[1]
KHAN G.S. RESEARCH CENTRE
Kisan Cold Storage, Sai Mandir, Musallahpur Hatt, Patna-6
Mob. : 8877918018, 8757354880
Time : 8 to 9 PM PHYSICS
UNIT & DIMENSION (iv) (System of International)
;g MKS dk gh foLr`r :i gSµ
mQtkZ rFkk nzO; ds chp vkilh laca/ dk vè;;u
HkkSfrdh dgykrk gSA lu~ 1971 bZú esa Úkal dh jktèkkuh isfjl esa eki rkSy foHkkx ds
2
varjk"Vªh; vfèkos'ku esa S.I i¼fr dks ekU;rk feyh A S.I. iz.kkyh
[ c = Speed = 3 × 10 8]
ds vk/kj ij 7 ewY; jkf'k;k¡ gSaA ftuds fy, 7 ewy ek=kd gSA 'ks"k
Q. 1 kg inkFkZ esa mQtkZ Kkr djsa& ek=kd bUgha ewy ek=kdksa ls cus gksrs gSaA mu 'ks"k ek=kdksa dks O;qRiu
E = mc2
ek=kd dgrs gSaA
= 1 × ( 3 × 108)2
= 9 × 1016 Joule
fdlh Hkh HkkSfrd jkf'k dks O;Dr djus ds fy, ek=kd rFkk
ifj.kke nksukas dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
1. ewy ek=kd 2. lEiwjd ek=kd
(Basic unit) (Supplementry unit)
bldh la[;k 7 gksrh gS A bldh la[;k 2 gksrh gS A
1. (Basic Unit) :
1. yackbZ (Length) Metre m [L]
2. æO;eku (Mass) Kilogram Kg [M]
3. le; (Time) Second s [T]
4. rkieku (Temperature) Kelvin k [K]
(i)
5. èkkjk (Current) Ampere A [A]
6. T;ksfr rhozrk Candela Cd [C]
(Luminous intensity)
bls fczfV'k i¼fr dgrs gSa A
7. inkFkZ dh ek=kk mole mol
(ii)
(Amount of Substance)
lHkh iz.kkyh esa le; dk ek=kd lsds.M (s) gksrk gSA
Remark : jsfM;u rFkk LVsjsfM;u iwjd ek=kd gSA jsfM;u dks
bls Úsap ;k feVªhd i¼fr dgrs gSa A dks.k esa ekirs gSa rFkk LVsjsfM;u dks ?ku esa ekirs gSaA
(iii)
lery dks.k (Plane angle) radian rad
Bksl dks.k (Solid angle) Steradian Sr
bls Hkh feVªhd i¼fr dgrs gSa A
(Derived Unit) ;s nks ;k nks ls vf/d ewy
ek=kdksa ls feydj cus gksrs gSaA
Mob. : 8877918018, 8757354880 By : Khan Sir
[2]
m
1. pky (Speed) ms 1 [LT–1]
s
ms
2. Roj.k (Acceleration) = ms–1s–1= ms–2 [LT–2]
s
3. cy (Force) æO;eku × Roj.k kg×ms–2= kg ms–2= N [MLT–2]
4. dk;Z (Work) cy × foLFkkiu kgms–2 × m = kgm2s–2=J [ML2T–2]
m
5. osx (Velocity) [LT–1]
s
6. xfrt mQtkZ (Kinetic energy) ½mv2 kg m2/sec2 [ML2T–2]
7. laosx (Momentum) æO;eku × osx or cy × le; kgms–1 or N – S [MLT–1]
8. vkosx (Impulse) cy × le; kgms–2 × s = kgms–1 [MLT–1]
9. 'kfDr (Power) dk;Z@le; [email protected] ;k okV [ML2T–3]
10. {ks=kiQy (Area) yú × pkSú m × m = m2 [L2]
11. vk;ru (Volume) yú × pkSú × m¡Qú m × m × m = m3 [L3]
kgms
12. nkc (Pressure) = kgms–2m–2 [ML–1T–2]
= kg m–1s–2
13. i`"B ruko kg m s =kgs–2 [MT–2] ;k [ML0T–2]
m
(Surface Tension)
kg
14. ?kuRo (Density) m3 [ML–3] or [ML–3T0]
15. dks.kh; osx ms [T–1] ;k [M0L0T–1]
m
(Angular Velocity)
16. dks.kh; foLFkkiu jsfM;u foekghu jkf'k = [M0L0T0]
(Angular Displacement)
17. cy vk?kw.kZ (Torque) cy × ?kw.kZu v{k ls yEcor nwjh U;wVu&ehVj [ML2T–2]
18. èkkjk ?kuRo fo|qr èkkjk@{ks=kiQy ,fEi;j@ehVj 2 [M0L–2T0I1]
(Current Density)
Mob. : 8877918018, 8757354880 By : Khan Sir
[3]
19. iQYDl (Flux) r = RA/l oscj [ML2T–2I–1]
20. izfrjksèkdrk (Resistivity) vkse ehVj [ML3T–3I–1]
28. xqIr mQ"ek (Latent Heat) mQ"eh; mQtkZ@æO;eku twy@fdxzk- [L2T–2]
21. dks.kh; laosx tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ × dks.kh; osx fdxzk- eh2/lsd.M [ML2T–1]
(Angular Momentum) (I) (w)
22. tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ æO;eku × (ifjHkze.k f=kT;k)2 fdxzk-@eh2 [ML–2]
(Moment of Intertia)
23. Hkkj (Weight) æO;eku × xqjQRoh; Roj.k kgms–2 [MLT–2]
24. xqjQRokd"kZ.k fu;rad cy × (nwjh)2@æO;eku2 U;wVu eh-2@fdxzk2 [M–1L3T–2]
(Gravitational Constant)
25. xqjQRoh; foHko dk;Z@æO;eku twy@fdxzk- [L2T–2]
(Gravitational Potential)
26. ;ax xq .kka d (Young's Modulus) vuqnSè;Z izfrcy@vuqnSè;Z foÑfr U;wVu@eh2 [ML–1T–2]
27. osx izo.krk (Velocity Grediant) osx@nwjh izfr lsd.M [T–1]
28. ';kurk xq.kkad cy@({ks=kiQy × osx izo.krk) U;wVu eh-2@ls- [ML–1T–1]
(Coeffieciant of Viscosity)
29. Iykad fu;rkad (Planks Constant) mQtkZ@vko`fÙk [email protected] [ML2T–1]
30. èkkfjrk (Capacity) vkos'k@foHkokUrj iSQjM [M–1L–2T4A2]
1
31. pkydrk (Conductance) vkse–1 [M–1L–3T3A2]
Example :—
Remarks :
1. V= u + at
dk;Z] mQtkZ] cyk?kw.kZ ds ohek leku gksrh gSA ek=kd ms–1 ms –1 ms–2 × s = ms–1
vkosx laosx dh chek leku gksrh gSA foek [LT –1 ] [LT–1] [LT–1 ]
dksf.k; laosx rFkk Iykad fu;rkad ohek leku gksrh gSA 1 2
2. S= ut + at
nkc] izfrcy] izR;kLFkk dh ohek leku gksrh gSA 2
vkisf{kd ?kuRo] vkisf{kd vknzZrk] ?k"kZ.k xq.kkad] vko/Zu {kerk] ek=kd =m = ms–1 × s = ms–2 × s2
=m =m
fod`fr ek=kdghu rFkk ohekghu jkf'k gSA
foek = [L] = LT–1T =
(Principle of Homogenity) : lekaxrk
= [L] = [L]
ds fl¼kar ds vuqlkj izR;sd in dk ek=kd vkSj foek leku gksrk
gS A
Mob. : 8877918018, 8757354880 By : Khan Sir
[4]
3. (Parsec) : ;g nwjh ekius dh lcls cM+h bdkbZ ekuh
(Prefixes and Symbols for Various Powers of 10)
tkrh gS A
(Prefix) (Symbol) (Power of 10)
Msdk (deca) da 101
gSDVks (hecto) h 102 yEckbZ dk lcls cM+k ek=kd ikjlsd gSA
fdyks (kilo) k 103 100 m
esxk (mega) M 106 gsDVs;j 100 m 1 gsDVs;j
xhxk (giga) G 109
44 xt
Vsjk (tera) T 1012
isVk (peta) P 1015 foX?kk 44 xt 1 foX?kk
,Dlk (exa) E 1018 110 xt
,dM+ 44 xt 1 ,dM+
(Prefix) (Symbol) (Power of 10)
1 xt = 3 iQhV
Mslh (deci) d 10–1
lsUVh (centi) c 10–2 1 pSu = 22 xt
feyh (milli) m 10–3
1 iQyk±x = 10 pSu
ekbØks (micro) µ 10–6
1 ehy = 8 iQyk±x (1.6 km
uSuks (nano) n 10–9
fidks (pico) p 10–12 1 leqnzh ehy (NM) 1.852 km
iQsEVks (femto) f 10–15
,sVks (atto) a 10–18
1 iQSne = 6 fit,
1 Feet = 12 inch,
1. (Light Year) : izdk'k }kjk fuokZr~ esa ,d o"kZ esa r;
dh x;h dqy nwjh dgykrh gS A 1 inch = 2.54 cm.,
1 cSjy = 159 yh-]
vukSipkfjd :i ls [kxksyh; nwjh dks O;Dr djus ds fy, izdk'k
1 xSyu = 3.8 yh-]
o"kZ dk iz;ksx djrs gSa A
2. (Astronomical Unit) : ;g Hkh nwjh dk
1 dSjsV = 0.2 gm,
ek=kd gS A i`Foh vkSj lw;Z ds chp dh ekè; nwjh
dgykrh gS A 1 vksl = 28.35 gm
1 ikm.M = 453.6 gm
1 kg = 1000 gm.
Mob. : 8877918018, 8757354880 By : Khan Sir
