Software Testing

Chapter 5
Test Automation and Tools
 Contents
1 What is Test Automation?

2 Why automated testing?

3 Advantage and disadvantage of automation testing?

4 When to use automation Testing

5 Automation Test Process

6 TDD and BDD approach

7 Common automation testing

 1.What is Test Automation?
❖Test Automation/Automated testing uses the
assistance of tools, scripts, and software to
perform test cases by repeating pre-defined
actions.
❖It completely depends on the pre-scripted test
which runs automatically and compares the
actual results with expected results
 1.What is Test Automation?
❖Why automated testing?
• No human intervention is required.
• Testing multilingual sites
• Increases speed of test execution
• Increases test coverage
• Manual testing becomes time consuming, costly and
error prone
What is Test Automation?
 2. Advantage and disadvantage of
automation testing?
❖Advantages:
• save time and money: running tests 24/7, fewer Human
resources
• Automation does what manual testing cannot: Volume,
Reusable
• Improves reliability of the test
• Reduces maintenance cost of testing
• Increases amount of test coverage
• Eliminates the need to do boring takes
 2. Advantage and disadvantage of
automation testing?
❖Disadvantages:
• Test Automation requires lot of efforts at initial stage.
• Programming Knowledge is required.
• Debugging issues: use programming syntax/logic to
write Tests, some times locating errors in Test Script is
difficult.
• Test Tools have Environment Limitations.
• All types of Testing not possible (ex: usability)
3. When to use Manual and
automatic testing
4. Automation Test Process
 4.1 Test tool selection
❖The following parameters should be
considered before selection of appropriate tool
to be used for Test Automation:
• Data driven/Test driven/Behavior driven capabilities
• Hybrid framework
• Debugging and logging capabilities
• Platform independence
• Extensibility and Customizability
• ….
 4.2 Scope of Automation
❖Scope of automation defines the area covered
under automation for a software/application
❖Following points help to determine this scope:
• Features which are crucial for the business
• Scenarios/workflows covering tests which have a
large amount of data
• Common functionalities across applications
• Technical feasibility
• Reuse business components
• Complexity of test cases
 4.3 Planning, Design and
Development
❖During this phase one creates an automation
strategy and plan, which contains the following
details:
• Selecting appropriate automation tools
• Creating the framework design and its features
• Identifying In-scope, and Out-of-scope items of
automation
• Automation test bed preparation
• Timeline for test case automation
• Scheduling execution of automation suites
• Deliverables of Automation testing
 4.4 Test Execution
❖Automation scripts are executed during this
phase
❖Test suite automation run could be directly
executed from the automation tool or indirectly
from a Test Management tool which will redirect
the invoke request to the automation tool
❖Automation tool could execute the automation
suites either on a single machine or distribute the
suites on several machines to achieve faster
results.
 4.5 Maintenance
❖Since new functionalities are added with
successive cycles, Automation scripts require
update and also need to be reviewed and
maintained for each release cycle.
❖Maintenance is necessary to make sure that the
Automation scripts are in a stable state.
 5. Test Driven Development (TDD)
approach
❖It is an evolutionary approach to development
which combines test-first development where you
write a test before you write just enough
production code to fulfill that test and refactoring
 5. Test Driven Development (TDD)
approach
❖RED – The developer writes a failing test
essentially capturing the requirements in a test
❖GREEN – The developer implements the business
functionality, writing just enough code to pass the
test
❖REFACTOR – The developer refines and improves
the code without adding new functionality.
=>Demo.
 5. Behavior Driven Development
(BDD) approach
❖BDD is a technique in which developers,
testers, business representatives work together
to analyze the requirements of a software
system, formulate them using shared language
(Gherkin) and verify them automatically.
 5. Behavior Driven Development
(BDD) approach
❖TDD relies on unit tests to verify
implementation details whereas BDD relies on
executable scenarios to verify behaviors and
more.
❖BDD follows a prescribed path:
• Create user stories collaboratively
• Formulate user stories as executable scenarios and
verifiable behavior
• Implement behaviors and execute the scenarios to
verify them
 5. Behavior Driven Development
(BDD) approach
❖BDD scenarios are typically composed of three
main sections:
• Given – describes the state of the environment
(preconditions) before the behavior is triggered
• When- describes the actions that trigger the
behavior
• Then – describes the expected results of the
behavior
=>Demo
 6. Common Automation Test tool
❖Selenium:
• a testing tool for automating web application testing
 6. Common Automation Test tool
❖Appium:
• is one of the open-source automated testing tools
primarily intended for mobile applications.
• It backs automation of native, hybrid, and mobile
web applications built for iOS and Android.
 6. Common Automation Test tool
❖Cucumber
• is an open-source Behavior Driven Development
(BDD) tool
• supports only the web environment
 6. Common Automation Test tool
❖Katalon Studio
• is an open-source and commercial test automation
solutions.
• Automate Web (UI and API) and mobile applications.
• It can be integrated with a variety of other tools
such as JIRA, qTest, Kobiton, Git, Slack, and more.
 6. Common Automation Test tool

❖Unified Functional Testing (UFT)

• is known as QuickTest Professional (QTP)
• Automate Web (UI and API), Desktop, mobile
applications.
• Only for Windows
 6. Common Automation Test tool

❖HPE Unified Functional Testing (UFT)

• is known as QuickTest Professional (QTP)
• Automate Web (UI and API), Desktop, mobile
applications.
• Only for Windows
 7. How to Choose an Automation
Tools?
❖Environment support
❖Ease of use
❖Object identification
❖Scripting language used
❖Support for various types of test – including
functional, test management, mobile,..
❖Error recovery testing
❖Multiple framework support
❖Minimize cost
❖Extensive test reports and cost.