INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
STUDY NOTES
Operating System Functions:
1. Process Management:
- Handles processes and their execution, ensuring efficient utilization of system resources.
2. Memory Management:
- Allocates and deallocates memory as needed by various processes, preventing memory conflicts.
3. File System Management:
- Organizes and manages data on storage devices, ensuring efficient data access and retrieval.
4. Device Management:
- Controls and coordinates communication with hardware devices, such as printers, scanners, and
input/output devices.
5. Security and Authentication:
- Implements user authentication and authorization mechanisms, safeguarding the system from
unauthorized access.
6. User Interface:
- Provides a platform for user interaction with the computer, including graphical user interfaces
(GUI) and command-line interfaces.
7. Networking:
- Facilitates communication between devices on a network, managing network connections and
protocols.
8. Error Detection and Handling:
- Monitors and addresses errors in both hardware and software, ensuring system stability.
Mobile Networks:
1. Types of Mobile Networks:
- Discusses the differences between 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G networks, highlighting their capabilities
and characteristics.
2. Wireless Communication Protocols:
- Explores protocols like GSM, CDMA, and LTE that enable mobile communication.
3. Network Infrastructure:
- Describes the infrastructure components, including base stations, antennas, and mobile switching
centers.
4. Mobile Network Security:
- Examines measures to secure mobile networks, such as encryption, authentication, and mobile
device management.
Physical Components of a Network:
1. Networking Devices:
- Identifies devices like routers, switches, hubs, and modems and explains their roles in a network.
2. Cabling and Connectors:
- Discusses various types of cables (Ethernet, fiber optics) and connectors used in network setups.
Pivot Table (PMT) Function:
1. Definition and Purpose:
- Defines the PMT function as a financial function used for calculating loan payments.
2. Syntax:
- Provides the syntax for the PMT function, including parameters such as interest rate, number of
periods, and loan amount.
3. Applications:
- Demonstrates how to use the PMT function to calculate monthly loan payments in various
financial scenarios.
Pivot Table Sorting and Filtering:
2. Filtering Data:
- Describes methods for filtering data in a pivot table, including filtering by values, labels, or
custom criteria.
3. Advanced Filter:
- Explores advanced filtering options, such as filtering by multiple criteria or using complex logical
conditions.
Absolute and Relative Addresses:
1. Absolute Addresses:
- Defines absolute cell references, which remain constant when copied to other cells, denoted by "$"
in the cell reference.
2. Relative Addresses:
- Defines relative cell references, which change relative to the position of the formula when copied
to other cells.
3. Applications:
- Illustrates scenarios where absolute and relative addresses are useful in spreadsheet formulas.
Creating Complex Formulas in a Spreadsheet:
1. Nested Functions:
- Explains how to use nested functions, combining multiple functions within a single formula for
advanced calculations.
2. Array Formulas:
- Introduces array formulas for performing calculations on multiple items simultaneously, enhancing
efficiency.
3. Logical and Conditional Functions:
- Discusses functions like IF, AND, OR, and their use in creating formulas with logical conditions.
4. Lookup and Reference Functions:
- Explores functions like VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP for searching and retrieving data from
different parts of a spreadsheet.
=VLOOKUP(What you want to look up, where you want to look for it, the column number in the
range containing the value to return, return an Approximate or Exact match – indicated as 1/TRUE, or
0/FALSE).
