site based on water availability, environmental
conditions, and proximity to the target commercial facility.
 Site Inspection: Conduct physical inspections to confirm the viability of the site. Assess
factors such as accessibility, environmental impact, and infrastructure requirements.

1.2. Feasibility Analysis

 Technical Feasibility: Analyze the technical feasibility of the site by calculating potential
power output using formulas based on water flow rate and head height.
 Economic Feasibility: Perform a cost-benefit analysis to estimate initial investment,
operational costs, and potential savings or revenue. Include considerations for the integration
of DC motors and LED lights.

2. Design and Component Selection

2.1. Hydropower System Design

 Turbine Selection: Choose a turbine type (e.g., Pelton, Kaplan, or Francis) based on site-
specific conditions such as water flow rate and head height.
 System Layout: Design the layout of the hydropower system, including the water intake,
penstock, turbine, and power transmission components. Ensure efficient water flow
management and minimal energy loss.

2.2. DC Motor and LED Light Integration

 DC Motor Selection: Select a DC motor based on the power requirements and mechanical
systems to be driven. Ensure compatibility with the turbine’s output.
 LED Lighting Design: Choose LED lights for their energy efficiency and long lifespan.
Design the lighting system to meet the illumination needs of the commercial facility while
minimizing energy consumption.
3. Construction and Installation
3.1. Infrastructure Development

 Water Intake and Penstock: Construct the water intake structure and install the penstock to
direct water flow to the turbine. Ensure proper sealing and alignment to prevent leaks and
optimize flow efficiency.
 Turbine and Generator Installation: Install the selected turbine and connect it to the DC
motor or generator. Ensure proper alignment and secure mounting to prevent operational
issues.

3.2. Electrical System Setup

 Wiring and Connections: Set up the electrical wiring and connections between the DC motor,
generator, and LED lights. Implement control systems for managing power distribution and
monitoring performance.
 Testing: Perform initial testing of the electrical system to ensure proper functionality and
safety. Check for correct voltage levels, wiring connections, and operational stability.

4. Operation and Monitoring

4.1. System Operation

 Start-Up Procedures: Follow the start-up procedures to gradually bring the system online.
Monitor key parameters such as water flow, turbine speed, and electrical output during the
initial operation phase.
 Performance Monitoring: Continuously monitor the performance of the hydropower system,
including DC motor operation and LED lighting efficiency. Use automated systems for real-
time data collection and analysis.

4.2. Maintenance and Troubleshooting

 Routine Maintenance: Implement routine maintenance procedures, including daily

inspections, weekly checks, and monthly servicing of the turbine, DC motor, and LED lights.
 Troubleshooting: Develop a troubleshooting guide to address common issues that may arise
during operation. Use diagnostic tools to identify and resolve problems promptly.

5. Performance Evaluation and Optimization

5.1. Performance Analysis

 Data Collection: Collect and analyze data on system performance, including energy output,
efficiency, and operational reliability. Compare actual performance against design
specifications and objectives.
 Efficiency Assessment: Evaluate the efficiency of the hydropower system in converting water
energy to electrical power. Assess the performance of DC motors and LED lights in terms of
energy consumption and output.
 5.2. Optimization

 System Adjustments: Make necessary adjustments to optimize system performance. This may
include recalibrating control systems, adjusting water flow rates, or upgrading components.
 Recommendations: Develop recommendations for improving system efficiency and reliability
based on performance data and feedback.

6. Reporting and Documentation

6.1. Documentation

 Operation Logs: Maintain detailed logs of operation, maintenance activities, and performance
metrics. Document any issues encountered and the steps taken to resolve them.
 Reports: Prepare periodic reports summarizing system performance, maintenance activities,
and any improvements or modifications made.

6.2. Final Report

 Project Summary: Compile a final report summarizing the design, implementation, and
evaluation of the hydropower plant. Include key findings, performance data, and
recommendations for future projects.
Output of Micro-Project:
 6. Actual Resource Used:
1. 9-volt Battery.
2. DC motor.
3. Cables.
4. Bottles caps.
5. Card shit & Gule gun.

7. Skill Developed/Learning outcome of Micro-Project:

The mini hydro power plant micro-project helps students develop skills in renewable energy design and
electricity generation using water. They gain hands-on experience with hydropower systems, focusing on
sustainability and environmental impact. The project also enhances teamwork, problem-solving, and project
management skills, preparing students for future roles in green energy solutions.

8. Application of this Micro-Project:

1. Renewable Energy Generation: Provides small-scale electricity from water.

2. Sustainability: Reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers carbon emissions.
3. Educational Tool: Teaches renewable energy and sustainability concepts.
4. Energy Access: Can be scaled for rural or off-grid communities.
5. Eco-Friendly: Minimizes environmental impact compared to large projects.

9. Conclusion:
In conclusion, the mini hydro power plant micro-project offers a practical and eco-friendly
approach to generating electricity using renewable water resources. It helps students understand sustainable
energy solutions while developing technical and project management skills, making it valuable for both
learning and real-world applications.

10. References:
 https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower
 https://www.adb.org/publications/micro-hydropower-system-case-study
 https://www.esha.be/publications/shp-guide/