Vocabuary: Sustainabe Deveopment.

DEFINITION:
Sustainable development refers to how we can meet our needs today in a
way that doesn’t harm the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
It’s about balancing our economic, social, and environmental needs while
preserving our natural resources. One way of sustaining our development is to
use renewable energies and keep the environment clean.

A. CLASSIFY THE FOLLOWING ISSUES IN THE RIGHT COLUMNS:

poverty – infrastructure – equal pay – global warming – health care – social justice –
climate change – money investment – pollution – violence – corruption
Social issues Economic issues Environmental issues

B. MATCH THE FOllOWING WORDS TO MAKE COllOCATIONS:

Civil energy Financial care

Renewable credits Health aid

Rural / urban society Social justice

Micro areas Money community

Global development Local investment

Sustain warming Have access

C. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH APPROPRIATE WORDS FROM THE LIST.

development – gap – illiteracy – critical – access
1. To sustain our economic ……………………….. we need to preserve our natural resources.
2. The president awarded a prize to a non-governmental organization for its efforts to fight ………………………..
D. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH APPROPRIATE WORDS FROM THE LIST.
justice – obligation – rural – health – civil
3. Dropping out of school is common among children coming from ……………………… areas.
4. Providing …………………………… care for sick people is a basic human right.
E. FILL IN EACH GAP WITH APPROPRIATE WORD FROM THE LIST.
1. Renewable …………………………. can help protect the environment.
diversity – ecology – energy
2. The teacher told us that every student should have an email………………….. .
gap – account – number

F. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH APPROPRIATE WORDS FROM THE LIST.

1. One way to sustain ………………………………….. is to use renewable energies.
immigration – development – donation
2. Health ………………………….. is one of the priorities of the new president.
public – care – result
3. Our local …………………………………. has launched a project to build a stadium.
opportunity – care – place – community – equal
4. Many people in the countryside now have …………………. to water and electricity.
 Vocabuary: Sustainabe Deveopment.

care – subject – gap – attention – access

5. A good educational system provides ………………………….. opportunities for all students.
good - rural – equal

G. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE APPRPRIATE WORDS FROM THE LIST.
digital – rights – community – equal – gap – subject
The new project is designed to help the local ……………………………… to build new schools.
It surely provide ………………………………. opportunities for girls and boys to benefit from primary education, which is one of
the basic human …………………………………..

H. FILL IN EACH GAP WITH AN APPROPRIATE WORD.

access – rural – thinking – place – system – formal
1. One of the characteristics of a good educational ……………………………………………. is its ability to encourage critical
…………………………………….. in students.
2. Nowadays many people have …………………………………. to the Internet, even those living in ……………………….. areas.

I. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH APPROPRIATE WORDS FROM THE LIST.

schools – care – technical – poverty – projects – community
Helix International is a non-governmental organisation. It aims at reducing …………………….. in the developing world by
running a number of ……………………… These include building roads and health ………………………. centres.

J. GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE WORDS IN BRACKETS.

Morocco’s (invest) …………………………… in (renew) …………………………………. energies has proved to be (benefit)
…………………………………… for the economy and the environment. This is a good example of (sustain)
……………………………………………. development.

K. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE.

VERBS NOUNS
invest ……………………….
criticise ………………………
develop ………………………
illustrate ………………………..
assist ……………………..
grow ………………………..
preserve ………………………..

L. PUT THE WORDS BETWEEN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT FORMS.

1. Moroccan (invest) ………………..……………. in renewable energy is a leading example in Africa.
2. The government needs to invest more in the (industry) ……………….………..………. sector.
3. Some people (criticism) ……………………………….. the government’s actions against corruption.
4. Developing (renew) ………………………….. energy is among the priorities of the Moroccan government.
5. UN officials are concerned about the fast population (grow) ……………………………. in developing countries.
6. The teacher gave three examples to (illustration) …..…………………… the concept of sustainble development.
7. Education is a very important factor in a country’s (develop) ……………………….
8. We can’t start tour community project if we don’t get any (finance) ……………………………….. aid.
FUNCTIONS: EXPRESSING CAUSE AND EFFECT
A. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE.
Adjectives Nouns
Poor Poverty
Beautiful …………………………
Hardworking ………………………….
Sick ……………….………..
Illness
Intelligent ………………………..
Tired ……………………….

I / EXPRESSING CAUSE:
-Look at the following example:
e.g: Jack didn’t go to school. He was sick. (Jack didn’t go to school, why?)
-There are many ways to join these two sentences and answer the question above:
1) because / since / as + subject + verb
 Jack didn’t go to school because he was sick.
 Jack didn’t go to school since he was sick.
 Jack didn’t go to school as he was sick.
Or
Because he was sick, Jack didn’t go to school.
Since he was sick, Jack didn’t go to school.
As he was sick, Jack didn’t go to school.
*Remember: we use because / since / as + Subject + Verb

2) because of / due to / owing to / thanks to + Noun / v-ing

 Jack didn’t go to school because of sickness. / being sick.
 Jack didn’t go to school due to sickness.
 *Jack passed the exam thanks to his intelligence.
 Jack didn’t go to school because of the fact that he was sick.
*Note: we use “thanks to’’ in positive situations only.
*Remember: we use because of / due to / owing to/ thanks to + Noun /v-ing

Other ways to express cause:

… is caused by … / … is due to … / … results from …
 Air pollution is caused by smokes from cars and factories.
 Ail pollution results from smokes from cars and factories.
FUNCTIONS: EXPRESSING CAUSE AND EFFECT
II / EXPRESSING EFFECT:
-The most common expressions used with effect are therefore, consequently, as a result, as a consequence, for
this reason, that’s why, thus, so.
 It was raining. Therefore, I stayed at home.
 I didn’t prepare well. Consequently, I didn’t get my Bac.
 I made many efforts at school. As a result, I got the first mark in class.
 It was snowing a lot. For this reason, we stayed at home.
 I had a car accident; that’s why I arrived late to work.
 Laura was sick, so she decided not to go to work yesterday.

Other ways to express effect:

… results in… / … causes… (verbs)
 Poor education causes illiteracy.
 Poor education resulats in illiteracy.

PRACTICE
A. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE RIGHT WORDS FROM THE LIST.
1. We could not connect to the internet last night ……………………….. technical problems.
because – because of – consequently
2. ……………….. the test was difficult, I didn’t get a good mark.
because – due to – as a result
3. Ali had to stay in hospital …………………………….. his serious illness.
due to – therefore - since
4. Shelley practised well for her driving test ; ………………………………… she passed it easily.
that’s why – as - since
5. ……………………I played videogames a lot yesterday, my eyes hurt now.
because– thus – owing to
6. I couldn’t drive my car to work ……………………….…… the fog.
because – because of - since
B. REWRITE THE SENTENCES AS SUGGESTED. (Taken from National Exams)
1. Taoufik had family problems. He couldn’t concentrate on his work. (because of)
…………………………………………………………………………….
2. The meeting was cancelled. The manager was sick. (because of)
………………………………………………………………………
3. The show was postponed. There were some technical problems. (due to)
………………………………………………………………………….
4. Lisa is getting fat. She eats unhealthy food. (as a result)
…………………………………………………………………
5. Neil couldn’t attend the wedding party. He was ill. (because of)
…………………………………………………………………………………….
6. Mr Ferguson’s car broke down on the way. He was late for work. (because)
………………………………………………………………………….
7. They had to stop the match. There were a lot of hooligans.
Because of ………………………………………………………
8. Hind got the first prize. She made great efforts. (thanks to)
………………………………………………………………
9. The children were exhausted after the trip. They went to bed immediately. (that’s why)
……………………………………………………………………………….
10. The smiths didn’t send their daughter to university as they couldn’t pay for her studies.
Because ………………………………………………………………………………..
 GRAMMAR: FUTURE PERFECT

A. WORK IN PAIRS AND SAY WHAT TENSE THESE SENTENCES EXPRESS.

1. “I had a pizza for dinner last night.”
2. “I will have a pizza for dinner.”
3. “I am going to have a pizza for dinner.”
B. LOOK AT THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLES AND MARK THE ACTIONS IN THE TIMELINE.
1. “I will go to school at 9:00.”
2. “My father will come home at 9:30.”
Past Present Future

C. WORK IN PAIRS AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION.

Will I see my father when he comes home? Why?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………….

D. LOOK AT THE EXAMPLE ABOVE AND COMPLETE THE TABLE WITH THE FORMS OF
MAKING THE FUTURE PERCT.

+ - ?
S + will + ……………..….. S + will not + …………….………. will + S + ……………….… ?

E. SAY TRUE OR FALSE:

1. We use the future perfect to talk about an action that will happen in the future.
2. We use the future perfect to talk about an action that happened and finished in the past.
3. We use the future perfect to talk about an action that will be finished before another
action or a specific time in the future.

F. CIRCLE THE RIGHT RESPONSES:

1. James: Can I see you at 6: 00 this evening?
John: Sorry, I can’t. I will still be at work at that time.
James: What about 7:00?
Johm: That would be fine, I ………………………………………. work by then.
a. will have finished work b. I will finish work c. I am going to have finished

2. Teacher: Have you submitted your homework assignment?

Student: Not yet, teacher. I’m still working on it.
Teacher: What are you waiting for? The deadline is getting close!
Student: I ……………….………………….. next Monday.
a. will submit it b. will have submitted it c. will have submit it
 GRAMMAR: FUTURE PERFECT

PRACTICE:
A. PUT THE VERBS BETWEEN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT FORMS OF THE FUTURE PERFECT.
1. By this time next week, Younes (join) ……………………………. the summer camp in Ifrane.
2. By the end of July, we (finish) …………………………. all our exams.
1. Hi Tom,
I’m in Ouarzazate now. I (come) …………………… here four days ago after I (visit) ……………………
Marrakech. I hope by the end of next week, I (discover) …………………..…..……. most of the wonderful places
in the South.
2. My parents (move) ……………… ……….. to the city before I was born. By the end of 2012, we (live)
…………………………. here for 20 years.
3. Chorouk (start) ………………………. singing three years ago. Since then, she has participated in many
competitions. By the end of next year she (release) ……………………………….. her first video clip.
4. By the end of 2015, the government (complete) ……………….……………….. the first part of the housing
project.
5. My daughter is studying biology at university. By next September, she (obtain) ……………………………
……………………………………. her master’s degree.
6. The wind is very strong. By the time the firefighters arrive, the fire (destroy) …………………………. the whole
building.
7. Leila : What about having dinner together tonight?
Nada: It’s a good idea. Let’s meet at 7:30. I (finish) ………………………….. work by then.
8. We started painting the house yesterday. We (paint) …………………………………………………… the living room and
the kitchen by tomorrow afternoon.

B. LOOK AT SARA’S PLAN FOR NEXT WEEK AND COMPLETE THE PARAGRAPH BELOW.

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Go to the Attend my Buy new Have lunch Clean the

---------------
gym Spanish class clothes with my family house

By next Sunday, Sara will ……………………….……………………......... . Moreover, she ……………………………………

……………………… . Besides, …………………………………..…………….. . Also, ……………………………………………… . Finally,
……………………………………………………… .
C. NOW, USE THE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPH TO TALK ABOUT YOUR FUTURE LIFE.

By the age of 70, I …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………….....................................
……………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………….
………………………………….. .
WRITING: A Formal Letter/e-mail
1. READ THE FOLLOWING LETTER AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.
a) Subject: Job application for the position of English teacher

b) Dear Sir / Madam Headmaster of Newton International School,

c) I have seen your advertisement for the English teacher position on Facebook and I am writing to
express my interest in the role. With a strong background in English literature and a passion for
teaching, I am excited to contribute to the academic success of your students.

d) My qualifications and experience match your requirements as I have both a Bachelor’s and a
Master’s degree in English literature. Besides, I have been an English teacher in the public sector
for 5 years now. In addition, I possess skills in integrating modern technology in the classroom,
designing lessons plans, and organizing extracurricular activities such as school clubs.

e) I have attached my CV for your review. If you need any more information, contact me at 06 00 00
00 00 or via e-mail at: [email protected]

f) Thank you for your consideration.

Yours sincerely,

Ahmed Madani

2. FILL IN THE CHART WITH INFORMATION FROM THE LETTER:

Name Ahmed Madani
The job
Name of the school
Educational background
Professional experience
Skills
Documents attached

3. COMPLETE THE CHART WITH THE CORRECT PARTS FROM THE LETTER.
Subject line a
Salutation
Opening paragraph
Body paragraph
Closing paragraph
Closing and signature
WRITING: A Formal Letter/e-mail
4. Read the following advertisement for a job. What is the job? Where is it?

Safir Hotel
Wants a receptionist
 Do you have experience in hotel management?
 Can you speak any foreign languages?
 Are you computer literate?
Please write to: Jamal Idrissi, Manager.
Safir Hotel
17 Hassan II avenue, Mohammedia
or e-mail: [email protected]

5. Hanane is interested in the job. Read the information about her. Do you think she matches the job
requirements?
Personal information Hanane Jaafari, 26
Education  Bac certificate
 degree in hotel management.
Professional  waitress in Farouk’s restaurant
experience  hotel receptionist in Ibis Hotel
Skills  can speak French and English
 use the computer

6. Look at Hanane’s e-mail and complete it with information from the table.
From: [email protected]
Subject: Job Application

Dear Mr. Idrissi,

I am writing to apply for the job of ………………………… in your hotel.

My name is ……………………………………….……. I am ………. years old and I live in Mohammedia. I have

enough educational background for the job you are offering because I have a ………………………
…………………………………….. and a ……………………………………………………………… . Regarding my experience,
I have worked as a ………………………………………………………………..…………… and as a
…………………………….…...........……………………………………………………….. . Through my education and
professional experiences I acquired a lot of skills. For instance, I …………………………………………………
…………………………………… and I can …………………………………….……………………… .

I have attached my CV for more details.

Thank you for your consideration.

Yours sincerely,

Hanane Jaafari
WRITING: A Formal Letter/e-mail
7. You have seen the following advertisement on a website. (BAC EXAM – HUMANITIES 2021)
Summer Jobs
We need people to work in our restaurant as waiters, cooks, and cleaners.
If you are interested, write an e-mail to: [email protected]
Mr. Naji is the manager of the restaurant. Write an e-mail to apply for one of the jobs.
Include: personal information, qualifications, work experience, personal skills and interests.

(1) Dear Mr. Naji,

(2) I am writing to apply for the job of a …………………………………………… .

I am ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………… .

(3) ……………………………………………………… .

(4) ……………………………………,

(1) Starting the letter (greeting)  Dear sir / madam,

 Dear Mr …. / Dear Mrs … / Dear ms … + surname
 Dear Editor,
(2) Giving reason  I’m interested in the job of ……
 I’m writing to apply for the position of …
 I am writing in connection with ……
 I am writing with regard to …
 With reference to ….
 In reply to your ...
(3) Closing remarks  I look forward to hearing for you.
 I hope I can hear from you soon.
 If you have any further questions, please contact
me.
 Thank you very much for your consideration.
(4) Ending the letter / e-mail  Yours sincerely,
 Yours faithfully,