926

APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–15
Properties of air at 1 atm pressure
Specific Thermal Thermal Dynamic Kinematic Prandtl
Temp. Density Heat Conductivity Diffusivity Viscosity Viscosity Number
T, 8C r, kg/m3 cp, J/kg·K k, W/m·K a, m2/s m, kg/m·s n, m2/s Pr

2150 2.866 983 0.01171 4.158 3 1026 8.636 3 1026 3.013 3 1026 0.7246
2100 2.038 966 0.01582 8.036 3 1026 1.189 3 1025 5.837 3 1026 0.7263
250 1.582 999 0.01979 1.252 3 1025 1.474 3 1025 9.319 3 1026 0.7440
240 1.514 1002 0.02057 1.356 3 1025 1.527 3 1025 1.008 3 1025 0.7436
230 1.451 1004 0.02134 1.465 3 1025 1.579 3 1025 1.087 3 1025 0.7425
220 1.394 1005 0.02211 1.578 3 1025 1.630 3 1025 1.169 3 1025 0.7408
210 1.341 1006 0.02288 1.696 3 1025 1.680 3 1025 1.252 3 1025 0.7387
0 1.292 1006 0.02364 1.818 3 1025 1.729 3 1025 1.338 3 1025 0.7362
5 1.269 1006 0.02401 1.880 3 1025 1.754 3 1025 1.382 3 1025 0.7350
10 1.246 1006 0.02439 1.944 3 1025 1.778 3 1025 1.426 3 1025 0.7336
15 1.225 1007 0.02476 2.009 3 1025 1.802 3 1025 1.470 3 1025 0.7323
20 1.204 1007 0.02514 2.074 3 1025 1.825 3 1025 1.516 3 1025 0.7309
25 1.184 1007 0.02551 2.141 3 1025 1.849 3 1025 1.562 3 1025 0.7296
30 1.164 1007 0.02588 2.208 3 1025 1.872 3 1025 1.608 3 1025 0.7282
35 1.145 1007 0.02625 2.277 3 1025 1.895 3 1025 1.655 3 1025 0.7268
40 1.127 1007 0.02662 2.346 3 1025 1.918 3 1025 1.702 3 1025 0.7255
45 1.109 1007 0.02699 2.416 3 1025 1.941 3 1025 1.750 3 1025 0.7241
50 1.092 1007 0.02735 2.487 3 1025 1.963 3 1025 1.798 3 1025 0.7228
60 1.059 1007 0.02808 2.632 3 1025 2.008 3 1025 1.896 3 1025 0.7202
70 1.028 1007 0.02881 2.780 3 1025 2.052 3 1025 1.995 3 1025 0.7177
80 0.9994 1008 0.02953 2.931 3 1025 2.096 3 1025 2.097 3 1025 0.7154
90 0.9718 1008 0.03024 3.086 3 1025 2.139 3 1025 2.201 3 1025 0.7132
100 0.9458 1009 0.03095 3.243 3 1025 2.181 3 1025 2.306 3 1025 0.7111
120 0.8977 1011 0.03235 3.565 3 1025 2.264 3 1025 2.522 3 1025 0.7073
140 0.8542 1013 0.03374 3.898 3 1025 2.345 3 1025 2.745 3 1025 0.7041
160 0.8148 1016 0.03511 4.241 3 1025 2.420 3 1025 2.975 3 1025 0.7014
180 0.7788 1019 0.03646 4.593 3 1025 2.504 3 1025 3.212 3 1025 0.6992
200 0.7459 1023 0.03779 4.954 3 1025 2.577 3 1025 3.455 3 1025 0.6974
250 0.6746 1033 0.04104 5.890 3 1025 2.760 3 1025 4.091 3 1025 0.6946
300 0.6158 1044 0.04418 6.871 3 1025 2.934 3 1025 4.765 3 1025 0.6935
350 0.5664 1056 0.04721 7.892 3 1025 3.101 3 1025 5.475 3 1025 0.6937
400 0.5243 1069 0.05015 8.951 3 1025 3.261 3 1025 6.219 3 1025 0.6948
450 0.4880 1081 0.05298 1.004 3 1024 3.415 3 1025 6.997 3 1025 0.6965
500 0.4565 1093 0.05572 1.117 3 1024 3.563 3 1025 7.806 3 1025 0.6986
600 0.4042 1115 0.06093 1.352 3 1024 3.846 3 1025 9.515 3 1025 0.7037
700 0.3627 1135 0.06581 1.598 3 1024 4.111 3 1025 1.133 3 1024 0.7092
800 0.3289 1153 0.07037 1.855 3 1024 4.362 3 1025 1.326 3 1024 0.7149
900 0.3008 1169 0.07465 2.122 3 1024 4.600 3 1025 1.529 3 1024 0.7206
1000 0.2772 1184 0.07868 2.398 3 1024 4.826 3 1025 1.741 3 1024 0.7260
1500 0.1990 1234 0.09599 3.908 3 1024 5.817 3 1025 2.922 3 1024 0.7478
2000 0.1553 1264 0.11113 5.664 3 1024 6.630 3 1025 4.270 3 1024 0.7539

Note: For ideal gases, the properties cp, k, m, and Pr are independent of pressure. The properties r, n, and a at a pressure P (in atm) other than 1 atm are determined
by multiplying the values of r at the given temperature by P and by dividing n and a by P.
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Original sources: Keenan, Chao, Keyes, Gas Tables, Wiley, 1984; and
Thermophysical Properties of Matter. Vol. 3: Thermal Conductivity, Y. S. Touloukian, P. E. Liley, S. C. Saxena, Vol. 11: Viscosity, Y. S. Touloukian, S. C. Saxena, and
P. Hestermans, IFI/Plenun, NY, 1970, ISBN 0-306067020-8.
 920
APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–9
Properties of saturated water

Volume
Enthalpy Specific Thermal Prandtl Expansion
Saturation Density of Heat Conductivity Dynamic Viscosity Number Coefficient
Pressure r, kg/m3 Vaporization cp, J/kg·K k, W/m·K m, kg/m·s Pr b, 1/K
Temp.
T, 8C Psat, kPa Liquid Vapor hfg, kJ/kg Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid
0.01 0.6113 999.8 0.0048 2501 4217 1854 0.561 0.0171 1.792 3 1023 0.922 3 1025 13.5 1.00 20.068 3 1023
5 0.8721 999.9 0.0068 2490 4205 1857 0.571 0.0173 1.519 3 1023 0.934 3 1025 11.2 1.00 0.015 3 1023
10 1.2276 999.7 0.0094 2478 4194 1862 0.580 0.0176 1.307 3 1023 0.946 3 1025 9.45 1.00 0.733 3 1023
15 1.7051 999.1 0.0128 2466 4185 1863 0.589 0.0179 1.138 3 1023 0.959 3 1025 8.09 1.00 0.138 3 1023
20 2.339 998.0 0.0173 2454 4182 1867 0.598 0.0182 1.002 3 1023 0.973 3 1025 7.01 1.00 0.195 3 1023
25 3.169 997.0 0.0231 2442 4180 1870 0.607 0.0186 0.891 3 1023 0.987 3 1025 6.14 1.00 0.247 3 1023
30 4.246 996.0 0.0304 2431 4178 1875 0.615 0.0189 0.798 3 1023 1.001 3 1025 5.42 1.00 0.294 3 1023
35 5.628 994.0 0.0397 2419 4178 1880 0.623 0.0192 0.720 3 1023 1.016 3 1025 4.83 1.00 0.337 3 1023
40 7.384 992.1 0.0512 2407 4179 1885 0.631 0.0196 0.653 3 1023 1.031 3 1025 4.32 1.00 0.377 3 1023
45 9.593 990.1 0.0655 2395 4180 1892 0.637 0.0200 0.596 3 1023 1.046 3 1025 3.91 1.00 0.415 3 1023
50 12.35 988.1 0.0831 2383 4181 1900 0.644 0.0204 0.547 3 1023 1.062 3 1025 3.55 1.00 0.451 3 1023
55 15.76 985.2 0.1045 2371 4183 1908 0.649 0.0208 0.504 3 1023 1.077 3 1025 3.25 1.00 0.484 3 1023
60 19.94 983.3 0.1304 2359 4185 1916 0.654 0.0212 0.467 3 1023 1.093 3 1025 2.99 1.00 0.517 3 1023
65 25.03 980.4 0.1614 2346 4187 1926 0.659 0.0216 0.433 3 1023 1.110 3 1025 2.75 1.00 0.548 3 1023
70 31.19 977.5 0.1983 2334 4190 1936 0.663 0.0221 0.404 3 1023 1.126 3 1025 2.55 1.00 0.578 3 1023
75 38.58 974.7 0.2421 2321 4193 1948 0.667 0.0225 0.378 3 1023 1.142 3 1025 2.38 1.00 0.607 3 1023
80 47.39 971.8 0.2935 2309 4197 1962 0.670 0.0230 0.355 3 1023 1.159 3 1025 2.22 1.00 0.653 3 1023
85 57.83 968.1 0.3536 2296 4201 1977 0.673 0.0235 0.333 3 1023 1.176 3 1025 2.08 1.00 0.670 3 1023
90 70.14 965.3 0.4235 2283 4206 1993 0.675 0.0240 0.315 3 1023 1.193 3 1025 1.96 1.00 0.702 3 1023
95 84.55 961.5 0.5045 2270 4212 2010 0.677 0.0246 0.297 3 1023 1.210 3 1025 1.85 1.00 0.716 3 1023
100 101.33 957.9 0.5978 2257 4217 2029 0.679 0.0251 0.282 3 1023 1.227 3 1025 1.75 1.00 0.750 3 1023
110 143.27 950.6 0.8263 2230 4229 2071 0.682 0.0262 0.255 3 1023 1.261 3 1025 1.58 1.00 0.798 3 1023
120 198.53 943.4 1.121 2203 4244 2120 0.683 0.0275 0.232 3 1023 1.296 3 1025 1.44 1.00 0.858 3 1023
130 270.1 934.6 1.496 2174 4263 2177 0.684 0.0288 0.213 3 1023 1.330 3 1025 1.33 1.01 0.913 3 1023
140 361.3 921.7 1.965 2145 4286 2244 0.683 0.0301 0.197 3 1023 1.365 3 1025 1.24 1.02 0.970 3 1023
150 475.8 916.6 2.546 2114 4311 2314 0.682 0.0316 0.183 3 1023 1.399 3 1025 1.16 1.02 1.025 3 1023
160 617.8 907.4 3.256 2083 4340 2420 0.680 0.0331 0.170 3 1023 1.434 3 1025 1.09 1.05 1.145 3 1023
170 791.7 897.7 4.119 2050 4370 2490 0.677 0.0347 0.160 3 1023 1.468 3 1025 1.03 1.05 1.178 3 1023
180 1,002.1 887.3 5.153 2015 4410 2590 0.673 0.0364 0.150 3 1023 1.502 3 1025 0.983 1.07 1.210 3 1023
190 1,254.4 876.4 6.388 1979 4460 2710 0.669 0.0382 0.142 3 1023 1.537 3 1025 0.947 1.09 1.280 3 1023
200 1,553.8 864.3 7.852 1941 4500 2840 0.663 0.0401 0.134 3 1023 1.571 3 1025 0.910 1.11 1.350 3 1023
220 2,318 840.3 11.60 1859 4610 3110 0.650 0.0442 0.122 3 1023 1.641 3 1025 0.865 1.15 1.520 3 1023
240 3,344 813.7 16.73 1767 4760 3520 0.632 0.0487 0.111 3 1023 1.712 3 1025 0.836 1.24 1.720 3 1023
260 4,688 783.7 23.69 1663 4970 4070 0.609 0.0540 0.102 3 1023 1.788 3 1025 0.832 1.35 2.000 3 1023
280 6,412 750.8 33.15 1544 5280 4835 0.581 0.0605 0.094 3 1023 1.870 3 1025 0.854 1.49 2.380 3 1023
300 8,581 713.8 46.15 1405 5750 5980 0.548 0.0695 0.086 3 1023 1.965 3 1025 0.902 1.69 2.950 3 1023
320 11,274 667.1 64.57 1239 6540 7900 0.509 0.0836 0.078 3 1023 2.084 3 1025 1.00 1.97
340 14,586 610.5 92.62 1028 8240 11,870 0.469 0.110 0.070 3 1023 2.255 3 1025 1.23 2.43
360 18,651 528.3 144.0 720 14,690 25,800 0.427 0.178 0.060 3 1023 2.571 3 1025 2.06 3.73
374.14 22,090 317.0 317.0 0 — — — — 0.043 3 1023 4.313 3 1025

Note 1: Kinematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n 5 m/r and a 5 k/rcp 5 n/Pr. The temperatures 0.018C, 1008C, and
374.148C are the triple-, boiling-, and critical-point temperatures of water, respectively. The properties listed above (except the vapor density) can be used at any
pressure with negligible error except at temperatures near the critical-point value.
Note 2: The unit kJ/kg·8C for specific heat is equivalent to kJ/kg·K, and the unit W/m·8C for thermal conductivity is equivalent to W/m·K.
Source: Viscosity and thermal conductivity data are from J. V. Sengers and J. T. R. Watson, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 15 (1986),
pp. 1291–1322. Other data are obtained from various sources or calculated.