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Constructing a Conceptual Framework on Integrating the Asma ul Husna

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 LECTURE NOTES IN
ISLAMIC SCIENCES AND
TECHNOLOGY

Editors :
Hamzah Asyrani Sulaiman
Mohd Azlishah Othman
Mohd Shakir Md Saat
Abd Majid Darsono
Ahmad Naim Che Pee
Mohd Fairuz Iskandar Othman
Yahaya Abd Rahim
Mai Mariam Mohamed Aminuddin
Mohamad Harris Misran
Copyright © 2019 by Malaysia Technical Scientist Association

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Lecture Notes in Islamic Sciences and Technology

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 PREFACE
This e-book presents selected papers from the Symposium on Islamic Sciences
and Technology 2018, that was conducted from 22nd to 24th January 2018 in
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It focuses on the advancement of theory and
practical implementation of engineering technology and sciences evolution
in Islamic perspective. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to
the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to
meet and share cutting-edge development in the field. This e-book will serve
as a valuable reference resource for academics and researchers across the
globe.

WELCOME MESSAGE
It was gratifying to all of us when the response for SISTECH'18 is overwhelming
as the technical committees received more than 50 submissions. All submitted
papers are then peer-reviewed, revised according to the reviewers' comments
and ultimately 14 papers were accepted for publication in this e-book.
Relations between religion and science entered a new phase after the
development of information technology. Acceleration and expansion offered
by information technology have developed in such a way that it affects
human existence and how to do things in ways that were not thought of
before. The progress implies that many of the existing understandings, social
practices and norms are in a position of necessity to contest, adapt, and even
change.

This open access e-book can be viewed or downloaded via

https://maltesas.my/msys/explore. We hope that this e-book will serve as a
valuable reference for researchers.

As the Editor-in-Chief, I would like to express our gratitude to the fellow review
members for their effort in reviewing the submitted papers for this e-book. I also
would like to say special thanks to all the authors for promptly revising their
papers according to the requirements.

Thank you.

Mohd Azlishah Othman

Editor-in-Chief

ii
 EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
Editors
Hamzah Asyrani Sulaiman
Mohd Azlishah Othman
Mohd Shakir Md Saat
Abd Majid Darsono
Ahmad Naim Che Pee
Mohd Fairuz Iskandar Othman
Yahaya Abd Rahim
Mai Mariam Mohamed Aminuddin
Mohamad Harris Misran

Reviewers
Abdul Kadir Othman - Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam, Malaysia
Alireza Ghasempour - University of Applied Science and Technology, Iran
Azlina Md. Yassin - University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia
Baichuan Zhang - Purdue University, USA
Chady El Moucary - Notre Dame University, Lebanon
Choo Kim Tan - MMU, Malaysia
Chutisant Kerdvibulvech - National Institute of Development Administration,
Thailand
Dirman Hanafi - Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia
Eduardo Pinos - Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador
Eliana Werbin - Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Argentina
Erma Suryani - ITS, Indonesia
Fairul Azhar Abdul Shukor - Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia
Faiz Zulkifli - Universiti Teknologi Mara, Malaysia
George Suciu - Politehnica University of Bucharest, Romania
Hasimah Mohamed - Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia

iii
Houbing Song - Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, USA
Hyunbum Kim - University of North Carolina at Wilmington, USA
Ibiwani Hussain - Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation,
Malaysia
Jason Zurawski - Energy Sciences Network, USA
Jiachyi Wu - National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan
Krishna Battula - Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, India
M Iqbal Saripan - UPM, Malaysia
Md. Shohel Sayeed - Multimedia University, Malaysia
Mohammad Faiz Liew Abdullah - Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM),
Malaysia
Mohd Azlan Mohd Ishak - Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
Mohd Hudzari Haji Razali - Universiti Teknologi MARA Melaka, Malaysia
Montadar Taher - University of Diyala, Iraq
Muhammad Hafidz Fazli Bin Md Fauadi - Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka,
Malaysia
Mu-Song Chen - Electrical Engineering, Da-Yeh University, Taiwan
Narkedamilly Leelavathy - Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, India
Noureddine Hassini - University of Mostaganem, Algeria
Paulo Tibúrcio Pereira - Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Brazil
Philip Moore - Lanzhou University, P.R. China
Pin-Yu Chen - AI Foudations, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, USA
Rahmat Sanudin - Universiti Tun Hussien Onn Malaysia, Malaysia
Robert Szabolcsi - Óbuda University, Hungary
Roberto Carlos Herrera Lara - National Polytechnic School, Ecuador
Rosaura Palma-Orozco - Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
Rostyslav Sklyar - Independent Professional, Ukraine
Shakir Saat - Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia
Shilpa Mehta - FACULTY, India
Smain Femmam - University UHA, France

iv
Syafii Ghazali - University of Andalas, Indonesia
Thy Ling - UCTS, Malaysia
Tomonobu Senjyu - Faculty of Engneering, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
Urachart KoKaew - Khon Kaen University, Thailand
Wei Wei - Xi'an University of Technology, P.R. China
Wissam Mallouli - Montimage, France
Xiongwei Xie - University of North Carolina at CHARLOTTE, USA
Yi-Jen Su - Shu-Te University, Taiwan
Yin Li - USF, USA
Zahéra Mekkioui - University of tlemcen, Algeria
Zhengyu Peng - Texas Tech University, USA
Zoran Stevic - University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty Bor, Serbia
Zul Bohari - Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Editorial ……………………………………………………………………………………... ii
Table of Contents ……………………………………………………….……...……...... vi
Articles ……………………………………………………………………………………... 1

NO TITLE AUTHORS WITH AFFILIATION PAGE

Does Working Memory Evi Hurriyati (Universitas Padjajaran; Binus 1-5

Capacity as the Best Predictor University, Indonesia); Efi Fitriana
in the Speed of Memorizing (Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia);
1
Qur'an than IQ? the Factors Surya Cahyadi (Universitas Padjajaran,
That Affect Working Memory Indonesia); Wilis Srisayekti (Universitas
Capacity Padjadjaran, Indonesia)

6 -9
Azman Ismail (Universiti Kuala Lumpur
Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering
Technology, Malaysia); Mokhtar Awang
(Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia);
Determination of Hardness
Fauziah Ab Rahman and Megat Khalid
Distribution in Friction Stir
2 Puteri Zarina (Universiti Kuala Lumpur
Welded Pipe Joint by Statistical
Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering
Analysis
Technology, Malaysia); Bakhtiar Ariff
Baharudin (Universiti Teknologi Petronas,
Malaysia); Darulihsan Abdul Hamid
(Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)

10 -14
Nor Ziratul Aqma Norzaman (Universiti
Constructing a Conceptual Putra Malaysia (UPM) & Universiti
Framework on Integrating the Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Malaysia);
3
Asma Ul Husna Values into the Khairul Aidil Azlin Abd Rahman, Nor'atiah
Conventional Design Process Ismail and Mohd Yazid Mohd Yunos
(Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia)

15 - 20
Khalid Hasnan and Qadir Bakhsh
(Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,
Whole Body Vibration Exposure Malaysia); Noor Ahmad Tajedi (Syarikat
on Standing and Seated Prasarana Negara Berhad, Malaysia);
4
Passengers During Peak Aqeel Ahmed and Danish Ali (Universiti
Operation in KL Monorail Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia); Ali Raza
Jamali (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn
Malaysia, Malaysia)

vi
 21 - 26
Setyabudi Indartono and Sudiyatno
Fuzzy VRIO and THES Based Sudiyatno (Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta,
5 Model of University Competitive Indonesia); Ferry Wahyu Wibowo
Advantage (Universitas AMIKOM Yogyakarta,
Indonesia)

27 - 32
Sami Abdulla Mohsen Saleh (University of
Monitoring of Motion
Sains Malaysia, Malaysia); Haidi Ibrahim
6 Collectiveness During Hajj a
and Shahrel Azmin Suandi (Universiti Sains
Case Study on A Lane Crowd
Malaysia, Malaysia)

33 - 38
Mohd Nizam Lani and Nurul Ain Shohor
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) as Malaysia); Rozila Alias (Universiti Selangor
7 an Alternative Biocidal Agent & Institute of Bio-IT, Malaysia); Zaiton
Against Vibrio in Raw Shrimps Hassan (Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia,
Malaysia); Fajriah Salleh (Terengganu
Health Department, Malaysia)

Principal School 39 - 44
Muhammadiyah:
Implementation of School- Jaenudin Jaenudin (University of State
8
Based Management on Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia)
Decision Making and Education
Services

Syarah Munirah Mohd Zailani 45 -50

Arabic Words Pose Estimation (International Islamic University of
9 Using Infinitesimal Plane-Based Malaysia, Malaysia); Malik Arman Morshidi
Pose Estimation (International Islamic University Malaysia,
Malaysia)

51 - 55
Comparing the Recitation of
Ibrahim Taib and Mohd Zulfaezal Che
Quranic Verses and Their Latin-
10 Azemin (International Islamic University
based Translation Using Eye
Malaysia, Malaysia)
Tracking Technology

Halal-Green Management Fadzila Ahmad (Universiti Sains Malaysia, 56 - 61

11
Model: What and Why? Malaysia)

62 - 65
Complexity Analysis of Quranic Ibrahim Taib and Mohd Zulfaezal Che
12 Chapters for Word Cloud Azemin (International Islamic University
Generation Malaysia, Malaysia)

vii
 66 - 70
Norsiah Fauzan (University of Malaysia
QEEG Study on Reading Arabic Sarawak, Malaysia); Muhammad Sophian
13 and Malay Language: ( Case Nazaruddin, Merikan Aren, Ida Juliana
Study) Hutasuhut and Ahmad Sofian Shminan
(Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia)

71 - 78
Hazleen Aris (Universiti Tenaga Nasional,
Innovative Application of
Malaysia); Aishah Faridah Abu Mansur
14 Crowdsourcing in Asnaf
(DHL IT Services, Malaysia); Zailani Ibrahim
Identification
(Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia)

viii
 Constructing a Conceptual Framework on
Integrating the Asma ul Husna Values into
the Conventional Design Process
Nor Ziratul Aqma binti Norzaman1&2, Khairul Aidil Azlin Abd Rahman1&*, Nor’atiah Ismail1, and Mohd Yazid
Mohd Yunos1
1 Faculty of Design & Architecture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2 Faculty of Innovative Design & Technology, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu,
Malaysia

Nowadays, most industrial designers utilise secular design approach in designing products by
implementing user-centred approach, which focuses on profit maximisation and human satisfaction.
This practice is found to be not assimilated and contradicting with religion-oriented approach. It can
also be considered incomplete because it only concentrates on duniawi. Unconsciously, the idea of
fulfilling human wants and needs leave industrial designers with no option but to prioritise
consumers over Allah. At the same time, they unintentionally encourage consumers to keep on
seeking worldly paradise. This is contradicting with Islamic thoughts and practices. Therefore, there
is a need to provide a guideline for designers by constructing a conceptual framework on integrating
the Asma ul Husna values into the conventional design process for the benefit of the ummah. As an
overview, this paper provides arguments about the significance to re-orientate the conventional
design process based on Islamic perspective of view. Infusion of Islamic knowledge by integrating
the Asma ul Husna values believed to be the best solution, as guideline in nurturing holistic and
excellent designers who not only excel in duniawi but ukhrawi as well.
Keywords: Religion-oriented Approach, Industrial Design, Design Process, and Conceptual
Framework.

1. INTRODUCTION paradise. Encouraging customers to pursue

satisfaction through materials will turn them
Currently, a majority of designers implement into the slaves of the marketing firms. (Saeed,
the user-oriented approach, which originates Mohammad; Ahmed, Zafar U; Mukhtar, 2001)
from secular or Western marketing strategies. and (Ahmad Azrin Adnan, 2013; El-Bassiouny,
This approach under this strategy found to be 2014; Saeed, Mohammad; Ahmed, Zafar U;
contradicted and incomplete based on Islamic Mukhtar, 2001) considered it as inadequate, a
perspective of view. failure, and incomplete according to Islamic
Emphasis on centralising consumer by trying aspirations because of their emphasis on
to fulfil consumers’ want and need in providing shallow and narrow senses.
good design product simultaneously left no Most importantly, they fail to serve as a
option for industrial designer prioritises meaningful guidance for ethical benchmark.
consumer over Allah, which is found to be From Islamic perspective, Allah repeatedly
contradicting in Islam. Alserhan (2010) reminds us in Quran that value of dunia
asserted, in Islam, all actions are judged by the compared to akhirat is very miniscule. Thus it
believers’ intention (nawaitu/niat) behind their is crucial to provide a new Islamic-oriented
action. Therefore, it is timely to re-orientate the approach guideline to the industrial designer in
existing design approach by assimilate Islamic order to help designer gain benefit in this world
knowledge in design practice. Then, it will as well as for hereafter.
accountable as good deed and a part of worship
to Allah without offending Muslim designer. 2. METHODOLOGY
Furthermore, secular approach in design can
be considered as incomplete because it only Fig.1. illustrate process and methodology utilised
covered duniawi aspect only and tend to in constructing a conceptual framework on
encourage consumer in seeking worldly integrating the Asma ul Husna values into the

10
Conventional Design process. guideline based on Islamic perspective of view,
try to assimilate between spiritualism and
Phas human materialism; balancing duniawi and
1.Problem e1 ukhrawi for benefit of ummah.
Identification
Utilizing conventional 3.1 IMPORTANCE OF BALANCING
design approach in DUNIAWI AND UKHRAWI
How can we
Lead user Designer
materializin apply user
provide As noted in introduction section, the secular
guideline design approach can be considered incomplete
g in oriented
for because all of its positive implications only
consumeris approach
designers
m and seek instead of based on
cover the duniawi. As shown in Fig. 2., Kamali
after kerana
Islamic (2015) stressed the importance of not getting
Propose Solution obsessed with only one side of the equation in
integrate Asma ul Husna Islam, either duniawi or ukhrawi. The believers
Values into conventional
design process
have to aim to achieve balance between the two
aspects, which is similar to the religiosity
Construct Main Research Question, viewpoint and the concept of wasatiyyah.
Research Questions (R.Q) and The term “wasatiyyah” is derived from an
Research Objectives (R.O) Arabic word “wasat” which means middle, fair,
Conduct Phase
just, and moderate. Omer (2015) described that
Preliminary these milieu and setting convey Islam as a
2. Literature Conceptual religion of peace, moderation, and impartiality;
Review
Review on Asma Framework on not extremism, prejudice, and intolerance.
ul Husna, Integrating Asma
Conventional ul Husna Values
Design Approach, into the MATERIALISM

Design in Islamic Conventional

Concepts:
-Idealism, relativism
Fig. 1. Process in Constructing Conceptual - Profit maximization
Framework through
customer satisfaction

3. LITERATURE REVIEW

Conventional design approach at this duniawi ukhrawi

moment utilize secular design approach, only Fig. 2. Conventional Design Approach
focuses on profit maximisation while being full
with idealism and relativism concepts. It tends Alternatively, wasatiyyah refers to a concept
to lead consumers to materialism in of moderation, which is an essential concept
consumption. that Muslims need to grasp and practice
These marketers completely understand that constantly in their daily life. Notably,
humans feel satisfied and content through moderation is one of the main characteristics of
materialism (Richins & Dawson, 1992; Ryan & Islam and is synonymous to an excellent
Dziurawiec, 2001) as humans can be Muslim as mention in following Quranic verse;
categorised into two groups, namely materialist
and non-materialist (Sirgy, 1998). “Balance and moderation, also implying
Unfortunately, from the Islamic perspective, being exemplary- “We have made you a
as mentioned by Kadirov (2014), self-interest median global community, in order that you
and greed in vying for worldly wealth are may serve as a testimony/ example to
abhorrent perspectives that have been rejected humanity.” (Quran 2:149)
for centuries by Quran and Sunnah.
Undeniably, customer-focus strategy is
practical as it is able to gain market demand and Wani (2015) added that Islam is the only
raise brand equity easily (Churchill & religion that outlines the life in this world and
Surprenant, 1982; Hersh MA, 2010; Karadeniz, the hereafter in a moderate and proper way. It
2010; Keith, 1960). However, designers play a strikes a balance between the requirements of
vital role in producing good design for the spirit and the requirements of material, or
consumers. So why don’t we provide a between human materialism and spiritualism.

11
 finesse of the design itself are able to entice
Muslims’ heart to remember Allah by praising
Him and saying “Subhanallah”. Hence, the arts
MATERIALIS SPIRITUALISM can still be considered as noble and to have
M
Concepts: ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS good intention as they ignite their audiences to
WORLDVIEW PERSONALITY
-Idealism, relativism remember Allah through their design.
Aqidah Worship
- Profit maximisation Tauhidic / God
through customer Life purpose /
-Allah
-Other Other researcher as an example, Haque and
satisfaction consciousness creation
Keshavarzi (2014) implemented Asma ul Husna
in spiritual healing nature. The recitation of
Asma ul Husna considered as one form of
remembrance, particularly on the names
duniawi ukhrawi (attributes) of Allah is able to “feed” one’s soul
and hence, it is believed to be able to cure
Fig. 3. Wasatiyyah in Design someone with heart illness.
Similarly to discovery found by Dr Ibrahim
In order to maintain the equilibrium between
Karim who was a biologist; every name of
duniawi and ukhrawi, infusion of the
Allah has healing power that results in
spiritualism aspect in the secular design
improvement for several diseases when the
approach is believed to be the best solution.
patient mentioned or recited the name of Allah.
This is vital to provide a beneficial guideline
The same notion applies in therapy or
for the industrial designers in effort to achieve
Islamic counselling practices. In their paper,
excellence for the ummah.
Zakaria and Mat Akhir (2017) highlighted the
Sometimes, these trivial aspects are
basic model introduced by Professor Wan
overlooked but they may astray the ummah
Maseri Wan Mohd. The model suggests that a
from the right path according to the religion. As
person who faces a trying situation or problem
a result, these issues demonstrate a gap and a
is advised to implement zikr with 99 holy
need to reassess, re-evaluate, and reorient the
names of Allah the Almighty in their prayer
approaches used by the industrial designers
(doa).
today.
Meanwhile, in marketing, El-Bassiouny
(2016) anticipated stipulated that spiritual
3.2 PAST STUDIES ON ASMA UL HUSNA involvement through the embodiment of Asma
ul Husna and by maintaining God
Only few studies exist on the implementation consciousness empower believers to reduce the
of Asma ul Husna in humans’ life. Its psychological gap between the individualistic
application in the industrial design field has not intention and predict the inclination of the
been explored; therefore, it is timely to integrate collectivist desire. Similar to the following
Asma ul Husna values into the design process. Quranic verse;
Generally, past researchers always associate
and apply Asma ul Husna for healing purposes, “Those who believed, and whose hearts find
restricted as visual adornment and still remain satisfaction in the remembrance of Allah
untouched in industrial design area. (swt): for without doubt in remembrance of
In designs, especially in architecture, Asma Allah do hearts find satisfaction.” (Ar-Rad
ul Husna is regularly translated into visual 13:28)
forms such as calligraphy, interior adornment,
and exterior decoration. For example, it can be This is achieved by nurturing individual’s
found in the Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin moderation in consumption and prioritisation in
Mosque, Putrajaya, which is also known as the buying. The believers are advocated to buy only
Iron Mosque. The mosque’s interior is what is needed, to not buy beyond their means,
decorated with Asma ul Husna calligraphy and and to be grateful and pleased with Allah’s
the skyway showcases landscaping adapted bounty (Ash-Shakour). This is due to,
from the ancient castle of Alhambra. knowledge of Asma ul Husna encourages a
Even though in architecture, Asma ul Husna sense of fear towards unlawful acts and
is mainly expressed in visual and decoration prohibits misconduct in the decision-making
forms, the beauty of the workmanship and the process, thus, leads towards sustainability (El-
bassiouny, 2016).

12
 As the vicegerents (khalifah) of Allah on equip themselves with knowledge of human
Earth, the believers are advised to implement materialism and spiritual aspects. This is in
Asma ul Husna in every aspects of their life and order to shape themselves as holistic designers
considered as greatest deed as mention in with good values who are able to balance
Quran, Surah 29, verse 45. ukhrawi and duniawi. Their journey to gain
knowledge is not limited to becoming good
“The remembrance of Allah (swt) is the designers who produce excellent design. Rather,
greatest deed” it encompasses their responsibility in terms of
sense of duty towards the Creator and other
Apart from that, El-Bassiouny (2014) creations in this world. It is the matter of
highlighted that maintaining good Religious Personality, which entails values that
consciousness by remembering Asma ul Husna an excellent designer should possess based on
is the main purpose of all aspects in our life and the Islamic point of view.
it can be considered as a form of worship to Jusnaidi & Zuhdi, (2015) described Muslims
Allah. as the vice-regents (khalifah) in this world. It is
Asma ul Husna embodies the concept of compulsory for every khalifah to demonstrate
tauhid that is described as the consciousness of leadership; as they are trusted (amanah) by
the oneness of Allah as the only source of Allah. In that particular case, excellent
knowledge that has the ability to save humanity designers in Islamic perspective should have
and foster excellent ummah as mentioned in knowledge of Islamic Worldview.
Quran; Surah 8, verse 45: With the idea of tauhid, they must try their
best to reorient every action and move towards
“Remember Allah abundantly, in order Asma ul Husna. At the same time, they need to
that you become successful” practise Islamic Law to preserve the Shariah
objectives. As every action taken is accountable
Omer (2011) defined tauhid as the concept of by the Creator and can be considered as doing
monotheism and opined that understanding the good deeds (ihsan), this is believed to be
concept is really crucial but it also gives a beneficial not only for the designers but also to
unique identity to Islamic civilisation and able other creations as well. Additionally, it
to bind all constituents together, making them promotes sustainable development in every
integral, harmonious, and supportive to each aspect of life.
other to serve the ontological purposes (Ali, Nevertheless, the implementation of
2006). Therefore, effort in integrating Asma ul Wasatiyyah in design must not only be inclined
Husna values into conventional design process towards the spiritualism aspect. Holistic
should not be neglected and assimilation in the designers should improve and upgrade their
design practise believed to be beneficial for skills in Design Knowledge and their
mankind. Competency in the modern facilities that are
available at present. This applies especially in
4. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Information and Communications
Technology (ICT) and other related
Technology, which aid to produce outstanding
designs for products.
All of these philosophies or principles are the
notion of nurturing holistic excellent industrial
designers. They provide a platform for Muslim
designers to fulfil their duty competently while
providing excellent designs for the benefit of
the ummah as Allah’s khalifah.

5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

Fig. 4. Conceptual Framework Principally, infusion and incorporation of

The conceptual framework is illustrated in Fig. the Asma ul Husna values are able to equip
industrial designers with Islamic knowledge in
3. Basically, it proposes that designers need to
their practices. This is essential and crucial, as it

13
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