Page No.: [o. 1 Date : 7 1202 ASSIGNMENT= O14 Dumonsctrete the positive ound mug citive Using AND gol Pesttiue logic : : dn pesitive logic a Logic high ( sual rep rvemted ) as 4) incicatis true a! on, While o logic dove (usualy represented as ©) inckiceutes fouse offs Jn dhe Context ef am_AND got, When both Joputs A amd B cou hth othe olutpuut ds highs indicating that dhe Condition 33 True: Truth table for_pesitive logic AND gece’ A} 8 | output o|]°o oO o}4 ° 1 [0 oO c dia d. Negottive Logics dn n ative Logic, the op esite is hur: a Logic. Low (o) indicat fale or of: Jn dhe Context of a AND gate, When bodh Inputs. (A amd 8) osu Low,! the dutput vis low , indtcotting that dhe Condition Js tine:fowput ee a os 9 ° 1 ACh, FM) amd recline dt using Nok gate? G3) Simpliyy dhe Booltam function Ff (W,%4,%)* € (01,24 “C4,4,12,14) using K-map and Write the Voilog Program {or dualthing the minimised Expression wa? gz fe eye ety!) Flarb,c.d) =11(8.3,5, 9,40, 13,14) td n6,41)) = DP) Min tow. {er 11 (2.35, 2,40, 43,44) ares Mm(2), (3), |_Mcsd, mcr), M40), (43), M44) (2 | Mintouna fer dC 467,01) axe tm), MCL), MCT), ML} Ans: | axa, LL ag [|The Pos txpression cam be Whitin o£ pin] 4 GAD FCabtl)= Carbrerd) Catbrerd) Carbrciad) (atbltc. 1 Duy Catbliclsd) Cattbictd) Caltbtcitd) t d(biteltd))~ Colte!td) Cbrctd) Cbtctd?) Flaibed)= Ca'tbactid) Caltbl tcrd') Caltbic'td) Carbreltd) Carbrerd) t( baeltd!) (b4ctd) (bre td) Cbtetd) FC wets) = amy + HYR tx 4 WE : 4 Wit 7-0: leleo al Thu Sop Exprusion for FCarbicd) dst |Pageno:| OY | Dato 1 roe chil unc Ee A : fs This lew Atates tht ty “yeu. add, con Variable with ‘raultipi oony Vari with 0! dhe Hesutt is aduocuys 4 eo, 3 opectinyelay Cig [Gas yy Fa] = ex$ 1x) | (flog 12); Jdumpetunt aw: = = ATA=h [end module : S sake ni - “What ds Binesy Logic hist out amy 4 Kaws of | + This law stata dhet i} you eu Multiply a aes Binoy seq t a : fe Variable tate al She te ts che Wed Any | Bincowy slogie abo Known as Boolean bogie, ts a tel + = branch ef" Logic dhat leas with Varialts dhatt | Cum have enb} dio pedsible Voluws- ue or fabs, 4 | Comblenent havo > Usually suproented 4 4 ane o sespectively, Jt the tA we "i - | fourelattion of digital Electronics amd Compitin Stivace cA 7 a : | + This law states thect_if you. ell co Vorialste uth 4. | Geuutijy havo its Comblemunt (Nor) et multiply 0 Variable with 1 Ato=A sits Complement the result is always Aco, saa | sespe el : + Ths law state. that if you. add COR) amy Variable Simnpiyy dhe felowiing Boolean _junetions and With 0, @ ‘rauldiply Chtdo) oan Vortabu wdh L, fine cuts Sop Ci) FOXM,2)* C0,1,4,00) #4(23.9) dhe nut ds dhe oniginal, Variable (ii) Fw, XY) * S (56,4, 12,14, 15) td 13,9, 1).Ane LC %Y) aWigy ay 4 Pageno OF hey | ReiM Abntrsctiona: Hole provide a Rigen Lev o Cbhtraction [er describ 677,12, 15) +d_ 34") _ a 1 low-level lets |duigney to focus ¢ Concismess and Readeulielit wiistr ard Sioning + HOLs Gxe een site cuign, & mgs ome on cl al igeital Create «allowing Uidrality ata fran yt Hole axe designe to mle Te Tele] | Simulate des doigne byfre fabrication oltouing z mols [4 [4a] je drough timing and pejemana a wx] 2a xs s | Simultabuity and Vuification: Hols are clasig ed to be = wil o |x [x [o | Cowsice: curd deccleubste alain & nes te fapnos oe OG yy __| Complore. duigns suing Compact ‘ancl understamdalte mle] ol[e]e| ‘Teode a a = ee w| o | [4] [fz a4 = ~_| Synthesis ame imblumentation; SIDLs ase Used Lun Conjumitier I wx |@_ Tay TE Tw With Synthesis doods to translate high-level dain | wr} © [lo |o [o desoripdion dinto gate-level rupraentations Suitable pe arta a a implommtation ‘on plates Auch os FPA’ eter 5+ | Stamdonrdization and Ecosystum: AY) | Writ o Shout net. on Hardware beoripition Several Hols have Language § pee 1 a | Become indurcry Stamdorcs . Inclucing Vovion | HOL —_ i he se hoe | cans tao Auppested by eat amge of fy A Hot daa Apecalind Computer Jamquage wed to cdoots amd Libraries jateing a nich teorystem, ip | + : — eee = J __ | cro $ Muthodelogin i| Combinational Functionality | Output depenels | promt inputs Page no | OF ASSIGNMENT- 02 Cixcutts only en | Cequentiat Cutt bate ' ‘output dapords on a) func 1 Wh What ore electors 2 trap Page tio | 04 » A decoder vi a Combinational Cicuit that Conoiti | a bina | : clan ere_onby eru out sti based on dive input eects St tagentiolly deeds stuuputs amd pest input _cthe Input amd Adlets the Conupending cusput sLinws Tense dh fetlousing Boolean HOt 2 - Zi eu output dum of active ot a Oew:[ 7 me aurually Exclusive output _ 2M i a = Fito net hve Frome > = | float — 4 = = = | s outputs clepemdemey :_ ao = aot at ES cuspur_duperds Betély en | output depmds en bodr pts — S - Current Input __|Prount inputs 5 dhe prevfows Tt Atal _¢| the Circuit —S r Example Applications + — is as Adeouss, Multipiero. Coumtor, dug tstevs lovnultiplenas , oe fimiti state machime tte What ore multiplexes? Implement the Boolean jwndion FCAB,C,0)= SMC 134,112.13, 14,15) Woh a 324 MUX * Block clingnown: 7 Exiewmal —fCorabinational | Input 4 Any || A Multiplexer so Combmatdonal Cacuit that Select 7 eat binony injo foo +e many Inpucs Luis $ odes into SHorshinating | Single output stimu + Ihre are 2” input im as Trpat] J Cocaist | [Meuthat | apa | dulettion loner there bit Combination determins = wieady Money k — | which Input da Stlected . ouput np: : ee at —pagero:| fo:] ove | # mad) Tikeh8.c.0) Sm 48,4) 84,93,49 94,45) Lia data. Com rumion data dramsmivion and far ae Multiplexing. se ih a ___|Giae co ff hy bd at _ ies = ay (ge 40 70 0 am A)p's as [ae ane 8 | 36 0 ek OT? Dsl o>los[o. | __|x ly Bt 2 8 anus Oe oko | ele a s —— A BIS [Rd 12 Igo ° x|x [ilo ° Eee [22] |] ae im ft} ol[olo 4 = 7 femap jor %+ items! E Ded) Te Os ded, date Ded (Bd,|[x]| © |o lo 35] x 0 a Dolli}fo lofo| dos| 4 c y bo| [4] 0 |o | o Dios | 1 a om W{o [ole 005 [ 4 _| 7 Ke Ded, ____V* Det 0, 40.1, caf = Rg Tyo, AY) | Define Encounter Suign © Four- input | priority en Goda. eh Any || An Encoder ws a raat’ chatute Sheu Converts ‘a rt ta a Aut of inputs signals wlnto a Coclid output, hur. | LS . Each wnique Combination of input. Signals we bo 4 f Piscab cia} Seprosunted —b & unique Code on dhw output Lon + - Entodey au mmnonly Wed dn digital Ay atoms he, ~Pagowo-{ Ja | Date Pagetio:| 43 | ae: 7 7 (3 { ae 2 & “ati :QCUI4)> STR! ait) @5) | waite a Valley propam sto Smponent full addy § [Mubsteacter Chcuits 9 ats vi © fer adel adelur, J “for Abstractor _ output Sum, PR. oF Output Cous = - assign {Cour Sumy» (sub) 7 fba*Cin, (Cra) Fb $C Cb $(~a)$Cin)| (bgad C~Cin)) ht Parb* Cin, ___Ceinf Ca*b))Y; end Moclube “| Equation: @ Cin) =Je'CoT Fa) { + D Flip-Flop + et eat d [aw [acter aes Oo cela) oO ' Q(t) ' Equation : @ Cet) =D Q0) | Write div Chaxaduutio Tabu. and Equedtions of | SSR JK» amd T flip flops P : : XT Flip-Flop « 2 say cia - 3 T | ac) [act fi — | str Tac [acn : 1 raw | ace) e428 a fs few [aw ol) = ar 1] o Te. ae fi a a a | | Fqucchions acter) = T! act) t TQ'Ct)Pagoto:| 14 pomto:( 5] ose:[ ae @2) | DOaibe Vanicus aclardaing ey J ~__SAssignmetT - 03 i I ‘med with trampls) | “Regain Mods: a “| t The operand 6 che Content fo Regsbnten the muse Cor aderus) of the Heqdater s_given in = dsctruction - fos | The Irtiuetion. _2t5} : Move R1, Rr : Copy. Covtent of Hegusten Rt into Requistor, Ra s wis used asa Counter obo_detormine dhe mabur ef ctimus dhe loop bs Enecuited j = Conterd- location. 1 sis leaclid Grito wegdster Ra Oo 4 Absolute. Mocle: + The opuranel cs dim a. Tmemery- loccitdon a The odelnus of memery -location is given txplicty in, Idauction: the of _sthe program Z i The frutuuction Dewwmunt Pi reclucs the Contomts | Ra by J tach stim trough dhe loop + Thum Branch Insdiuction ouds a new Value dito the program Counter 3 Pf 2) Move Loe, Ra Copy Gmtent of emery locatien loeimR i - The EA of tte opromd Ls dhe Contents ef a. suqdater _ || + The Heater that Contoiins the adcrew ef am. oparand us Coble a polriter: €x2 Add (R41), 204 The opromel is dn Memory, fs gives a Yo & Indinct Mock: : rt aie rrepane | Effective adele oj the operand -She desta. vis stead. from location 8 amd adeleel to Contents of regan. Ro | uM: = — Nog} ———] ¥ Immediat. Mocle? eas Suro} +The opramd. bi given Hepulicitly dm dhe iraduction. Aue - tx; She inntwuclion Move FH 20, Ro ; pla Value 200m Roue _locection » Ris dha mame ef dhe index register lwhich Covetciuns | Se Average Wo: ef _ bas > Needed to Execote One Mackuvn fru. — [Shen wos ae alee a: | Borie peomama. equation b+ Cloke suite — hone xs the G Ant |) het Te procosor dims sugquiaed om treet « iyac oid | Pregnomn, N= Adual number | instruchions €xeutrl = addres ef opramd ds given by Re Clock nate vin tycls por Second tthe prognumn tyeeubion chime da given by TaNxs --- CD) R optration Conapits behind eh iiong | Computers _ — fae Sa Ans | St Connist of 2 ports i) oporcction Code ond | egut os supped to os dhe basie pafcumamu tan Bi 5) operels 1 To Achieve hugh pefemonce , the Cormputer designer HOhe data] oprcmds ose stered cin ‘runner: Must\ reduce the Valu ef T. Which reams Hedging the individuol dmscdtucions ose brought. from dhe Nomds, omc Inoeasing Re 2 me cto dhe procener *H)* Clock stotet __| +h, prowwser porjemm dhe Aputfied operation. thew bee dypleal Commbruclion. “There wu. 2 powibilifiu fer Increasing dhe clack nate RS : 2 Ghia _Indyucion us om addition operction he )Smpnsing dhe Ze J tethmplogy Matis legie~ Covuits | fouiousing steps ane: 1 faster Shin’ clus cthe time! needed cto Computa basic The chock secti R cto be Incteaed- ‘tep -This allows he Clock pried p to ber sedued and Gigs: fuck dhe Idauction [nom maim "muro ino ad procuser Step 2: fetch dhe opramd dhe location loca [rom te 2) Reducimg dhu Gwnoumt 6} processing clone sim Ore basic Steptalo Hecuces the Clock | udp Smale rumen Step 3: Add dhe momeay oprromd Cie felch Contents Of Loc) sto Contents of” Regirten Ro _ Gig. y s Store dhe moult (sun) vim Ro ith @ Meat cliagram. with umetionalitivs fxplaim the Connection bio the processor $ Mameyrage wo:[ 42°] Mais Munrery, t 2a I [processor -nemnory frtenfetel| Date «) [J rm Comddums Sooo tru ous of that on a Mntvuctions equinus 4. cl les, 40} instructions Siclock Cyc § surnam pS check Cycles for 2 fxcuution. fund “dhe total Sivn! ragutred to Contvel | | e—proceor Seecuti dhe | Prog raven suming ie Lge trnachine N+ 1000 i {| *\ The aclelness of pinet frudruction guts loaded SmTo_jeo Yor: 0] N= 400 io 2 4 + he Contents ef pe ase cromsfuntd do dhe MAR + 1354- 3 — [Moontrel unit Onis Read signal mmumery ItiAhtr Curtain amount. ef lapsed time dhe fdrst + Jrodruuction Js dead out of meme amd_plaud. Hid = 4-05 tus uvtlo Mor. INO, dhe Contents of Mok axe dramsjooud Sto IP Ds) | fer the jellouing proconer, obtain dhe peajeumames | (Chock Hotes" 200 MHz ‘At chis_point, the instructions tam be decoded $ No of insctuuctions execuitéd + S000 : Executed: fo {uch am opmand, Hts adelress cr flased vito Average tno: Atepa tneecd [machine tribution 20 ‘[iMpr 5 Contrel-umit nurs Read Atjnal ded cls is fete > Mheutise sequised number ofp Ts NaS > Clovo* 2s) |200% Jo"= 95 micvo Sec et 21" Io See R s = AWnko processor ot | | 92) | program. rxecrition ime Tis cto be Examinud fr a [i Famoly, Aw pujevms dre dertud opercilion - | Contain high: [evd_Lamguage progrcum: She progam + At_Aome point 1 Exuuntion, Cait of pe Cam bu xun on nd mpud “Stil Kc i axe Inowmunted to point do next instruction id dhe prog nev. the Effective Volue Rise Machine ua 2, to only 4: for cise Machine -- J] Shins [or execution on CSC Mackin ds to be | longer Sham _on Rise Machine 9Pagetio[ 9) | ome) | ae Ans | het Tp Jo ki ssrquvent-o 2 on dhe i lk ft - =a | Equativey f Gy) | Clplaim dha interacting ef to clevice with Grnpuuter | 3 Ans [Shore Ore 2 Ways tte deal tt dhe Io davics: Thon _NeJie + 4) Mumry = Ana od ABE sch hereeic, fhe _longust ft Mame = 20 ee Ss a ee Ne ve i il __[eMumew amd to davies bhare a Common delcluss Space ey e c __[tAny data-dramjr inictuetion Cam. be Used to, D) | Repeat part Ca) ij dhe Clock vette R fet dhe Rise machi | achamnge inpewmatin. : a Jfo- mapped Ijo: tA Sheetal troduction, mamed IN amd ovT are wed Jer aby pont héghu thom dhat 9 Cisc_ Machine 9 4 Mi amd S/o Oddaws -Shacs su dzjjacat fg [Gn dhs cane, et { F 49 Nef 445= bak] 4-00 dates, Aroma jon _ i Ghum _Nefue +42 | CLAsxts) 0-09 } To Intofuce jeran input devier i z Ghuafore, thu. lorgut allowable Valu for Ne ws )) Addnos duodens Enables dhe davier co sucoontas an Carb. ef We 4 address Whim this address appears on cthe actress flit \ onus i (3) Status Pegs: Containu injo telwout do operation. a is ea e 19) Tfoicuuics iif 2) Data, rugiatts held» data bing dumpod Jo ob ii prem _pnocemor + _ i fm f 22) | Duvidse dhe Comeept of intonupe: cw Comput 1 Ans; || Dhow ou. ‘rao. Aituatiovys Whur eth tases com be _perjevmd _tohete Waiting for an To clvice to | become yearly— ore prom cam Uuitout the ae a [Data diay [Dela daawsjen: whom a pe | tramsjr data prom er Pagenio:| 29: | Date —— prripheral cleuice neces to sto a Computer. ‘nue it _ | Duequuests OMA acces: 2 | DMA Cnbolla: dhe One Gonballes, a specialized hardware Component, Coordinates the clata. Sownsper he routine Gxeurted im siuperse to om sntowupt If betwum the peripheral duvice 4 dhe mnumey CPL Hamdotf : once dre DMA Conbeller ts Actup Request ws _calud Ise dt takes Contret of the Auyptem. bus amd memages The proconer must injeum dhe clwice dhat its suquest | the Hate. hams h hos bum secognised by Souding INTA Signa i anes the cpv- | A rctwn_at ‘the tnd of Tsk Vreloads dite Pc ror Lf fcanibly impneves System i ithat, tumperany Sterage location. This Cums dhe Execution to Halu imbiuction, 7 “hupevaiveness by offloading data sibnafet its tosis: [rem epo- _&) Explain. dtiu Dive Mumey occens technique and vs Davie Fueauft Stordwore wth a agian impottame? Node iff Ans} | i fw: DMA: Us a techmiqu that allows peripheral cdevies proe] st Sp a. So Gramsjr dutu to omd from the Com puteu Mena Inte 44 INTE ] il Wudinout inveling dhe Cpu- Trstead of thw Cpv_mamaging al — Tau Zane Zh sire Thu Cita data travajr prow, DMA Controllers _ mE ee et ssbo pexjeumn. oth tas dake over dhis respowsibsliy ea up othe Cpo + Met Computes have vant Ifo devioes that Com Ie wah inpovtamee ; Juguut am _fntorupt) pnower Should autora ically | disabte intomubts the Exeeulion of Ise { Ataxtin aang oh has a Spectol. Inte Line [ee Which. dhe “Fro hequut am Intorupt a dwie doses du alloca. sto round — intonupt - Fond Ling Cocuit, Intonupt - Circuit Hesponds Only sto Luadli tdge of Sigmals Such cline sis Sutter called: edge chi gout “hus, i alt Te Signals arte Inactive, dhe ‘yoltage on + Sequunce of teats simvelveel dim. hevnebling, the ime drops too, This Causes the INTR stectwed dutewupt dequust- Le by procomer. fo go sto 4 J The dwie nats am Intonupt — sequast if = Ghe Walus of “INTE vis the logical Of of du aquests Spom imdividuel dios" ] regndim. being s€xecuted- j lh | NTR: INTR) tINTRs ~~~ t INTRn 3) Intonupts (ane diraloued by Chamaing: ths Contio} erp dk ot. bits im pnocentor. Atatus Nepdster_( PSE) | _Q5) || Ducribe tnousting + dis tng intonupits J humilling G) She dwice dsiinjowmed that ‘sits sequat hes ben 7 multiple divi! in Intonupt! occur? recognised Sn suspowe, cthe device clecetivectes the Biv 1 Intodupt- requuast signal. i | Any | ALLL computer jumdsumsntally Should be avi tke She ction Hequited by dhe intonupe Gs pajanud Enable $ disable intonuption as dusted - by the Intowupt- Sewier " outtine TNE "She _problom ef infinite loop occuns cur to ihuctersi With eee ait if inturuptiow, active INTL Siqraws: HANDU NG» MULTIPLE: DEVICE =Ghuu cor J mechomisms co Aste problem of the i linjinite Loop + a + While: hamalling multiple clic, cthe Drsus |! 7 iy Concamed ore" i i D proce bhould ignow the frctovaapits umtiv |) How Cam the procesier: Aeeognixe the idevice requusting _ Exucution | [last "innbuction lof the tse [aw dntonupt: v v mee PP) Hews cam the frowns obtaim the Ataating addaus es) | of appropriate 15% 0Page: | De nem Assiqnnten NZS 1 dal dhe seqistow ase sinctertonmected Via | Page No | MUx is ured sto delect ome | Mux Selects tothe | it) Output of Y ov i) (Be) ow ae] fhe. One. 2 gpdions: proved fou oA dimput othe of sth 9 input 2D Cowtant Value 4 (Which ds wred to incemud gle Commen bud - aaa Pe Content ) x * Data “amd acres us ef dhe €xtamal Mumdy- eS Bis cis Conmeted to dhe Intomal_procomer bat aati olet Wia Mors MMAR respectiv . : Pe St irda SIMOR hos > inputs $ 2 olupucts - data may be Teale a hues eet A Dviuto Mor eiftur from momoy -bus a! jrom j ceive J prows bu ih eda } aay Jae] 5 Fraplonueting sti acdions Apecthies by ce inadauctionsl Ce moe} — IE Repbove. Ro ‘dtrough BCnt) te dhe procosed | ie — Bigot 13 Yak far a Wore programumer cam accws thie 2g istens ou a [aE can “qunnal purpre We . a 1 i pwly _procuer. Cum accu 3 neqdstes Yas temp for ey Au - | = Rom). Aumprony storage during _progncunn. éxeution x Ee _ Temp, Che prog nooner Cammet oc.us dha 3 steqdstos: $ +J7 ALL_)"A” dnpus gus oprumd rom ouifur of nom 5 8 itty a te ena ek Sy | _____tomta 3H) owe (1 am] | Step =29 dhe Lnasduuction -{uch epoation. bs ed] by “Cowide dhe dauduetion Add (f3)iRa Which adels | Plonding cahwemts pe stnto MARS Send Read i fo mma fa ate Sthe Contents of momery- loceution pointed Step at-- updated Value dn Los moved to pehis Duegdater Ra: Executing his huciudion requis Completes dhe pe Inowment opuration amd - pe muh the Jellouuing actions: 3) Fach dhe tnatauclion mow ipolnt tb neat instruction « Step3i-a> Feicud. instwuetion six moved dito MDe 9) Fetch dhe first opramd 9 pao dhe addition + Onditim tek | 4) Kou dhe seat dvito Ra Step 4 dimough 4 Gomntidutes the Gxesution phave Gtep Action. PY :--> Contents of Ra arte Locicled unto MAR $0 suwodl. dignal. ds sued PCout ,MARin Read, Stleety, Add, Zin \ patil -2 Contents of Ra core drama erred to 4 to prepode fer. adelition. iil | i--9 When Peal operation cs _Crmpleted Youmeny Inpaln be] Glole vm Moe, and addition da © ~Yibtepsy nas Sum sis Atored sin £, thurs doaina fed * Insdouctionws Exeuttion proceeds oy jollows® Sigma Cause a noo dwscdiuction returning che Step £aono:[ 30] rvee|_! aooro:[ SA] one oa — 1, —— 7 a a 3) | nits a mation how oto feich & Word dom. __ Bee $9) itt AME Eh —_ etotk os a is 4 ea fetch Induction) data prom remedy, »_prote Hit i hones negutred aelelress cto MAR. Xue Each ravmoy acess Verte, MFC a Wud coud IMEC is a aigmal Aun fromm adllrensed ~ levi i the procmsed MFC Injowrns the _prowmot het 3 Me Suequbsted opurdtien hur buw Completecl y =Consicler the imbauction move (es), Re Mor, Visa, MAPin, Read } dondudd ads Js looalad tt | a PaicsTil eh et Maks Read Commomd sis used | dwurd | 1 MEc. a)MORin + WMFC + loads MOR {rom wey -bus + i ww Mi i — alt {or MFC despense {ro my A Dn 3) MDRout ) Reins load Re {rem MDR+ fe Whore WMPe = Contrel - Signal thet, BS) Define tell What are Stages of dhe Induction Cause proceomors Contre) Couuit do weit jou Pipelining Explain 9 Tle _@nrival_o| MFC Hip Z 7~_Tnsctvuction fetch _Atage s wotiuction rem maumouy ~~ Trutiuction ve decode std | imchuctions and detamin Ye _ segue ; I Excewt + 2 Exceution stage perp cthe_actucl Computoiticn on operation Apeettied iby the frtuction + Mummery : | Mumevy acces, Stage dmvelws cessing _tavmey if mecessanny (eq! {er loacl (stew optration) write back: Write -bocke stage Wards the Sesevls oy Fhe feted Uurtrmetion back cto the Abpropaiedte rugdator ev Tame locatiew.