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CE75.07 – Performance Based Seismic Design
Module 2: Nonlinear behavior and modeling of structural components
Lecture 2.2: Modeling for Nonlinear Analysis
Dr. Naveed Anwar
Executive Director, AIT Solutions|Director, ACECOMS
Affiliated Faculty, Structural Engineering
About This Lecture
• Describes various sources of nonlinearity in the tall buildings
• Describes concepts related to nonlinear modeling of columns.
• Describes concepts related to nonlinear modeling of beams
under.
• Describes concepts related to nonlinear modeling of shear
walls.
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Learning Outcomes
• Understand the concepts of geometric nonlinearity, and material
nonlinearity.
• Understand concept of column rotation, PMM column hinges and
PMM Column Fiber in nonlinear modeling of columns
• Understand concept of plastic hinges, moment hinges and shear
hinger in nonlinear modeling of beams
• Understand concept of nonlinear layered shell element and fiber
section of shell element for nonlinear modeling of shear walls.
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Nonlinear Modeling
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Basic Sources of Nonlinearity
Geometrical Nonlinearities
• P-Delta Effect
• Buckling Effect
• Large Displacement Effect
Material Nonlinearities
• Cracking in Concrete
• Crushing in Concrete
• Yielding in Steel
• Creep and Shrinkage (time-dependent)
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Geometrical Nonlinearity
Snap-through instability
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Geometrical Nonlinearity
Equilibrium Undeformed position Deformed position Deformed position
(minor approximations)
Compatibility Linear Linear Nonlinear
relationships
Geometric Ignored Considered Considered
nonlinearity approximately
Modeling for Structural Analysis, Behavior and Basics, Graham H. Powell
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P-Δ Effect in Cantilever Column
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Material Nonlinearity
Concrete Steel
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Nonlinear Concrete Material – SAP2000
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Nonlinear Concrete Material – SAP2000
Unconfined
concrete
Confined
concrete
Mander, J., Priestley, M., and Park,
R. (1988). ”Theoretical Stress‐Strain
Model for Confined Concrete.” J.
Struct. Eng.
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Nonlinear Concrete Material – SAP2000
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Material Nonlinearity
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Geometrical and Material Nonlinearities
Linear
Geometrical
Nonlinear
Material Nonlinear
Geometrical &
Material Nonlinear
Matrix Structural Analysis, 2nd, William Mcguire, Richard H. Gallagher, Ronald D. Ziemian
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Force-Deformation Relationship
PEER/ATC 72-1
Beam test subassembly as performed by Popov et al. (1972)
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Force-Deformation Relationship
Modeling for Structural Analysis, Behavior and Basics, Graham H. Powell
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Force-Deformation Relationship
Lightly-Reinforced Wall Segments, John Wallace, UCLA
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Force-Deformation Relationship
1 2
4
3
ASCE 41-13 19
CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design
Generalized Force-Deformation Relationship
• RC beam rotation • RC infill frame • Coupling beam (shear
controlled)
• RC column rotation
• RC beam-column joint
• Slab-beam connection
• Coupling beam (flexural
controlled)
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Columns
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Columns under Gravity and Lateral Load
Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings, Jack Moehle
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Columns under Gravity and Lateral Load
Axial, flexural, and shearing actions on a column.
Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings, Jack Moehle
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Effect of Axial Force on Ductile Limit
PERFORM 3D, User Guide, CSI, Page. 5-24
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Nonlinear Modeling
Idealized models of beam-column elements.
NIST GCR 10-917-5, Page 4
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PMM Columns Hinges
CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design SAP2000 26
Column Rotation
27
CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design ASCE 41-13
PMM Column Fiber
Concrete
Steel Rebar
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SAP2000
Beams
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Beam Element with Moment Hinge Model
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Beams
Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings, Jack Moehle
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Beams
Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings, Jack Moehle
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Plastic Hinge
PERFORM Components and Elements, CSI
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Moment Hinges
3-16 mm Ø
2-16 mm Ø
Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings, Jack Moehle
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Shear Hinges
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Acceptance Criteria – RC Beams
36
CE75.07 - Performance Based Seismic Design ASCE 41-13
Shear Walls
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Structural Walls
Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings, Jack Moehle
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Equilibrium Equations
Wall Shear Wall Moment
(Axial Strains)
Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings, Jack Moehle
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Structural Walls
Tensile
Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings, Jack Moehle
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Nonlinear Layered Shell Elements – SAP 2000
SECTION 1
Top bar
Section (1)
Concrete
Bottom bar
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Fiber Section of Shell Elements – Perform 3D
Fiber section for membrane behavior of a wall
Actual
Wall
Steel
fibers
+
Concrete
fibers
Modeling for Structural Analysis, Behavior and
Basics. Graham H. Powell
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Fiber Section of Shell Elements – Perform 3D
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Thank you for
watching
