List of question for assignment B.Sc.
(Honours)Part-IV Examination, 2023
Department of Mathematics
University of Rajshahi
Course No. 4006
Rings and Modules
1. Define a binary operation with an example. Define a groupoid, semi-group, monoid,
group and abelian group with an example of each.
2. Define a ring, a ring with unity, a commutative ring, a commutative ring with unity,
a division ring or skew-field, a field, zero divisors, integral domain, boolean ring,
null ring, characterstic of a ring with an example of each.
3. Give an example of a commutative ring without unity element. Give an example of
a non-commutative ring. How can a power set of a set be a ring? Give an example
of a ring with zero divisors. Give an example of a division-ring or skew-field which
is not a field.
4. If (R, +, ·) is a ring, then for all a, b, c ∈ R show that
i) a · 0 = 0 · a = 0,
ii) a(−b) = (−a)b = −ab,
iii) (−a)(−b) = ab,
iv) a(b − c) = ab − ac,
v) (b − c)a = ba − ca,
If 1 ∈ R then
vi) (−1)a = −a,
vii) (−1)(−1) = 1.
5. Show that every field is an integral domain. Is the converse true? Justify your
answer.
6. Show that every finite integral domain is a field.
7. Define characterstic of a ring. Let R be a ring and characterstic of R be 2. Let
a, b ∈ R such that ab = ba. Show that (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 = (a − b)2 .
8. If R is a ring in which a2 = a for every a ∈ R, then pvove that R is a commutative
ring of characterstic 2.
9. Define a quotient ring or factor ring with an example. Define homomorphism of
rings with an example.
R ∼
10. Let f : R → R0 be a ring homomorphism. Show that = Imf .
Kerf
11. Define a maximal ideal of a ring with an example. If R is a commutative ring with
unity element and M is an ideal of R, then M is a maximal ideal of R if and only
R
if is a field.
M
12. Define a prime ideal of a ring with an example. If R is a commutative ring with
R
unity element and P is an ideal of R, then is an integral domain if and only if P
P
is a prime ideal.
13. Let R be a commutative ring with unity element. Show that every maximal ideal
of R is a prime ideal.
14. Define a principal ideal and a principal ideal ring with examples.
15. Define R[x]. If R is an integral domain, then so is R[x].
16. Let F be a field, f (x), g(x) ∈ F [x], g(x) 6= 0, then there exist unique polynomials
q(x), r(x) ∈ F [x] such that f (x) = g(x)q(x) + r(x), where r(x) = 0 or deg(r(x)) <
deg(g(x)).
17. Let F be a field. If f (x) ∈ F [x], is divided by (x − a), then the remainder is f (a).
18. Let F be a field. Show that f (x) ∈ F [x], is divisible by (x − a) if and only if
f (a) = 0.
19. Define a Euclidean domain or Euclidean ring. Show that the ring of integers is a
Euclidean domain.
20. Let a and b be arbitrary elements of a Euclidean ring R such that at least one of
them is non-zero. Then there exists gcd d of a and b in R and d = ma + nb for some
m, n ∈ R.
21. Let a and b be two elements of a Euclidean ring R such that b 6= 0. Then show that
(i) if b is a unit in R, then d(a) = d(ab),
and (ii) if b is not a unit in R, then d(a) < d(ab).
22. The necessary and sufficient condition that a non-zero element a in a Euclidean ring
R is a unit is that d(a) = d(1).
23. Define the ascending chain condition(ACC), the decending chain condition(DCC),
the maximal condition(MC), and the minimal condition(mC) for ideals. Define an
Artinian ring and a Noetherian ring with examples.
24. In any ring R the following conditions are equivlent:
(i) R satisfies ACC on ideals (or R is a Noetherian ring. )
(ii) R satisfies MC on ideals.
(iii) every ideal of R is finitely generated.
25. In any ring R the following conditions are equivlent:
(i) R satisfies DCC on ideals (or R is a artinian ring. )
(ii) R satisfies mC on ideals.
26. Show that the ring of integers Z satisfies MC for ideals but does not satisfy mC for
ideals.
or, Show that the ring of integers Z is a Noetherian ring but not an Artinian ring.
or, Give an example of a Noetherian ring which is not an Artinian ring.
27. Show that homomorphic image of a Noetherian ring is Noetherian.
28. Show that homomorphic image of an artinian ring is artinian.
29. Define a simple ring with an example. Show that every division ring is a simple
ring.
30. Show by an example that every simple ring may not be a division ring.
