Arab American University
FACULTY OF MODERN SCIENCES
COMPUTER SKILLS
Lecturer: Eng. Thaer Khatib
Spring | 2022-2023
Chapter 1 : Introduction to 1
Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
OUTLINE
■ Introduction
■ How Computers Work?
■ Computer Generations and Types
■ Modern Computer Applications
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.1 INTRODUCTION
○ What is your NATIVE Language?
العربيةEnglish русский 日本
○ Which of you consider himself a Digital Native?
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.1 INTRODUCTION
○ Digital Native: is an individual who was born after the widespread
adoption of digital technology.
○ The term digital native doesn't refer to a particular generation.
Instead, it is a catch-all category for persons who have grown up
using technology like the Internet, computers and mobile
devices.
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.1 INTRODUCTION
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.1 INTRODUCTION
○ Digital Literacy is a life skill, and can be defined as the ability to use
technology effectively and safely.
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.1 INTRODUCTION
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Lets Watch
Together
* Links will be uploaded to Moodle 8
Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Lets do it
Together
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.1 INTRODUCTION
○ Remember:
○ Digital Literacy: the ability to use technology effectively and
safely.
Computers, Information, and Communication Technologies
○ These Technologies have changed the world more than any other
invention over the past one hundred years.
○ Today‘s world is an information-rich and it has become a necessity
for everyone to know about computers.
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.1 INTRODUCTION
○ Computer Literacy is the knowledge and ability to use technology
○ For example, the ability to switch on your computer, know how to
access the internet, or send an email – these are all building blocks
of computer literacy.
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.1 INTRODUCTION
○ A computer is an electronic data processing device, which:
■ Accepts and stores data input.
■ Processes the data input.
■ Generates the output in a required form
Processing
Input Output
Storage
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.1 INTRODUCTION
○ Functionalities of a Computer:
○ Any digital computer carries out the following four functions
■ Step 1 − Takes data as input.
■ Step 2 − Stores the (data/instructions) in its memory and uses them as
required.
■ Step 3 − Processes the data and converts it into useful information.
■ Step 4 − Generates the output.
Processing
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.1 INTRODUCTION
○ Data vs. Information
○ Data is a representation of a fact or idea such as Numbers, Words,
Pictures, Sounds.
○ Information is data that has been organized or presented in a
meaningful manner.
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.1 INTRODUCTION
○ Data vs. Information
?? .. !!
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.1 INTRODUCTION
○ Advantages of Computers
○ The following are certain advantages of computers:
■ High Speed
■ Accuracy
■ Storage Capability
■ Reliability
■ Automation
■ Reduction in Paper Work and Cost
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.1 INTRODUCTION
○ Disadvantages of Computers
○ The following are certain disadvantages of computers:
■ Can limit learning and create a dependency.
■ The potential loss of privacy.
■ Time consumption and lots of distractions.
■ No I. Q. (Intelligence Quotient)
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.2 How Computers Work?
COMPUTERS work on ONES & ZEROES
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.2 How Computers Work?
Don’t worry, almost nobody today actually deals directly with these
ones and zeros.
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.2 How Computers Work?
1 0
TRUE FALSE
YES NO
ON OFF
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.2 How Computers Work?
Bits: it's the smallest piece of information a computer can
store.
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.2 How Computers Work?
1 WIRE 1 0
2 WIRE 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
3 WIRE 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
With more bits we can represent more complex information.
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.2 How Computers Work?
The switch that controls the on-off in the computer is called Transistor
The transistor is used to design the integrated circuit (IC), which is designed for
the microprocessors, now known as CPUs
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.2 How Computers Work?
○ It is important to remember that computers are not "smart" in the
way that we think of the word. That is, they do not "think" as people
do.
○ However, they are extremely complex and very fast and run on
cleverly designed programs, so they give the impression of being
"smart."
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.3 Computer Generations and Types
Smaller Cheaper More Efficient
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.3 Computer Generations and Types
Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Fifth Generation
Time Period 1946 - 1959 1959 - 1965 1965 - 1971 1971 - 1980 1980 - onwards
VLSI ULSI
Technology Used Vacuum Tube Transistor Integrated Circuit
microprocessor microprocessor
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.3 Computer Generations and Types
Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Fifth Generation
ENIAC IBM 7094 IBM 360 IBM PC HP EliteBook
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.3 Computer Generations and Types
Types of Computer:
We can classify computers based on different things:
- Capacity (size)
- Purpose
- Performance, Speed
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.3 Computer Generations and Types
1. Wearable Computers
Smart watches Smart glasses Activity Tracker Healthcare devices
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.3 Computer Generations and Types
2. Smartphones 3. Tablet
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.3 Computer Generations and Types
4. Hybrid Tablet 5. Ultrabook, Notebook,
Laptop
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.3 Computer Generations and Types
6. ALL In One (AIO) 7. Desktop
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.3 Computer Generations and Types
8. Workstations: Is a middle-range machine between a mainframe and
a PC., used for scientific & engineering applications.
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.3 Computer Generations and Types
9. Mainframe: This is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can
handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously.
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.3 Computer Generations and Types
10. Supercomputer: the fastest, most powerful computer, the most
expensive, capable of processing more than one quadrillion
instructions in a single second. Used in technical areas that deal with
large numbers such as in weather forecasting.
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.4 Modern Computer Applications:
1. Business: A computer has become an integrated part of all
business organizations.
Examples:
- Inventory Management
- Accounting
- Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
- Document Processing
- Logistic & Supply Chain
- Graphics and Design
- Business Communication
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.4 Modern Computer Applications:
2. Banking: Today, banking is almost totally dependent on computers.
Banks provide the following facilities:
- Check the account statement online.
- Open accounts.
- Pay bills such as water bill, electricity bill and recharge prepaid mobile.
- Make merchant payments.
- Transfer funds.
- Order for a cheque book.
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.4 Modern Computer Applications:
3. Education: The computer helps in providing a lot of facilities in the
education system.
- The computer provides a tool in the education system known as CBE
(Computer Based Education), CBE involves control, delivery, and evaluation of
learning.
- Computer education is rapidly increasing the graph for many computer
students.
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.4 Modern Computer Applications:
4. Marketing:
- improve marketing precision
- increase campaign capacity
- automate marketing campaigns
- open new communication channels
- improve collaboration
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.4 Modern Computer Applications:
5. Engineering Design: Computers are widely used for engineering
purpose.
Some of the fields are:
- Structural Engineering: Requires stress and strain analysis for the design of
ships, buildings, budgets, airplanes, etc.
- Industrial Engineering: Computers deal with design, implementation, and
improvement of integrated systems of people, materials, and equipment.
- Architectural Engineering: Computers help in planning towns, designing
buildings, determining a range of buildings on a site using both 2D and403D
Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.4 Modern Computer Applications:
6. Communication
Communication is a way to convey a message, an idea, a picture, or
speech
that is received and understood clearly and correctly by the person for
whom it is meant. Some main areas in this category are:
- E-mail
- FTP
- Social Networking
- VIOP or Video chats
- Internet
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Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers
1.4 Modern Computer Applications:
6. Government: Computers play an important role in government
services. Some major fields in this category are:
- Budgets
- Local Tax Database
- Employment Information
- Law enforcement
- Post office
- Judicial
- Social Security
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Computer Skills
Thank You
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