BANGLADESH INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, DAMMAM
Worksheet: 12 Final Term 2022-23 WEEK 2
PHYSICS Khizar Yousaf/ Rashidul
Subject Class IX Subject Teacher
Islam
ID # Sec Student’s Name
Date of given
Remarks Chapter 12
Nuclear Physics
Section A
14
1. A nuclide has the symbol 6𝐶
How many protons are there in one nucleus of this nuclide?
A. 6 B. 8 C. 14 D. 20
2. Which row shows the relative ionising effects and penetrating abilities of α-particles and
β-particles?
3. Which row describes the nature of α-particles and of γ-rays?
218
4. A nucleus of a radioactive substance 84𝑃𝑜 undergoes an α-decay followed by a β-
decay. What are the nucleon (mass) number and proton (atomic) number of the nuclide
formed after both decays have happened?
5. An electron moves into a uniform magnetic field.
The arrow shows the initial direction of motion of the electron.
The direction of the magnetic field is into the plane of the page (away from you).
In which direction does a force act on the electron when it enters the magnetic field?
A. into the page B. out of the page
C. towards the bottom of the page D. towards the top of the page
6. Solid caesium-137 decays by the emission of a β-particle to form solid barium-137,
which emits a γ-ray. The barium-137 undergoes no further decay. The half-life of
caesium-137 is 33 years. A block of pure caesium-137 has a mass of 2.0 μg.
The diagram shows a radiation detector a distance of 5 cm from the block. The detector
registers a count rate of 2000 counts / second.
Which statement is not correct?
A. After 33 years, the mass of the block is 1.0 μg.
B. After 66 years, the sample contains 1.5 μg of barium.
C. With 5 cm of lead between the block and the detector, the count rate is just above
background level.
D. With 2 mm of aluminium between the block and the detector, the count rate is reduced
significantly.
23
7. The notation for an isotope of sodium is 11𝑁𝑎 . Which row gives the composition of a
neutral atom of this isotope of sodium?
3
8. The radioactive isotope of hydrogen undergoes beta decay to the isotope 2𝐻𝑒
What is the nuclide notation for the hydrogen isotope?
1 2 3 4
A. 1𝐻 B. 1𝐻 C. 1𝐻 D. 1𝐻
9. A beam of cathode rays passes between two parallel metal plates connected to a high-voltage
d.c. power supply. Which path does the beam follow?
10. A radioactive source produces a count rate on a detector of 1600 counts / s.
After 32 hours the count rate has fallen to 100 counts / s. Both count rates have been
corrected for background radiation. What is the half-life of the source?
A. 2.0 hours B. 6.4 hours C. 8.0 hours D. 16 hours
Section B
1. Fig. 1.1 represents a simple model of an atom.
Fig. 1.1
The atom is composed of electrons, protons and neutrons.
(a) Where in the atom are
(i) the electrons, ....................................................................
(ii) the protons, ....................................................................
(iii) the neutrons? ....................................................................
(b) Which of these particles, electrons, protons or neutrons, have
(i) a positive charge, ....................................................................
(ii) a negative charge, ....................................................................
(iii) zero charge? ....................................................................
(c) Complete the following sentence.
In every neutral atom, the number of ................................................ is equal to the number of
................................................ .
2. A radioactive source is placed 20 mm from a radiation detector, as shown in Fig. 2.1.
Fig. 2.1 (not to scale)
The initial count rate recorded by the detector is 150 counts / s.
A sheet of paper is placed between the source and the detector. The count rate recorded by
the detector falls to 60 counts / s. With the paper still in place, a magnetic field is set up
perpendicular to the direction of the radiation. The count rate recorded by the detector falls to
20 counts / s. The count rates have not been corrected for background. The background count
is measured as 20 counts / s.
(a) State the evidence that each type of radiation is present in, or absent from, the radiation
emitted by the source.
α-particles .................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
β-particles .................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
γ-rays ........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
4
2𝛼
4
3. (a) The symbol for an α-particle is either or 2𝐻𝑒 .
(i) What does the 4 indicate about an α-particle?
..............................................................................................................................
(ii) What does the 2 indicate about an α-particle?
..............................................................................................................................
0 0
(b) The symbol for a β-particle is either 0 −1𝛽 or −1𝑒
(i) What does the 0 indicate about a β-particle?
..............................................................................................................................
(ii) What does the –1 indicate about a β-particle?
..............................................................................................................................
(c) The list below gives, in nuclide notation, the symbols of five radioactive nuclides.
244
(i) 96𝐶𝑚 decays by emitting an α-particle.
Into which of the other nuclides in the list does it decay? ....................................
𝟐𝟓𝟎
(ii) 𝟗𝟕𝑩𝒌 decays by emitting a β-particle.
Into which of the other nuclides in the list does it decay? ....................................
4. (a) State the nature of γ-rays.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
(b) A beam of α-particles and β-particles passes, in a vacuum, between the poles of a
strong magnet. Compare the deflections of the paths of the two types of particle.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
(c) A beam of β-particles passes, in a vacuum, through the electric field between a pair of
oppositely charged metal plates.
Describe the path of the particles.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
(d) The nuclear equation shows the decay of an isotope of polonium
206
𝐴
𝑧𝑃𝑜 → 82𝑃𝑏 + 42𝑋
(i) State the nature of X.
...........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(ii) Calculate the values of A and Z.
A = .................... Z = .....................
5. In Geiger and Marsden’s α-particle scattering experiment, α-particles were directed at a
very thin gold foil.
Fig. 5.1 shows five of the nuclei of the atoms in one layer in the gold foil. Also shown are
the paths of three α-particles directed at the foil.
Fig. 5.1
(a) On Fig.5.1, complete the paths of the three α-particles.
(b) (i) State the result of the experiment that shows that an atom consists of a very tiny,
charged core, containing almost all the mass of the atom.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………
(ii) State the sign of the charge on this core. ......................................................................
(iii) State what occupies the space between these charged cores.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
4
(c) The nuclide notation for an α-particle is 2𝛼
State the number of protons and neutrons in an α-particle
protons = ……………………………………
neutrons = …………………………………..
6. (a) A radioactive source is tested over a number of hours with a radiation detector.
The readings
are shown in Table 6.1.
Table 6.1
Use the readings to suggest a value for the background count rate during the test, and to
determine the half-life of the sample.
background count rate = ...............................................................
half-life of sample = ............................................
