Exercise 6

Name : Resa Arsita

Student’s Number : F1021171043

10 Purpose
99 Infinitive used to express purpose
PEG334
Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one sentence using so as/in order where
necessary.
He sent me to Spain. He wanted me to learn Spanish.
He sent me to Spain to learn Spanish.
He turned out the light. He didn't want to waste electricity.
He turned out the light so as not to waste electricity.

1 I am buying paint. I want to paint my hall door.

= I am buying paint to paint my hall door.
2 He tied a knot in his handkerchief. He hoped that this would remind him to meet the train.
= He tied a knot in his handkerchief to remind him to meet the train.
3 He opened the lions' cage. He intended to feed the lions.
= He opened the lions’ cage to feed the lions.
4 He left his rifle outside. He didn't want to frighten his wife.
= He left his rifle outside so as not to frighten his wife.
5 He has a box. He plans to put his savings in it. (Omit it.)
= He has a box to put his savings in it.
6 We had no cups but he gave us coconut shells. He said we could drink out of them. {Omit
them.)
= We had no cups but he gave us coconut shells to drink out.
7 He rushed into the burning house. He wanted to save the child.
= He rushed into the burning house to save the child.
8 He read only for short periods each day. He didn't want to strain his eyes.
= He read only for short periods each day so as not to strain his eyes.
9 They got up very early. They wanted to get to the top of the hill before sunrise.
= They got up very early in order to get to the top of the hill before sunrise.
10 He rang the bell. He wanted to tell us that dinner was ready.
= He rang the bell to tell us that dinner was ready.
11 We must keep our gloves on. We don't want to get frost-bitten.
= We must keep our gloves on so as not to get frost-bitten.
12 The farmer put a scarecrow up in the field. He wanted to frighten the birds.
= The farmer put a scarecrow up in the field to fighten the birds.
13 I took off my shoes. I didn't want to make any noise.
= I took off my shoes so as not to make any noise.
14 Before the carpenter came she covered the floor with polythene sheeting. She wanted to
protect the carpet.
= Before the carpenter came she covered the floor with polythene sheeting to protect the carpet.
15 The boys are collecting sticks. They intend to put them on the fire. (Omit them.)
= The boys are collecting sticks to put on the fire.
16 He was playing very softly. He didn't want to disturb anyone.
= He was playing very softly so as not to disturb anyone.
17 I am sending him to the USA. I want him to study electronics there.
= I am sending him to the USA to study electronics there.
18 I sent him out of the room. I wanted to discuss his progress with his headmaster.
= I sent him out of the room to discuss his progress with his headmaster.
19 He fixed a metal ladder to the wall below his window. He wanted to be able to escape if there
was a fire.
= He fixed a metal ladder to the wall below his window so as to be able to escape if there was a
fire.
20 He changed his address constantly. He wanted to elude the police.
= He changed his address constantly to elude the police.
21 The police have barricaded the main streets. They want to prevent the demonstrators from
marching through the town.
= The police have barricaded the main streets to prevent the demonstrators from marching
through the town.
22 They evacuated everybody from the danger zone. They wanted to reduce the risk.
= They evacuated everybody from the danger zone to reduce the risk.
23 I am learning Greek. I wish to read Homer.
= I am learning Greek to read homer.
24 He sent his children to his sister's house. He wanted them to watch the television programme.
= He sent his children to his sister’s house to watch the television programme.
25 He sent his children to their aunt's house. He wanted to have some peace.
= He sent his children to their aunt’s house in order to have some peace.
26 The town council has forbidden coal fires. They are trying to keep the air clean.
= The town council has forbidden coal fires in order to keep the air clean.
27 They employed a detective. They wanted to learn what I did in the evenings.
= They employed a detective in order to learn what I did in the evenings.
28 I am saving up. I want to buy a helicopter.
= I am saving up to buy a helicopter.
29 He coughed. He wanted to warn them that he was coming.
= He coughed to warn them that he was coming.
30 You should take your holidays in June. In this way you would avoid the rush.
= You should take your holidays in June to avoid the rush.
31 I keep my hens in a field surrounded by wire netting. I want to protect them against the foxes.
= I keep my hens in a field surrounded by wire netting to protect them against the foxes.
32 I am learning skiing at an indoor school. I want to be able to ski when I get to Switzerland.
= I am learning skiing at an indoor school so as to be able to ski when I get to Switzerland.
33 The workmen left red lights near the hole. They wanted to warn motorists.
= The workmen left his red lights near the hole to warn motorists.
34 He invented a wife and six children. By this trick he hoped to avoid paying income tax.
= He invented a wife and six children to avoid paying income tax.
35 Some women tint their hair when it goes grey. They want to look younger.
= Some women tint their hair when it goes grey to look younger.
36 He didn't tell her he was going up in the spacecraft. He didn't want to alarm her.
= He didn’t tell her he was going up in the spacecraft so as not to alarm her.

100 Clauses and phrases of purpose

• PEG 336-7
A purpose clause introduced by so that can sometimes be replaced by prevent/avoid + gerund or
allow/enable/let/make etc. + infinitive.
The two sentences:
He rumpled the bedclothes. He wanted to make me think he had slept in the bed. could be
combined:
He rumpled the bedclothes so that I should/would think he had slept etc. or to make me think he
had slept etc.
An in case clause is useful when we mention the possible future action we are taking precautions
against:
Don't let him play with scissors. He may cut himself. could be expressed:
Don't let him play with scissors in case he cuts himself.
144
Sometimes an in case clause can be replaced by a negative purpose clause.
1 He killed the men who helped him to bury the treasure. He wanted nobody but himself to know where it
was.
= He killed the men who helped him to bury the treasure to prevent anyone knowing where it was.
2 Put the cork back. Someone may knock the bottle over.
= Put the cork back in case somebody knocks the bottle over.
3 The airfield authorities have put arc lights over the damaged runway. They want repair work to continue
day and night.
= The airfield authorities have put arc lights over the damaged runway to allow repair work to continue.
4 The girl packed the vase in polyester foam. She didn't want it to get broken in the post.
= The girl packed the vase in polyster foam so that it wouldn’t get broken.
5 He wore a false beard. He didn't want anyone to recognize him.
= He wore a false beard to avoid being recognized.
6 She built a high wall round her garden. She didn't want her fruit to be stolen.
= She built a high wall round her garden so that her fruit wouldn’t be stolen.
7 They talked in whispers. They didn't want me to overhear them.
= They talked in whispers so that I wouldn’t overhear them.
8 You ought to take some serum with you. You may get bitten by a snake.
= you ought to take some serum with you in case you get bitten by a snake.
9 Aeroplanes carry parachutes. The crew can escape in case of fire.
= Aeroplanes carry parachutes so that the crew can escape.
10 I am insuring my life. I want my children to have something to live on if I am killed.
= I am insuring my life so that my children may have something to live on if I am killed.
11 Please shut the gate. I don't want the cows to get out of the field.
= Please shut the gate to prevent the cows getting out of the field.
12 He telephoned from a public call-box. He didn't want the call to be traced to his own address.
= He telephoned from a public call-box so that the call wouldn’t be traced to his own address.
13 I am putting nets over my strawberry plants. I don't want the birds to eat all the strawberries.
= I am putting nets over my strawberry plants so that the birds won’t eat all the strawberries.
14 We keep a spade in the house. There may be a heavy fall of snow in the night.
= We keep a spade in the house in case there is a heavy fall of snow in the night.
15 We put bars on the lower windows. We didn't want anyone to climb in.
= We put bars on the lower windows to prevent anyone climbing in.
16 You should carry a jack in your car. You may have a puncture.
= You should carry a jack in your car in case you have a puncture.
17 We built the roof with a steep slope. We wanted the snow to slide off easily.
= We built the roof with a steep slope so that the snow could slide off easily.
18 The notices are written in several languages. The government wants everyone to understand them.
= The notices are written in several languages so that everyone will understand them.
19 I put my address on my dog's collar. I want anyone who finds him to know where he comes from.
= I put my address on my dog’s collar so that anyone who finds him will know where he comes from.
20 She tied a bell round her cat's neck. She wanted the birds to know when he was approaching.
= She tied a bell round her cat’s neck to let the birds know when he was approaching.
21 Bring your gun with you. We may be attacked.
= Bring your gun with you in case we are may be attacked.
22 I have put wire over my chimney-pots. I don't want birds to build nests in them.
= I have put wire over my chimney-pots so that the birds won’t build nests in them.
23 Write your name in the book. He may forget who lent it to him.
= Write your name in the book in case he forgets who lent it to him.
24 He chained up the lioness at night. He didn't want her to frighten anyone.
= He chained up the lioness at night to prevent her frightening anyone.
25 Don't put on any more coal. The chimney may catch fire.
= Don’t put on any more coal in case the chimney chases fire.
26 The burglar cut the telephone wires. He didn't want me to call the police.
= The burglar cut the telephones wires so that I wouldn’t be able to call the police.
27 Take a torch with you. It may be dark before you get back.
= Take a torch with you in case it is getting dark before you get back.
28 The manufacturers have made the taps of their new gas cooker very stiff. They don't want young
children to be able to turn them on.
= The manufacturers have made the taps of their new gas cooker very stiff so that young children to be
able to turn them on.
29 Don't let the baby play with my glasses. He may break them.
= Don’t let the baby play with my glasses in case he breaks them.
30 The debate on education has been postponed. The government want to discuss the latest crisis.
= The debate on education has been postponed so that the government can discuss the latest crisis.
31 If someone knocks at the door at night don't open it. It may be the escaped convict.
= If someone knocks at the door at night don’t open it in case it is the escaped convict.
32 The policeman stopped the traffic every few minutes. He wanted the pedestrians to be able to cross the
road.
= The policeman stopped the traffic evey few minutes so that pedestrians might cross the road.
33 He had a telephone installed in his car. He wanted his secretary to be able to contact him whenever
necessary.
= He had a telephone installed in his car so that his secretary would be able to contact him whenever
necessary.
34 Never let children play with matches. They may set themselves on fire.
= Never let children play with matches in case they set themselves on fire.
35 As he went through the forest Bill marked the trees. He wanted the rest of the party to know which
way he had gone.
= As he went through the forest Bill marked the trees to let the rest of the party know which part he had
gone.
36 Turn down the oven. We don't want the meat to burn while we are out.
= Turn down the oven so that the meat won’t burn while we are out.