Chapter 6:
Industrial University of Hochiminh City
Beam element
Finite Element Method - FEM
Duong Cong Truyen, Ph.D.
1 2
Beam element Elementary beam theory
Element stiffness matrix Element stiffness matrix
• Apply the formula, • Deflection of the beam,
• To derive this, we introduce the shape • Notice that,
functions,
Element stiffness matrix Element stiffness matrix
• Curvature of the beam, • Strain energy stored in the beam element is
• Where the strain-displacement matrix B is give by,
Element stiffness matrix Element stiffness matrix
• We conclude that the stiffness matrix for the • Finally, we have the element stiffness matrix
simple beam element is of the beam,
• Using the B matrix,
Element stiffness matrix Example 1
• Combining the axial stiffness (bar element),
we obtain the matrix of a general 2-D beam
element,
Find:
• The deflection and rotation at node 2.
• Reaction forces and moments at nodes 1 and
3.
Example 1 Example 1
• Element stiffness matrice, • Global stiffness matrix,
Example 1 Example 1
• Global FE equation, • BCs,
• Reduced FE equation,
• Solving,
Example 1 Equivalent nodal loads of
• Reaction forces and moments, transverse distributed load
• In case of the beam has 2 nodes
Equivalent nodal loads of Example 2
distributed transverse load
• In case of the beam has 3 nodes
Find:
• The deflection and rotation at node 2.
• Reaction forces and moments at nodes 1.
Example 2 Example 2
• Convert the distributed load to its equivalent nodal
loads,
• Global FE equation,
• BCs,
• Where,
Example 2 Example 2
• Reaction forces
• Reduced equation, and moments
• Solving, • The correct reaction forces and moments can be
obtain as follows,
Example 3 Example 3
• Element stiffness matrices,
• Given:
• Find: Deflections, rotations and reaction forces
Example 3 Example 3
• Global stiffness matrix, • Global FE equation,
• where,
Example 3 Example 3
• Solving,
• BCs,
• Reduced equation, • Substituting the values,
we obtain:
Example 3 Example 4
• Reaction forces,
• Draw Free-body diagram of the beam
• Given:
• Find: Displacements and rotation of nodes 1 and 2
Example 4 Example 4
• Local stiffness matrix for a general 2-D beam
• Convert the distributed load element,
to its equivalent nodal loads
Example 4 Example 4
• For element 1,
• Element connectivity table,
Example 4 Example 4
• For element 2 and 3, • In general, the transformation matrix T,
Example 4 Example 4
• We have l=0 and m=1 (θ = 900) for both • Using the transformation relation,
element 2 and 3; thus,
• We obtain the global stiffness matrices for the
element 2
Example 4 Example 4
• and element 3,
The size of the global
stiffness matrix is 12×12
Example 4 Example 4
• BCs,
• Global FE equation,
Example 4 Example 3
• Reaction forces:
• Solving this, we get the displacement,
• Draw the
Free-body diagram
of the frame
Homework
(Due day: next week, write by hand on Thank you for attention!
the A4 papers)
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