Hints & Solutions

EXEPLANATION
-4
CHAPTER-1
BASIC MATHEMATICAL TOOL & VECTORS 1. (c) a = 72, d = –2
tn = a + (n – 1) d
-1 40 = 72 – (n – 1) × 2
32 = (n – 1) 2
1. (c) x2 + x + 1 = 0 n = 17
a + b = –1, ab = 1 2. (a) a = 7, d=3
(a + )2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab tn = a + (n – 1) d
(–1)2 = a2 + b2 + 2 43 = 7 + (n – 1) 3
–2 + 1 = a2 + b2 36
a2 + b2 = –1 1  n n = 13
3
2. (b) x2 – kx + k + 2 = 0 3. (b) a = a + b, d = – 2b
For equal roots
b2 – 4ac = 0 n
Sn = (2a + (n – 1)d)
b2 = 4ac = k2 = 4(k + 2) 2
4  16  32 22
k2 – 4k – 8 = 0  k =  2  12 = [2 × (a + b) + (22 – 1) × (– 2b)]
2 2
3. (d) 4x2 + 3x + 7 = 0
= (2a + 2b – 22b) = 11 (2a – 20b)
1 1 
  ,     3 4   7 4 -5
  
   3 4 3
  1. (b) sin (210°)
 74 7
1
-2 sin (180° + 30°) = – sin 30° =
2

2 4 1
0 2. (c) sec    cos   2 (incorrect)
1. (a) 2
6 a
2a – (6 × – 4) = 0 , 2a = – 24  a = –12 1
3. (d) cos     60º
2 4 2
2. (b) = 18 – (–1 × –4) = 14
1 a cos (3 × 60) = cos (180) = –1
3 2 5 -6
1 0 4
3. (b) = 3(0 – 24) – 2(–1 – 12) + 5(– 6 – 0)
3 6 1 1. (d) angle smaller than  / 2 , gives positive
slopes.
= – 72 + 26 – 30 = –76 2. (c) y – 7 = 2 y=2
-3 1
3. (b,d) tan 1  2tan 2  tan  1  2  
3
1. (c) log106 = log103 + log102 = 0.4 + 0.3 = 0.7 tan 1  tan 2 1 tan 2 1
  
3 1  tan 1 tan 2 3 1  2tan2 2 3
2. (d) log101.5 = log10  
 2
= log103 – log102 = 0.4 – 0.3 = 0.1 3 tan 2  2 tan2 2  1
3. (c) log109  log1032 = 2log103 = 2 × 0.4 = 0.8
2 tan2 2  3 tan 2  1  0
4. (b) log104 + log1027 = 2log102 + 3log103
2 × 0.3 + 3 × 0.4 = 1.8 3  9  42
tan 2   1,2
2
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 -7 -9

1. (b) y = x2lnx
2
1. (c) F
dy 1
 2x ln x  x 2 sin   3 cos 
dx x
maximum value of sin   3 cos   1  3  2
 2x ln x  x  x (2lnx + 1)
2
2. (b) Y = cosec x Fmin   1
2
dy
 cosec x cot x 2. (b) x3 – 6x2 + 9x + 15
dx dy
 3x 2  12x  9  0
sin x dx
3. (c) Y= 4  16  12
ex x  2  1  3,1
2
dy cos x e x  sin x e x cos x  sin x for x = 3
 
dx e 2x
ex y = 27 – 54 + 27 +15 = 15
for x = 1
-8 y = 1 – 6 + 9 + 15 = 19
3. (b) Y = sin 2x – x
1. (a) Y  a 1  cos   dy
 2cos 2x  1  0
dx
x  a    sin   1
cos 2x   2x   /3  x = /6
dy 2
 a sin 
d -10
dx
 a 1  cos   1 1
d 1. (b)
x 2 dx
 2x 2 c = 2 x C
dy sin 
  2 1 
dx 1  cos  2. (b)   x  2  dx
x 
dy
 1 at    / 2
dx x3 x  2  1 x3 1
  C  C
3 2  1 3 x
5 
2. (c) Y  tan  t   / 6   cos  4x  5 
2
  3. (c)  sin  4x  5  dx 
4
+C
dy 5 5 
  sec2  t   /6  -11
dt 2 2 
at t = 0  
GM m 1
dy 5 2 1. (b)  d x = –GMm  
   sec   / 6   x2  x
 R
dt 2 R

 1 1  GMm
5  4  10  GMm    
    R R
2  3  3
v s
3. (b) Y  cos  6t   /3  2. (c)  Vdv   adx
u 0
dy
  sin  6t   /3  6
dt v 2 u2
  a  s  0  = v2 – u2 = 2as
at t = 0 2 2
b b
dy 3 dx  1  1 1
 6 sin   /3   6  3. (a)  x2    
= –3 3  a a b
x
dt 2 a

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 Hints & Solutions
   
-12 3. (a) AB  A  B
 
1. (b) A  4i  3j, B  6i  8j A 2  B2  2AB cos   A 2
    A 2  2A 2 cos 
A  B  10i  5j  A  B  5 4  1  5 5
  1
cos      60º
5 2
tan      tan1 1/2
10 -14
2. (a) For maxmium resultant

FR  F12  F22  2F1F2 cos  1. (c) P  2 cos ti  2sin t j

cos   1 F  2sinti  2cos tj
   
hence,   0 F.P  4sintcost  4sintcost  0  F  P
3. (c) Triangle law of vector addition.   
2. (b) B A  A
4. (b) Triangle law of vector addition.
4. (d) It dot product should be zero.
5. (d) 10 + 20 = 30 which can never cancel 40.
6. (c) P2 = Q2 + R2 – 2QR cos  -15
25 = 144 + 169 – 2 × 12 × 13 cos     
24 × 13 cos  = 288 1. (c) B  A & B  A are antiparallel to each other.

12 1  12  i j k

cos  = ,   cos    
13  13  2. (b) A  B  3 1 2  i 4  4   j 12  4  k
  6  2

7. (c) B 2 2 4

 
C  8i  8j  8k
  A  B  8 3
45º   
3. (d) AB  C
A    
  CA CB
Angle between A & B     / 4  3 / 4   
C  AB
   
Q  120  4. (b) PQ  P Q
8. (c) Pnet  2P cos    2P cos    2P cos 60
2  2 
5. (d) 22  32  2  2  3 cos   1
9. (b)
F 13  12cos   1
cos   1 
 
120º 120º  
A  B  2  3  sin   0
F 120º  
F 6. (b) Area = A  B  
According to Lami's theroem
i j 
k
C B A
     120 0 1 3
sin  sin b sin c =  i  1  6   j  0  3   k
  0  1
1 2 1
-13
 7i  3j  k
   49  9  1  59

1. (b)   120º  R  3    
2. (b)
  
A  2B  3C 7. (d)      A  B  A  B  B  A  B  B
A B  A B
 
 2i  j  2 3j  k
   3 6i  2k
  
 20i  5j  4k
  0  2 B  A   0

8. (a) ABsin   3AB cos  = tan   3    60º

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 LEVEL - I Topic : 2 Differentiation
Topic : 1 Basic Mathematics 14. (b) Y  x
1. (c) At x – axis, y=0 1
dy 1 2 1 1
x2 – 5x + 6 = 0  x 
dx 2 2 x
(x – 3)(x – 2) = 0
15. (a) Y = x5 + x4 + 7
x=3 x=2
V = 2t2 + t – 10 = 0 dy
2. (a)  5x 4  4x 3
2t2 + 5t – 4t - 10 = 0 dx
t(2t + 5) – 2(2t + 5) = 0 9x5
t=2 t = –5/2 16. (b) Y 
x 3
1
3. (a) tan 210 = tan (180 + 30) = tan 30 = dy  5x 4  x  3   x 5 1 
3  9 
dx   x  3 2 
4. (a) 1  0.00210  1  10  0.002
9 5x 5  15x 4  x 5  9x 4  4x  15 
 1  0.02  1.02    
 x  3 2
 x  3 2
5. (c) 1.0  0.0015  1  0.005   0.995
17. (c) s = t2 + 5t + 3
6. (b) sin 300° = sin(360° – 60°)
ds
 3  2t  5
= – sin60º = dt
2
7. (a) x = at 18. (a) A = 3t2 + 7
y = bt + c dA
 6t at t = 5
bx dt
y= c Straight line
a
2 dA
8. (c) V = 2t is a parabola facing upwards.  6  5  30 cm2 /s
dt
4 3
9. (a) V   0.5t  19. (a) V = 3t2 + 5t + 2
3
dv dV
 0.125  4t2 = 8  6t  5 at t = 0
dt dt
1 1 1 dV
10. (b) 1     ...  17
3 a 25 dt
d
sum of ap =
a
1 r
20. (c) E  
dt
 
2t2  10t  5  4t  10

1 3 t = 2 sec E = 2 units
   1.5 21. (c) x = at3
1 2
1 dx
3  3at2 Y = bt2
dt
1 h dy
11. (b) sin     2bt
10 l dt
5 1 dy 2 bt 2b
h   0.5  
10 2 dx 3 at 2 3 at
2 4 22. (d) x  a cos  y  bsin 
12. (a)  2a  24  0
6 a
dx dy
a = –12  a sin   bcos 
d d
1 1 1 1 1
13. (c)   ... = 1 dy b
43 9 27 43 3  41 2  2   cot 
dx a

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 Hints & Solutions
23. (b) A  r2 2
2
dA 32. (b)  sin x dx   cos x 0  cos 0  cos  2  1
 2r 0
dr
1 1 4 4
24. (a) Y    2x  1 3  x4 
2x  1 33. (a)  x dx   4 
2  2
dy 2
2
 1 2x  1  2 
dx  2x  12 
1 4
 1

4  24   256  16  60
4 4
25. (b)     16


   16       16  2 30
 sin 5x  30
34. (b)  cos 5x dx   
d  5 0
for max
d

16  2  0    8  8 0

 max  8  8  64 1  5   1   1
  sin    sin 0    sin  0  
5  30   5 6  10
26. (a) y = log sin (x/2)
dy 1 1 1  
  cos  x /2    cot  x / 2  4 4
dx sin  x /2  2 2 sin 2x dx
35. (d)  sin x cos x dx   2
3 0 0
27. (b) y  x 2

1  cos 2x  4   1  cos     cos 0  1
3  
4 
   
dy 3 1 2  2  0 2  4
 x3 2
dx 2
1 1  
dy 2 3 1 2 1  3 1
 1 1
  x   x 2 20
dx 2 2 2 4 x
x 2 dx   2x 
36. (d)  
1
1
Topic 3: Integration 0 2 0
p
28. (c) q
 x dx 
 2
p 2 
1
q  p q    cos x dx  sin x 
x   37. (d)   
 c q q 
p  x c  2

 

1 pq
q 2

4
dx   
 ln x 2  ln 4  ln 2  ln 4  ln 2
4
29. (b)  x 2
 sin
2
 sin     1  1  2
 2
2

5 Topic 4: Vectors
5
x3 1 
2
30. (b)  x dx  3  
 53  13  124
3 3 38. (c) A  3i  4j B  6i  8j
1 1    
B  2A AB  0
 
GMm GMm A 1
31. (a)  2
dr   
r r R B 2
R
 
A.B  18  32  50
 1 1  GMm
 GMm    
R   R

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 
39. (c) F  5i  3j   i  j . j  k 
48. (d) cos  
A.B

   1
    60º
 
W  F. r  5i  3j . 2i  j
   AB 2 2 2

= 10 – 3 = 7 A i  j
   
40. (d) P  Q  R  P  R 49. (c) unit vector = A

2
 
QR
   50. (b)
R P Q 2Q
41. (c) A 2  B2  2AB cos   C2 R Q
144 + 25 + 2 × 12 × 5 cos  = 169 
cos  = 0
 R  P 2  Q2  2PQcos 180   

2 R 2  P 2  Q2  2PQcos 
 
42. (c) A.B  0 P
cos  
  2Q
43. (a) A  B  3i  6j  2k

P
R 2  P 2  Q2  2PQ R Q
3i  6j  2k
 3i  6j  2k
 2Q
unit vector = =  
9  36  4 7 A.B 1  1 
52. (d) cos       cos 1  
 AB 3  3
44. (b) A  2i  3j
 
  A.B 
53. (d) Component A along B  B
B
 3
 
tan  
2
7 i j   7  
2
3 
2 2

2
 
i j

45. (a) For perpendicular vector

  54. (b)
A.B  0 B
15 – 18 + P = 0  P  3 R
Q
1   180–
46. (b) Area of paralldogram = D1  D2
2
A
cos 180    
i j 
k
B
1 A  A
 3 1 2 cos       cos1   
2 B  B
1 3 4   
55. (c) R1  A  B  R12  A2  B2  2AB cos 
  

1
i  4  6   j 12  2   k
  9  1 R 2  A  B  R 22  A 2  B2  2AB cos 
2

R12  R 22  1 A2  B2 
1
 2i  14j  10k
   
2  1  49  25 56. (c) P  R  Q
P 2  R 2  Q2  2RQcos 
 5 3 units
  25  169  144  2  13  12cos 
47. (d) A.B  0  15 + 2 – 25 = 20 cos   2  12  13  169  144  25
17
s  8.5  12 
2   cos 1  
 13 
6 TAKSHILA INSTITUTE
Corporate Off : D-11/148, Sec-8, (Opp. Metro Pillar 390), Rohini-110085 Ph:- 011-47155238, 9310378303, 9868445900
 Hints & Solutions

57. (c) 67. (c) i j 

k
B 2 2 1
C 6 3 2
135º
45º
A = i  4  3   j  4  6   k
  6  12  = i  10j  18k


  3 i  10j  18k

Angle between A & B  135º  rad. unit vector =
4 5 17
 
  120  68. (b) Area  A  B
58. (c) R  2P cos  2P cos   R=P
2  2 
i j 
k
59. (b) Same magni tude form wi ll form an
equilateral triangle. 0 1 3
   
60. (d) A  B is  A  B 1 2 1
   
= i  1  6   j  0  3   k
  0  1 = 7i  3j  k

 
A B . A B  0 
        Area  49  9  1  59
A.A  A.B  A.B  B.B  0  A = B 69. (a) ABsin   3AB cos 

61. (b) R  2P cos   tan   2    60º
 2
 LEVEL - II
P 1
i j k

1  2cos   
  120º a b  3 4 5
1. (b)
7 3 6

R '  2P sin  
 2
 i  24  15   j 18  35   k
  9  28 
R '  3P
  9i  17j  19k

62. (b) A  2i  j
 9i  17 j  19k

B  3j  k unit vector 
92  172  192

C  6i  2k 
   9i  17 j  19k


A  2B  3C 731
 2i  j  6j  2k
  18i  6k
 2. (c) Resultant will bisect when P = Q.
 
3. (a) P.Q  0  P  Q
 20i  5j  4k

      P 2  Q2  R 2
63. (a) P  Q  P  Q  2P . P  1    0
4. (d) PQ cos   PQsin 

 dP 
64. (d) F   AK   sin  kt  i  cos  kt  j tan   1   
dt   4
     
F.P  A2K   sin kt cos kt  sin kt cos kt   0 5. (d) A.B  A  B
angle = 90º AB cos   AB sin 
     
 
65. (b) A. B  A  B  A  A  0 tan   1   45º
66. (d) 3 – 2 = 1 C A 2  B2  2AB cos 45º  A 2  B2  2AB
thus the angle is 180º cross product = 0
TAKSHILA INSTITUTE 7
Corporate Off : D-11/148, Sec-8, (Opp. Metro Pillar 390), Rohini-110085 Ph:- 011-47155238, 9310378303, 9868445900
 13. (b) 5 m/s
6. (b)
b
160º
45º
a 5 m/s
 
bsin 60º 2 3 V f  5j V i  5i
  tan 45º   a 1 
a  b cos 60º 2  V  5j 5i
a  3 1   
7. (b)
 
A.B  AB

a amg 
V 5 i  j

 
    t 10
A B . A B  1 1
         2 m / s2
2 2
 A.A  A.B  A.B  B.B  A 2  B2
  ½
  A.B 
8. (d) Component of A along B  B N
B

 xi  y j .  i  j  i  j   x  y   i  j

W
½
  
   
2  2  14. (d) V  w  r
 2

9. (c) F net  1j  3i i j 
k
F  1  3  2N 3 4 1
  5 6 6
10. (c) A.B  i  2j  3k
  . i  3j  k
 =1–6+3=–2

  2  i  24  6   j 18  5   k
 18  20 
 A.B 4
 18i  13j  2k

11. (d) For perpendicular vectors
 
  15. (a) W  F. r
A.B  0j i   j  3k
  . i  2j  k
 0

 4i  j  3k
  .  14i  13j  9k
    3i  2j  6k
   

2  2  3  0  
 2  3    3  0
  4i  j  3k
 . 11i  11j  15k
 

    3      3  0
= 44 + 11 + 45 = 100
  1,3
12. (d) The tip covers 2r distance in 60 sec. in  1 2 3/2
16. (a)   x   dx = x  n| x | c
x 3
2 
speed is =  cm /s  cm /s
60 30
 6 2x 2
It rotater by angle 90º in 15 sec. 17.(b)   2x  5  x  dx  2
 5x  6|n| x| C
V
I  x 2  5x  6 n|x  C
90º V [Replace |n|n| by |n|x| in option b, c, & d]

 V  V i  V j
  18.(b)

x x 4  2x 2  1  dx  x2  1
 x2  1
 x2  1 dx
 
  V  V2  V2  V 2  2 cm /s
 x x 
30 2
 1 dx   1.dx

8 TAKSHILA INSTITUTE
Corporate Off : D-11/148, Sec-8, (Opp. Metro Pillar 390), Rohini-110085 Ph:- 011-47155238, 9310378303, 9868445900
 Hints & Solutions

x4 x2 28.(b) Let tan –1 x 3  t

 xc
4 2 1
6
.3x 2 dx  dt
2 3/2 1 x
19. (a) x x c
3
1 t2
I  t dt  c
20.(d)
2 2 2
x4  x2  1  x x – x  1 x  x  1    3 6
3
x3 x2
3
 x3  27 8  19 
I  x 2  x  1 dx   3

2
xc 29. (d) 
2
x dx =   
 3 2
  
8 3  3 
2

x2  1 2x b
21.(b) x dx   dx x
 (e x )ba  e b  ea
 x 12
 
x x2  1  30. (c)  e dx
a

1 1  /2
 x dx  2 1  x2 dx 13

–1
31. (d)  sin
0
xdx
n|x  2 tan xC
1 12  10  8  6  4  2 46080
22.(d)  x 3  4  x  2.2 x  dx = 
13  11  9  7  5  3  1 135135
make ans. key correct 32. (b) 6/7
33. (c) 4, 8
4 1 4
 x3  x2  x5/2 dx 34. (b) Height travelled is given by x = 80t – 16t2
Maximum height travelled is given when
–2 1 8 –3/2
 – x C dx
x2 x 3  0  80 – 32t = 0  t = 2.5
dt
x
23.(a)  e.e dx  ex 1  C
35 (b) x  a    sin  
2 dx
2|nx |nx   a(1  cos )
24..(b) I   dx  2   c  ..(1)
x  2  d
y  a(1  cos )
2
 |nx   c dy
  a(0  ( sin  )  a sin  ...(2)
d
25.(b) Let x 3  1  t
dy / d dy sin 
 3x 2dx  dt Dividing (2) and (1)  
dx / d dx 1  cos 
dt
I   t 3/4 = tan   /2
3
1 4 7/4 4 7/4 1
  t
3 7
c 
21
1  x3   c
2
36. (a) y  x 
1
x2 
1
26.(a) Let x 2  8  t  2x dx  dt x2  2
x  .....
3 3/2
I
2  t dt  x 2  8 c   y  x2 
1
1
x2  2
27.(b) Let x t x  ....
1 1
dx  dt y  x2 
2 x y
y2 + x2y + 1
I  2 et dt  2e x  c

TAKSHILA INSTITUTE 9
Corporate Off : D-11/148, Sec-8, (Opp. Metro Pillar 390), Rohini-110085 Ph:- 011-47155238, 9310378303, 9868445900
 1 V=0
y  x2  h
y
dy dy
2xy  2xy  x2
dx dx 64m
dy 2xy Ground

dx 2y  x 2 42. (c) Let r and V be the respectively radius and
37. (b) Given, x sin t and y = tan t volume of the balloon. Let represents the
On differetiating both side w.r.t, t respec- time. The rate of increment in radius is
tively, we get
dr
dx dy  2 cm/minute. The volume of the balloon
 cos t and  sec 2 t dt
dt dt is given by
dy / dt sec 2 t 1 4
Therefore,   V  r 3
dx / dt cot t cos 3 t 3
dr Differentiating w.r. to t, we get
38. (c)  0.1 dV 4  2 dr 
dt    3r 
dt 3  dt 
A  r2
dA  dr  dr
 2r   Substituting the values of and , we get
dt  dt  dt
= 2 * 5 *  * 0.1 = cm2 / sec dV 4
   3  52  2   200cm3 / minute
dt 3
1
39. (a) 43. (c) (ab sin )2  (ab cos )  144
s3
40. (c) Let r be the radius, C be the circumference a 2 b2 (sin2   cos 2 )  144
and A be the area of the circle.
16 b2 = 144
Then, C  2r and A  r2 b2 = 9 = b = 3

dC dA 44. (a) a  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ
 C  r and  A  r
dr dr 
b  ˆi  ˆj  k
ˆ
 C  2rr and A  2r
Let n̂ be a unit vector perpendicular to both
We have, C = 56 and C  0.02 

a and b
C 0.02 1
 C  56  2800  
ab

Thus, n̂ = a  b
2r 1 r 1
   
2r 2800 r 2800  
A r
  
a  b  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ 
  100   100
A r 2 
2 –iˆ  kˆ    ˆi  kˆ  = 2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ
 r  1 1  n̂ 
2 2 2 6
= 2  100   2  
 r  28 14
  
ds  2  ˆ  ˆ a.a a.iˆ 2  2
41. (c) v = 0 
dt
 0  48 – 32t = 0 45. (b)  a  ˆi   
 ai . ai = 
î.a 1 
= a  a.iˆ  
3
 t  36m  2 2  2
2 
 a  ˆi = 3 a   a.iˆ   
(height attained from the tower) 2 2 2
 Height attained from the groun = 3a  a 2a
36 + 64 = 100 m
10 TAKSHILA INSTITUTE
Corporate Off : D-11/148, Sec-8, (Opp. Metro Pillar 390), Rohini-110085 Ph:- 011-47155238, 9310378303, 9868445900
 Hints & Solutions

Section-B &       180º    90º

 
(Assertion and Reason Type) i.e.  ' between A & B  90º
1. (c) (A) is true
(R) is false  
 'between A & C  180º –45º
2. (c) (A) is true
(R) is false
 
3. (c) (A) is true  'between B & C  180º –  135º
(R) is false   
2. (b) P = Q = R if P  Q  R
4. (b) (A) F   24 2   7 2  625  25N (True)   
  2   2
 
P  Q  R  0
2 2
   
(R) A  B  A.B   AB sin    AB cos   1  60º

 sin2   cos2   1 (True)

Q
   
5. (b) (A) A.B  0 i.e. A  B
   
A.C  0 i.e. A  C
  

Hence B  C  A  (True) P
  
if P  Q  R  0
(R) R  A2  B2  2ABcos   A  B
2
when   0º (True) i.e. 1 
2
6. (a) (A) True,
(R) True 2  180º 1  120º
7. (a) (A) True,
(R) True
8. (d) (A) False, R
(R) False
 1
1  AB 1  1  
9. (a) (A)   cos    cos    (True) 2
 AB  2 3
(R) True
10. (b) (A) True      
(R) True 3. (a) R  A  B  A  B  2A
i.e. Angle between.
Section-C  
 
(Takshila Challengers) R and A is zero  R  A 
  
1. (d) A BC  0 4. (a) x  a    sin   y  a 1  cos  
  
Let A  B  x & C  2 x  dy dx
  sin  &   1  cos  
d d
A B C
using sin   sin   sin   dy 
dy  d   sin 
A B   
Taking  dx  dx   1  cos  
sin  sin   
 d 
sin   sin  but     90º   
2sin cos sin
2 2 2 
sin   sin  90      90      tan
  2
2cos 2 cos
tan   1    45º,   450¦ 2 2

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  3. (c) F1  3N,F2  5N,F3  6N
2 1
4. (a) As, position vector, r  xiˆ  yjˆ
5. (b) I  1  sin x  2 dx
0
r  4t2ˆi  3r 2ˆj

1 dr
2
 x x x x 2 Velocity v =  4(2t)iˆ  3  2t  ˆj
   sin  cos 2  2sin cos  dx dt
 2 2 2 2 
0
or v  8tiˆ  6tjˆ

2
x x Speed = |v| = 64t2  3t2  100t2  10t

   sin  cos  dx
 2 2 5. (d) Let  be the angle between the forces.
0
2
Thus, Fnet  F12  F22  2F1F2 cos  =3F1F2

 x x 2  F 2  F 2  2F 2 cos   3F 2
  cos sin 
 2  2 1 
 1 1   cos    
2 3
  2    
 2  0
6. (a) Let angle between A and C be   cos 1  3 /5  .
    Please not that A , B and C form the sides of a
 2   cos  sin  1  0 
 4 4  ri ght angl ed trian gle with A as the
hypotenuse.
  1  2
 2 
 2

2
 1  2
 7. (a)  x2  y2 
6. (a) all the forces will be opposite to one another = (x +y)2 + (x – y)2 + 2(x + y) (x – y) cos 
so 4F1's force will cancelled out. x2 + y2 = x2 + y2 + 2xy + x2 + y2 – 2xy + 2(x2 – y)
Then resulatant will be cos 
R = F12  F22  2F1F2 cos180 2  x 2  y 2  .cos     x 2  y 2 

 (x 2  y 2 ) 
=  F1  F2 2   F1  F2     cos 1  2 2 
 2(x  y ) 
Section-D 8. (b) Re sultant of two vecto r li es betwe en
(Previous Years Questions) |A+B|and|A-B|
9. (b) f 2 N and 1 N act in same direction, and 3 N

1. (c) cos  
 2iˆ  3jˆ . ˆi  ˆj acts in opposite direction, equilibrium is
possible.
3 2 10. (c) P
    
 11.(c) A  3B  C  0
component of A along B  A cos 

3iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ  3(3iˆ  5ˆj  2k) ˆ C 0
5 5 
=  13  12iˆ  16ˆj  3k ˆ  C 0
2 3 2 
  C  12iˆ  16ˆj  3k ˆ
2. (c) Let two vectors a and b , then component of  

vector a along the direction of vector b is 12. (d) A  B  9iˆ  11jˆ
 
a.b magnitude= 80  121 = 202
given as b  , 
13.(a) Torque about origin   r  F
   

(a x i  a y j  a z k). i. j

 
a x  a y     (iˆ  2jˆ  kˆ )  (5iˆ  2ˆj  5k)
ˆ

2 2

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 Hints & Solutions

  (10  2)iˆ  (5  5)jˆ  (2  10)k
ˆ F.P.
cos  
 |F||P|
   8iˆ  10ˆj  12k ˆ

14.(b) Given r  ˆi  2ˆj  k

ˆ (ˆjcos kt  ˆjsin kt).Ak(ˆi sin kt  ˆjsin kt)
A
|F||P|
p  2iˆ  ˆj  k
ˆ
Angular momentum ( sin kt cos kt  sin kt cos kt)
A 2k
|F||P|
J = r × P  (iˆ  2ˆj k)
ˆ  (2iˆ  ˆj  k)
ˆ
= A2k = (0)
J  ˆi( 2  1)  ˆj(1  2)  k(
ˆ 1  4)
  cos 1(0)  90o
J   ˆi  ˆj  3kˆ 
21.(d) If  be the angle between two vectors A and
     
15.(a) The vector, X  A  B B , the cross product will be A  B  ABn
ˆ sin 
  
X  (iˆ  ˆj  2k)
ˆ  (iˆ  ˆj  k)
ˆ and dot product will be A.B  AB cos  where

X  (  ) ˆi  (  )jˆ  (  2 )kˆ  
    n̂ is the normal vector to A & B . The one of
As, X  C  X . C  0
the pro perty of cro ss produ ct i s an ti
   
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ commutative i.e., A  B  B  A .
 [(  )i  (  )j  (  2 )k ]. [2i  3 j  4k]  0

 9  9  0 22.(c) Given, A  4iˆ  3ˆj  12k
ˆ

Thus,  :   1:1 B  ˆi
Dot product of the vector is given by
16. (a) (τ )  r  F =  (2iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ )  (3iˆ  7 jˆ  4kˆ )    
ˆ ˆ ˆ
A.B |A||B| cos 
i j k
 
 2 2 1 A.B
cos    
3 7 4 | A||B|

 iˆ(8  7)  ˆj (8  3)  kˆ(14  6) (4iˆ  3ˆj  12k).(i

ˆ ˆ  0ˆj  0k)
ˆ
cos  
 iˆ  5 ˆj  8kˆ 42  32  122 . 12  02  02
17. (a) 45°
18. (a) 4  1  3  0  12  0
  
19. (b) v  u  at 169

v  (3iˆ  4ˆj)  10(0.4iˆ  0.3ˆj) 4
cos  
  13
v  7iˆ  7ˆj  |v|  7 2
20. (d) P(t)  A(ˆjcos kt  ˆjsin kt)  4 
  cos 1  
 13 
dP(t) 23.(c) Velocity is perpendicular to acceleration
F
dt  
 v .a  0  6  4  c
d  c   6 / 4  1.5
F A(ˆi cos kt  ˆjsin kt)
dt    
24.(b) A  B  B  A
 A(ˆi sin kt(k)  ˆjcos kt(k)) Changes in direction only

F  Ak(ˆi sin kt  ˆjcos kt)

Angle between two vectors is 

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 EXEPLANATION
a
2. (a) P   
CHAPTER-2  
2
v

UNIT & MEASUREMENT MLT 2 a 

 6
L2 L
-1
a   ML5 T 2
1. (c) Energy = kg m2/s2
3. (c) T  Ra T  fb T  Gc
Fr 2 3
2. (b) G m
Mm kg s2  T   KR a f bGc 
3. (a) F=1×g=g  F = ma, b c
m = g kg M0L0 T1  La ML3  M1L3 T 2 
-2  M b cLa 3b 3c T 2c
comparing power
1. (b) 1 1
c , b  c  0, bc
2 2
a – 3b + 3c = 0
8 31   1  1
Arc = RQ = 3.34  10   a  3      3   0
60 180  2  2
 3.46  106 m a=0
Arc 1.276  107 K
2.(b) R   3.84  108 m T
   54   fG
1  180  60  180 
 
-5
4 3
r
3. (a) d
vol
 3 = 2.5l × 10–1cm 1. (b) 200 × 10–4m can be easily calculated upto
Area lxb 0.0001.
-3 2. (a) 1, conceptual
3. (c) 3, conceptual
4. (b) 9.44, conceptual
1
 L  MLT L 5. (a) 15.8, one is to be added A/c to rule.
1. (d)  m    L2 T 1
M 6. (c) 9.54, conceptual
7. (b) 9.52, conceptual
2
8. (d) 3498 after rounding becomes 3500.
 EJ2  ML T ML T 
2 2 2 1

2. (a)  5 2   M0L0 T0 9. (a) (100 + 0.999)m = 101m significant figure

m n 1 3 2 2
  M M L T 
5
should remains "3".
10. (c) Rule of significant figure substraction.
2 2
hc  E  ML T L 11. (a) in 10.85, there are 4 significant figure.
3. (a) E , h   C    ML2 T 1 in 0.0001234, there are 4 significant figure.
 LT 1
-6
-4

1. (a) G  6.67  10 11 Nm2kg 2 in c.n.s x  a 

1. (a) x  a n,  n  
x  a 
2 2
G  6.67  1011 105 dyne  100cm  1000g  2. (c) Error in l = 2%
2 g = 4%
 6.67  108  dyne   cm2   g 

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 Hints & Solutions
1
4. (c) a = 1.2 × 10–2 m
l l 2 v = a3 = (1.2 × 10–2)3
T  2  2   = 1.728 × 10–6 = 1.7 × 10–6 m3
g g 
5. (c) A conversion factor
1 1  Topic 2 : Units and Dimension
T    2   4  %  3%
2 2 
6. (c) Both L/R and RC are time constant.
3. (b) power multiplied in % error.
Q kg m2s 2
i.e. % error in x =  a  b  c  % 7. (a) L 
m kg
m
4. (a) f  ml 3
l3 L   L2T 2 
% error in f = (1 × 3 + 3 × 2)% = 9%
5. (d) 100% cm = 100 + 0.1cm
stress
0.1
 100%  0.1% 8. (c)  
% error =
100
strain
-7 strain is dimensionless

F   MLT 2   1 2 
1. (b) Pitch = 0.5mm strain      ML T 
Pitch 0.5  A   L2  
L.C.   mm  0.005mm
No.of divion c.s 100 9. (b) Impulse = force × time
zero error = 2 × 0.005 = 0.01mm thus impulse has different dimension than
Reading = 8 × 0.5mm + 83 × 0.005mm – force.
0.01mm = 4.405mm
 F r2   MLT 2L2 
2. (c) 10 V.S.D = 9 MSD G   
10. (d) 2   2 
1 MSD = 1mm  m   m 
1 MSD – 1 VSD = 1mm – 0.9mm = 0.1mm
Reading = 10mm + 1 × 0.1 = 10.1mm G  M1L3 T 2 
mass = 2.736gm
mass 2.736 11. (b) [F] = [MLT–2]
density = volume  1.01cm 3 g  2.66g / cc [P] = [ML–1T–2]
  [V] = [LT–1]
3. (a) 1 MSD = 1mm [a] = [LT–2]
10 VSD = 9 MSD
L.C. = 0.1mm  MLT 2  2 

zero error = 5 × 0.1mm = 0.5mm 12. (a) [Surface Tension] =  L   MT 
 
Reading = 3.1cm + 4 × 0.1mm – 0.5mm
–1 –1
[Viscosity] = [ML T ]
= (31 + 0.4 – 0.5)mm = 3.09cm
13. (c)
LEVEL - I 14. (c) [Moment of inertia] = [ML2]
[Moment of force] = [ML2T–2]
Topic : 1 Basic 15. (a) [MLT–2][a][T]
1. (c) v = 2.0 × 1012 dynes cm–2 = n Nm–2 [a] = [MLT–3]
2.0 × 1012 dynes cm–2 [MLT–2] = [bT2]
= n 105 dynes (100 cm)–2 [b] = [MLT–4]
n = 2.0 × 1011 p
 MLT 2L2  2 1 q 1 r
2. (c) 0.5 g cm–3 = n kg m–3 2 2
16. (a) ML T    2  ML T  LT 
0.5 g cm–3 = n (1000g) (100cm)–3  M 
0.5 × 103 = n p q r
n = 5 × 102 M1L3 T 2  ML2 T 1  LT 1 
3. (a) 106 dynes/cm2 = n N/m2
106 dynes cm–2 = n (105 dynes) (100cm)–2  ML2 T 2   M  p q L3p 2q  r T 2p q r 
n = 105 –p+q=1
n = 105 N/m2 3p + 2q + r = 2
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 –2p – q – r = –2
27. (b) m   0.3  0.003 gm
5q + r = 5
–3q – r = –4 r   0.5  0.005  mm
1
2q = 1 q= l   6.0  0.016 cm
2
m d m  r  l
3 d    2 
 r  4 r 2 l d m  r  l
2
0.003 0.005 0.06
3 5 1 1   100  2   100   100
r  4  p 1   0.3 0.5 6.0
2 2 2 2 = 1 + 2 + 1 = 4%
E Watts 28. (b) T  20  0.15
17. (d)  T 4  
At M2K 4 0.1
%T   100  0.5%
density of substance 20
18. (c) Relative density =
density of water 1
29. (d) % x = 2% a + 2% b + % c + %d
19. (d) Planck's constant = h 2
nh x  a   b  c 1  d 
angular momentum =  2   2    
2 x  a   b  c 2 d 
20. (d) watt-sec represents energy kilowatt-hour
represents energy eV represents energy J-s 1
=2×2+3×1+3+4 ×
represents energy x time. 2
21. (b) Tension is a force. = 4 + 3 + 3 + 2 = 12%
surface tension is force per unit length. 30. (a) x = MaLbTc
nh % x=a% M+b% L+c% T
22. (b) Angular momentum =  a  b  c
2
[Angular momentum] = [mvr] = [MLT–1L] 31. (d) R1   6  0.3  k
= [ML2T–1]
R 2  10  0.2 k
2 
23. (c) K     K   L–1 
   1

1

1
R
60 15

R R1 R 2 16 4
Topic 3 : Error R R1 R 2
 2  2
1.49  1.50  1.52  1.54  1.48 R2 R1 R2
24. (b) nmean 
5 R 15  0.3 0.2 
100     100
= 1.506 = 1.51 R 4  36 100 
0.02  0.01  0.01  0.03  0.03
nmean   0.02 15  30 20  15  75  18 
5   
4  18 100  4  90 
0.02
%n   100  1.32% 93 15 93
1.51     3.875%
25. (d) % r = 2% 90 4 24
4 3 32. (c) [H] = [i]a[R]b[T]c
V r H  l  R t
3  2   
% V = 3% r = 3 × 2 =6% H  l  R t
26. (b) R = V/i solving it we get
% R=% V+% i H = i2Rt
5 0.2 % H = 2% i + % R + % t
  100   100  5  2  7% = 2 × 2 + 1 + 1 = 6%
100 10

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 Hints & Solutions
33. (b) KE  mv 2 V=1
% KE = % m + 2% V V  % v 1 3
V    0.03cm3
k m  v  100 100
  2  = 2 + 2 × 3 = 8% 41. (a) thickness = external radius – internal radius
k m  v 

L   4.23  0.01   3.89  0.01

34. (c) T  2
g
  0.34  0.02 cm
T2 L L g L  T  42. (c) I = mr2
2
  g  4 2 2    2 
4 g T g L  T  % I = % m + 2% r
= (1 + 6)% = 7% . = 1 + 2 × 2 = 5%
= 1 – 2 × (–3) = 7% 43. (b) l  5.0cm  0.1cm
m d  4.00cm  0.01cm
35. (b) density = % v = 2% d + % l
l3
% density = % m + 3% l
0.01 0.1
d m  l   2  100   100  0.5  2
   3   = 4 + 3 × 3 = 13% 4.0 5.0
d m  l  = 2.5%
F Topic 4 : Significant Figures
36. (d) P 
l2
44. (d) Area = r2 = 3.14 × (2.12)2 = 14.1
f F  l  45. (b) The answer should have three significant
  2 
f F  l  figures.
46. (c) 0.38 × 10–5 + 4.2 × 10–5
% P = % F + 2% l = 4 + 2 × 2 = 8%
4.58 × 10–5 = 4.6 × 10–5
4 3
37. (C) Volume = r 47. (d) 18.425 Rounding off to minimum decimal
3
7.21
V  r 
Volume  3  5.0
V  r 
30.635
2
Area = 4r
digits gives 30.6.
A  r  48. (a) 7.26 – 0.2 = 7.06 J
 2 
A  r  Rounding off to least decimal digits
38. (a) Systematic errors we get 7.1 J.
49. (d) 107.88 × 0.610 = 65.8068
2.63  2.56  2.42  2.71  2.80
39. (b) Tmean   2.62 Rounding off to three signficant digits we get
5 65.8
0.01  0.06  0.2  0.09  0.18 50. (b) Area should contain two significant digits as
Tmean 
5 in the radius.
51. (c) 11.118 × 10–6 all the non zero digits are
 0.108  0.11
significant = 5.
40. (a) L  10.0  0.1 52. (a) 2.3 + 0.02015 + 0.02017 = 2.34032
B  1.00  0.01 Rounding off to minimum decimal digits = 2.3.
t  0.100  0.001 LEVEL - II
% v=% L+% B+% t
1. (a) [M] = [F]a[T]b[V]c  [MLT–2]a[T]b[LT–1]c
0.1 0.01 0.001 [M] = [MaLa+cT–2a+b–c]
  100   100   100 a=1 a+c=0
10 1 0.1
–2a + b – c = 0 c = –1
= 1 + 1 + 1 = 3%

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 v0 1
2. (a) x


1  e t
2

 %T 
40
 100  2.5%

 t   M L T
2 0 0 0
 T 
%T  T 2.5  40
  0.055
100 100  20
    T –2   v 0   LT –2 
13. (c)       a A bF c 
3. (b) VA ut   
a b c
3 2  1   ML1T 2   LT 1  LT 2  MLT 2 
L   L  LT   T 
 ML1T 2   Mc La b c T  a 2b 2c 
 t 3   L2  T  
c=1
2    3 –    0 a + b + c = –1
4. (b) Torque = Force × distance a + b = –2
Torque = Work –a – 2b –2c = –2
Torque = Energy a + 2b + 2c = 2
5. (d) [BD] = [M0L0T0] –2 + b + 2c = 2
[AD] = [C] b + 2c = 4
[A – C] is not meaningfull. b=2 a = –4
6. (c) 1 cal. = 4.2 J     FA 2V 4 
2 2
= 4.2 kg m2s2 = n  kg   m   s 
n2  n1
 4.2  n  2 2 14. (d) N  D x  x
2 1

n = 4.2  1 2  2 [N] = [L–2T–1]

[n1] = [n2] = [L–3]
7. (b) [A] = [F]
[dx] = [F–1] [L–3 ]
[d] = [F–1L–1] [L–2T–1] = [D]
L
[A.d] = [L–1] [D] = [L2T–1]
8. (c) KE  v 2
15. (a) [V] = [L3T–1]
2 [P] = [ML–1T–2]
KEf  KEi 1.3v   v2  100
%KE   100  [] = [ML–1T–1]
KEi v2
16. (b) [v2] = [a]m[s]n
= 69% [LT–1]2 = [LT–2]m[L]n
9. (b) Least count = 100 ms = 0.1 sec L2T–2 = Lm+nT–2m
10. (c) x = yz m+n=2
x' = (1.1y) (0.9z) –2m = –2
x' = 0.99yz m=1 n=1
x' = 0.99x
1
17. (c) 0E2 represents energy density
x1  x 2
% x=  100  0.01  100  1.1
x
1 Energy
v E10  0 E 2 
11. (d) R  2 Volume
i
% R = % v + % i = 3 + 3 = 6%  ML2 T 2  1  2

L 3   ML T 
12. (a) % l = 0  
l l 18. (d) conceptual
T  2 g  42 2
g T2 19. (b) P  P0e t
% g = 2% T  t 2   M0 L0 T 0       T 2 
T = 40  1sec
20. (d) Both (a) and (c)

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 Hints & Solutions
l [M]n [MLT–2L–1] y
2
21. (c) T  = [Mx+y] [T–2y]
g
x + y =0
l –2y = –1
2
g   LT 2       T  1 1
g
  y= x=–
2 2
B A
22. (d)   A  31. (d) m
2 B
B
   2  M  MLT 2 
M      
  L   B 
B  L2    Area  B  L2 T 2 
23. (d) x = Ay + B tan C (7)
Q  ML2 T 2 
[x] = [Ay] = [B] L    M    M
2 –2
  L T 
[C 7] = [M0L0T0] = [C] = [7–1]    
24. (c) F = A sin Ct + B cos Dx a  t2
[A] = [B] = [F] 32. (b) P 
bx
[C] = [T–1] [D] = [L–1]
a 
C 1 P  
 D   [LT ]  b x 
a 
 b    P  x   ML T  L    ML T 
1 2 0 2
p  MLT 2LT 1 
25. (a) P  Vi  V   
i  A  33. (b) V = lbt
[V] = [ML2T–3A–1]
V  b t
% V=% l+% b+% t    
26. (b) y  r sin  t  kx  V  b t
[ ]  [T –1 ] 0.01 0.01 0.01
  100   100   100
[k]  [L ] –1 15.12 10.15 5.28
= 0.067 + 0.098 + 0.189 = 0.35%
1
  T  1
W1 8.05
 k    L1   [LT ] 34. (d) fn  W  W  2.1  3.83
 
1 2

1
27. (d) c  8.05 8.05
 0 0 frmax    4.2368
7.95  6.05 1.9
1 4.2368  4 23.68
0  0  % r   100   5.92%
c2 4 4
[ 0  0 ]  [L2 T 2 ] 1
2 2
28. (d) P = Fa Vb Dc 36. (a) x  a b
c c3
 M
[MLT–1] = [T–1]a[LT–1]b  L3  x 1  a   b   c 
    2   3 
c=1 x 2 a   b   c 
b – 3c = 1 b=4
x 1
–a – b = –1 a = –3  1%   2  3%   3 2%   12.5% 
29. (a) 7.01 × 10–3 x 2
= 10 × 10–3 = 10–2 V
order of mag. = –2 37. (d) R 
I
30. (a) [f] = [M]x [K]y
[T–1] = [M]m [FL–1]y %R  %V  %I

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 0.5 0.2 5. (a) Work done & kinetic energy both have same
  100   100 dimension thus can be added.
8 4
6. (a) Arithmetic operation can not increase the
50 20 25  20 45 accuracy of a measured data.
     11.25%
8 4 4 4 7. (a) Smaller least count given more precision.

ab2 Section-C
39. (d) x  (Takshila Challengers)
c
1 1 1 1
%x  % a  2%b  %c 1. (a)  
2 R R1 R 2

3 R1  5.0  0.2 R 2  10.0  0.1

 4  2x 2  %  9.5%
2 10
R
3
L2 
40. (b)  A   u   R   R1 R 2 
 12  100     R  2  2   100
L   R   R1 R2 
 
10  0.2 0.1  10
     100   0.9   3%
B   L2  3  25 100  3
10 3
1 R    0.1
 4   11 2  3 100
 A  B  ML2 T 2  L 2 2
  ML T 
    1 1 1
2. (a)  
2
f v u
r R 1 1 1
50. (d) f   %f  2%r  %R  %l  
l
f 50.1 20%
 2
0.02
 100 
1
 100 
0.01
 100
f  14.3cm  F1  14.3cm
0.24 30 4.8  v u 
f  f 2  2  2 
 16.67  3.33  0.21  20% v u 
51. (d) M  v a f bg c 2
 0.2 0.5 
 14.3   2
   0.14
a b
M  LT 1  ML3  LT 2 
c
  20.1 50.12 
3. (a) formula based
M  MbLa 3b c T a 2c 
b=1 a – 3b + c = 0 –a – 2c = 0 g l T
4. (d)  2
a+c=3 – a – 2c = 0 g l T
a=6 We get minimum error is g when
Section-B l  1mm, T  0.1sec .
(Assertion and Reason Type) 5. (c) TP d Ea b c

1. (d) Light year is the distance traveled by light [M0L0 T1 ]  [ML1T 2 ]a [ML3 ]b [ML2 T 2 ]c
in one year.
a  b  c  0 a  3b  2c  0 2a  2c  1
2. (b) Bo th stateme nts are co rrect. Derived
quantities are defined in form of base 1
ac 
quantities. 2
dv 5 1 1
3. (c) a change in vel. her same units and a , b , c
dt 6 2 3
velocity. 5
4. (c) We may have unit less constants like bca   1.67
3
reparative index. Radian is the unit of angle
which is dimensionless.

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 Hints & Solutions

V  At 3 
B Section-D
6. (a)
t (Previous Years Questions)
[L3 ] energy
Dimension formula of A   L3 T 3
[T 3 ] 1. (a) (1) Energy dinesty =
volume
Dimension formula of B  [L3 ][T][L3 T] ML1T 2  1 2
7. (c) t  S a R b c = L3   ML T 
 
[M0L0 T1 ]  [ML0 T 2 ]a [L]b[ML3 ]c (2) Refractive sides has no dimension
Comparing the dimension, (3) Young's modulus
a  c  0 2a  1 b  3c  0 F  MLT 2 |L| 1 2
Y    ML T 
c
1
a
1
b
3 A  [L2 ][Ll  
2 2 2
(4) Magnetic field
3
R  F
t  k
s B
I

 MT 2 A 1  
x
8. (d) y force mass  acceleration
3z 2 2. (d) Pressure, P = 
area area
Dimension of x = [M1L2 T 2Q2 ]
M1LT –2 
 1 –1 –2   a b c 
  P  = L2  = M L T   M L T 
1 1
Dimension of z = [MT Q ]
3 2 4 4
 
 Dimension of y = [M L T Q ]
 a = 1, b = – 1, c = 2
But Q = AT
3. (c) Energy density of an electric field E is
3 2 8 4
 Dimension of y = [M L T A ]
1
uE  0E 2 where 0 is permittivity of free
9. (a) f  ma dbc 2
[M0L0 T 1 ]  [M]a [L]b[M1L1T 2 ]c space.
2 2
a  c  0 b  c  0 2c  1 Energy ML T 
ue    ML1 T 2 
1 1 1 volume L3 
a b c
2 2 2
1
dm Hence, the dimension of 0 E2 is  ML1 T 2  .
2
f= k

4. (c) Damping force, F  v or F  kv
yw.l where k is the constant of proportionality
10. (b) y 
D2 x  k= F/v = M/ms–1 = kg ms–2 /ms–1 = kg s–1
 y   D  x L
   2   a 3 b2
 y max  D  x L 5. (c) As P  % error in P is
cd

P   a   b  c d 
 0.001  0.001 0.1  100  3    2    100
 2    4.89% P a  b  c d 
 0.05  0.125 110   
= [3 × 1% + 2 × 2% + 3% + 4%] = 14%
y  2.24  1011N
6. (d) : Let mass m  F a v b T c or m  kF a V b T c ...(i)
4.89 where k is a dimensionless constant and a, b and
y  y  11  109 Nm 2
100 c are the exponents.
11. (a) m  20.17  20.15  0.02 g Writing dimensions on both sides, we get

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 a b
ML0 T 0   MLT 2  LT 1   T c = Mx  y L x 3 y  z T  x 
Applying the priniciple of homogeneity of
 ML0 T 0   Ma La  b T 2a  b  c 
dimensions, we get
Applying the principle of homogeneity of x + y = 0; –x – 3y + z = 1; –x = – 1
dimensions, we get On solving, we get
a=1 x = 1, y = –1, z = –1
a+b=0 13. (d) Work = Force × displacement
–2a – b + c = 0 Torque = Force × force arm
Solving equation (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get = mass × acceleration × length
a = 1, b = – 1, c = 1 = [M] × [LT–2] × [L] = [ML2T–2]
From equation (i), [m] = [FV–1T]
1/2 1
7. (b) Let surface tension   Ea Vb T c . Using the 14. (c)  µ0  0  
µ 0 0
 c : speed of light
dimensions of  , E, V and T and equating power
of M, L and T, find the values of a, b and c. The where 0 = permittivity of free space
correct choice is (b) µ0 = permeability of free space
8. (b) As n1u1 = n2u2 So dimensions are [LT–1]
g 100g 1
4  n2  n2  40 15. (b) 0 E2 represents energy density i.e., energy per
cm3 10 cm 
3
2
unit volume.
q2
9. (d) 0  2 unif of 0 (coulomb)2/newton - 1 MLT 2
(r )4F   E 2
  ML1T 2
  2 0 
 2
L 
metre2
10. (a)   AT 4  Work done
E is energy dissipated per second. 16. (c) [Energy density] =
 Volume
E Watt
 4
 2 4 ML2 T 2
AT m K =  ML1T 2
L3
2 e 3 2 [Young's Modulus] =
11. (d) Dimensions of 4 [F  d ]  ML T 
 F   MLT 2 L
0

Dimensions of G = [M–1L3T–2],  A    .  ML1T 2

  L2 L
Dimensions of c [LT–1]
17. (c) Dimensions of Resistance,
p
2
 e  q r
  G C R
 V   ML2 T 3I1   ML2 T 3 I2 
 4 0   
I 1
1 3 2 p
1 3 2 1 q r
 L   ML T  M L T  LT  18. (d) Dimension of a.t = dimension of velocity
On comparing both sides and solving, we get a.t  LT 1  a  LT 2
1/2 Dimension of c = dimension of t
1 1 1  Ge2  (two physical quantity of same dimension can
p  , q  and r = –2      2  
2 2 c  40  only be added)
So, dimension of c = T
12.(c)  v c   x  y r z  (given)
b
...(i) Dimension of = Dimension of v
tc
writing the dimensions of various quantitites in
equation (i), we get b
 LT 1  b.T 1  LT 1  b  L
x y z TT
 M0 LT 1  = ML1T 1  ML3 T 0  M0 LT 0 
      So, answer is LT–2, L & Y
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 Hints & Solutions

2 di
Planck 's cons tan t 25. (c) e  –L ...(1)
19. (b)  n dt
Moment of inertia I e = iR ....(2)

 nh  di
From (1) & (2), iR = –L
 As 2  I dt
 
 Dimension of L.H.S = Dimension of R.H.S
2I  2f   4 2 
=  .f    T 1  L
nI  n  [A]R = L[AT–1]   T
R
G M1m1 F r2
20. (b) F  r2
 G 
M1m2
26. (c) Try out the given alternatives.
when x = 1, y = – 1, z = 1
[MLT 2 ][L2 ] Pc
 dimension of G is = M 1L3 T 2 P x Sy C z  P1S1c 1 
[M][M] S
21. (d) We know tht E = hv
ML1T 2  LT 1  0 0 0

E ML T 
2 2
= ML2 T 2 /L2 T   M L T 
h  1
 ML2 T 1   
v  T 
B
Angular momentum = I 27. (a) µ  ; B   MT 2 A 1 ,  n  L1  I  A
nI
= ML2   T 1   ML2 T 1  B 2 2
22. (a) Dimension of magnetic flux  nI   MLT A 
 
= Dimension of voltage × Dimension of time 28. (d) Substitute the dimensional formula of F, A,
V and Z on both sides and find the that for
2 2 1 2 2 1
= ML T A   T   ML T A 

work
 Voltage  29. (d) f  c mx k y ;
ch arg e
Spring constant k = force / length
23. (d) F  6av
 M0 L0 T 1   M x (MT 2 )y   M x  y T 2y 
2
F MLT 
    ML1T 1  1
6av  L  LT 1    x+ y = 0, – 2y = – 1 or y 
2

 a  Q 1
24. (a)  P  2   b Therefore, x  
 V  V 2
According to the the principle of homogeinity 30. (d) For angular momentum, the dimensional formula
quantity with same dimension can be added or is ML2 T 1 . For other three, it is ML–1T–2.
subtracted. 31. (b) [Angular momentum]
a = [Momentum of inertia] × [Angular velocity]
Hence, Dimension of P = Dimension of = ML2 × T–1
V2
= ML2T–1
Force a 32. (b) Error in the measurnement of radius of a
 Dimension of = Dimension of 2
Ar e a V sphere = 2%
 4 3
volume of the sphere = r
 MLT 2
 a 5 2
3
 2   3 2  a  ML T 
 L  L  r
 Error in the volume = 3.  3  2%  6%
r
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 Mass  % age error = 8%
33. (d) Density = 35. (c) Least count = 1MSD – 1 VSD
Volume
 N  1
M M = 1 MSD –   MSD
   N 
L3 L3
 M L  N 1 
 3  NVSD  (N  1)MSD 1VSD  MSD 
 M L  N 

% error in density = % error in mass 1 1 1 1

= MSD   cm 
+ 3 (% error in N N 10 10N
length) 36. (b) Density, D = M/V
= 4 + 3(3) = 13%
D M V  0.01 0.1 
 m   D  M  V   22.42  4.7   100  2%
 100   2 and  
34. (c) Percentage error in mass 
 m 
a1  a 2  a 3  a 4  a 5  a 6
percentage error in speed   1.51
6
 v  (ii) Absolute error,
  100   3
 v   a1   1.03,  a 2   0.02,  a 3  0.07 
v 3 m 2
  and 
v 100 m 100  a 4   0.03,  a 5   0.05,  a 6  0.06 
1 (iii) Mean Absolute error = a
kinetice energy = mv 2  mv 2 .
2
E rror in measurement of 
 a1   a2    a3    a4    a5    a6 
kinetic energy n
= 0.04
m  v 
 2  a 0.04
m  v  (iv) Relative error =   0.026
a 1.51
By Binomial Function,
a
 m   v  (v) Percentage error =  100%  2.6%
Reqd. error =    2   a
 m   v 
Final value = 1.51  2.6% &
 2   3  8
=   2    8% 1.51  0.04 
 100   100  100

 2   3  8
   2    8%
 100   100  100

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 Hints & Solutions

EXEPLANATION
50
o =  25km / h
2
CHAPTER-1 Total distance = OA + AB
MOTION IN STRIGHT LINE = 40 + 30 = 70 m
dis tan ce 70
-1 average speed = total time  2  35km / h
   (b) 25 km/h, 35 km/h
1. (c) Displacement = AB  OB  OA
2. (b) Position x = 6 + 18t + 9t2

1.5ˆj  1.5ˆj = 3ˆj  dx d  6  18t  9t 
2

Distance = r velcoity 
dt dt
= 3.14 × 1.5 = 4.71 m
  dx n 
2. (a) Displacement vector = OC  40iˆ  30ˆj     nx n1 
 dt 

OC  402  302 = 50 m v = 18 + 18 t
velocity at t = 2 sec
distance =OA + AB + BC v = 18 +36 = 54 m/s
= 50 + 40 + 20 = 110 m
g 2
(a) 110, 50 3. (a) displacement of body S = t
3. (c) r = 100 m 2
One cycke complete in 40 sec. ds
If t = 2 min 20 sec velocity v =  gt = gt
dt
one cycle complete - 40 sec
three cycle complete – 120 sec or 2 min -3
half cycle complete – 20 sec
distance covenis one cyle = 2r 1. (a) dispalcement  t3
S = kt3
1
Total complete cycle = 3    3.5  ds
2 velocity v   3kt2
dt
Total distance = 3.5  2r
= 3.5  2  3.14  100 dv d(3kt 2 )
acceelration a   = a = 6kt
Total distance = 2200 m dt dt
Net displacement = AB = 2r = 2 × 100 = 200 m 2. (d) v  180  16x
(c) 2200 m, 200m
v2  180  16x
-2 diffl.. on both side w.r.t t
 d(v 2 ) d
1. (b) S  xiˆ   – y  ˆj  180  16x 
dt dt

S  40iˆ  30ˆj 2vdv
 –16v
 2 2 dt
S   40    30 
a  8m / s 2
Displacement = 50 m
time = 2h 3. (a) Given x 2   x
differentiate on both side w.r.t t
 net displacement 
average velocity = (Total time) dt dx 2  dx
 
dt dt dt
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 Hints & Solutions
1  2xv  v Put t = 5 sec
3
log x = log 2  
1 2
v
 2x    x  22/3
again differntiate ve w.r.t t x  2 2m
dv d  1  3. (a) Given a  –k v
  
dt d  2x   
dv dv dx dv
a  .  .v
2  1  dt dx dt dx
a 2
.v  v  
 2x      2x     dv
.v  –kv1/2
dx
a  –2v3
0 x

negative sign idicate retardation =  2v 3  –  v1/2dv   kdx

v0 v0
-4
3/2
2 3/2 2.v
.v0  kx  x
1. (c) The accleration of particle a  3t2  2t  2 3 3k
given intial velcoity VI  2m /s -5
dv 1. (a) Q – S = vt
a  3t2  2t  2
dt
1 2
S at
dv   3t 2  2t  2  dt 2
v 2 2v
t
 dv   3t  2t  2 dt
2
a
2 0
2. (d) vf  100m /s
v  2  t 3  t 2  2t]20
vi  200m /s
v2 844
v = 18 m/s (t = 2) reatardation a.
2. (a) velocity of particle  x v 2f  u2i – 2as
vx
2 2 2a  10
dx 100    200   –
 kx 100
dt
2
dx 3  104  a
10
 x  kdt
retardation a  15  10 4 m /s
10gx = kt + C
Given t = 0 , x = 2. 3. (a) Distance : first 5 sec
find euqution log  k  0  c ; c log  2 1
10 = 5U  a 25
logx = kt + log2 2
again given t = 10, x = 4 4  2u  5a ...(i)
log 4 = k.10 + log 2 distance 10m ; next 3 sec.
2 log 2= k 10 + log 2
1
log 2 20  8U  a 64
k= 2
10
5  2u  8a ...(ii)
Final equationof displaement
From equation (i) equatin (ii) we get
 t  u = 7/6
log x  log 2   1
 10 
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 Hints & Solutions
a = 1/3 v
again find distance x : next 2 sec –  1  e t
b
1
x + 20 = U × 10 + a102 v  b 1  e  t 
2
2. (c) Student using your imagination power into
70 100
x + 20 =  the graph. Find solution without writting
6 6 fiugre
x = 8.3m The direction of resultant velocity is same at
4. (b) F   m.4  N P & C point.
So that C is correct option
According to question
m  2m
3. (b) Area of a – x
F = 2ma
4m = 2ma V= v 2  2gM = 66.33 m/s = 60
a = 2 m/s 4. (a) Conceptual.
5. (a) distance travel in nth sec.
1
1 5. (d) S= a (16)
Sn  U  a  2T  1 2
2
U=0 5 5 15 2
a= = =  t
a 7a 8 4 2 8 
S4   2  4  1  t = 2 sec
2 2
vf = 0.
a 5a
S3   2  3  1   tan 30º 
dv
2 2 6. (b)
dx
7a dv
S4
 2 
7  acceleration a  v dx
S3 5a 5
2 a   v tan 30º at x  0, v  2m s (from figure)
so, a  2 tan 30º
-6
2
1. (b) Equation of AB line a m s2 .
3
a  –v  b
-7
dv
 –v  b 1.(c) Let both balls meet at point P after time t.
dt
dv 1 2
 –v  b The distance travelled by ball A, h1  gt
dt 2
The distance travelled by ball B,
dv
 dt 1 2
  b
v B , h 2  ut  gt
2
Taking integration on both side...
v t h1  h2  400m
dv
0 v  b  0 dt  ut  400, t  400 /50  8m

v
 h1  320m and h 2  80m.
ln  v  b  0  t
2.(c) v  2gh  v  2  10  5  v  10m / s
v b time taken by ball to attain max height
ln    t
 b  v  u  at  0  u    t  1sec .
so each ball in one second or 60 balls per min.
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 Hints & Solutions
3.(b) v2  u2  2as 1
2. (c) 48  10  t   1t 2
2 2 2
v   20   2  10  200
t2  20t  96  0
v2  400  4000
t2  8t  12t  96  0
v2  4400
t  t  8   12  t  8   0
v  44  10  66 m s.
4.(b) Let at point A initial velocity of body is equal  t  8  t  12  0
to zero t = 8, t = 12
for path AB: v 2  0  2gh t = 8s is correct
t = 12 s is wrong because at t = 10 s person
2
For path AC:  2v   0  2gx cross the bus and return back.

4v 2  2gx 
3. (d) vesc 
Solving (i) and (ii) x=4h. 60
5.(b) When a body slides on an inclinde plane, 
vman 
component of weight along the plance 90
produces an acceleration. Time when both move in escalortor
 
a  g sin θ  Constnt t 
v   = 90  60  90  60
If s is the length of the inclined plane, then  90  60 150
90 60
1 2 1 t  18  2  36sec
s at  g sin θ  t 2
2 2 4. (b) Ttrain  10m /s
Hence, t  2s.
Tparrot  5m / s
1
6.(c) Using, s  ut  gt 2 VPT  VP  VT
2
VPT  –5 – 10  15m /s
we get 81  12t  1  10  t 2
2 150
t  10sec
15
i.e., t  5.4s
5. (a) VA  VB  6
1 2
7.(a) As, h  ut  gt VA  VB  4
2
Solving equation (i) & equation (ii)
Here, u  0, g  10ms 2 , t  4s
2VA  10
1
 h  0  4   10  42  80m . VA  5m /s
2
-8 VB  5  6 VB  1m /s
6. (d) vri  v1  v2
1. (b) Effective accleration
vrf  0
aeff = – g
Newton's third law of motion.
vi  0m /s
2
o   v1  v 2   2ad
h  –2.5m
2
1 2 v 1  v2 
h  ut  at d
2 2a
1
–2.5  0t   10t2 7. (d) v AB  6  4  2m /s
2
1 d 8
25 = 50t2 t sec t   4sec .
2 v AB 2

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 Hints & Solutions

LEVEL - I  5 
 2  4
2S 2
Topic :1 Position, Path length & Vave   
displacement  S 5  (2.5  4)
  
1.(a) Time period = 40 sec  2.5 4 
t = 2 min = 120 sec = 40 × 3
three round complete 20
Total displacement = zero
Vavg   3.077 km / h
6.5
2. (a) Since the lest five covering 5m land the 8.(c) Let total distance = 8
dunrkare fell into the pit, displacement prior
to theis is 11 – 5 m = 6m. S
Time taken for edigit steps (displacement in 3  V1  20 km / h

first eight steps
= 5 – 3 = 2m) = 8s. Then time taken to cover S
2  V2  60 km / h
first 6m of jouney 3 
6
=  8  24s S
2 Vavg 
 S 2S 
Time taken to cover last 5m = 5s   
Total time = 24 + 5 = 29s.  3V1 3V2 

3. (b) x  2  8t  4t
2
 t = 0 to t = 2 sec  3V1.V2  3  20  60
= =
x (V2  2 V1 ) (60  20  2)
U  (8  8 t)
t 3  20  60
t  1sec =   36 km / h
U  0, 8  8t  0 , 100
t  1sec x1  2  8  4  6m (25  4)
t  2sec x 2  2  16  16  2m 25 5 Vavg   S 
9. (a) 100   =
15 3   4
t = a; x 0  2m 3 
6m D C
A B
2m 4m
total distance = (6  4  2)  8M
4.(d) Path Length is sclar quantity  ve
V=15m/sec
displacement is a vector quantity
d A a=25 B
 1  3  5  15m / sec
5.(d) d  S = 
|S| 10(a) From t = 0 to t = 6 sec.
x(m)
Topic : 2 Average Velocity & Average
60
Speed 40
AK A2
2S
2  40  66 10
6.(b) Ave speed =  = 48 m d3
 S S  100 t(sec)
   6 10
 40 60 
50 25
7.(b) S  6km  V  2.5km / h U1   m / sec figure
6 3
From t = 6 sec to t = 10 sec.

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 Hints & Solutions

30 15 x
U2   m / sec  x
4 2 x
(U1  6  V2  4) x x
Average Velocity = 1/2
10 x
0
.d    t
0

 25 15 
2 x  t
   6   4
=  3 2 
(t)
10 x
2
 50  30 
=  2m / sec 2 2
10 x t
4
11.(b) Set total distance = S
x  2
U  t
S 3V1V2 V3 dt 2
Vavg  
 S S 3  (U1 U 2  U 2 U3  U1 U3 ) 17.(b) x  a  bt 2  8.5  2.5t 2
   
 3V1 3V2 3V3  U  5t
t = 2 sec; V  10m / sec
Topic : 3 Instantaneous velocity & speed 18.(c) Instantaneous speed
12.(a) S  6R  t 3 19.(d) V  2t (3  t)

3 V
Velocity of particle U   (12 t  3t 2 )  2t( 1)  2(3  t)  1  0
t t
V=0
3
12t  3t 2  0 t  3  t  0 t  1.5sec.
2
12
t  4sec
3 V1  (6  4 t)
13.(c) S  12t  3t 2  2t 3
2V 3
  4 at t 
s 2 2
 t 2
U  12  6t  6t 2
t  Vmax
t = 0, U  12m / sec
20.(a) V1  V2
14.(a) Uniform motion that means velocity do not
change w.r.t. time 21.(c) Instantaneous speed is negative at E.

v
22. (b) x  a  bt 2
a = 15cm, b = 3 cm, t = 3.5 sec.
2
x  (15  3t )
dx
U  6t
t dt
t=35 sec.
U  6  3  18cm / sec
15.(a) V   x
V
x 23. (b)  (6  3V)
 x t
t
V  (6  3V)dt

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 Hints & Solutions

V 27. (c) V  20  0.1t 2

 dt
V(6  3V) dv
a  0.2t
V dt
 ln 6  3V  acch varries with time t non-uniform acch.
  t
3 
0 28. (c)   3t 3  7t 2  st  8
 6  3V  V  9t 3  14t  5
   (3t)
 8  a  18t  14
at t  1sec
6  3V  6e t
a = 18  1  14  32m / s2
3V  6(1  e t )
29. (a) a  2(t  1) v?
V  2 (1  e3t )
at  t = 5 sec.
Topic : 4 Acceleration dV
 2(t  1)
dt
24. (c) x  at 2  bt 3
v  2(t  1) t
dx
U  2at  3bt 2 V  2  t 22  t   (t 2  2 t)
dt
t = 5 sec.
V V  25  10  15m / sec
a  20  6bt
t
a=0 30. (b) x t
2a a x 2  kt
t
6b 3b dx
3 2
2x k
25.(d)   (t  6 t  3t  4) dt
V  3t 2  12t  3 k k
V 
a  6t  12 2x 2
a=0 t = 2 sec 31. (c) V  144km / h t = 20 sec
Velocity at t = 2 sec. V  12  24  3
V t
V   9m / sec
32. (b) U  144km / h t  20sec
V u=0
26. (d)   KV 3 33. (c) Cont accn = a Variation speed = V
dt v
V  KV 3dt 12 2
V =v +2as
V t
3
 V v   Kt
V0 0

s
V 2  V02
 kt
2 V12  V 2  2a
V 2  2kt  V02
V0
V0 
2KV02  1

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 Hints & Solutions

S 240
a  16m / s2
15

1  72  5 
41. (d) V  72km / h     20 m / sec
34. (a) S  at 2  18 
g
t S = 200 m
V 2  u 2  2as
35.(a) A stone thrown up vertically returning back
(20)2  2  a  200
to the ground.
a  1m / 82
 t 1
36. (a) f  f 0 1   42. (b) S2  200  u 2  a  4
 T 2
dV  t u  a  100 .... (i)
 f 0 1  
dt  T 1
S4  S6  S2  (6  2)  a 0 (36  4)
V T T 2
 t  t2   T0 
0 dV  t o 1   t  t o t    t 0 T   220  4  16a
0 T  2T  0  2
 u  4a  55 ... (ii)
f0 t from equation (i) & (ii)
V 3a  4S
2
37.(d) Case-1 a  15m / s 2
a= constant, up to 4s   15m / sec
 v  t  x  t2 . V  4  7a
Case-2
After 4s, v = constant V  115  7  15  10cm / sec
 x t.  40  5 
43. (d) V  40 km / hr   m / sd  2m Case-I
Topic : 5 Kinematic Equations for  18 
uniformly accelerated motion
V 2  u 2  2aS
S1 (2  4  1)  7  O  (40) 2  2  a
38. (b)   
S3 (2  3  1)  5  2
39. (b) t = 20 sec  40  5 
   2a  2 .... (i)
 18 
1 1000
S1  a (20) 2  2
2 2  5
 80    2a  S1 ... (ii)
S2  S0  S1  18 
1 1 1 2
2
 a(202  102 )  (300)a  3S1
2 2 equation (i) & (ii) =   
 2  P1
40. (a)  0, S8  120M
S1  8m
1
S8  0  a(2T  1) 1
z 44.(a) 10  us  a(s) 2 ... (i)
2
1
120  0  a(16  1)
2

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 Hints & Solutions

1 1 99
10  (u 8  u s)  a(82  S2 ) h1  g (3) 2 
2 2 2
1 g
10  3  a(64  25) h1  (2 t  1)
z 2
1 h1  h 2
10  3  a(39) ... (ii)
g 9g g
 (2 t  1)
equation (i) ×3 & equ (ii) × 5 ... (iii) 2 2
1 2 t  10 (d  5sec)
30  50  a(52  3  39  5)
Z 48. (b) Time of flight T6  2t = 2  5  10sec
1 V    gt
20  a (75  795)
2 O    98  5
40  a ( 120)
  49m / sec
1
a  m / sec 2 S
3 =0
Put the value of a in equation (ii)
1 1
10  3    39 49. (c) SM
2 3
13
10  3 
2
50. (c) Velocity of A at t = 1 sec
6  20  13  7
VA  g  1  10 m / sec
7
  m / sec S
6 B=0

1 h0
S10  S8  (10  8)  a(102  82 )
g h

7 1 1
S10  S8   2   (100  64)
6 2 3
7 1 1 7 18 25 1
   (36)    h 0   9.8  t  4.9m
3 2 3 3 3 3 2
45.(b)   0 , a  20cm / S2 S  ? t  8sec VA
 98 m / sec
1 B
S  vt  at 2
2 AA
 O m / sec 2
1 B
= 0  20  64  640M Distance at t = 2 sec.
2
VA
1 1 X0   2  9.8  2  19.6M
46.(a) h  gt 2 =  10  16  80 m B
2 2
Total separation = X 0  h 0  19.6  4.9
47. (b) 0
= 24.5 m

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 Hints & Solutions

51. (c) a = 1.25m / sec 2 t = 8 sec 16  8 4  2 2

balloon reaches to height at t = 8 sec t  4   2 2
2 2
1 1.25
h  at 2 =  64 t  2  1, 2  2
2 2
1
Displacement h  32  1.25  40 m 55.(b) h1  h2  g  t12  t 22 
2
Velocity of stone V  a  8  1.25  8
1
V  10 m / sec   9.8  52  32 
2
Stone reacher groud at t = t  78.4m
1
h  vt  ght 2 1 2
2 56.(b) s  at
2
1
4  10  t   10t 2 1 2
g H gt .
2
t 2  2t  8  0 57. (a) If  4 sec
2
t  4t  2  8  0 Tt
t
t  4sec 2
52.(b) Lets air resistance = a 0 V  gt
a0 V  9.8  2
V  19.6 m / sec
a0 g g 58.(b) h 5  St n
v 1 1
t asending   16  52  (2 t  1)10
(a  g) 2 2
t = 13 sec
v
t desending  59. (d) V0 a  10 m / s 2 t  5sec
(g  a 0 )
Velocity at t  5sec
t desending  t asending V  0  10  5  50m / sec
53. (c) v 2  2a (50) ... (i) S0 
1 2 1
at  10  52  125
2 2
(2v 2 )2  2aS1
S1  V  10
1 50 = 50  10  500 m
  S1  200m
4 S1
Total distance = S0  S1  125  500  625 M
1
54. (b) h  gt 2 2h
2 60. (d) t1 
g
h 1
 0  g(2 t  1)
2 2 2  16
t1 
1 1 2 1 g
 gt  g(2 t  1)
2 2 2
2  25
t 2  4t  2 t2 
g
t 2  4t  2  0

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 Hints & Solutions

t1 4 t1 t2 a0

t2 5 a
g g
2
61.(a) V .2gh
0
... (i) v1 v2
V02  2gh  3 ...(ii) V1  (a  g) t1
2
V 1 0
V2  (g  a) t 2
(i) & (ii)   2
V 3 1 V1  V2
 V1  3V0 67. (c) Vg  500 km / h

62.(b) VB  10m / s vj =500 km/h

Scooter Bus
VB=10m/s2
1000M
t=0 t=100sec vj /g=500 km/h
1000
(V  10)   10
100 Vc / g  VC/G  Vj/a
V  20 m/ s 1500  VC/G  500
=0 a-a0 Vmax VC/G  1000 km / h
Retantition
68. (c) a  10 m / s 2 t = 30 sec
A B C D
63.(c) acceleration velocity at 30 sec
3 2S V = at = 10  30  300 m / sec
when fuel finished, then gravity work on
down wand direction.
At max height velocity become zero
V
4h V  V  gt
B
0  300  10t
B
t  30 sec
Total time = 30+30 = 60 sec
64.(a) h
1 2
69. (c) H gt ... (i)
2
2
1 1
H  g  ... (ii)
Student 2 2
Bus
 CB=1m/s2 (i) & (ii)
65.(c)
50 H 1 1 H
  H 
VS/ B  V H1 1/ 4 4

a S/ B  1 H  3H 
from ground H   
2
4  4 
 VS/B  2  1 50
70. (b) Distance travel in last section
VS/ B  10 m / s
1
7x  (2 t  1) g ... (i)
66. (c) Given t 2  t1 2
1
x g(1) 2 .... (ii)
g

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 Hints & Solutions
7  (2 P 1) V  a  2bt  3ct 2
t  4 sec a  0  2b  6ct
a 0

2b  6ct  0
2b  b 
t  
h r  6c  3C 
2
 b   b  2b 2 b2
V  a  2b    3C   a 
 3C   3C  3C 3C
1 2 b2
h gt1 Va
2 3C
1 2 5. (c) V  2gh
h  Vt  gt
2

20M

h1 h2 = 2  10 10
71. (b)
(t-12) V  20 m / s
t
t=sec
6. (d) V0 V=0
LEVEL - II A B
V02  2gs .... (i)
1.(b)  r  s
V0  nV
(nV) 2  2gh .... (ii)
S
r  
 r h  n 2S
A o B
7. (c) x 2  1  t1
Displacement S1  5
x  1  t1
 10 
Ddisplacement | S1 |   1
 V
2 1 t2
S1 5    
  
| S1 | 10 2  a  2dt 1  t1
1
2.(d) d  t1/ 2 1 d
a 1  t  7
2 dt
1
V
2(t 3/ 2 ) 1 1 3

a    (1  t 2 ) 2  7t
4 2 
1
a   t 3/2 retardation
4 2 1 1 t
= (1  t )
2 1 x P
12.6  2
3. (c) V  K
2.05 8.(b) X 
b2
1  ebt 
4.(c) x  at  bt 2  ct 3

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 Hints & Solutions

dx K 14.(b) V    gt
U   0  be  bt 
dt b 2 
O    gt , t
dv K g
a   e  bt  .b.
dt b
 2 
a  ke bt Total time of flight = 2t   
 g 
Let return time is t 2 then
9. (c) V2  kr
V? t=1 sec 2
2t1  t 2 
dv g
2V  KV
dt
t2
V
k
1 t1
0 dV   2  0 Vt
t1
K
V
2  2 
t2    2h 
B  g 

t1 t2
10. (d) a2=-6m/s 2
a2=-6m/s 2
 A Vmax
15. A x (3-x) C
1
11.(b) Elevator move with cont velocity so that do not B
3 km
10n/s
apply ° pesudo force. pull down Vf1  15  2as
A
with g gravity. 2
Vmax  0  2ax  2  4  x  8x ...(i)
1 2 2
0  Vmax  2  6  (3000  x) ... (ii)
h gt
2 2
Vmax  12(3000  x)
1 Equation (1) & (2)
2.45  9.8t 2
2
12(3000  x)  8 x
1
 T sec 3(3000  x)  2 x
2
9000  5 x
12.(c) t  t1 t 2 Solution in Engg. module 9000
x  1800
13.(d) X  6t  t 2 3 5
2
V  12t  3t 2 Vmax  g  1800
a  12  6t Vmax  120 m /sec
at t = 0;
A 
B
a  12m / sec2
Vmax  0  at1
dx
 12t  3t 2 =0 t  4 sec 120  4  t1
dt
 t1  30sec
d2x
 12  6t  12  6  4  12 B 
C
dt 2
Curve at is max at t = 4 sec. 120  6t 2

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 Hints & Solutions
t 2  20sec
A
Total time t1  t 2  30  20  50sec h
16. Total time when both trains are meet to each B
other. 3h
90 90  6  20. (d) C
t   
(37.5  37.5) 75  5  h
6 O
Distance travelled by bird = 60   72km
5
1 2
h gt1 .... (i)
A 30km/h V A 2

17. B 30km/h 1 2
2h  gt 2 ... (ii) AC
2
VAC  (30  V) 4h
 t2
4 1 g
Meeting time t   
60  15 
1 2 6h
AD 3h  gt 3 t3 
 5  2 g
30  V     75
 1/ 15  t1  t1' =
V  75  30  45 km / h
4h 2h 2h
A V B V t 2  t 2'  t1' =   ( 2  1)
18. 2 2 g
x
VAB  (V  v) 6h 4h 2h
t 3  t 3'  t 2' =   ( 3  2)
2 2 g
Vf2  U 2  2a(x)
O  (V  v) 2  2  a t1 : t 2 : t 3  1: ( 2  1) : ( 3 2)
21. (c) 1  0 , (a  15 m/ s 2 ) (V  cont)
(V  v)2
a retardation
2x =? (V=cant)
A B (a=-V2)
a=3m/s 2
V B=60 km/h A D x2 C
x1 x3
A V A=70km/h B a=25m/s2
19. () d=25 sec
80m Vag  20m / sec
 5
VAB  (70  60) km  130   m / sec 1
 18  x1  O
2
Vf2  V12  2ax V1 =100m/s V 1=50m/sec
2 a
 130  5  22. (d)
O   2  10  x A B
 18  S
2 V12  u12  2as
 130  5  1
X    65m (50 2  10 2 )  2 aS  2500  100  2400
 18  20
So = 10  at
x  80 m
at  40
Collision do not take place. ui  50 m / sec
23.(a) x  (t  1) 2

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 Hints & Solutions

dx 1
U  2(t  1) 29. (a) a1 t = 0 d1  a1 (5  2  1)
dt 2
1
a2 t = 2 sec d2  a 2 (3  2  1)
2
3 m/s=Vj
1 1
24.(c) a1 (9)d1  d2  a 2 (5)
g g
4 m/s=V i
 a1  5
  
V  V1ˆi  V2 ˆj  a2  9

V  4iˆ  3jˆ 30. (b)

| V | 25  5m / sec

A V=10M/s B VB =9m/s VB =60km/h

25. (d) A VA=60km/h B
100m 31. (b)
120km
(100)
VAB  1m / sec VAB  1 Velocity of sound V  1200km / h
t
t  100sec VAB  60  60  120 km / h
26. (d) a  x 2 120
t  1h
Initial velocity = V0 120
Distance travel by sound = Vt
dv dv dx dv = 1200 × 1 = 1200 km
A   V
dt dx dt dx 32.(a) Retandation a  2.5m / sec2
0 x
2 Velocity of body at t= 10 sec
 Vdv   x .dx
V0 0 V  10 10  100 m / s
0 x
V2 x3

2 V0
3 0

V=100m/sec
V02 x 3 1995

2 3 m=H
2 1/3
3 V  0 A B
  x S
2  
Vt2  Vt2  2aH
V1
27. (a)
a (100) 2  2  2.5  1995
retardation = a
V52  10000  5  1995  25
P
Vs  5 m / sec
O
rm
28. (b)  m/sec
P 2m
33.(c)
Roll without slipping 4m
Circumference = 2r  2m
4 2
half rotation= m t 
8 V
Displacement = (2 r) 2  17 2  4   2
V  4m / sec

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 Hints & Solutions

1 1 V
34. (c) Displacement =  43 45   4 4
2 2
 6  20  8 = 34 m

(m/sec) 38. (a)

4
t
t1 t2
AK A2
a
d3 t(sec)
3 8 12 t a=
+k –k
a= t
34 17 E t
Vavj   m / sec  cont. a = 0 t1 t2
12 6
39.(c) Initial velocity acquire at
(m/sec) a(MB-2 )
4
10
AK A2
35.(a)
d3 t(sec)
3 8 12 t(s)
4
a1  1m / s 2
a(m/s2 )
a 2  4 m / s2
a 3  3m /s

40.(a) 
t(sec)
5 15 20
S V=-Ve
36.(d) V/m/sec
t(sec)
t1 t2 t3 t4 +10
V a=-2

20
-10 t(sec)
d1 ts t4
t
O
u2
41.(c) h  .... (i)
2g
1 2 (2u) 2
37.(b) S gt H
2 ... (ii)
2g
S h 1
  H  4h
H 4
a2 V 2V 3V
2/2g)
42.(a) A B C
g g g
t Stone A reacher on ground first.
/g /g

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 Hints & Solutions
Section-B So that both are reaches at same time.
(Assertion and Reason Type ) 10.(a) This condition is true if particle start with O
velocity and constant according.
V a0 a0 Body become rest when change its direction
of motion.
1.(a) g g 11.(a) Distance = 2d
Ascending Decending
A B
a 0  = air friction
2h
d
2h
t1  t 
(a 0  2) ; y (g a) Displacement = O
Displacement only depend on initial & final
t d  ta
point. Displace depend on length of path.
Reason is also correct. 12.(d) Speed is scla quantity so it do not depend + &
1 – direction.
2.(a) Distance in last i.e. sec  g(1)2  4.5 m 13.(a) Correct explanation; body become slow fast it
2
depend only on the direction of motion.
Distance covered in next 1 sec downward
1
Section-C
2
direction  g(1)  4.5 m (Takshila Challengers)
2
3.(a) Pathlength do not decrease with increase
time. Because path length is a scalar 1. (b) x 3  (t 3  1)
quantity.
dx
4.(a) According g  10 m /s 2 initial & highest point V  3t 2
dt
but highest point Vy  0 .
dv
a  6t
5.(a)
 dt
| V |  V  Correct
 a(m/sec2)
Path length d displacement S

| S | d +5

2. (a) +2
 S Vd t(sec)
| V | ;
t t
–5

so that | V |  V
6.(a) Speed is a scalar quantity. It do not depend 3.(a) V  (t 2  t)
on direction of motion. So that speed will be
increases according either positive or a  (2 t  1)
negative. a  0 retardation
7.(d) A & R both are incorrect. Velocity zero but it (2 t  1)  0
is not necessary according be zero.
1
8.(d) Average velocity may be increase, decrease t
equal to the velocity. 2
If particle move with uniform velocity than 
4. (a) r  x(t)iˆ  y(t) ˆj
may decrease or increase.
5. (a) Approaching time = 10 sec.
9.(a) Gravity (g) is same for both, it does not effect
the horizontal component of velocity vector.

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 Hints & Solutions
For t = 0 to t = 1 s,
A 1
S1 =  6(1)2  3m .....(i)
2
60° For t = 1 s to t = 2 s,

10
0M

0M
10

1 2
S2  6.1 –  6 1  3m ...(ii)
2
60° 68° For t = 2 s to t = 3 s,
B C
100M 1 2
S3  0   6 1  –3m ...(iii)
2
Total displacement = 100  100 1010 =150 Total displacemnt S = S1 + S2 + S3 = 3m
Total time = 20 sec 3
Average velocity =  1ms 1
150 3
V  7.5 m /sec
20 Total distance travelled = 9 m

6.(a)    
v1  u ˆi  gtjˆ
Averager speed =
9
= 3 ms–1
3

v2  2uiˆ    gtjˆ  t=0
a t = 1 – t = 2
A B
 v1  v2  0 v =6 ms–1 V=0
v=0
2u2  g 2t 2  0 –a
t =3
v = –6 ms–1
u
t 2 . d
g 3. (b) Velocity of preeti w.r.t. elevator v1  t
1

2hu2 d
7.(a) n . Velocity of elevator w.r.t ground v 2  t then
gb2 2
velocity of preeti w.r.t ground
8. (d) Other Chapter. v = v1 + v2
24 sin  d d d
9. (a) T  
ga t t1 t2
10. (b) 0  2002  2a rel  1000 1 1 1
 
t t1 t2
2a rel  200 m s 2 t1t 2
 t   t  t  (time taken by preeti to walk
1 2

Section-D up on th moving escalator)

4. (c) Given : Velocity
(Previous Years Questions)
dx
V = At + Bt2   At  Bt 2
µ2 dt
1. (c) (Stopping distance) x1  By integrating we get distance travelled
2g sin 60 x 2
2

µ 2   dx   (At  Bt
0 1
)dt
(Stopping distance) x 2  Distance travelled by the particle between 1s
2g sin 30
and 2s
x1 sin 30 1 2 A B 3A 7B
 x  sin 60   1: 3 x   22  12    23  13   
2 2 3 2 3 2 3
5.(a) According to question,
V(x) = bx–2n
60
2. (b) Acceleration a =  6 ms 2 dv
1  –2 nb x 2n1
So,
dx
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 Hints & Solutions
Acceleration of the particle as function of x, 2s 2v1v 2
v av  
dv s s v1  v 2
av  bx 2n b(2n)x 2n 1 
dx v1 v 2
11. (d) Aveagee acceleration
= –2nb2 x 4n 1
Change in velocity
6. (c) t= x 3  a  40 m/s
Total Time
2
 x  t  3  x  (t  3)
|40ˆj  30i|
ˆ
dx  a 
v=  2(t  3)  0 10  0
dt
 t= 3  a   42  (3)2
 x = (3 – 3)2 30 m/s
 a   5m /sec 2
 x=0
12. (b) Here , u = 0
1 2 We have , v2 = u2 + 2gh
7. (a)  h gt
2
 v  2gh  2  10  20  20 m/s
1 13. (a) For part AB
 h1  g(5)2  125
2 From 3rd equation of motion

1 v 2  u2  2gH
h1  h2  g(10)2  500
2 B v=0
 h2 = 375
H/2
1 2
h1 + h2 + h3 = g(15)  1125
2 H A u = 10 m/s
 h3 = 625
h2 = 3h1 m h3 = 5h1
H/2
h h
or h1  2  3
3 5 O
0  u2  2g(H/2)  u2  gH
8. (b)   
v  u  at
u2 102
v  (2iˆ  3ˆj)  (0.3iˆ  0.2j)
ˆ  10  5iˆ  5ˆj H   10m
g 10
  14. (a) Cl earl y di stan ce moved by 1 st ball in
v  52  52 , v  5 2
18s = distance moved by 2nd ball in 12s.
9. (d) x = 8 + 12t – t3 Now, distance moved in 18s by 1st ball
The final velocity of the particle will be zero,
because it retarded. 1
=  10  182  90  18  1620 m
V = 0 + 12 – 3t2 = 0 2
3t2 = 12 Distance moved in 12s by 2nd ball
t = 2 sec
Now the retardation 1 2
= ut gt
2
dv
a  0  6t  1620 = 12 v + 5 × 144
dt
 v = 135 – 60 = 75 ms–1
a  t  2  –12 m/s2 15. (b) No external force is acting, therefore,
momentum is conserved.
retardation = 12 m/s2
10. (b) Let the total distance covered by the particle By momentum conservation,
be 2s. Then 50u + 0.5 × 2 = 0
where u is the velocity of man.

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 Hints & Solutions
time (t) = 100s, distance (s) = 1 km = 1000 m
1
u=   ms–1 Vb = 10 m/s (relative speed r.p to bus)
50
Negative sign of u shows that man moves dis tan ce 1000
velocity (v) = 
upward. time 100
Time taken by the stone t reach the ground vs = velocity of sooter
10 vb  velocity of bus
=  5S
2 V = Vs – Vb  As we know
10 = Vs – 10
20 = Vs Vs =20m/s
50 kg velocity with which scooterist
should chase the bus  20 m/s
19. (c) Distance covered in nth second.
2 ms–1 0.5 kg 1
Sn  u  a(2n  1);
2
10 m
1 4
0    2  3  1
2 3
1 4 10
1 =  5  m
Distance moved by the man = 5   0.1m 2 3 3
50
ds
 when the stone reaches the floor, the 20. (b) Because the slope is highest at C, v – is
distance of the man above floor = 10.1 m dt
16. (a) Distance , x = (t + 5)–1 ...(i) maximum.
21. (d) u = 10 m/s, v = 20 m/s, x = 130 m
dx d
Velocity, v   (t  5)1  (t  5)2 ....(ii) v  u 20  10 10
dt dt a  
t t t
Acceleration,
1 2 110 2
dv d  2 s  ut  at  135  10t  t  t = 9s
a    t  5    2(t  5)3 ...(iii) 2 2t
dt dt  
22. (a) Given : x = 9t2 – t3 .....(i)
From equation (ii), we get
dx d
v 3/2  (t  5)3 ....(iv) Speec v = v  
dt dt
 9t2  t3   18t  3t2 .
Substituting this in equation (iii) we get
dv
Accelerating a = – 2v3/2 or a  (velocity)3/2 For maximum speed,  0  18  6t  0
dt
From equation (i), we get x3 = (t + 5)–3
Substituting this in equation (iii), we get  t = 3s.

Acceleration a  2x 3 or a  (dis tan ce)3  x max  81m  27m  54m. (From x = 9t2 – t3).
23. (a) Let any time t particle has a velocity u and
Hence option (a) is correct.
in a change in time (t + dt) its final velocity
1 2 is u + dv, this dt time acceleration is constant.
17. (b) S1  a 10 
2 Using firs eq
v = u + at
1 2
S2  a  20   t
2 u + du = u + f0 1   dt
 T
S1 100
 t
S2 400 v T 
 du   f0 1   dt
0 0
 t
S2  4S1
T
18. (d) Kinematics  t2 
given, v  f0  t  
 2T 0
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 Hints & Solutions

 T u
v  f0  T   28. (c) Let time of flight be T then T =
 2 g
Let h be the distance covered during last 't'
T
v  f0 second of its ascent velocity at point B = VB =
2 u - g(T -t)
24. (d) Average speed = total distance travelled / total
time taken u 
2v u v d
= u  g  g  t   gt
ss 2s  
 
= t1  t2 s s vd  v u
 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
vu vd  h  VBt  2 gt  h  gt  2 gt  2 gt
25. (c) Distance/time is speed so just differentiate
the x w.r.t time we get soeed v=0+12-3t 2 29. (b) Interval of ball thrown = 2 sec
Now to come at rest the speed should be zero If we wan that minimum three (more than
so now equating the v=0 we get t=2seconds. two) balls remain in air then time of flight of
The value of x at t=0 is 40m and the value of first ball must be greater than 4 sec.
x at t=2second is 56m so distance trevelled T > 4 sec or 2 u/g > 4 sec
in 2 second will be 56-40=16m u > 19.6 m/s.
26. (c) From eqaution of motion we know that when 30. (c) Displacement
s = 3t3 + 7t2 + 5t + 8
1 2
a body is dropped h  gt ds
2 Velocity =  9t2  14t  5
dt
t1 h1 16 4
So t  1  25  5 d 2s
Acceleration =  18t  14
2 2
dt 2
Hence (c) is correct answer. Acceleration at (t = 1s)
27. (d) x  aet  bdt = 18 × 1 + 14 = 18 + 14 = 32 m/s2
31. (b) Initial velocity (u) = 40 m/s
dx Acceleration a = – gm/s2 = – 10 m/s2
v  aet  b et
dt Time = 2 seconds
 increasing in t, v will increasing. By lst equation of motion,
v = u + at
v = 40 – 10 (2) = 20 m/s.

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 Hints & Solutions

EXEPLANATION
CHAPTER-2 2.(a) At max point VA  V cos 
MOTION IN A PLANE VB  V cos 
Total momentum = MV cos   MV cos   0
-1
ax  6 m /s 2 
3.(c)  t  4sec
 ay  8 m /s 2 
1.(b) V A/G  (3 ˆi  4 ˆj)m/ s
1 1

x a x (t)2   6  (4)2  48
V B/A  (iˆ ˆj)m/ s 2 2
  
V B/A  V B/G  V A/G 1 1
y a y (t)2   8  (4)2  64
2 2

(i  j)  V B  (3 ˆi  4 ˆj)
R  X 2  Y2 = 482  642

V B  (4 ˆi  3 ˆj)m/s 4. (b) 4 sin 30  80

2.(d) Vr  10 m/ min u
 80
2
Vr/G  5 m/ min
u  160 m / s
Vn/G  10 m/ min
Velocity at max point = V cos 30
Vr/G  Vm/G .sin 
3
S  10 sin  = 160   80 3 m /sec
2
1
sin    sin 30 -3
2
  30 1.(c) VY  usin   50  sin 30  25 m / sec
3.(d) Vb/r  5km / h At max height
Vf1  U11  2gH
d
t
v 2m  v 2r 25  25  125 
H  M
t = 30 min. 2  10  4 
-2 125
Total height from ground = 70 
4
5x 2 280  125
1. (d) Y  16x  =
4 4
1 gx 2  405 
Y  x tan   H'  
2 u2 cos 2  m
 4 
5x 2 1 2
O  16x  H'  gt
4 2
16  4 405 1
x  12.8 m   10t 2
5 4 2
22 TAKSHILA INSTITUTE
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 Hints & Solutions

405 R  500 m = (u2 sin 2 / g)

t  4.5 sec
20 Hmax  ?

u2 sin 2  u2 sin2   (50)2

2.(a) R  Hmax     125m
g  2g  2  10
1  30 & 2  90  30  60
u2 sin2 
 Same Range 5.(c) Y1 
2g
3.(d) 4, 3, 2, 1
u2 sin 2  u2 cos 2 
Y2 
4. (a) R = 2g
g

1 u2
sin2  =  = very small Y 1 + Y2 =
250 2g

1 u2 sin 2
2 = 6.(a) R1 
250 g
1
= u2
500 (P) 1  15 , R1 
2g
arc
Angle =  u2 3 
Radius R2  
(Q) 2  30  2g 
 
1 x
=
500 100  u2 
(R) 3  45 R3   
1  g 
x= m
5
 u2 3 
x =20 cm R4  
(S) 4  60  2 g 
 
PE1 1 4
5. (c) PE  (cos 60)2  1 7. (c) R  u2 R1  50 M
2

-4 u2  2u
R '  4  R1
2 2
u sin(2  15) u R '  4  50  200 M
1.(c) R1  
2g 2(2g) 8. (c) = 45º
(2u)2 sin(2  45) 2u2 u2
R2   Rmax =
2g g g

2.(b) L  (MVcos ) Hmax u2 sin2  R

Hmax = = max
2g 4
 V 2 sin2 45 
= (MVcos 45)  2g
 -5
 

H1 sin2 30 1/ 4  1  1.(b) r  2 cm

3.(b)    
H2 sin2 60 3 / 4  3 
1.5  revolution
2usin  1 revolution = 2 
4.(a) Tf  10 sec =  u sin   50
g 1.5 revolution = 1.5  2  3

TAKSHILA INSTITUTE 23
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 Hints & Solutions
2. (b) If angular speed = 
LEVEL - I
About A VA  2a
About C VC  a Topic : 1 Motion in Plane
VA 2 1.(b) X  7t  4t2  Vx  7  8t  a x  8

VC 1 Y  5t  Vy  5 ay = 0
3. (a) zero
4. (b) r  2m a T  a 2x  a 2y = 8 m / s 2

V  5 m /sec 2.(a) 6t2ˆi  4tjˆ m = 3kg ; t = 3 sec.

 4 ˆ
V = 2V sin
2 a  2t 2ˆi  tj
3
V  10 m / sec
dv 4
 (1200  600)2  2t 2 ˆi  tjˆ
5.(d)   = dt 3
t 10  60
v 3 3
4
 dv   t dtiˆ  3  tdtjˆ
2
1200 
=  2 radian/sec2
600 0 0 0

-6
2t3 ˆ 4 t2 ˆ
v i j
3 3 2
1.(d) r  1M
v  18iˆ  6ˆj
d  2 
Avg. speed Vavj      0.2  m / sec
t  10  3. (d) R  10 ˆi  20ˆj
0 A 20 km
Average velocity = 0 B
10
V1 R  R 
10 km

2.(c)   
V2 r  r 
R
3.(c) V1  90 km / h
V2  15 km / h
a1  a 2 O
V11 V22 |R| 100  400 = 10 5

R1 R 2
2 2
|R|22.36 km
R1  V1   90  16
     
R 2  V2   15  1 4.(d) u  4iˆ  3ˆj
4.(b) r  3 m 
a  0.4iˆ  0.3ˆj
t2 t3
S  t  10 sec
2 3 
ds V  (4  0.4  10) ˆi  (3  0.3  10) ˆj
V  t  t2
dt 
V  8 ˆi  6 ˆj
a1  1  2t at t = 2 sec 
a1  1  2  2  5 |V| 10 unit

v2 36 5.(d) VBT  10  5  15 m / s
ac =   12
R 3 150
Crossing time t =  10 sec
15
a= 2
a a
1
2
c
= 13 m/s2

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 Hints & Solutions

V 2l h 1 2h
6.(b) VAB  V  V cos 60 =  
2 12.(c) t   l  t
g sin  sin  sin  g
E
V
A
F V D 13. (b)

a V V R
A B
T C
V O
= 60º
B R
 a  2a
T   T
 VAB  V

7.(b) F  (4 ˆi  8 ˆj 10 k)N

ˆ m = 3kg 3
cos  
1 1 4 2R
X a xt2    9  6 m s = 2R cos 
2 2 3
1 1 8 a = g cos 
2
Y  a y t    9  12 m v2 = u2 + 2as
2 2 3
v2 = 2 g cos  2R cos 
1 1 10
Z  a z t2    9  15 m v2 = 4 gR cos2 
2 2 3
 v = 2 cos  gR
8.(a) V  3 ˆi  6x ˆj
dx 14.(d) x  ct2 ; y  bt 2
3
dt Vx  2Ct ; Vy  2bt
x  3t ....(i)
dy v  (2ct)2  (2bt)2
 (6 x)
dt
Topic : 2 Relative Motion
 dy  18 t dt
y = 9 t2 15.(b) Vi  10 ˆi
2
x Vf  10 ˆj
y = 9 
3
y = x2
v (10 ˆi  10 ˆj)
O 
t 10
d
9.(b) P meet with Q required time =    |a| 2 m / s2 N  W
V
S R d
16.(c) t 
V V  u2
2

V 1 15 1
 
d 4 60 5  u2
2

25  u2  16  u  3 km / h
V 17.(a) u  5m / min  V  10 m / min
V
for shortest time move towards north direction.
P Q
18.(b) V12  10  15  25 m /s
10.(c) decending time do not depend on angle of
inclination. Same for all groove. d  100 m
11.(d) Decending to do not depend on angle of
d 100
inclination. Crossing time = V  25  4 sec
12

TAKSHILA INSTITUTE 25
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 Hints & Solutions
19.(a) V1  80 km /h T2
24.(c)
V2  65 km /h
4
Vr  V1  V2
= 80 – 65 = 15 km/h 50h
20.(d) t p  90 sec (set escalator length =l)
Same direction 40 sec  (100)
t p  60 sec (V1  V2 )

Vp  Vg  VPd 2V1  2V2  5 ... (i)

l l l 100
  Opposite direction 2 0 
90 60 t (V1  V2 )
l  180  60  90
 =t =  36 sec  V1  V2  5 ... (ii)
t  60  90  60  90
from equation (i) & (ii)
21.(b) V1  6 ˆi
10
3V1  10 , V1   3.74 m / s
3 3 3
6
V2  5  3.34  1.66 m /sec  V2

6m/s 25.(c) Vbivd  40 km / h  N
6
v1 Vtri  40 km / h  E
i 3
 
V r  40 2 N W
relative velocity V r  (6  3)i  (3 3) ˆj
 26.(b) Opposite direction
|V r | 9  27  6m /sec
V1  V2  8 m /s
22.(b) Va  6 m / s V1 V2

d
2 Move in same direction
6 Vr
Vr/m 4 2
V1  V2   .... (ii)
10 5
from equation (i) & (ii)
–Vm –Vm
42 21
23.(d) VMT  18 km / h  5 m /sec 2V1   V1   4.2 m /sec
5 5
VT  5 m /sec
V2  8  4.2  3.8 m / sec
VMT  VM/G  VT/G
N 10 m
27.(b)
5
V1  54  30°
18
 15 m/s Vr
W E
–vm

10
S tan 30 
Vr
5  VM/G  15
VM/G  10 m / s 1 10

3 Vr

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 Hints & Solutions

Vr  10 3 m /sec x
VB –Vr = ...(ii)
t2
4 km
28. (c) Velocity of water Vr 
h x
Total time = 2 hour VB = ...(ii)
t
VB = 8 kmph From equation (i), (ii), (iii)
Vr = 4 kmph
2t1 t 2
8 t= t t
t1 = in direction of flow 1 2
84
33. (a, b) Vr  20 m /s
8
t2 = in Opp. flow Vrs  40 km / h
84
t1 + t2 = 160 min 
6 km Vr
29. (a) V r/G 
hiˆ

9 km Vm
V s/r 
hjˆ Vr 9
tan  = V  5 From Horizontal
m
V m/G  ?
Vm 5
V s/r  V s/G  V r/G tan  = V  9 From vertical
r

9iˆ  V s/G  6 ˆi 2v1

34.(d) T= V1
V s/G  6 ˆi  9ˆj g

|V s/G | 117 km / h 2V2 V1

R = VT =
g V2
30.(b) Vm/G  2km / h
Vr/G  1km / h 35. (d) V A  54 km / h
Vm
Vm sin  = Vr V B  90 km / h
d 0.5km
Vr 1 
sin  = V  2 V AB  V A  V B  54  (90)
m
 = 30º V AB  144 km / h
120º from Down stream.
5
31.(b) Vm/G  10 km / h V AB  144  40 m / sec
18
Vr/G  5 km / h 36.(a) V1  27 km / h
d  2 km Vbir  36 km / h
d V12  54 km / h
for min distance += n
V V 2
2 r
 36   2 
Meating time =      hour
2 2 2  54   3 
=  
100  25 75 5 3 2
Total distance travelled by bird = 36 
32. (c) Let speed of boat w.r.t. ground = Vb 3
= 24km
River speed w.r.t. ground = Vr
x
VB + Vr = t ...(i)
1

TAKSHILA INSTITUTE 27
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 Hints & Solutions

A V  V1  2g sin .l
B V2  2g sin 2l. = (2 cos ).2 gsin .l .
1 V2  V 2cos 
s
37.(b) 1 42.(a) According to question
t Vcos
V
Vmax
VA  tan VA  VB 
VB  tan VAB  0 3
V cos   (V)
38.(b) A AB  0 2

VAB  50 m / sec 3
cos    cos(30)
2
u=0
  30

u2  3u2 
Range R = g sin 60   
u = 50  2g 

18 u2 sin2 
VAB  50   180 m / sec 43. (c) H
5 2g
V=4km/h
H
VY2  (Usin )2  2 g  
39.(b) 2
V=9km/h Vcos
V  9  4  13 km / h
Vmax
40.(a) VAB  u
A
u=0
1  u2 sin2  
VY2  U2sin2 )  2 g  
2 2g 
u
B
AAB = O sin2 
VY2  u2
2
VB = – gt ˆj ...(i)
usin 
VA = u – gt ˆj VY 
2
VA/B  VA  VB = (u – gt) – (– gt) = u
2u sin 
44. (a) T
Topic 3 : Projectile Motion g

41.(c) u2 sin 2  2u2 sin  cos 

R 
g g

sin2 
T 2  4u2 .... (ii)
g2
equation (ii) & (i)
T 2 .g
V1 V2 tan  
2R

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 Hints & Solutions

 T 2 .g  R 2  K sin(120)
  tan1  
 2R  5
50.(c) Vx  180   50 M / sec
18
 
u2 sin 2     2
45.(c) R  4   u cos 2()
1
g g h=490 m

 
u2 sin 2     2
R2   4   u cos 2 2h 2  490
g g Time reaching ground t z
g 9.8
R1 1 t  10 sec

R2 1 Horizontal range R = 10  50  500 M
46. (b) u  20 m /sec 51.(b) g always const.
52. (b) Vr  90 M / sec t = 10 sec.
1 2
h  u sin t  gt Horizontal velocity do not change
2
Vy  0  gt
+
= 10  9.8
30
– Vy 98
40 M Angle made by gn tan    1
Vx 90
  45
1 53. (c) KE of ball = E
40  20 sin 30t   10  t 2
2 1
E mv 2
2
5t  10t  40  0 2
t2  2t  8  0 Velocity of highest point V'  V cos 45
t2  4t  2t  80  0 1 E
Ke = mv 2 cos 2  
t(t  4)  2(t  4)  0 2 2
t  4 sec u2 (500)2 250000
54.(a) R max     2.5  10 4 m
Horizontal range = 4 cos 30  t g 10 10
3 55. (a) R max  1000 m
= 20   4  40 3 M
2
u2 sin2  u2
Hmax   ... (i)
2h 2  10 1 2g 4g
47. (d) t=  = sec
g 980 7
u2 sin2 2 u2
R = Vt R max   sin 2  1
g g
V
100 = u2
7 R max  ... (ii)
V = 700 m/s g
2  sin  2  9.8  1/ 2 Equation (i) & (ii)
48.(d) t   1sec
g 9.8 H 1

49.(b) R  sin 2 R 4

R1  K sin 6 R 1000

H  250 m
4 4
TAKSHILA INSTITUTE 29
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 Hints & Solutions
56.(d) R = 3H
1 2
 2 sin 2 3 2 sin2  62.(c) H  Ur t  gt
g

g 2g u sin 30º
3
2 cos   sin 
2 30º u cos 30º
4
tan  
3
  53
70m
57.(b) Same rang -  & 90  
same rang 30 & 60 1
58.(c) y = 16x – x2/4 70   usin 30  t   10 t 2
2
For range Y = 0
1 1
x2 70  50  t   10 t 2
o  16x   x  64 m 2 2
4
t2  5t  14  0
59.(a) R  2H
t2  7t  14  0
u2 sin 2  u2 sin2  
 2  t  7 sec
g  2g 
63.(c) Projection angle =  / 90  
2  tan 
u2 sin 2 2u2 sin  cos   2 sin2 
R = y1 
g g 2g
2u2 2 1 4V 2
R   = R 2 cos 2 
g 5 5 5g y2 
2g

60.(c) V f  u cos ˆi
2
 y1  y 2 
V i  u cos ˆi  usin ˆj 2g
64.(b) R  5T 2
 Vcos
gT2
tan  =
2R

tan   1
  45
 
V f ~ V i  usin  65.(b) Vi  ucos 30ˆi  usin 30ˆj
61.(b) V  56 m / sec
Vf  ucos 30ˆi  usin30ˆj
u2 sin2 
40 
2g V
sec
6m/
H=5
30°
H= 4cm P Q

Change of Momentum  = M(Pf  Pi )
 2mV sin 30 
 40  20  2 1 2
   sin  =  sin 
 56  56  4
1
sin      30
2
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 Hints & Solutions

V B
Y d
66. (c)

x1 x2 A

 x1 
Y = x1 tan  1  
 R
R = x1 + x2
displacement 2r
1 2
67.(c) h gt
2 dis tan ce r 
 =
displacement 2. 2r 2 2
V  2gh
71. (d) V1  1cm
h Time period = 60 sec

B
x
Horizontal distance= V.t. d

2h A
= 2gh  X  2h
g

3
68.(d) tan    3
3
Y 2r
speed V 
T
B
2  1  cm
3 3 = 
60 30 sec
  60 
X    ˆ
V   i j
(0,0) 30 30
Topic: 4 Uniform Circular Motion  
|  V| 2
69.(d) r = 5 m 30
V  5 m /sec 72.(b) 1  2
 2r  10  Centripital force F  mr2
Time period T =   =  2
 v  5 F1 r1

2V 2V V F2 r2
Avg. acc.     m / s2
T / 2  2    
   MV 2 
 2  73.(a) Centripital force F1   
 r 
10
a m / s2 M( 2V)2 F
 F2  
2r 2
2r  r 
70. (c) Distance =   74.(c)   2t 3  0.5
u  2

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 Hints & Solutions

d LEVEL - II
Angular velocity    6t 2
dt
  6  4  24 rad / S 1.(c) Total time of flight use for covering range.
75.(d) Velocity is transverse & occn is transverse & 2.(d) Hmax  R
radial both.
 2 sin2   2 sin2 
2 
76.(a) Angular Velocity   2g g
60
Tan   4
2R
T=   tan1 (4) or 76º
V
Particle complete 2 Angle in time T Then in 3.(c) KE = E

2 E
time 1 sec = Highest point KE =
T 2

2V H1 sin2 60 3
1 sec = = VR–1 4.(b)  
2R H2 sin2 30 1
77.(a) ac = v 5.(d) L  mv cos  H
Centripital accn do not change.
MVcos
78.(d) In circular motion the net work done is zero.
79.(c) Velocity is a vector quantity velocity chnages 
its direction. Hmax
r1 1
80.(a)  v 2 sin2 
r2 2 L = mv cos 
2g
F  F2 3 2
mv sin  cos 
2g
mv12 mv 22

r1 r2  V22  V12  5
6.(a)  V 2   100  100
2  1 
 V1  r1 1
    Same expression for range & height. So both
V
 2 r2 2 are inverse 5% .
81.(d) r2  2r1 f1  f2  1  2 7.(c) m  2kg Vx  3m / sec

F1  mr1 22  2FC1 Fy  4N

 rad Y  2m / sec 2 t  4 sec

82.(c) R  2m ;  
4 s2 1 1
Y a y t 2   2  16  16 M
2 2
1 2
 t X  Vx  t  3  4  12
2
Resultant distance = 162  122
 1 2
 t 256  144  400 = 20 m
2 2
8.(c) For circular motion
 at
t=

ar
Displacement R 2
Vav = =  1m /s
time 
 at = 0

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 Hints & Solutions
ar  0  2usin  
T1   
1 2  10 
9.(b) H  gt
2  2usin  
T2   
Vx =150m/sec  11 
 1 1
490M 
T2  T1  10 11 
  100  9%
T1  1 
 
 10 
2h 2  490
t =  10 sec  u2 sin2  
g 98 16. (b) Momentum at highest point h   
 2g 
= R  Vx  t =  150  10  1500 m
 u2 
10.(d) R  4 3 H   45 h   
 4g 
L = mu cos  H
u2 sin 2  u2 sin2  
 4 3  17.(b) R  5T 2
g  2g 
2
u2 sin 2  2usin  
cot   3  cot 30  5   tan   1
g  g 
  30
tan   45
2 V sin 
11.(b) t1  2uy
g 18.(b) T = a
y

 2 v cos   2uy
t2   
 g  T=
g
u2 sin 2 gt
R uy = g
g 2
u2 g2
H= =  5m
2  2v 2 sin  cos  2R 2g 2g
t1 × t2 = = g
g2 19.(d) 1  60
u2 H1
 tan2 60º
12 (b) Rmax = in plane ground H2
g
20. (c) Range = nb & Hight = nh
v2 2nh
Rmax = in incline plane T=
g(1  sin  ) g
R = VT
R max
Rinc = 21.(b) Vi  (6 ˆi  8 ˆj)m/ sec
(1  sin 30)
2ux uy
3x 2 R=  9.6 m
13. (b) Y  12x  g
4
Put y = 0 Then x = R  2
22.(a) R max   u 
R = x = 16m
 g 
14. (c)
2u sin  g u4 2
 1m /sec 2 Max area A  R 2max   m
15.(c) T  (g  a)
a g2
10

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 Hints & Solutions

u2 sin 2 u2
23.(b) R = 28.(a) R max  1000 
g g

1 u  100 m / s
sin 2 = for small angle
40
R
Max height for Hmax   
1  4
2 =
40
1000
Hmax   250 M
1 4
=
80
V 2 sin 2
arc 29.(d) R 
g
Angle =
R
 R.g 
1 x sin 2   2 
 V 
80 400
x=5m 1  R.g 
 sin1  2 
2 V 
u2
24.(a) R = where  is the inclination angle
g(1  sin  ) 2
30.(b) Max range R   u sin 2 
of incline plane  g 
25.(b) Velocety at highest point becomes zero then it
will free fall. sin 2  1  sin 90   45
1
2H KE  k  mv 2
t= 2
g
1
2H KE at max height = m(vcos 45)2
Total time 2  2
g
1 K
2 2 = mv 2 
 sin  4 2
26.(c) H  31.(a) First projection angle = 40°
2g
Second projection angle = 90–40= 60°
H Range is same for both angle
tan  = R / 2
H max R1  R 2
 
1 32.(b) Vx  25 m /sec
tan  = tan  R/2
2 Horizontal Range = 100 M
27.(d) h  4.9 M Vx  t  100

R  6.2 M h t  4 sec
R 33.(a) Initial speed V  2  g  20 m /s
1
h  gt2 2  9.8  19.6
g

2h 9.8 20 m/s
t   1sec 30°
g 9.8
R  Vx .t 40 m
6.2  Vx .1
Vx  6.2m/sec

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 Hints & Solutions

h  u y t 
1 2
gt 1 gx 2
Y  x tan   ... (ii)
2 2 u2 cos 2 
40  10 t  5t 2 comapair both equation
tan   a angle of projection
t2  2t  8  0 Differneciating equation (i)
t2  4t  2t  8  0 dy
 a  2bx
t1  4sec dx
2uy 2  10 0 = a – 2bx
(t 2 ) Time of flight =   2 sec
g 10 a
x=
2b
t1 4 2
  2
t2 2 1  a   a 
y = a   b 
 2b   2b 
u2 sin2 
34. (a) H1  ;
2g a2
y=
4b
u2 sin2 (90  ) u2 cos 2  tan  = a
H2  
2g 2g  = tan–1 (a)

u4 sin2cos 2  R 2 39. (c) v2y  u2y  2gH

H1  H2  
4 g2 16 uy 2  v2y  2gH

R  4 H1H2 uy2 = 12
uy = 2 3
35.(c) a  3m / s 2 t  0.5 min = 30 sec
uy 2 3 1
Hmax  80 M tan  = =    30º
ux 6 3
 u2 sin2   Vy2
Hmax      80
 2g  20

Vy  40 m / sec
40. (c)

Vx  at  3  30  90 m /sec
Vy  40 
tan     u2 sin 2 u2 sin2 
Vx  90  41.(d) R  ; H
g g
4
  tan 1   g
9 if wind accoding a   
4
36.(e) R max  100 M
1 2
u2 R'  Vt  at
R max  2
g  u  1000  10 10 2
 2usin   1 g  2usin  
  32m / sec = u cos      
 g  2 4 g 
H1 sin2 30  1/ 4 1
37.(b)    u2 sin 2 1  u2 sin2  
H2 sin2 60 3 / 4 3 =   
g 2 g 
38.(c) Y  ax  bx 2 ... (i)
R '  (R  H)

TAKSHILA INSTITUTE 35
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 Hints & Solutions
H'  H 45.(a) In uniform circular motion angular velocity
always constant.
1
42.(b) AB  V  t  (gsin 30)t 2 V1 1
2 
46.(c)  V1   ; V2  2
V2 2
1g 2
=  u cos 30  t   t same height  h1  h2
22
 (V1sin 1 )2 (V2sin 2 )2
Vy gsin 
2g 2g
30°
30° g g cos30° sin 1  V2 
A   2
sin 2  V1 
3
AB  t (sin 45)
2  2
sin 2
43.(d)   2ag
1
 sin 2   sin 30
U 2ag 2

 2  30

h 47.(b) Prejection angle (45  ) (45  )

2 sin2 (45  )  2 sin 2 

R1   
g  g 
1 2
h  ( sin )t  gt
2  2 sin2 (45  )  2 sin 2
R2  
gt 2  2 sin  t  2h  0 g g
44.(c) r =1200 m R1 1
Speed increasing rate = 4 / s 2 
R2 1

V=60m/sec 48. (c) r  500 m , a t  2m / s 2 , vt  30 m / sec

v2 (30)2 30  30 9
ac      1.8 m / s2
r 500 500 5
at
a net  a 2c  a 2d

= (1.8)2  22  2.69 m /sec 2

a net  2.7 m / sec 2

V 2 60  60 49.(b) V1  V2  20 m /sec
ac  
R 1200 For same range Q1  30,Q2  60
2
ac  3 m / s
1
400 
a  a c ˆi  a1ˆj (20)2 sin2 30 4  10  5m
H1  
2g 20 2
a  3 ˆi  4ˆj
3
|a| 5m /sec2 400 
(20)2 sin2 60 4  15m
H2  
2g 20

H1  H2  20 m
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 Hints & Solutions


Section-B n
 tan 
(Assertion and Reason Type )

1.(a) Max. deviation is 60° so that initial velocity is

not perpendicular to the instantaneous
velocity. 

Wind (North)
After passing time, projection is increasing with
Vw/m(j) time.
Wind blow from
South-West Observe (east) 6.(c) Projectile equation is a parabolic equation

2.(d) 1 K2
Y  x tan   g 2
2  cos 2 
South (West) S Gravitation al force do not always act
perpandicular to the velocity.
7.(b) Range same for two projectile if projectile angle
Ww/m(j)ˆ  V/a  Vm/a(i)ˆ
 & 90   .
Ww/G  V/m(i)ˆ  Vm/a(j) The path of projectile is straight line w.r.t.
another projectile.

3.(a) V  (aiˆ bj)m/sec
ˆ 8.(b) True projectile behave as a freely falling body.
Yes, Momentum is always conserve.
Range is max if a = b 9.(c) A perfect projectile motion, according is always
b continue.
tan    1  tan 45 Speed do next cont.
a
10.(c) For circular motion V  cont
Projection angle   45
Co  cont.

4.(a) r  2tiˆ  4t ˆj2
a net  a 2c  a12

r  xiˆ  4ˆj  compair  V2 
11.(c) a c    V  conti
x  R 
x  2t  t 
2

y  4t 2
2
x 
y   4 
2
Fe r
y  x2 12.(c)

5.(b) R  nHmax
V
4
tan    
n 13.(a)
14.(a) For uniform circular motion V  conti at = 0,
2 sin 2  2 sin  
 n  Ft  0 .
g  2g  15.(d) Uniform circular motion a= 0 V = cont.

TAKSHILA INSTITUTE 37
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 Hints & Solutions

t2=3sec
Section-C 4cos
(Takshila Challengers) t=1sec/h
Vb = 17 m/sec 4sin
1.(b) r =8m/sec
 2 sin2  
t=4 sec Tf   
 d  g 

gTf2  2 sin2 
H 
g 2g
(d)
t
V 2  2 H
10  16
 20 meter or 19.6 M
8
S
90 4 B
 
sin
g gcos
2. (a)
10 m/4 5.(a) g l

5 1 A
cos(90  )    2 cos 6
10 2 1
l  ucos   g sin .t 2
  30 2
2 ' Vt  U y  Qy t
3.(c) V cos   Vt
3 0  usin   g cos t
2 2
0  u sin   2gH ... (i)

t tan 
2
u sin  2 g
H
2g
 sin  1  42 sin2  
 2 cos   g sin   2  
H g cos  2  g cos  
at h 
2
2 sin 2  sin2   cos2  
H   
Vy2  2 sin2   2g   g  cos 2  
2
22 sin  sec2  22 tan  sec 
2 2   'sin2    'sin' 
2  
V   sin   2g 
y  2 2
 2g  2

  sin  
Vy     2
 2 
6. (a)  2
h
2 2  sin  V 1 gt gt V
V cos   Vr   2
3 3 2

tan   3 V1  ˆi  gtjˆ

  60 V 2  2ˆi  gtjˆ
4.(d) Time of flight t  t1  t2 = 1 + 3
Tf  4 sec
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 Hints & Solutions
 
both are perpendicular V1.V 2  0 Section-D
( ˆi  gtj).(2
ˆ  ˆi  gtj)
ˆ 0 (Previous Year Questions)
1. (a) Vs  20 m /s
2 2  g 2t 2  0
Vr  10 m /s

t 2
g A
10
1 2
7.(a) h  gt
2 Vs  d =
4.5m/sec
a=0.3
b=0.2 A
Vs sin   Ur
20 sin   10
1
sin    sin 30
1 2 2
(nb)  gt
2   30
g 2 2 A 2 B
0.2  n  t 2.(d) TA  V ; TB  V
2 A B

4n 2 A TB  V
t  n   B  A 1
100 10 A TA VB  A

na  Vx .t 3. (c) F  4iˆ  5ˆj  6k
ˆ
2 A  (2, 2,2) B  (2,0, 3)
n(0, 3)  4.5  n
10 
AB  (0 ˆi  2 ˆj 5 k)
ˆ
15
n 1  3
5
n9
8. (a) Same as Q.3.   
  r  F  (0 ˆi  2 ˆj 5 k)
ˆ  (4 ˆi  5 ˆj 6 k)
ˆ
9. (a) V1  u cos 
ˆi ˆj kˆ
:8  :3 
  0 2 5  ˆi (13)  ˆj(20)  kˆ (8)
15 m/sec 4 5 6
=30m/s
=3m/s ay=5m/s2 4.(b) x  5t  2t2 ; y  10 t
=30 Vx  5  4t V  10
ax   4 ay  0
15 3m/s 
5.(c) r  cos txˆ  sin tyˆ

v=367m/sec u  ( cos txˆ  cos ty)
ˆ
1000 m  
10. r V  (cos txˆ  cos ty)(sin
ˆ txˆ  cos ty)
ˆ
 cos t sin t  cos t.sin t  0
  
r.v  0 means r.  v  0

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 Hints & Solutions

a.   t(costiˆ costj)
ˆ tan   1
  2
a.   2 r H
 g
6.(a) V BA  10 ˆi  10ˆj
13.(d) r  5 cm
A 10 T  0.2  sec

10 2 2
   10 a 2 / sec
h B T 0.2
 a  2   100  5  10 2  5m / s 2
V BA  10 2 koh

14.(c) P  2mv sin 45ˆj  mv 2
100 10 
t   5 2 hour
VBA 10 2 3
15.(b) tan  
 3
7.(b) R  4sin(2 t) ˆi  4 cos(2 t) ˆj

V  8 cos(2 t) ˆi  8 sin(1 t) ˆj

V  8 2 m. /sec
8.(a) VR  5 m / se 

VP  3 m / se
He  HP   30
52 sin3 32 sin2   2 sin 2(45  )  2
 16.(d) R1   sin 2 
29.8 2g P g g

g  2 sin 2(45  )  2
gP   9.8  3.5 m / s 2 R2   sin 2 
25 g g

9.(b) V i  (2i  3 j)m/ sec R1  R 2
 17.(a) Avg. velocity = 0
V f  (2i  3 j)m/sec
2  2   100
 2 sin2   2 sin2 2 Avg. speed =   10 m/s
10.(b)  T 62.8
2g 2g 18.(b) Same as projectile motion
  tan 1(4)  V1 
19.(d) sin    
11.(a) Vi  20 m / sec V 
2
(20) 400 a
R max    40 M t

v
g 10 V cos  
G
12.(b) Initial angle = 45° a a
2
t 
2
R
 V
1 V  V12
2
V 1 2
g V

22
20. (a)   2   H rad /sec
44
a c   2 r   2 towards centro

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 Hints & Solutions
Vx  27m / sec
+A
UCM  a y  4t
Vy  2t 2 |30  18 m / s
r
21.(a) V  (27 ˆi  18 ˆj)m/s
SHM
25.(c) V  
–A
VR  R 
Periodic bat not SHM.  
V   
1 1
22.(b) mu2  mv 2f  mgl 26.(b) Range of two projactiles are same if their pro
2 2
jection angle are 690   .
2
Vf  u  2gl 27.(a) Max. tension at bottom point.
 d
 V  4ˆi  Vfpˆ 4  u2  2gl
28.(a) t 
V  2
2

2
|  V| 2(  gl)
15 1

60 5  2
2

r   3 km / h

r
u

20
23.(b)   V  80 m /sec
 29. (d)
0
V 2 6400
a    310 
 20

24.(d) F  6tiˆ  4tjˆ V cos 60  10

V  20 m /sec
 a x  6 t3
Vx 3 3
3 Vb  Vy  V sin 60  20   17.3 m / sec
 dVx   tdt  3t 2 |0 2
0 0

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 Hints & Solutions

EXEPLANATION
3. (a) P  MV  (–MV)
CHAPTER-1 2mV
P
F  P  ft
LAWS OF MOTION t
2mv
-1 F
10 3 sec
1. (a) Given Momentum P = a + bt2 1
2  2
We know force F = dp/dt = rate of change of 2  2000N
momentum. 10 3
 F = 2bt or Force  time. -3
2. (a) 1st law
3. (c) Mass is called as transnational inertia of 2F – F F
body. More mass means more force is 1. (a) a' 
m

m
 2 –1 
required to change its state. ma
So option C is correct. 
m
  
2 –1  2 –1 a 
4. (d) if it is not accelerating
2. (a) Fx  1cos 60  2sin 30 – 4sin 30
| F | |6iˆ  8 ˆj  10kˆ |
5. (a) F - ma or m  
|a | 2 1 1
 1 – 2 
2 2
=  62  82  102  2  10kg
-4
6. (a) As we know that from second law of motion
p mv 1. (b) T = ma
F 
T T F – T = ma
v  v f  v i  3.5  2  1.5m / s
F – ma F
m  v 3  1.5 a'   –a
Sp, force (F) =   0.18N m m
t 25
F–f 20 – 10
-2 2. (d) a system    1m / s2
Mm 10
 F – T  Ma
dv
1. (b) Force F = m  T  F – Ma
dt
Since the ball is caught, hence final velocity  20 –  6 1  14N
is zero. 3. (a) Mg sin   mg
So here, dv = 25 – 0 = 25 m/s, dt = 0.1 is
dv 1
 Fm  m  M sin   10    5gm
dt  2
Since the ball is caught, hence final velocity
is zero. 4g – 2g g
4. (b) a system  
so here, dv = 25 – 0 = 25 m/s, dt = 0.1s 6 3
100 25  2g – TBC  2a
 F  1000  0.1  25N
2. (a) Impulse = mu - mv  TBC  2g – 2a

 4  2g 4g
=   0.1   m  0  v  0 after two seconds   2g –   13.3N
 2  3 3
–1
= – 0.2 kg m sec

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 Hints & Solutions
2T = m3g ...(i)
3  m Further is m3 is at rest, then pully P is also
 m – m g g
 2  at rest. Writting equations of motion.
5. (b) a  2 g
3 5m 5 m1g  T  m1a ..(ii)
mm
2 2
T  m2 g  m2a ...(iii)
6. (b) Fnet  ma Solving Eq. (ii) and (ii) we get, m3 = 1 kg
 3g – g  10  a 3. (a) Let T0 = tensiton in the string passing over A
T = tension in the string passing over B
g 2T0 = F and 2T = T0
a   2m / s 2
5  T = F/4 = 25 N
weight of block are mg = 50 N
7. (c) g eff  2g mg = 100 N
2m1m2 4m1m2 As T < mg and Mg both the block will remain
T g eff  g stationary on the floor.
m1  m2 m1  m2 (b) T = F/4 = 75 N
As T < mg and T > mg, M will remain
stationary on the floor wheream will move.
Acceleration of m
T  mg 75  50
a   5m / s 2
m 5
F T0

A B
4w1w 2

w1  w 2

2m1  m2 2  m  2m  T0 T0 T T
4
8. (d) T1  g g  mg (c) T = F/4 = 125N
m1  m2 3m 3 As T > mg and Mg both the block will
accelerate upwards
8 17
T2  2T1  3g  mg  3mg  mg Acceleration of m,
3 3
T  mg 125  50
-5 a   15m / s 2
m 5
1. (a) 2Ta2 = Ta1 Accleration of M,
7a2= a1 T  Mg 125  100
2. (a) m3 is at rest, Therefore a   2.5m / s 2
M 10
-6

1
1. (d) µ  tan 30   30  angle of friction
2T 2T 3
F
m3 P
30°
T a T 10kg
a
m1
 F
m2 N  mg  F  sin 30  100  
 2
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 Hints & Solutions

3F 1  F -7
  100  
2 3 2 1. (d) Apparent Weight = 0.
3F F This the case of weightlessness.
  100   F  50N 2. (c) wt = m (g – a ) = 5 (9.8-3) = 34N
2 2
2. (a) The force applied on the body that is on the 3. (a) a along  0 the incline
inclined plane is gives as,
F = mg sin 
F = 2 × 9.8 × sin 30° = 9.8 N
The limiting friction force betweent he block
and the inclined plane is gives as,
f = µmg cos 
f = 0.7 × 9.8 cos 30° = 11.88 N
Since the limiting fricton force is greater then
the force that tends to slide the body. Thus,
the body will be at rest and the force of friction
on the block is 9.8 N.
F  g sin  – a cos   0
 m f
in  a  g tan 
gs
3. (a) m 4. (b) The tension T in the string is
 T= 6(g + a)=6(10+1)= 66N
-8
F  f  mg sin g
1. (d) Friction = mg
2F  f  Mg sin  ....(1)
µmv 2 mgR gR
2F   2Mg sin   2f ....(2) fr  = µ  2 = 0.40
R mv 2 v
(1) – (2)
sin   3µg cos  mv 2 v2
2. (b) µmg = =µ=
R gR
1
tan   µ
3 mv 2
3. (a) µmg =
4. (c) applied force is less then µmg then friction = R
2.8 N
v2
f  µmg R  12.5m
5. (c) a µg
m
-9
129.4  µmg
a = 12.94 = 3× 10
m 1. (d) Given , mass = 6 kg
= 9.94 m/s2 = 10 m/s2 velocity v = v2 – v1 = 5 – 3 = 2
6. (a) Friction = µmg cos 60 Momentum p = mv = 6 × 2 = 12 N-s
1.7  100  10 1 2. (a) Pi  mv
=   0.86
1000 2 Pf  0

7. (a) µmg = 1/2 ×2×10 2kg 2N ImP  P  Pf  Pi  mv

= 8N 3. (a) Change in velocity vf – vi = (10  2)iˆ  (6  6)jˆ

Change in momentum
= mv  5 8iˆ  40ikgms
ˆ 1

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 Hints & Solutions

LEVEL - I 12. (a) fnet  62  8 2  10 2  10 2 = ma

Topic : 1 Newton’s First Laws of Motion  m  10 2kg

1. (b) As tain is retarding, its speed is decreas-
dp P
ing while the apple projected has on stant 13.(b) F 
horizontal vel, so apple will move further dt t
than train in the same dirn.
2. (c) In an accelerated frame a pseudo force has
to be considerd in the dirn. apposite to the
acctn. frame
3. (b) Towards left
4. (c) Inertia is property of body due to its mass
5. (d) If Fnet  0  a  0

dv
i.e;  0  v  co n stt
dt
2mv cos 30 2 1 1 3
Favg    10 3N
or v = 0 0.1 0.1 2
6. (c) Since, body was at rest initially, & no ex-
ternal force acts on the body, so momen- –v –4
14. (b) a   –2m/s 2
tum of system must be conserved. t 2
Topic: 2 Newton’s 2nd & 3rd Laws of Motion  Frequired   2  2  4N

nP n.  0.05  1000  vdm

7. (a) Favg    200 15. (a) F  2  0.5   1N
t 1sec dt

200 vdm
n 4 16.(a) F  1  5   5N
50 dt
 In 1min  4  60  240 F 5
a    2.5m/s 2
8. (c) As monkey climbs, banana on the other m 2
side also shift vertically as forces are bal-
17. (b) mg – T = ma .......1
anced on with sides
T = ma ......2
9. (d) When lift accelerates upward, spring
force(normal) us causing the monkey to be From equation 1 & 2
accelerated upward and is also lifting
monkey’s weight, so, net force is maximum. m' g
a
m  m'
10. (c) Based on Newton third law
18. (b) (A) 4g – T = 4a .....(1)
F
11. (c) a T = 5a .....(2)
m
From equation (1) & (2)
L
F 4g
a
x 9

M M F m2 – m1 1 g
T  L – x  .a   L – x  (B) a g g
L L M m2  m1 9 9

F L – x 
T
L
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 Hints & Solutions

2mv 2  0.01 5  29. (a) v2  u2  2as

19. (b) Favg    10N
t 0.01
–u2 –90  90
a   –6750
dp 25 2  0.6
20. (a) F   dp   Fdt
dt
 F  ma  0.04  6750   270N
 P  Area under F-t curve = 0
30.(d) P  Pf – PC  m  vf – v i   6  5 – 3  12Ns
u 4
21. (b) T1  m  g  a  ; a    2m/s 2
t 2 dp d
= 12m 31.(a) F 
dt dt
 2  3t2   6t Ft  3  18N

T2  mg  10m
32. (a) Fnet  62  82  102  10 2  ma
–4
T3  m  g – a  ;a   –4m/s 2 10 2
1
 m  10kg
2
 T1 : T2 : T3  12 :10 : 6  6 : 5 : 3
33. (b) 2T cos 60  mg
vdm
22. (a) F  2  5   10N  mg  T
dt

23. (b) u  10m/s , v  –2m/s t  4 sec

 v  u  at T 60°
60° T

–12
 –2  10  a  4  a   –3m/s 2
4
24. (c) v2  u2  2as  u a

F 1 mg
 v  v
m m
2T cos 60o  mg
5–4 g
25. (d) a g 1
54 9 2  20   mg = 20N
2
 g  10
 T  m  g  a   1 g  9   9 g 34.(c) N   m1  m2  g  a  = 7(15) = 105N
 
26. (c) T  ma  10  12  120N T3 40
35. (d) asystem    2m/s2
m1  m2  m3 20
 200 – 120  20a  a  4m/s 2
 T2   m1  m2  a system  16  2  32N
27. (b) T1   m1  m2  g  a 
36. (a) The instant man is about to jump it presses
  20  9.8  2.2  240N the balance so to impart momentum to
himself, So, spring balance reading first
28.(b) Mg – FT  M ....(1) increases & then becances zero when he
has ready jumped off.
FT –  M – m  g   M – m   ....(2)
From equation (1) and (2)
2
m M
g
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 Hints & Solutions
37. (a) N = mg
5
  – tan –1  
N 6

43.(b) T  1.9  0.1 g  a   2  9.8  0.2  20N

v T T R
44.(c)  
sin 90 sin  90    sin   –  

w R
 
cos  sin 
mg
Also, summa on of all forces mmt be zero
= 0.04(9.8)N for the body at rest
  
 0.392  105 d ynes  39200dynes  TRw 0
And, T 2  R 2  w 2
p 0.2  20 
38.(a) Favg    8N 1
t 0.5 45.(d) sin  
x
v2 10000 106
39. (a) a  
2S 2  0.06 12 x
ma
 106  1
Favg  0.005    416.57N
 12  
a
40. (d) When lift free falls (a = g), Reading of spring
balance will be zero. ma cos   mg sin 

dm 1
41. (c) FT  v  m a  g   a  g tan   g
dt x2 – 1
 dm  4 46. (b) Suppose block moves up with speed v '
 800    5000  30   15  10
 dt  Due to constraint
1
v
dm 1500
   187.5kg /s
dt 8 

Topic : 3 Equilibrium of a Particle

v v
F 50 5
42. (c) tan     v
mg 60 6  v' 
v' cos   v cos 

47.(b) Mg sin  – T  Ma

T  Ma g sin 
a
F mg sin   2Ma 2

48. (c) 2T cos   2mg

T  mg

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 Hints & Solutions

 2mg cos   2mg Topic : 5 Friction

54.(a) Fnet  ma
1
cos   3mmg
2 mmg m
mmg
  45 M

49. (b) Due to constaint :-  mmg  Ma

mmg
a 
M
55.(a) a max,xag  mg  0.6  g   6m/s2

 Fnet  ma system   2  5  6  42N

' ' v
v sin   v  v  56. (a) a max  mg
sin 

50. (a) m1a  T  m2 g v 2 v2

s    [ v2  2as ]
2a 2mg
m2 g
a ma – mMg
m1 57. (c) ablock 
m
Also 2
ma a=2m/s
F   m1  m2  m3  a
mmg

m2 g  2 – mg
  m1  m2  m3 
m1  0.5m /s 2
51. (a) Mg – T  ma Now,
1 2
2 S at
T  mg 2
3
Sa
1 g S2 a 2 a
 mg  ma  a     S2  2  s1 
3 3 S1 a1 a1
52.(a) Fnet  ma 2
 S2   4  16m
 10  5  g  150  15  a 0.5
58.(d) mg sin   mmg cos 
 300  15a
 2  mg sin  – mmg cos 
 a  20m /s 2
 sin   m cos 
53. (b) Mg – T  ma  T  45g  2sin  – 2m cos 
 60g – 45g  60a  3m cos   sin 

g  tan   3m
a
4    tan–1  3m 
g 59. (c) a max,3kg  mg  0.5 10   5m/s2
When acceleration is more than , then
4
tension is less than 45g. Fmax   5  3  5   40N

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 Hints & Solutions
60. (c) fs,max  0.5  5   2.5N 100
68.(a) a system   2.38m/s 2
 0  f  2.5 42
f fs,max  mmg  0.5  7 10   35N

fs,max
a s,max 35kg   1m/s 2
m
So, relative motion will occur
mk mg 0.4  7 10 
mg=0.1  a 35kg    0.8m/s2
M 35
 f  0.98N
61. (d) T = 10g = 100 mg 2  1 2m
69. (b)  f  m  mg     m  0.5
T  m  20  m g  100 3  3  3 3
70.(a) conceptual
100 100 71.(d) conceptual
  20  m     40
mg 2.5 72.(a) fs,max  mmg cos 
 m  20kg µg sin

g
62. (a) a net  g sin  – mg cos   1 – m 
2 mg sin

g 4.9
  mmg cos   mg sin 
2 2 2
 tan   m
63. (a) P  Q sin   mN
   tan–1  m 
N  mg  Q cos 
v2 6  6
P  Qsin  73. (d) a  2
2s 2  9
 m  mg  Q cos 
Also, a  mg  2  m  0.2
2
64. (c) a max,3kg  mg  0.5  g   5m/s
74. (a) a max  mg  0.4 10   4
 F – 0.4  6  3 g   6  3  5
v2 8  8
S    8m
 F – 36  45 2a 2  4 
 F  45  36  81N
75. (d) fs,max  mN  0.6 12  7.2N
65. (b) m  m  m2  g  T  m1g
f=5N
m 5
 m  1 – m2  – 10
m 0.15
100 70
 – 10   23.3kg
3 3
66. (c) T cos   450 N=12N
T sin   
  45o
then T =  5N
67. (a) fs,max  mmg  0.54  20   10.8N  f  mg  5N
 f  F  2.8N
 R  N2  f 2  52  122  13N

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 Hints & Solutions

LEVEL - II
1. (c) To decelerate a body, a force must be ap-
plied opposite to the direction of velocity,
irrespective of its magnitude. According to
condition of motion under two forces, f1 and
f2 must be acting in opposite directions and
may be equal, not necessarily must be
equal.
m2 – m1 2m – m g
2. (b) a g g
m2  m1 3m 3
3. (b) 2T – 2g = 2a  ma cos   mg sin   m  mg cos   ma sin  
T–g=a
  45
 20 – g  a
 a  g  m g  a 
 a = 10m/s2
4. (c) m1gsin – T  m1a ...... (1) 1 m
 a 1 – m   1  m  g  a  g
T – m2g = m2a .......(2) 1– m
from equation (1) & (2)
10.(a) mg sin   ma sin 
m1g sin  – m2g   m1  m2  a

1
 10 10  – 5 10   15a  a = 0
2
5. (d) fs,max  0.6  20  g  120N
Since,
fs,max  Fext
m(g  a)sin   µm(g  a)cos 
 a=0 tan   µ
So, f1  0, f2  80N 1
µ
6. (a) x  pt  qt 2  rt 3 3
v  p  2qt  3rt 2 11. (d)  Fnet along incline  m  g  a  sin 
a  2q  6rt a

a t  2  2  4   6  5  2  68m/s2
 F  ma  136N
–3
7. (b) Fx  –3  a x  m/s 2
5
 v  u  at
3
06– t  t  10 sec
5 
8. (c) Block B will free fall a = g
Block A mg

 3m – 2m  g g ma
a 
2m 2  a net   g  a  sin 
9. (b) ma cos   mg sin   mN

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 Hints & Solutions
1 g 3g 2g
L a net t 2 a AB  a A – a B  – –
2 5 5 5

2L T2
t 16 (a) T1 sin   Mg 
 g  a  sin  2
T1
12. (a) mg sin  – f  ma 

g 
 f  mg sin  – ma  m  – 0.4  T2
2  mg

 8  4.6   36.8N

3–2 g 45°
13. (a) a g   2m /s 2
5 5
v  at  2  5   10m/s
m
v 2 102
s   4.9m T2
2a 2g T1 cos  
2
F (i) and (2)
14. (a) – mg  ma
4
Mg
F  tan   1  2
T2
Also

T  T mg
2  2   mg  2 
 2 2 2
F/2
F/2
Mg = 1  2M
 tan   1 
 mg  m
 
F/4  2 
F/4
18. (c) When
m M m
F mg, fs,max  mmg
 75 – 50  5a 3
 a  5m /s 2 m
f  F  mg
F 3
a10kg  0 as  Mg f
4
2m
g
15.(d) a A  mg  0.2g 
5 1
f
m 1 m
f2mmg fs,max   3m  g  mmg
mmg 3
3m 2mg
' m
For B 2mg – mmg  3ma B  f  f  3mg  T  0
g '
2g – Since fs,max  fs,max
 aB  5  9 g  3g
3 53 5 So, T = 0 always
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 Hints & Solutions
19. (b) N  w  F sin  21. (a) 45    75
2 2
R=f + N B 
N 75°
F
o

v’
 45° A
u
f

   30
w Speed of beads along the string must be
same (due to constraint)
f  v' cos 60  ucos 45
tan   m
N
v' u
F cos   mN  
2 2
 m  w  F sin  
 v'  u 2
 tan   w  F sin  22. (d) Since, block is at rest, so, forces must
balance
 F  cos  – sin  tan    w tan  R= fnet
N
 F  cos  cos  – sin  sin   f

 w sin 

 F cos       w sin 

w sin 
F mg
cos     
 Fnet  mg  30N N
20. (a) 2F cos   Mg 23. (b) N = 50g – T
T
d 2T = N + 25g
F F
2T
N

 F h 50g
F

25g
2T = 50g –T + 25g
3T = 75g
Mg Mg
F  T =250 N
2cos  
  24. (b) For block
 h 
2
2 
 h2   d  
   
 2 

Mg Ah2  d 2 Mg
  d 2  4h2
2h 2 4h
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 Hints & Solutions
2
mg  4
N  mg cos   cos 2  2 cos 2  – 1  2   – 1
2 5
For wedge  16  7
 2  –1 ...(iii)
 25  25
N'  2mg  N cos 
Using (ii) & (iii) in eqn (i)
mg 5  7  8 4
 2mg  mg cos 2   2mg   mg mg  N2    N2 .  
2 2  25  5 5
 f  mN'  N sin  32 7
 N2 – N2  mg
25 25
mg 1  N2  mg
.
N sin  2 2 1
m    0.2 28. (d) m  m2  m  g  m1g
N' 5
mg 5
2
m1
25. (a) Figure 1 m – m2
m
26. (b) Net work done by internal consernative force
must be zero m m
29. (c) m  l – l1  g   l1  g
l 

 m  l – l1   l1

m
 l1  l
2T  v  – 3T  v   0 1 m
30. (b) Checking the equilibrium of system
3v 
 2v – 3v  0 v
2 2g sin 45 – T  0 ...(1)

3v  v T – 2g sin 30 – f  0 ....(2)

 v AB  v A – v B  2 – v   2
adding (1) & (2)
27. (d) mg  N2 cos  2   N1 cos  ...(i)
2g – g – f  0
N2 sin  2   N1 sin 
 2N2 cos   N1
f   
2 – 1 g  0.414g

Also
4
 2N2 .    N1
5 fs,max  So,a  0
5 31. (d) For man
 N2 .  N1 ...(ii)
8
f f

mg

2f – mg = mg .....(1)
For plank
2f – mg = ma ....(2)

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 Hints & Solutions
From equation (1) and (2)
1080 1080
2f – mg = ma  vf    24m/s
m 45
f = mg/2 given then a = 0
38.(d) Px  A cos ktiˆ ; Py  –A sin  kt  ˆj
 m2  m1  m2g 3g
32. (b) (i) a1   m  m  g  m  m =
 1 2  1 2 7 Pnet  p2x  p 2y  A

 m1  m2   P  constt
(ii) a2=  m  m  g  a 2 = 9/7 F must be perpendicular to momentum
 1 2 
39. (b) Since, blocks are free falling, no normal
 3  4 sin 30  reaction acts in between blocks
(iii) a3 =   g = 9/7 So,
 7 
33. (b) From constrainst, both block move to- Fnet5,y  mg  5g  50N
gether as,
40. (d) a A  12t =
a 4kg  g sin 30 – 0.3g cos 30
 dv  12 tdt  v A  6t 2
a 2kg  g sin 30 – 0.2g cos 30
When, block B comes to rest both blocks A
 6gsin30 – 0.3  4g cos 30 – 0.2  2g cos 30  & C are moving with same velocity,

 3g – 0.6g 3 – 0.2g 3  6a 1
So, v A  vB  6t 2  3t  t  2
 3g – 0.8g 3  6a
41.(c) m2g – T  m2a ...(i)
 a  2.69m /s 2
2T  Ma' ...(ii)
3 T  m1g ...(iii)
34.(b) fs,max  mg sin 60  g
2
Also
Fmin  mg sin 60  fs,max
a –0
 a '  a  2a
 3g  17.32N 2

(i) + (ii) – (iii)  m2 g

35. (d) T2   m1  m2  a
 m 2a  ma ' – m1g
T1  m1a
  m2  m1  g  m2  2a   Ma
' '

T m1
 1 
T2 m1  m2  3g   4  m a
'

36. (b) Since no friction is present, block is not

able to go forward. ' 3g
 a 
a=0 4M
In eq. (2)
dp
37.(d) F   dp   Fdt 3g
dt  2  m1g   M.
4M
1 3  2g  4  M  3Mg
 p  180  4  180  4   180  4
2 2
 8g  2Mg  3Mg
 m  v f – vi   1080  M  8kg

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 Hints & Solutions
42.(b) a net  a cos  – g sin  So, both block will move together

45. (c) masin

N

ma
a0

mgsin
mg mgcos
3 g
10 3. –
2 2 N  ma sin   mg cos 
= 15 – 5 when contact loose
= 10m/s2 N=0

25 2 1 mg cos   ma sin 
t  
a 10 5 a  g cot 
 
 1  46. (c) | j|  | P|  |m  v f – v i |
43. (c) P   Fdt  m  5  20 – 10  2 
 2 
2  dx 
 m  vf – vi   90m vf  –  –1m/s  v  
2  dt 
 v f  90m/s.
2
vi    1m/s
44. (b) N  20  10  30N 2

 j  0.4  –1 – 1  0.8Ns

47. (b) y  kx 2

a
tan  
g
Also,

fs,max  mN  0.6  30  = 18N

1
fs,max  0.1  N  20   5N

18 – 5 13
 a max     6.5m/s 2
2 2

25 – 5 20 dy a a
a system    5m/s 2 tan    2kx  x
4 4 dx g 2kg
48. (d) T cos   mg
 a System  a max
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 Hints & Solutions

Section-B
(Assertion and Reason Type)
1. (a) Since friction coefficient decreares, friction
force decreases, So it is difficult for the ve-
hicle to accelerate or stop.
2. (a) a and b both wrong
3. (b) conceptual
T sin   mrw 2  m  l sin  w 2
4. (a) If the vector sum of all the forces is zero,
then body will be at rest or uniform mo-
 T  mlw 2
tion.
T 18 5. (a) conceptual
w  = 36 rad/s
ml 0.5 6. (c) f  R cos 

42 g
49. (b) a= g
6 3
 2g – T  2a
 2g  4g
 T  2(g  a)  2  3   3  13N
  where,
50. (c) f1,max  0.5 10g   5g  50N R = contact force = f 2  N2

f2,max  0.25  30g  Friction force always oppose relative motion

is while opposing Rel.motion it may support
100 5 or, oppose the motion of the body.
a system   m/s 2
60 3 7. (c) conceptual
 f1,max  f2,max 8. (d) Weight scale measures mass of the body
weight lessness means free fall
Block of 20kg & 30kg will move together
(i.e, Normal rkn = 0)
9. (b) Conceptual
10. (b) Due to inertia of objectis on the table, both
can be pulled abruptly

dv
If a  0  dt  0  v  const

So, when speed changes, there must be

acceleration
11. (c) Conceptual
12. (c) For a body
50
 a 20kg   1m/s 2
50

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 Hints & Solutions
N – mg  ma 4. (b) Initially
2g – T  2a
 N  m  g  a   mg
13. (b) Conceptual T  6a
14. (d) Inertion is the property due to which a body 2g  8a
oppose to change its state of rest or, state
of uniform motion. 20
 a1  m/s 2
Angle of repose is an angle at which body 8
just starts sliding on an incline. When BC = 2
Angle og friction is angle between normal
3g – T  3a
reaction and contact force.
15. (c) Conceptual T  5a

Section-C 3g  8a
(Takshila Challengers)
30
a  m /s 2
8
1. (a) f  mmg  0.2  2 10   4N
5. (c) T sin   40
s  vt  10m
 w  –4 10   –40 j

4.2J  1cal

40cal
40 j   9.33cal
4.2

1 1
2. (a)  g sin  – mg cos  nt 2  g sin t2 40
2 2 T  80N
sin 30
  sin  – m cos  n2  sin 
 T – mg  ma
 1 – m cot   n2  1
2
1  80 – 50  5a  a  6m /s
 m cot   1  2
n
F 
6. (b) a system   N2m
1 5m
 m  1 2
n
  45
N  2ma system
3. (b) v = constant, i.e. fs  mg sin  F 2
2m,  F
5m 5

a net  2g sin   v2  2as

v2 v 2
s 
2a 2g sin 

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 Hints & Solutions
2 Section-D
f  mN  mF
5
(Previous Years Questions)
 f  mg 1. (c) For equilibrium of the block limiting friction
2 fL  mg  mN  mg  mmr2  mg
 mF  mg
5
5m
F g
2m

4 –1 3
7. (c) a g  g  6m /s 2
5 5

a rel.  12m /s 2
1 1
s a rel.t 2  6  12  t 2  t  1sec
2 2 g
 10
 min   10rad / s
24 – 12 rm 0.1  1
8. (a) a system   1m/s 2
12 2. (c) As forces are forming closed loop in same
order
24 – f, = 2a 
 dv
 f = 24 – 2 = 22N So, F net  0  m 0
dt
N – 12 = 6a
 N = 6 +12 = 18N

P 2mv
9. (b) Favg  
t t
d/2 d
t 
v v
2mv 4mv 2
 Favg  
d /2v d

10. (b) F  2T cos   v  constant
3. (c) Coefficient of sliding friction has no dimension
f
f  ms N  f  ms 
N
4. (c) As there is no relative motion between block and
wedge
ma cos   mg sin   a  g tan 

T sin   ma

T sin 
a
m

F F x
 tan   .
2m 2m a – x 2
2

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 Hints & Solutions
5. (a) Before cutting the string Fnet
kx = T+3 mg ... (i) 9. (a) Acceleration of system a 
Mtotal
T = mg ... (ii)
14 14
 kx  4mg    2m / s2
4  2 1 7
After cutting the string T = 0
4mg – 3mg
aA 
3m

10. (b) For the motion of both the blocks

m1a  T – mk m1g
m2g – T  m2a

g mg
aA   and a B  g
3 3

m2 g – mk m1g
a
m1  m2

 m g – mk m1g 
m2g – T   m2   2 
 m1  m2 
Solving we get tension in the string
6. (d) Net force on particle in uniform circular motion is m1m2g 1  m k  g
 mv2  T
m1  m2
centripetal force  1  which is provided by
  11. (a) Coefficient of static friction,
tension in string so the net force will be equal to
tension i.e., T. 1
ms  tan 30   0.577  0.6
7. (b) On a banked road, 3
2 1 2
Vmax  m  tan   S  ut  at
 s  2
Rg  1 – ms tan  
Maximum safe velocity of a car on the banked road 1 2 1
4 a  4   a   0.5
2 2
 m  tan  
Vmax  Rg  s 
1 – ms tan    s  4m and t  4sgiven
8. (d) To completed the loop must enter a vertical loop of a  g sin  – mk  g  cos 
radius R with the minimum velocity v  5gR .

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 Hints & Solutions
0.9 As speed is constant acceleration a = 0
 mk   0.5  6 mg = 6ma = 0, F = 6 mg
3
12. (d) According to question, two stones experience same  T = 5mg, T'  3mg
centripetal force
T ''  0
i.e. FC1  FC2

mv12 2mv22
or,  or, V12  4V22
r  r / 2
So, V1  2V2i.e.,n  2
13. (c) Change in momentum
p   Fdt Fnet on block of mass 2 m
= Area of F–t graph
 T – T ' – 2mg  0
1 17. (c) For upper half of inclined plane
 2  6 – 3  2  4  3  12N –s

2
14. (c) Acceleration
Net force in the direction of motion
=
Total mass of system

m1g – m  m2  m3  g g
  1 – 2m 
m1  m2  m3 3

 m1  m2  m3  m given v2  u2  2aS / 2  2  g sin   S / 2  gSsin 

15. (a) Let upthrust of air be Fa then
For lower half of inclined plane
For downward motion of ballon
Fa  mg – ma 0  u2  2g  sin  – m cos   S / 2

mg – Fa  ma  2sin   m cos 
For upward motion 2 sin 
m  2 tan 
Fa –  m – m  g   m – m  a cos 
18. (d) Given; speed = 10 m/s; radius r = 10m
2ma Angle made by the wire with the vertical
Therefore m 
g a
v2 102
16. (d) From figure tan     1    45  
rg 10  10 4

19. (b) Momentum P = mv = m 2gh

 v2  u2  2gh; Here u  0
When stone hits the ground momentum
P  m 2gh
When same stone dropped from 2h(100% of
initial) then momentum

P '  m 2g  2h   2P

F = 6 mg,

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 Hints & Solutions

V2  µN  mg
20. (c) For banking tan  
Rg  µm  mg
   g /µ
V2
tan 45  1 
90  10 26. (c) F  6iˆ  8ˆj  10k
ˆ
v  30m/s
|F| 36  64  100  10 2N
21. (d) For smooth driving maximum speed of car v then

mv 2  2 2 2
 F  Fx  Fy  Fz 
 µs mg  
R
v  µs R g a = 1 ms– 2
 F = ma
22. (c) Impulse experienced by the body = change in
momentum = MV – (–MV) = 2MV.
10 2
m   10 2kg
23. (c) a=1 1
27. (a) Net froce, F = T – mg
ma = T – mg
m =1000 kg
2000 a = 28000 – 20000 = 8000
8000
Total mass = (60 + 940) kg = 1000 kg a  4ms 2 
2000
Let T be the tension in the supporting cable, then
d(mv)  dm 
T – 1000g = 1000 × 1 28. (a) Force required, F   v   vM
dt  dt 
 T = 1000 × 11 = 11000 N
as velocity v is constant, hence
24. (d) Frictional force on the box f = µmg
F = Mv newton
 Acceleration in the box
29. (a) The components of 1 N and 2N force
a = µg = 5 ms–2
along + x axis = 1 cos 60° + 2 sin 30°
v2 =u2 + 2as
1 1 1 3
 0  22  2  (5)s
= 1  2    1   1.5N
2 2 2 2
2 Y
 S w.r.t.belt 4 cos 30º + 1 sin 60º
5 4N
distance = 0.4 m 1N

25. (c) Forces acting on the block are as shown in the fiugre. 30°
Normal reaction n is provided by the force m due 60º
to acceleration 
4sin30° 1cos 60° + 2 sin 30º
Ff
30°

N=m 2cos30°
The component of 4N force along –x- axis
mg
1
 N  m = 4 sin 30º = 4 ×  2N .
For the block not to fall, frictional force, 2
Therefore, if a force of 0.5 N is applied along + x-
Fr  mg axis, the resultant force along x- axis will become
zero and the resultant force will be obtained only
along y-axis.
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 Hints & Solutions

EXEPLANATION
K2
3. (a) P2  P1  1.001P = 1.0005P
CHAPTER-2 K1 1 1

WORK, ENERGY AND POWER  K.E increases by 0.05%

-3

-1
t2 2t 2
1. (c) S v a
3 3 3
1
1. (c) w 04  10  4   20J
2  2   2t 
 w. D   F.d x  3  3   3 dt 
1   
w 4 12  10    4   4  10  60J
2 2
2
4 t  2 8
2 x2   0   4  J
2. (b) w.t T   F.dx   2xdx   x  x 3 2 3 3
1
2. (b) 300 = w.Df + mgh
x 22 – x12  w.D  300 – mgh
 
3. (b) 
w.D = F.r  ˆi  2ˆj  3kˆ  –2ˆj  kˆ  = 300 –(2(10)(10)) = 100J
 
= – 4 + 3 = –1J 3. (a) w.D = F.d  Fd cos  90   0
4. (d) According to the definition , work is done 4. (d) A block sliding on plank friction will act posi
when an external force is applied on a body tive to velocity of block, work done by by fric-
and that causes displacement of body. So if tion on block will be negative.
the displacement = 0 , work done= 0 . Reaction pairs of friction will act on plank
  in forward direction so in friction of displace-
5. (a) w. D = F.d
ment, plank friction will do negative work
 
 2iˆ – ˆj  4kˆ . 3iˆ  2ˆj – kˆ  6–2–40 on it.
when block reaches other end, both block
-2 and plank will move with common velocity.
(M + m )VC = mV0
10 2
1. (d) u  2m/s. 1 2 1  mV0 
5 Loss in KE = mV0  (M  m)  
2 2 Mm
P Pf – Pi  Pf – 10  This loss in KE is work against friction
F   So,total work by friction is negative. There-
t t 10
fore, Option A, B, C is correct
 2  Pf – 10 Hence option D is the one which is not cor-
 Pf  12kgm/s rect.
5. (d) According to the definition , work is done
P 2 – P12 122 – 102 when an external force is applied on a body
 K.E  2  and that causes displacement of body. So if
2m 2 5 
the displacement = 0 , work done= 0 .
22  2 22 -4
   4.4J
10 5
1. (a) w.Dconst  – V
2. (d) p  2mK1
1 2 1 m
P2 m1  P1  k 2
2
2. (b) kx  mv 2  x  .v
M =   2 2 k
2k m2  P2  K1
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 Hints & Solutions
0.1 10 1 1 2
x
1000
10  
100
 0.1m 2. (b)
2
mv 2  m
2
 gR   mgR 1 – cos 60 

1 2 1 
3. (a) kx
mg (h + x) =  v2  gR  2gR    2gR
2 2
Here, m = 2kg, h = 60 cm
mv 2
k = 1960 Nm–1 and g = 10 ms–2 3. (a) F
R
1 2
 2 × 10 (0.5 + x) = 2  1960x 2
 3 3 
On solving we get x = 10 cm  m  v 
2  2 
F 
'

-5 3 
 R
2 
1
1. (c) mv 2  mg  l – l cos   9 mv 2 9
2 F'   F  2.25F
4 R 4
 v2  2gl 1 – cos  
4. (a) T sin   mrw2
 v  2gl 1 – cos 

1
2. (c) mv 2  U
2
2U
m
v2
K.E 98
3. (b) mgh    49
2 2  m  l sin  w2

5  T  mlw 2
  2 9.8  h  49  h   2.5m
2
T 100
w   100rad /s
1 2 ml 0.1  0.1
4. (c) w m 10 
2 -7
Also,
1 2 1 2 P
m  20  – m 10  1. (d) P  F.v   ma  v  vdv dt
2 2 m
1
 m  202 – 10 2   v2 
2P
tv
2P
t
2 m m
1 2
2 ' 3/2
 m 10   4 – 1
2   dx  K'  tdt  x  Kt  xt3/2
3
1 2
 m 10   3  = 3w w.D 200 10  200 
2 2. (a) P   40000w
t 10
-6
 40k.w
dm
1 1 3. (a)  100kg /sec
1. (d) mgh  mv 2B  m  5gR  dt
2 2
v= 2gh
5 2
h R  R  h  2cm
2 5
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 Hints & Solutions
1 LEVEL - I
K.E = mv 2
2
Topic : 1 Work
dK 1 dm 2 1. (a) x  3t – 4t 2  t3
P  v
dt 2 dt
v  3 – 8t  3t 2
1 a  –8  6t
 100   2 10  100 
2 F = ma = 0.03(6t – 8)
= 100kw  
w.D. =  F.d x
-8
 0.03  6t – 8   3 – 8t  3t  dt
2

Pi  em2  u2 – u1   0.03  8t – 48t 2  18t 3 – 24  64t – 24t 2 

1. (c) v1  4
m1  m2  9 
 0.03 9t2 – 16t3  t 4 – 24t  32t2 – 8t3 
 2 0
 3m – 5m   m  –5 – 3 4
  9 
2m  0.03  41t2 – 24t3  t 4 – 24t 
 2 0
–2m – 8m  9 
  –5m/s  0.03 41  16 – 24  64  16  16  – 24  4
2m  2 
v2  3m/s  0.03 176 = 5.28J
m 1 m 2. (c) K1x1  k 2 x 2  F
2. (b) mv cos   v   –v cos  
2 2
 2k 2 x1  k 2 x 2
1
 2mv cos   mv – mv cos   2x1  x 2
 3mv cos   mv1 1 1
1
w1  k1x12  k1 x12 ;
 v  3vcos 2 2
3. (b) m1 10   m1  2  m2 5  1 1 k 
w 2  k 2 x 22   1   2x12 
2 2  k2 
m1 m
 10   1 2  5 1
m2 m2 k1x12
w1 2 1
 
w 2 1  k1  2 2
m
 8 1
 m1 5   4x1
5   2 2 
 m2  m 2 8
3. (b) w.D. =  F.d x  Area under curve F – x
4. (b) v1  2gh'  2g 1.8   36  6m/s 1
= 33  3  3  13.5J
2
v  2gh  2g  5   10m/s
4. (c) w.D = F.x = F(Rsin60°)
1
V  v – v 3
 6 – 10  –4m/s  FR
2
 
v 4 2 5. (c) w.D = F.r  Fr cos   50
  
v 10 5
 10 10  cos   50
5. (a) In elastic collision, both linear momentum
and kinetic energy are conserved. Whereas, 1
 cos  
in inelastic collision, only momentum is 2  1  60
conserved but not kinetic energy.
Total energy is always conserved irrespec- t2
tive of type of collision (elastic or inelastic). 6. (d) s
4

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 Hints & Solutions
t  K.E es by 300%
v
2 11. (d) v2  22  52  29
1 1
a  K.E   0.12 v 2 = 1.74J
2 2
1 2 t 12. (b) K f  0.1K i
w.D   F.dx  6   0 dt
 2 2 1 1 1
 mv 2f  mv 2i
2
2 2 10 2
3 t 
  3J
2 2 vi 200
 vf    20 10m/s
3 10 10
t
7. (c) x 13. (b) K1  K 2
3
v = t2 1 1
a = 2t  20  v12  5v22
2 2
2
w.D.   Fd x   2  2t t 2dt 2 2
0
 4  a1t1    a 2 t 2 
2 2
4  t3dt  t 4   16J  4g  4 
2 2
0
0  4 t1    t 2 
 20  5 
Topic : 2 Kinetic Energy
1  16t12  64t 22
8. (a)  K.E max   K.E cos
2 2
t  t
1 2 1 1 2
 1   4 1 2
 M  v    m  v1   ...(i) t
 2 t 2
2 22 
Also, Topic : 3 Work done by varibale force
1 2 1
m  v  1  mv12 ...(ii) 1
2 2 14. (c) w.D =  F.d x  100 10   10 100
2
2
 v 1
(ii) and (i)    2 3
 v   1000  = 1500J
2
1 1
1  2   2 –1 1
v v 16. (a) w.Di   10  6 – 4  5  4  5 – 2  5
2
1 = 30 – 10 = 20J
v m/s
2 –1  K f  K i  w.D  25  20  45J
1
9. (b) me v e2  10k e v 1 1
2 17. (a) w.DT   20  4 – 20  4  0
2 2
1
mp v 2p  100K e v Topic : 4 Potential Energy
2
2 18. (a) U  mgh  20  20   400J
m  ve  1 v mp
 e     e  1 2
mp  vp  10 vp 10me 19. (d) U K  2
2
P2
10. (c) K.E = 1 2
2m U'  K 10 
2
2 2
P   2P  1 1 2
K 2   2  .K1  4K1   1  K1  4K1 
2
K  5  2  25  K  2  = 25U
 P1   P1  2 2 
24 TAKSHILA INSTITUTE
Corporate Off : D-11/148, Sec-8, (Opp. Metro Pillar 390), Rohini-110085 Ph:- 011-47155238, 9310378303, 9868445900
 Hints & Solutions
1 2 28. (b) k A x A  kB xB  F
20. (c) U kx  10
2 kA  xB  x A  xB
1 2 1  Now,
U'  k  2x   4  kx 2   40J
2 2  1 F2
UA  k A x 2A 
 U  U' – U  40 – 10  30J 2 2k A
21. (d) When the work is done by the system against 1 F2
any conservative force the potential energy UB  k B x B2 
2 2k B
increases.
U  Wconservative force  k A  k B  UA  UB
22. (b) U = mgh = 0.2 (10)(5) = 10J 1 1 m
= Heat produced 29. (b) mv 2  kx 2  x  v
2 2 k
Topic : 5 Conservation of mechanical
Energy 1
30. (b) mv 2  mgl  v2  2gl  v  2gl
2
1 2 1
23. (d) kx  mv 2 Also
2 2
2
v  5g  l – h   2gl  5g  P – h 
 50x 2  0.5 1.5 
3l
 2l  5l – 5h  h  5
2
 100x 2  1.5 
 10x  1.5 Topic : 7 Power
 1x  0.15m 31. (d) U1  m1gh ; U2  m2gh
 m l  mgl
24. (d) w  U  –  0 – g   v1 v
 3 6  18 P1  ;P2  2
t1 t2
25. (b) w  U  mgl sin 
P1 U1 t2  m1   t2 
 2  103 10  sin15 = 20000(0.2588)  .   
P2 U2 t1  m2   t1 
= 5.17KJ
Topic : 6 Law of conservations of Energy 4 11 11
 . 
3 12 9
26. (a) F = –0.1x 32. (c) m = S3  2238  10 3  103 kg
30
w.D   F.dx  –  0.1xdx = 2238kg
20
UT  2238  30 10  = 6714 × 10J
2 30
 x  –0.1
 –0.1 20
 30 2 – 202  w 6714  102
2 2  t   9  102 sec
P 746
0.1
– 50  10   –25J 
900
min  15 min
2
Also 60
33. (b) watt
w.D K.E  K f – K i
34.(a) U = 80(g)(0.2 × 20) = 320gJ
 k f  wD  k i
320g
P = 313.6w
1 2 10
= –25  10 10  = 475J  
2
35. (a)  
P  F.v  4iˆ  ˆj – 2kˆ . 2iˆ  2ˆj  3kˆ 
1 2 2mg
27. (c) mgx  kx  x  = 8 + 2 – 6 = 4w
2 k
TAKSHILA INSTITUTE 25
Corporate Off : D-11/148, Sec-8, (Opp. Metro Pillar 390), Rohini-110085 Ph:- 011-47155238, 9310378303, 9868445900
 Hints & Solutions
36. (d) U  mgh = 100(10)(10)=104
U 104
P   500w
t 20

37. (a) dm  S  r 2dx 

V 2 30 2
V1    10 2 .
3 3
43. (d) m1v1  m2 v2

dU  dmgx  1 80   2v2  v2  40m/s

2
1 1
2
 dU  r g  xdx ET  1 80 2   2 40 2
1/2 2 2
= 3200 + 1600 = 4800J = 4.8kj
r 2 g 2 L
U x 
2  1/2 44.(b) P  122  162 = 20

r2 g  2 L2  r2 3L2 3

 L –  g  r 2gt 2
2  4 2 4 8

3 3 2 2
U 8    
10  2 9.8  30 
P 
t 3600  m3  4   20
= 11545.35w = 11.55kw m3  5kg
38. (b) P = F.V = (ma)(at) = ma2t
P t 45. (d) m1v1  m2 v2  4v1  8  6   v1  12m/s
39. (b) m = SV  103  30   3  104 kg 1
 k1   4  v12  288J
4
  3  10  10  40 2
46. (b) v  2gh  mv  m 2gh
U 12  106 106 4
P     104
t 15  60 75 3 47. (a) m  90  – mv  mv1
P 40  90 – V = v1 ...(i)
Power consumal =   104 =44.4kw.
0.3 9
v 2 – v1 v1 – 0
Topic : 8 Collisions   0.8
v1 – v 2 90  v

Favg 
2mv sin 60  310  3  v1  0.8  90   0.8V ...(ii)
40. (a)   150 3N
t 0.2 From (i) & (ii), we get
41. (d) V  100 – 10  5   50m/s 90 – v = 0.8(90) + 0.8v
Momentum conservation  1.8v = 0.2(90)
 v = 10m/s
1 50   0.6  v1  – 0.4  25 
3m 1 1 4
 0.6v1  50  10  60 48. (d) mv  v v  v
4 3
60
 v1   100m/s upward. 4 3  4 3 
0.6 49. (b) m1  S    2   m; m2  S    4 
3  3 
42. (a) 3mv1  mv 2 = 8m, 8m.

26 TAKSHILA INSTITUTE
Corporate Off : D-11/148, Sec-8, (Opp. Metro Pillar 390), Rohini-110085 Ph:- 011-47155238, 9310378303, 9868445900
 Hints & Solutions
Pi  em1  u1 – u2  81m  m  81 – 0  r  1
3
r1 1
v2    1   
m1  m2 9m r2 2
 r2  8
2  81 m 60. (a) STotal  h  2h1  2h2  ...
  18cm/s
9m 2
e2 v2 e  2gh 
50. (c) Fang  4  0.02  300    24w h1    e2 h
2g 2g
51. (b) MV  M  m  v1 2

1 h2 
 e  ev   
e4 2gh
 e4 h
 20 10   25v 2g 2g
1
 v1  8m /s  K.E   25  82  800J e e v 
2
2

2
h3   e6 h
2g
Pi  em1  u1 – u2 
52. (b) v2  2 4 6
m1  m 2  Stotal  h  2e h  2e h  2e h  ...

m1v  m1v 2m1v  h  2h e2  e 4  e6  ....

   m1  m2 .
m1  m2 m1  m2
 e2  1 – e 2  2e2 
 h  2h  2   h  2 
2m1v 1 – e   1–e 
 u2  m  2v  40m/s
1
1  e2 
53. (a) mv1  mv2  h 2
1 – e 
5
 5 10   20  v2   v 2   25m/s 61. (b) m1u  –m1v  m2 v
2
m1u   m2 – m1  v
1 mv
54. (d) mv   M  m  v1  v 
Mm m1u v m1
v  
–4v m2 – m1 u m2 – m1
1
55. (a) 4v   A – 4 v1  0  v  A – 4 Also
 
56. (c) Two identical bodies exchange their respec- 1 1 1
m1u2  m1 v 2  m 2 v 2
tive velocities after the head on perfect elas- 2 2 2
tic collisison i.e. v1 = u2 and v2 = u1
 m1u2   m1  m2  v2
 m= M
2
M – m u v m1
  
57. (a) Mu  mu  MV  v   u m1  m2
M
2
58. (a) In elastic callision, energy of the system  m1  m1
remains conserved.   
m
 2 – m1  m1  m2
K1 2
So, K  1 :1  m1 /m2  m1 /m2
2
  
 1 – m1 /m2  1  m1 /m2
59. (a) m1v1  m2 v2 Let
m1 v 2 1 m1
   X
m2 v1 8 m2
2
V1 1  X  X
    
V2 8
(v1 & v2 = volume) 1 – X  1 X
 X 2 1  X   X  X 2  1 – 2X 

TAKSHILA INSTITUTE 27
Corporate Off : D-11/148, Sec-8, (Opp. Metro Pillar 390), Rohini-110085 Ph:- 011-47155238, 9310378303, 9868445900
 Hints & Solutions
2 2
 X  x  x – 2x  1 1 1 m2 u2
 mu2 –  M  m  2
 3X  1 2 2 M  m
1 m 1
X  1  1  m 
3 m2 3  mu2 1 – 
2  M  m
62. (c) Mv  m  u – v 
1  M 
 mu2  
 320v  80 1 – v  2 M m
 4v  1 – v 1 mM 2
 u
1 2Mm
v m/s
5 2 2
67. (d) Pnet   mv    mv 
1 4
 v MG  4 – v  1 – 5  5 m/s  2mv1  mv 2

4 u
s  v MG t   4  3.2m  v1  North-East
5 2
63. (d) MA VA  MB VB  MA VB  MB VA 68. (c) ux  2m/s

When MA  MB  M 1
uy  e  4    4   2m/s
Above eqn. is valid 2

64. (c)  2m  V2   mv 
2
  mv 
2
Pi  em2  u2 – u1 
69. (b) v1 
m1  m2

1
v 0 m  –6 – 6 
2mv2  2mv  v2   3
2 2m
1 2 1 v2 = –2m/s
 K.E = 2  mv    2m 
2  2 2 Pi  em1  u1 – u2 
v2 
1 3 m1  m2
 mv 2  mv 2  mv 2
2 2 1
0 m 6  6
P1 2m1E m1  3
65. (b) P  2mE  P  2m2E

m2
2m
2

1
66. (c) mu   M  m v 0 m 6  6
 3
mu 2m
v
Mm = +2m/s
K.E.  K i – K f
28 TAKSHILA INSTITUTE
Corporate Off : D-11/148, Sec-8, (Opp. Metro Pillar 390), Rohini-110085 Ph:- 011-47155238, 9310378303, 9868445900
 Hints & Solutions
LEVEL - II 3 2
 F.V  t
2
2
1 kx
1.(c) Kx 2  mg  h   h  dV 3
2 2mg m v  t2
  dt 2
2. (a)  
P  F.V  20iˆ – 3ˆj  5kˆ . 6iˆ  20ˆj – 3ˆj  v 32 2
  vdv   t dt
= 120 – 60 – 15 = 45 watt 0 40
3. (c) 
F  –k yiˆ  xjˆ  3
v 2 3 t  0
2

    2
w.DT   F.dr 2 4 3
 v = 2m/s
 
 –k  yiˆ  xjˆ dxiˆ  dyjˆ 
7. (a) FR .d  mg  h  d 


 –k  ydx   xdy
a

0
  h
 F  mg 1  
d


 –k 0  a  y 0
a
 8. (b) At extream positions, particles’s speed is
zero
= –ka2
So, V  E  total energy
4.(d) x  2t 4  5
K=0
dx
v  8t 3 1 g
dt 9. (b) f  mg cos   0.5 1 g    
 2 4
a  24t 2
g g
W.D   F.dx  K.E  w.Df  f.d   2   4.9J
4 2
 2  24t  8t dt   K.E
2 3
10. (b) a max  g  0.5  g   5m/s2
1 384 6 1 60
 K.E  384  t5 dt  t  a system   5m /s 2
0 6  0 12
= 64J  Both blocks move together
5. (b) K.E = 2P.E
Also  w.Df  f.d
K.E + P.E = mgh = Etotal 1 2
 3P.E = mgh  10   5  2  = +100J
2 
mgh
 mgh1  1 1 2
3 2 1  v 
11. (a) K.Efinal   mv   m  
42  2 2
H
H
3 v
 vf  
2
 mgh 
 K.E  2P.E  2  3  v
    v    at  
2
1 2
 mv 2  mgH
2 3 v v
  gt   
2 2gt 
gh
V2 12. (c) U  Uf – Ui
3

3t2 L m l
6. P  mg –  l  g. 
2 2 L 2

TAKSHILA INSTITUTE 29
Corporate Off : D-11/148, Sec-8, (Opp. Metro Pillar 390), Rohini-110085 Ph:- 011-47155238, 9310378303, 9868445900
 Hints & Solutions

mgL mgl2 mv2

 – 18. (a) T – mg cos  
2 2L R

mgL2 – mgl20 mg 2 2

2L

2L
L – l  
U  KE
1 mg 2 2

2
mv 2 
2L

L – l 
v2 T
g 2 2   ar  – g cos 
v
L

L – l  R m
3mg 3
 ar  – g cos   3g – g
13. (a)  K.E x  F.R  5  5   25J m 2
3
1 2  g
 m  v x   25 2
2
g
 v x  10m /s a t  g sin  
2
1
 K.E J  mgR  10  5  25 g 2 3g 2
2  a net   g
4 4
 uy  10m /s 19. (d) N cos  mg  f sin   mg  Nsin 

 vnet  u2x  u2y  10 2 mg

N
= 14.14 m/s cos    sin 
14. (a) K = 100N/m.
mv2
N sin  – f cos  
1 1 2 R
mu2  mg  2 sin 30   K  2 
2 2
mv2
1  N sin  – N cos  
 5U2  100  100  22  200 R
2
mv2
 5U2  100  N  sin  –  cos   
R
 v  20
15. (d) Since the system is in eqn., i.e, cedge does  mg
sin  –  cos    mv2
not move, & thus, no compression in the  cos    sin   R
string
 1 1 
mv 2  – 
16. (a) mg = 2 2
R  rg   v2
 1 1   v=0
  
2  2 2
 5 
v  96 
2 
18
17. (c) tan      0.088 1
Rg 800 10  20. (c) mv2  mgh  mgR
2
y
  0.088
D
 y  0.088m  8.8cm
v2
 g  R – h   v  2g  R – h 
2
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 Hints & Solutions
2
21. (b) ka  m2a 1 2
 v.  3u20
2ka  m3a 2 TBC  mrw 2  m  3l   0  
2  3l  3l
 
412  322
 v 2  2 mv2
4 3
 2 TAB – TBC  m  2l     
2  9l2  9 l
T1 T2  

Emax 2 mv2 3mv 2 5

22. (b) E TAB    mv 2
2 9 l 9l 9l
23. (a) T sin   mr2 Also,

mrw 2 m  l sin   
2 v2 mv20
T  TOA – TAB  m  l  
sin  sin  9l2 9l

2 
2 mv 20 5 2
2
 mlw  ml  2   TOA   mv2  mv 2
  9l 9l 3l

2
 ml  4   16ml mv 2 5 2
 TBC : TAB : TOA  : mv 2 : mv20
3l 9l 3l
mv2 =3:5:6
24. (c) mg cos  – N  ...(i)
R 1
26. (c) mgr  cos  – sin    mv2
2

 v2  2gr  cos  – sin  

Also,
mv2
mg sin  – N 
r
1 N=0
mgR 1 – cos    mv 2
2 mv2
 mg sin  
 v2  2gR 1 – cos  r
When, N = 0 in eqn (i)  g sin   2g  cos  – sin  
m  sin   2cos  – 2sin 
 mg cos  
R
2gR 1 – cos   
 3sin   2cos 
 cos   2 – 2 cos 
27. (c) U  g(3 cos   2)
2
 cos  
3 v

h 2
 
R 3
2
h R
3
25. (d) v  rw 7g
=  g  3 cos   2 
2
v
 v   3lw  w  7
3l  2  3 cos 
2

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 Hints & Solutions
3  100 – 10  5  50m /s
 3 cos 
2
Now,
1
cos   1 50   0.6  v  – 0.4  25 
2
  60  0.6v  60
angle rotated by 120°
28. (b) K = as2  v  100m / s upward.
1 33. (a) P  mv1  mv2
 mv 2  as 2
2
2as 2 2a
 v2  v s
m m
dv 2a  2a  2a
   s  s.
dt m  m  m
j  P   mv1 – P 
Also
Also,
v2 2as2
ar   v2 – v1 v 2 – v1 mv 2 – mv1
R mR e  
u1 – u2 u–0 mu
2 2t 2
 2a  2  2a  s
a net  a 2t  a 2r    s   P – mv1 – mv1 P – 2mv1
m  m  R2  
P P
2as S2 P – 2 J  P 
 1 
m R2 P
1/2
 S2  –P –2J  2J 
Fnet  2as 1     – 1 
 R 2  
 P  P 
' ab 34.(d) 2mv1  mv
29. (b) ab   a  c  v'  v 
a c
v
 v'   0.5m / s
m ' 2
30. (b) mv cos   v
3
1
' 1  2m  v' 2  2mgh
v  3v cos   3  200   300m / s 2
2
31. (d) v A  v v' 2 0.52 0.25
h   m
mv  v 2g 20 20
vco m  
3m 3 = 1.25cm
2

1 1 1 v 
mv2  kx 2   3m     35.(d) a1  1 m/s2
2 2 2 3
1 1 1
 mv 2  Kx 20  mv2
2 2 6
1 2 1 1 1
 kx 0  mv 20 – mv2  mv 2
2 2 6 3
2
2 v 
 K  m  
3  x 

32. (a) v  u – gt

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 Hints & Solutions
6 –1 5 P  em A  uA – uB 
a2   40.(a) vB  i
2 2 m A  mB
m1a1  m2a 2 3
 a am  mv
m1  m2 mv  0.5m  v – 0  3
  2 = v
4
2m 2m
1 1  2 5 / 2 1 5
  Now,
3 3
3 3 
 2m / s2 mv  0.5m  v – 0 
4 4 
VC 
1 m 2m
36.(b) F  2x   mv 2  100 2
2 2
3 3
mv  mv
1 m
F  nx  
2
m  2v    200 2  4 8
2 2 2m

m 2 9
 4  100   mv
9 9
2   8  v 10   5.625m / s
2m 16 16
 FT  nx   4  FT  2x  
d d
 n=8 41. (b) t1  
v x v cos 
1 1
37.(a) mv2  mv 20  mgh
2 2
1 11 
mv12   mv2   mgh
2 22 
11 2 
  mv  mgh   mgh
22 
1
 mv2  mgh t2 
d

d
2
v'x ev cos 
 v  2gh  2 10  20   20m /s
2v sin 
t1  t2  T 
38. (c) v A  2gh  2 10  1.25   5m / s g

mv A  2mv d  1  2v sin 
 1   
vA 5 v cos   e g
v   2.5m / s
2 2
1 2v2 sin  cos  v2
 vc  2.5m / s 1  
e g gd
(as elestic collision between two equal
masses)
1 v2 – gd
v1  
39.(b) m1v1  mv  m1 e gd
3
gd
v  5gl e
2
v  gd
2
 m1v1  m 5gl
3 dm
42. (c) Fv
2 dt
 m1v1  m 5gl
3

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 Hints & Solutions
dm' dm –A  –1 

n dV  –F.dr 
46.(b)
dt dt 2  2r2  r
d '

dt
  Ax   n dtd   Ax  0
A

dr
 dv  – 2  r3
u r
dx ' dx
 n
dt dt 
–A  –1 
 –U 
 v'  nv 2  2r2  r
dm
 P  F.V  v 2 –A  1 1 
dt U 
4   r2 
2  dm '
 
P1  v'  
 dt  U–
A
4r2
2  dm 
  nv   n 3 2 dm
 n3 P mv2 A mv 2
 n v Fr   
 dt  dt r 2r 3 r
v A
43.(d) mv  m  m1v1  mv2 
10 2r 2
9mv 1 A
  m1v1  mv2  2  K.E
10 2 4r
Also,
 E Total  K.E  P.E  0
1 1 v2 1
mv2  m  m1v12 47. (a) E  w.Df  mgh
2 2 100 2
 h 
2 E  mg cos .    mgh
99  1 2 1  m1v1   sin  
  mv  
100  2  2 m1
E sin 
h ....(1)
2 2 mg cos   mg sin 
99  1  1 81 m v
  mv2  
100  2  2 100 m1 h
 w.Df  mg cos . ...(2)
sin 
81mv2
2
 99v  from equation (1) and (2)
m1
E cos 
81m w.Df 
 m1   cos   sin 
99
48.(c) f  mg sin 
81 5  459 5 
  
99 11 11
= 4.09kg
1
44.(b) mgR = mV 2
2
 
1 2 w.Df  f.S
45. (b) kx  mgx
2
 
2mg  mg sin   vt  cos  –  
x 2 
k
 mgvt sin2 
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 Hints & Solutions
1 2 1 2 1
49. (c) U kx 55. (a) kx  mv2
2 2 2
2
dU 1
  2kx 
dx   50  x 2   0.5 1.5   1.125
dt 2 dt
 x 2  0.0225  x  0.15m
 kxvrel
t3
 200  0.110  56. (c) x
3
= 200J/S
U  K x  y dv
50.(a) v  t2
dt
– U
Fx   –K du
x a  2t
dt
– U
Fy   –k  w.D.   F.dx    2 2t  .t2dt
y
2 2
 w.Dx  Fx .d x  4  t 3dt  t 4   16J
 0
 –K 1  –K 0
57.(c) Conceputal
w.D y  Fy .d y  –K  2  –2k
58. (c) w.D  F.S
 w.Dnet  –3K w1  F.S : w 2  F.S
51. (c) K f  0.8k i w1 1
 
1 1 w2 1
 mv2f   0.8  mv 2i
2 2 59. (b) v2  2as1

 v2f  0.8v2i  2v 2  2as2

 2ghf  0.8  2ghi  S2 4

S1 1
 hf  0.8 10   8m  S2  4x
52. (a) change in potential energy = kinetic energy
1 Section-B
4 mv 2 = v  2 2
2 (Assertion and Reason Type)
53. (b) P  F.V   ma   at   ma 2 t  
1.(b) w.D.  F.d
y = mx
i.e., straight line passing through origin If d = 0, w.D = 0

54.(a)   
F  3tiˆ  5ˆj ;s  2t2ˆi – 5ˆj 
 
dS  4tiˆ dt
 
w.D.  F.ds
2
2
  
  3tiˆ  5ˆj 4tiˆ dt   12t dt
0

2
 4 t3   32J
 0

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 Hints & Solutions
Also,
Section-C

w.D.  f.s (Takshila Challengers)
  mg sin  .  vt  sin  1 v2
1. (a) mv2  mgh h
2 2g
 mgvt sin2 
2. (a) Higher magnitude of force will be required  20 
2. (b) v  –  t  20
for the same momentum change when time  2 
of collision is smaller.
 v  20 – 10t
2
P
3.(a) K.E   dx   20 – 10t  dt .
2m
Also,
 K P 2
dv
a  –10
2 dt
k 2  P2 
   4  k 2  4k1
k1  P1   w.D.   F.dx
4. (a) String force is a conservative force, So, w.D
against conservation force will result in  –  2 10   20 – 10t  dt
change in potential energy of the system.
2
5. (d) Energy is not conserved in an inelastic  –20 20t – 5t 2 
collision,as , body gets deformed in inelas-  0
tic collision & has spent out some energy
 –20  40 – 20  –400J
in being deformed.
6. (a) For a perfectly elastic collision, e=1 for a 3. (b) a c  K2 rt2
perfectly inelastic collision, e=0. Therefore
e lies between 0 and 1 . Choice (a) is cor-
v2
rect.   K 2rt2
r
7. (b) conceptual
8. (c) Both K.E & P.E are relative quantities  v  Krt
9. (b) Body can have pot. energy when it is at rest dv
(a ball at a height h)   Kr  a t
dt
10. (c) K1  K2
P  F.V   ma t  .v
1 1
 MV12  mv 22  m  kr  krt   mk 2 r2 t.
2 2

1 1 1 1
 M  2a1s l   m  2a 2s2  4. (d) mu2  mv2  mgl
2 2 2 2

1  F   1   F    u2 – v 2  2gl
  2   S1   m  2   S2 
2 M  2  m 
 v 2  u2 – 2gl
 S1  S2  
Change in vel  v – u
Also, it is bot possible that the speed of a
body is zero but velocity is not zero.
 v2  u2

 u2 – 2gl  u2
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 Hints & Solutions
8. (a) w.D f  K.E

 2 u2 – gl 
1
1 1

2

m 162 – 82 
5. (b) K.x 2  K 2 x 2
2 2
1
1 x 1
2
x 1
2 1 2
 m 16   2
m 162 – 82
 mgh
 
 K1    K 2    mv2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
 162  82  4gh
1 1  x2  1  x2 
 mv2  k1  x 2 –   k2  x 2 – 
2 2  4  2 
 4  320
h  8m
40
1 3
 mv2 – x 2  K1  K 2  vdm
2 8 9. (c) F
dt
3 2  K1  K 2 
 v2  x
4 m

3  K1  K2  x 2
v
4m

1 m   Adx
6.(a) mg  4R   mg  2R   mv2
2
dx
 F  v A  v2  A
 v  2g  2R   2 gR dt

 P  F.V  v3  A
mv2
 mg  N 
R
 P v 3
mv2 m  4gR  Section-D
N – mg  – mg
R R (Previous Years Questions)
 3mg

l 1. (b) Fractional loss of KE of colliding body

7.(c) v i  mg
2
KE 4   m1m2 
 2
mg l mgl KE  m1  m2 
uf  
2 4 8
4   4m   2m 32m2 8
w.Dt  U = 2 = 
 4m  2m  36m 9
 Uf – U 2. (c) Theory based
3. (b) Work done by variable force is
mgl mgl  4 
 –   yt
8 2 4 W  Fdy
yi

3 Here, y i  0, y f  1m
 mgl
8

TAKSHILA INSTITUTE 37
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 Hints & Solutions

1  10y 2 
1 total distance covered , s  2  2r   4r
 w  0  20  10y  dy  20y  2   25J so, v2  2as
 0
4. (b) Let total energy is conserved. v 2  0.4 
2

Total mechanical energy at start = Total a 

2s 2  4 
mechanical energy at ‘B’
1 16  10 2
mgh = mv 2B  mgD ....(1) =  8  3.14  6.4  102 
2
Minimum speed required to complete roptation
= 0.0995m / s 2  0.1m / s 2
is vb  rg  Dg / 2
Hence eauation (1) becomes, 8. (d) Applying Newton’s second law of motion,

1 D  F
mgh  m g  mgD acceleration, a   2tiˆ  3t 2ˆj
2 2 m
5D Acceleration is defined as rate of change of
hence , h = velocity,
4

5. (b) Using law of law of conservation of linear  dv
a
momentum, we get dt
mv = 4mv\’ = v/4  t 
v  adt
1 0
6. (c) m = 1g = kg
1000  t
v  (2tiˆ  3t 2ˆj)dt
0
h = 1km = 1000 m

work done by gravitional force wg – mgh v  t2ˆi  t3ˆj

1 Power, P  F.v  (2tiˆ  3t1ˆj).(t2ˆi  t3ˆj)
wg   10  1000
1000  
change in kinetic energy P  F.v   2t 3  3t5  W

1 9. (b) Here, KP > KQ

K.E  mv 2  0 Case (a) : Elongation (r) in each spring is same.
2
1 1
1 1 WP  K p x 2 , WQ  K Q x 2
 50  50  0 2 2
2 1000
= 1.125J  WP  WQ
Case (b) : Force of elongation is same.
work energy theorem : w g  w air resis tance  K.E
10J + resistance = 1.25 – 10 F F
So, WP  WQ x1  K and x 2  K
where resistance = –8.75 J P Q

7. (a) Kinetic energy = 8 × 10–4 J

1 1 F2
1 WP  K P x12 
or , mv 2  8  10 4 2 2 KP
2
1 1 F2
1 3 2 4 WQ  K Q x 22 
or,  10  10 v  8  10 2 2 KQ
2
or, v 2  16  10 2  v  0.4m / s  Wp < WQ

initial velocity of particle , u = 0m/s 1

10. (d) Initial K.E., E1  mv 2
we have to find tangential acceleartion at the end 2
of 2nd revolution.

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 Hints & Solutions
   
1 Also, r1  r2  v2  v1 t
 10  (10)2  500J
2  
r1  r2
At x= 20m, retarding force, or t   
v 2  v1
F1  0.1  20  2N
At x = 30 m, retarding force, substituting this value of r in equation (i) we get
 
F2  0.1  30  3N     r r
r1  r2   v 2  v1  1 2
Average Retarding force, v 2  v1
F1  F2 2  3
F   2.5N
2 2 14. (d) Using energy conservation,
Work done by retarding force 1 1 1 1
m1v12  m2 v 22  m1v '12  m2 v 2'2
= loos in K.E. 2 2 2 2
= F × s = 2.5 (30 – 20) = 25 J
Final K.E. = E1 – loss in K.E. 1 1 1
here , Mv 2  0  M(v / 3)2  Mv '2
2
= 500 –25 = 475 J 2 2 2

dW '2 8 2
11. (d)  P  W  Pt or v 2  v
dt 9

1 2 2
 m(v 22  v12 )  Pt '
or v2  v
2 3
1 1
 mv 2  Pt 15. (a) Initial energy Ei = PE + KE = mgh + mv 2
2 2
Energy when it reaches the groudn : E =
2Pt
 v 1
m mv '2 since PE is zero.
2
1
dv 2P 1  2
 a  t 1
dt m 2 Given , E = Ei
2
1
2P 1  2 1 Since it reses to the same height Ef = mgh + 0 so
 F  ma  t = 
m 2 mkt 2
the final energy
12. (d) Given pressure = 150 1 1 2
Pumping rate of heart of a man  2  mgh  2 mv   E r  mgh  0
 
dv 5  103 3
=  m /s v 2  2gh  2  10  20  20 2
dt 60
 v = 20 m/s–1
dv dv 16. (b) Pi  Pf
Power of heart p  gh.
dt dt 
0 = mviˆ  mvjˆ  2mv
=
13.6  10 kg / m  10   0.15  5  10
3 3 3

 v v
60 v  ˆi  ˆj
2 2
= 1.70 N
13. (d) Let the particles A and B collide at time t. For their  v
v 
collision, the position vectors of both particles 2
should be same at time t, i.e., 2
        1 1 1  v 
r1  v1t  r2  v 2 t; r1  r2  v2 t  v1t KE = mv 2  mv 2  2m  
2 2 2  2
 
=  v2  v1  t ...(i)

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 Hints & Solutions
   
2 mv2 3 21. (a) P1  P2  P3  0
= mv   mv2 
2 2
 1  12iˆ  20  8ˆj  P3  0
y 

P3   12iˆ  16ˆj 

x P3  122  162  20kgms 1

P3
m3   5kg
v3
22. (b) Constant power of car, P0 = F × v
dv
 = ma × v = m v

17. (d) Here, F  3iˆ  ˆj N  dt

 or P0 dt  mvdv ltbr. integrationboth side, we gett

Initial position , r1   2iˆ  kˆ  m
t v  v2 mv 2 
  P0dt   mvdv   m , i.e.,P0  

Final positon, r2  4iˆ  3ˆj  kˆ m  0 0
 2 2 
  
Displacement , r  r2  r1 2P0 t
 v or v  t
  
r  4iˆ  3ˆj  kˆ m  2iˆ  kˆ m m

 3  R  4
2 2
= 2iˆ  3ˆj  2km
ˆ 1 2
 3 4  
1 2
23. (b)    Kx
Work done, 2 2 2 R 2
  x  0.6
 
W  F.r  3iˆ  ˆj . 2iˆ  3ˆj  2kˆ  24. (c) There is no external force acting on the spheres.
= 6 + 3 = 9J So linear momentum will be conserved
18. (c) P(initial) = P(final) Before the collision, In direction x, Linear
0 = n × m × u + (M – n × m) × v momentum = m2v ...(1)
where n = 10, m = 10g = 0.01kg, u = 800 m/s, M = In direction y, Linear momentum=0
100kg After the collision, spheres moves as shown in
0 = 10 × 0.01kg × 800 m/s + (100 kg –10 × 0.01 kg) × figure. Let velocity of sphere A is v1
v In direction x, Linear momentum
80kgm / s = m1v1 cos   ....(2)
v = 99.9kgm / s
In direction y, Linear momentum =
v = – 0.8 m/s m2 v
 m1v1 sin    ...(3)
P 10  0.01kg  80m / s 2
then : F    16N
t 5s Linear momentum will be conserved,
19. (d) Total energy = potential energy + kinetic energy From equation 1 and 2
E = U(X) + KE(X)
 m1v1 cos     m2 v ...(4)
or E – U(X) = KE(X)
If the particle is moving kinetic energy must be m2 v
From the eauation 2,   m1v1 sin     0
positive or KE (X) > 0 then E – V(X) = KE(X) > 0 2
E > U(X) or U(X) < E
m2 v
20. (a) Power , p = work done/time taken  m1v1 sin( )  ...(5)
2
here work done = (mgh) is same is both cases.
Divding equation 5 by 4,
P1 t2 30s 30s 1
   
P2 t1 1min 60s 2

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 Hints & Solutions
1 30. (a) If two bodies collide head on with coefficient of
1  1 
 tan     2    tan  2  restitution
 
B v 2  v2
e
u1  u2
B A From the law of conservation of linear
momentum

m1u1  m2u2  m1v1  m2 v2

 m1  em2   (1  e)m2 
After collision
Before collision  v1   m  m  u1   m  m  u2
 2 2   1 2 

25. (a) wd   F.dx Substituting

u12ms–1 , u2 = 0, m1 = m and m1 = m and m2 = 2r
which is area under F – d curve
mm
1 we get, v1  2
Area = wd = 2 × 6 + × 2 × 6 m  2m
2
 v1 = 0 similarly..
= 12 + 6 = 18J
26. (d) When the work is done by the system against any  (1  e)m2   m2  em1 
v2    u1    u2
conservative force the potential energy  m1  m2   m1  m2 
increases.
U  Wconservative force 1.5  m  1
=   2  1ms
  3m 
27. (b) We know P  F.v  Fv cos  31.(d) Rate at which mass of water is ejected = mv
so just before hitting is zero and both F and v are  Rate at which K.E. is imparted
maximum.
1 1
28. (a) From the law of conservation of linear =  mv   v2  mv 3
2 2
momentum
mviˆ   3m  2v  ˆj  4mv ' 1
32. (d) Loss of energy = mv 2  mgh  20J
2
vˆ 3 ˆ 33. (a) Mass of water falling /second = 15 kg/s h = 60 m,
v'  i  vj
4 2 g = 10 m/s2, loss = 10 % i.e., 90% is used.Power
29. (a) Amount of water flowing per second from the generated = 15 × 10 × 60 × 0.9 = 8100 W = 8.1 W
pipe. E m E
1 2 4 1
m m   m 34. (a) E  m  0.2  20  E2  40
=  .   2 1
time  t    E1 + E2 = 1050 Joule
Power = KE of water flowering per second. E1 = 1000 joule (energy of cell)
1 m 2 1m 3 1
=   v.v    v K.E. of shell =  m1v12
2   2   2
1 1
=  100  8  400W . 1000    0.2   v12
2 2
 V1  10000  100m / s

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 4 Hints & Solutions

EXEPLANATION
2  20  4  10 40  40
=  0
CHAPTER-1 24 6
2. (b) m1 = 10 kg, m2 = 2kg
SYSTEM OF PARTICLES OF ROTATIONAL 
MOTION  
V1  2iˆ  7ˆj  3kˆ m / s

-1 
V2  10iˆ  35ˆj  3kˆ m / s 
  
m v  m2v 2
Vcm  1 1
1. (c) m2  2m m1  m2
Using,
=
10(2iˆ  7ˆj  3k) 
ˆ  2 10iˆ  35ˆj  3kˆ 
m x  m2 x 2 10  2
X cm  1 1
m1  m2 24kˆ
= ˆ /s .
 2km
L 12
m  2m  0 
2 mL 1
  3. (a) m1kg  a1
2m  m 2  3m 6
Firciton force,
m y  m2 y 2 m  0  2mL 2L
Ycm  1 1  = f  µm1g  0.5  3  10  15N
m1  m2 3m 3  
2. (d) Now Since, a1  a 2  a
m x  m2 x 2  m3 x 3
x cm  1 1 m 2g  f 20  15 5
m1  m2  m3  a  m  m  3  2  5 = 1 m/s2
1 2
a a  
m0  m m
2 2  ma  a  a1  ˆim /s2,a 2  ˆjm /s2
=
3m 3m 3  
 m1a1  m2a 2 ˆ  2(–ˆj)
3(i)
m1y1  m2 y 2  m3 y 3 a  a cm  m  m = m /s2
y cm   . 1 2 32
m1  m2  m3 3
3. (d) Using ,For location of New CM. =  0.6iˆ  0.4ˆj m / s 2
.

A1x1  A 2x 2 4. (a) Let tghe position of m1 & m2 are:

x cm   
A1  A 2   
r1  2iˆ  4ˆj  6kˆ m and r2  6iˆ  2ˆj  8kˆ m 
 
R 2 v1   2iˆ  m /s , v   2ˆj m /s 1
where, A1  R 2 , A 2  2
4 initial postion of COM.
2  
R R R 2 R  m r  m2r2
 x cm    = R 2  =  rCM  1 1
4 2 4 6 m1  m2
ie. The centre of mass of remaining position
R =
m(2iˆ  4ˆj  6k) 
ˆ  m 6iˆ  2jˆ  8kˆ 
will lie at left side from the centre of mm
6
complete disc.

= 4iˆ  3ˆj  7kˆ m
-2
and velocity of COM.
   
m1v1  m2v 2  m v  m2v 2 v1  v 2
Vcm  v CM  1 
1. (c) m1  m2 m1  m2 2

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 4 Hints & Solutions

2iˆ  2ˆj ˆ ˆ -4
=  (i  j)m /s
2
New position vector of COM ˆi ˆj kˆ
     
rcm  tv CM  rCM 1. (b)   rF  1 2 1 = –8iˆ  5ˆj  2k
ˆ.
2 2 3
  
= ˆi  ˆj  4iˆ  3ˆj  7kˆ 
2. (d) To prdouce the some torque about hinge.

= 5iˆ  4ˆj  7kˆ m    fr1  f 'r2
Hence coordiantes are (5m, 4m, 7m)
1  1.6  f ' 0.4
y1 m2 f  4N .
5. (a) Using y  m
2 1 3. (a) Average torque

15 m  L  L f  L i 
 4 av  
y2 4  m t t

15 I  f  i  2(0  30)
y2   5cm    4N  m .
3 t 15

3m -5
i.e. lies below the origin
4
i.e. y 2  5cm .  
1. (a) 1g  mg = m = 1 kg
4 4
-3
2. (c) 50 × 30 = (mg) 60 = mg = 25 N
3. (c) Let x be the distance of centre O of equilateral
2
I1 M1 R12 1  2  2 triangle from each side.
1. (b)   2    
I2 M2 R 2 2  1  1 Total torque about 0 = 0
 F1x  F2 x  F3 x  0 or F3  F1  F2 .
2. (a) I2  ICOM  200cm2
By using perpendicular axis theorem -6
I2  I x  I y
1. (c) At equlibrium
Icom  Id  Id  200  2Id 20  2  m  10  1
Id  100g  cm2 m = 4kg.
2. (c) By rotional equilirbrium.
3. (c) By using perpendicular axis theorem.
Id  Id  ICOM   0
W  05  T  1  0
2Id  Icom .
Icom = 2I T  40  0.5  20N  m .
By using parallel axis theorem. 3. (a) 16cm
2
It  Icom  MR  ICOM  2ICOM
1.5g G 2.5g
= 3 Icom = 3 × 2I = 6I x
16 – x cm
4. (a) MOI = mk2 = 10(0.40)2 Taking the moment of forces about centre of
= 10 × 0.16 kg m2
gravity G is (1.5)gx  2.5g(16  x)
= 1.6 kg m2.
 3x  80  5x or 8x  80
or x=10cm.

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 4 Hints & Solutions
4. (c) Taking torque about end A 1 2
B  0 I  mgL
2
W d  x 
 N1d  W  d  x   N1  . 
6g
 v    6g
d 
5.(b) As, force x distance   I 3.(c) Power  
1   1 2  746  200  60
 F sin 30º   4 2        237.5
2   4   26000
-9
or 24  1  1      12rads 2 .
2 2 2 1. (c) velocity at lowest point
6.(a) Total angular momentum about O is given
as, L  L1  L 2  m1v1r1  m2 v2 r2 2gh
Vring  ,k ring  R
k2
 6.5  2.2  1.5  3.1  3.6  2.8 1 2
R
 21.45  31.248  9.8kgm 2s 1.
2gh
-7  gh
2

1.(d)   I  FR 2gh
vequliuder 
MR2  FR k2 R
1  2 , k eq  
F 20  100 R 2
   25rad /s .
MR 4  20
2. (b) 2gh 4gh
  I  FR 
= 1 3
FR 10  0.2 1
   5rad /s 2
I 0.4
  t  5  4  20rad /s . 2gh
 2 
Vsoild sphere = k2
1 2  k sphere  R
2  5 
mr 2 R
 cyl Isphere 5 2
3. (a)   2
= . 10gh
 sphere Icyl mr 5 vsphere  .
7
4. (c) M = 50 kg, R = 0.5 m
Using   TR  I  1 
10   
g sin   10   2 m /s 2
1 2. (d) a 2

MR 2   k 1 3
I 2 1 1  
T  R 2
R R
1 1 Using equalion of motion.
MR   50  0.5  2N  25N
2 2 2 10
v  u  at  0   5m /s = m /s
-8 3 3
Total energy
1. (a) Power  
k  k rot  k lin
2400  2
2000  746   
60 1 1 1 11 
= mv2  I2  mv2   mv2 
2000  746 2 2 2 22 
 N  M = 5939 Nm
40  2 2
2. (b) Potential energy loss = mgL = work done. 3 2 3 3  10 
= mv   250  10    J = 2.0J.
4 4  3 

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 4 Hints & Solutions
momentum of the body remains constant.
g sin  2
a
3.(d) k 2 where k  5 R dJ
 0  J  I  constant
1 2 That is, If  
R dt
where I is moment of inertia and  is angular
g sin  5 velocity.
 g sin  .
2 7 -11
1
4. (d) 5
Since linear acceleration is same for all
a  Mg sin θ  μmg cos θ  as they have same 1. (b) According to law of conservation of angular
mass M and same µ. momentum, I = constant
Hence all will reach the bottom R2  1 1
simultaneously. or  constant  asI  R2 and  and I  
T  T 
5. (b) In pure rolling mechanical energy remains
conserved. Therefore, at bottom most point  T  R12
total kinetic energy will be mgh. Ratio of 1
rotational to translational kinetic energy will As R   R
n
be 2/3. 2 2
T R T Rn
3 1     
KT   mgh   mv 2 T  R   T  R 
5 2
T 24
6gh  T   2  2 h.
 v . n n
5
1 2
2gh 2gh 4gh 4  10  3 2. (a) E I
6. (d) v    2
1  k 2 R2 1  1 2 3 3
1 2 1 I2
E I = 
 2 10 2 2 I1 = 1 : 2 : 3 :1

v v 2 10 3. (d) Angular momentum L  I...(1)

 R   5m.
R  2 2 kinetic energy
-10 1 2 1
K I  L (from equation (i)]
2 2
1. (b) For a body of mass m rotating with velocity v
in a ci rcle of radi us r, th en angul ar 2K
L 
momentum is given by 
L  m(r  v) K
2  L
2
For unit mass, m=1 L     L  .
4
2
    
 L   8iˆ  4ˆj  8iˆ  4ˆj 

4. (b) Rotational kinetic energy
ˆi ˆj kˆ 1 2 1
 I  8J  mr 22  8
2 2
 L  8 4 0
1 2 2 2
8 4 0 or  2  1   8 or   16
4
 L  ˆi(0  0)  ˆj(0  0)  k
ˆ (32  32) or   4 rad s Angular momentum,

 L  64kˆ units. 1 1 2
L  I  mr 2    2  1  4  4J  s.
2. (a) Angular momentum remain conserve 2 2
3. (a) From l aw o f co nservation of angul ar
momentum, when no external torque acts on
a rotating body, then the total angular

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 4 Hints & Solutions
8. (c) x1 = 0, y1 = 0
LEVEL - I
x2 = 0, y2 = 0
Topic : 1 Centre of Mass x3 = 0, y3 = 0
1. (b) Conceptual m1 = m2 = m3 = M
   
m.v1  m2 v 2  m3 v 3 m1 x1  m2 x 2  m3 x 3 ma a
2. (a) Vcm   x cm   
m1  m2  m3 m1  m2  m3 3M 3


20(10i)  
ˆ  30 10jˆ  50 10k
ˆ   y cm 
m1 y1  m2 y 2  m3 y 3 ma a
  .
20  30  50 m1  m2  m3 3m 3
9. (b) By using conservation of liner mometum
100 2iˆ  3ˆj  5ik 
  2iˆ  3ˆj  5k
ˆ mv = (m + M)v0
100
mv
3. (c) Taking moment about O. v0 
M m
x 10. (b) By using conservation of linear momenutm
M  m x  m
2 ab   a  c  v
  3 r3  4 r3 r ab .
  r   x    . a
3  8 3 8 2 a c
11. (b) Conceptual
7x r
  x  r /14 . 12. (d) Conceptual
8 82
13. (d) Conceptual
(3m  m) 2mg g 14. (d) Conceptual
4. (a) a1  a 2  g 
3m  m 4m2 2
15. (b)   dm
 8  g ˆ dx
 a1  ˆjm /s 2 a 2  jm /s 2
2 2 dm   dx  Axdx

  m ˆ 3m ˆ L
gj  gj L L
 x3 
 m1a1  m2a 2 2
A  x dx
Now a cm   2 2  xdm  
 3 0 2
m1  m2 4m   cm  0
 0
  L
L L L
2
x  3
 dm A  xdx 2
g
  ˆjm / s 2 . 0 0  0
4
5. (b) Coneptual 16. (a) Every physical system has associated with it
a certain point whose motion characterises
[By conservation of linear momentum]
the motion of the whole system. When the
2  3  3  2 6  6 12 system moves under an external force then
6. (d) v cm    m /s this point moves in the same way as a single
23 5 5
particle would move under the same external
7. (a) According of COM
force. this point is called centre of mass. In
  
 m a  m2a 2  m3a 3 the given case the acceleration acts in the
a cm  1 1
m1  m2  m3 downward direction, in the centre.
   a 2
F1  F2  F3 3iˆ  ˆj  2k
ˆ 17. (b) m1   figure
 m /s2 a2
m1  m2  m3 6
m2a
 x cm 
 1 14 m1  m2
Magnitude, a cm  9 1 4  m /s 2 .
6 6

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 4 Hints & Solutions
(L-x) = L/4
a 2 .a 4a a
  . 22. (b) Let the distance moved by the plank be x.
2   4 2
a   1
4  So the distance that the man will move is l-
Hence COM lies inside square plate. x.
Applying Conservation of Linear Momentum,
m1r1  m2r2 Mx=m(l-x)
18. (d) rcm  m1  m2 Mx=ml-mx
10  7  30r2 Mx+mx=ml
1 x(M+m)=ml
30  10
40  70 x=ml/(M+m)
r2   1cm
30 Distance moved by the plank in t seconds is
+ve sign indicates that the second block ml/(M+m).
moves downward by 1cm.
Distance ml
19. (d) centre of mass is located at distance r2 from Speed  
block
Time   m t
M

Bullet Block 1 m 
r1 r2  
M t m  M
(D -d)
23. (d) 2R  2  R  1
Mr2=mr1,Mr2=m(D-d-r2)
m(D  d) m  0  m 1  m 1 2
r2  yCM  
m m m 3
Mm
also M(D-d-r1)=mr1 m()  m(0)  m(2)
x 9CM  
M (D  d ) mmm
so r1  distance of COM from bullet 24. (d) Since the chord is a uniform chord and the
M m
center of mass coordinate of system will be
20. (a) Since cracker explodes in mid air it does not
displaced in x and y coordinate by same value.
encounter any external force so velocity of
Hence X and Y coordinate will be same . So
COM will remain unchanged due to explosion.
the wrong aption is
Horizontal component
R R
10  , 
=10sin45° =  5 2 m /s 3 2
2
Topic : 2 Moment of Inertia
From third equation of motion, at a height of
1 m, vertical component of velocity of center
of mass = 1 3 
2

25. (c) IAB  0  0  m   where I AB i s the MI

 2 
2
5 2   2  10  1  50  20  30m / s

Hence, net velocity 3

about the side AB = ml2
4
2 2
= 5 2    30   80  4 5m /s 5
MR 2  MK disk
2
26. (b) Idisk 
21. (b) Let distance moved by the planck be x, then 4
wrt ground the man will move by a distance 3
L-x Iring  MR 2  MK 2ring
2
Now the net displacement of the centre of
K disk 5
mass will be zero in ground frame 
M(L–x)=M × x/3 K ring 6
x=3 ×L/4

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 4 Hints & Solutions

1 2 1 L2 I y  Ix  Iz
27. (c) KE  I 
2 2 I 40 = 30 + Iz
Iz = 10 kg – m2
KE1  KE2
34. (c) I  Id  2l t
1 L21 1 L22
 2 7 16
2 I1 2 I2  MR 2  2  MR 2  MR 2 .
5 5 5
L21 L22 I1 m B 2
 35. (d) I 
I 2 2 2 2
mA  mB
4 4
1: 2
I1 5(1)2 52
1    2 :1
28. (b) I  mL2 I2 5(1)2
5(1)2 5
12 
4 4
M L 4
Now M'  ,L ' 
36. (d) MI of same = m 2
2 2 3
 1 M L2  1 37. (a) m = 10kg,d = 0.4 m r = 0.2 m
I'  2      ML2
 3 2 4  12 1200
n  1200rpm  rps  20rps.
29. (a) I  I1  I2  I3  I4 60
  3n  40rad /s
I  m1r12  m2r22  m3r32  m4r42
= 1 × 0 + 2 × 0 + 3 × 32 + 4 × 22   2n  40rad /s
= 27 + 16 = 43 kg –m2 I  mr 2  10(0.2)2  10  0.04  0.4kgm2
1 1 2
22
L  I  0.4  40   50.28J  s
30. (b) I  2  m  m 
2

12 6  7
31. (c) The moment of inertia of circular ring whose 38. (d) I  I1  I2  I2  I3  I4
axis of rotation is passing through its centre = m(0) + ma2 + m(2a)2 + ma2
is I  mR 2 = 2ma2 + 4ma2 = 6ma2

I 2  m 2 (nR )2 and I 2  m 2 (nR )2 1

M R2
Since, both have same density I1 2 1 1
39. (d) 
I2 1 2
R2
m2 m1 2
 
2  nR   A 2R  A s but M1 = M2
where A is cross-section area of ring. 1A1t  2A 2t
 m2  nm1 A1 2 R12 2
  
I1 m1R 2 m1R 2 1 A 2 1 R 22 1
    3
I2 m2  nR  2
m1n  nR 
2
n R12 2
 .
R 22 1
I1 1 1 1
  (Given)   3 or n  2. I2 m 2r22
I2 8 8 n 40. (b) I  4  m r 2
1 1 1
2 2
 30   80  2 3
32. (a) I  4    1   1kg m 2r3  r22   r2  r2
 100   100  4     41/3 .
2r1  r12   r1  r1
33. (c) By using perpendicular theorem

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 4 Hints & Solutions
Topic : 3 Moment of Force l& Equilibrium    
52. (d) L  r  p  L  rp sin 
41. (b) Torque of 6N force will be zero. Net toque is So L max  r when sin   1;   90 .
20 20 20 53. (b) We know that angular momentum of the body
net  4  9  8 sin 30º 
100 100 100 is given by
 1.80Nm L  I
Negative sign shows that this torque will be 2
clockwise. or L  I 

L 4A 0  A 0 3
42. (a)     A0 1
t 4 4 or L 
T
I2
43. (b) KE  L1 T2
2  
L 2 T1
1.2  2
1500     50 L 2T
2   As, T2  2T 
L2 T
0  0
  0  t  25t  50 L
so, L 2  Thus, on doubling the time period,
t = 2sec 2
44. (b) Torqueabouttheaxisist= × F angular momentum of body becomes half.
in this caser = 0.5 and F =10N
1 2 1 2 
Therefore Torque = 0.5×10 = 5N-m 54. (a) KE  I    mR 2  2
2 2 5 
45. (a) Here ˆi  ˆj  k
ˆ
1 2 2
and 7iˆ  3ˆj  5k
ˆ   1   3  10 2    50  J
5
We shall use the determinant rule to find the
= 9/20 J.
torque   r  F
55. (b) By using energy conservation
ˆi ˆj kˆ 1 20
mgh  I
  1 1 1 2
7 3 5
1 1 2 2 1 2
Mgh   mL    10  0.5  v
=  5  3  ˆi   5  7  ˆj   3   7   kˆ 23  6

or   2iˆ  12ˆj  10k

ˆ
v  30m /s  5.4m/s .
46. (d) conceptual
47. (d) τ  1.6  1  1.6Nm 3000 3000 50
56. (a) n rpm  rps  rps
τ 1.6    60 
F    4N
d 0.4 50
      2n  2   100rad /s
48. (a)   .  r  F .   
1 2 1
P   = P   r  F  . KE 
2
I   400  100  J
49. (a) angular momentum is conserved 2 2
50. (c) First increases, then decrease = 2 × 106J.
Topic : 4 Angular Momentum 57. (b) conceptual
  58. (b) Law of conservation of angular momentum
51. (c) L 0  mr Along = L p goes on change as its
gives I  constant.....(i)
direction change with time.

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 4 Hints & Solutions
When viscous liquid dropped at the center of Topic : 5 Rolling Motion
horizontal table is made to spread out, then
g sin  g sin 30 g
its moment of inertia increases and so, from 67. (c) a   
Eq. (i) its angular velocity decreases. But when K2 11 4
1 2
it starts falling then its moment of inertia R
starts decreasing and so, its angular velocity 68. (b) r  0.25m
increases.
m  2kg (Given)
59. (b) L A  mvd & L B  mvd
Rotational Kinetic energy, K.E  4
 LA = LB
1 2
T'  I  4
60.(c)  but by co nservati on angualr 2
T '
2
moemtum. L  I  I '  1 1 v
implies  mr2     4
 I' 2 2 r

' I
1 1 v2
  2  0.252  4
2 2 2 0.252
MR '2
T ' R '2 1 5
  2  2  implies v 2  8
T R n 2
MR 2
5 v  2 2 m s.
Direction of day
1 2 12  1
T 24 69. (a) KE Rot = I   MR 2  2 = mv2cm .
T '  2  2 hrs. 2 25  5
n n
61. (d) By conservation of Angular momentum 70. (b) The rotational kinetic energy is given by
I  I'  1
K mr 22  2.5J ...(1)
' I 2
 1
 I' If frequency of rotation mode 10 times, then
Hence  '   . the new rotational kinetic energy is
62. (d) L  I  mr 2  6  10 24  (1.5  1011 )2 1
K  mr 2  10 2 2
2
2
  2.7  10 40 kgms 1 . K   100K
3.14  107
K   2.5  102 J.
1 2 11 2 2
63. (c) KE  I   mL   2b  71. (c) r11  r22
2 23 
1 2 r1n1  r2n2
 mL2  42n2   mL2 2n2 .
6 3 2  20  5  n
64. (a) By using conservation of angular momentum n=8
I  I '  ' g sin 
2 72. (b) a   n  1
100 
I 10
'  
I' 100  50  22 1 2
where n  for disc and for sphere
20 2 2 5
 rad /s
300 30
then g  a s  a d
L 5
65. (c)     5N 1
t 1 73. (b) kintic 1st half = mv 2
66. (c) increase 2
and during

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 4 Hints & Solutions
1
k e  k tran  k rot   n  1 mv 2  mv 2
2
 n  1for ring / celender  =1:2
C2 C C1
1 2h  K2 
74. (d) t  1  
sin  g  R2 

 K2 
1  2  2
1
tS  R S 5 14
    . 2. (a)    –  t Comparing with   0 –  t
tD  K2  1 15
1  2  1  Initial angular velocity  
 R D 2
Angular retardation  
1  k2   Angular rotated before it stops  2
75. (c) mgh  mv 2 1  2 
2  R  0   2 – 2
2
  .
10gh 2
v
7 3. (c) For first 2 seconds
For vertical projection, 1 2
θ1  ω 0  α  t  , asω0  0
v 2  u2  2gh 2

10 5h 1 2
So, gh  2gh  h  . θ1  ω 0  α  t  , asω0  0
7 7 2
76. (a) Since, in this case, instantaneous axis of for next two second
rotation is always below the center of mass.
This is possible only when point of contact 1 2
θ1  θ2   ω0t  αt
moves with a velocity equal to center of mass. 2
77. (d) Accleration of body rolling down the inclinued 2
2α  θ2α  4   8α
plane.

g sin  g sin 30 5 1 5 2 6

a   g  g 2  6 or   3.
K 2
2 7 2 14 . 1 2
1 2 1
R 5
4. (b) From the figure, r  4sin 45º  2 2 unit
g sin  g sin 30 g Y
78. (d) a    .
K2 11 4
1 2 v =32 unit
R
45º
LEVEL - II
1. (a) A1(C1)=A2(C2) r
4 sin 45º
45º
R X
side of square will be O
2
2
 R 
   The magnitude of the angular momentum,
A1   2 R
 C2 C1  
A2  R 2 
 R 2
2
  R 2 4  2 .  
L  mvr  5 3 2 2 2  60 unit 

 5. (b) mv cos 45° H
   
6. (b) Since L p  L cm  r  pcm

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 4 Hints & Solutions

 
 Icm 0 kˆ  Mv 0R kˆ   MOI   miri2
2 2
Since sphere is in pure rolling motion hence  1  2   
v
m
 2
 m  2  m
 2
  3ml 2
 0
R
7 10
 13. (d) mgh  mv 2  v  gh.
2 v  ˆ   7 Mv R . 10 7
 L P   MR 2  0   Mv  0R k
 5  R 

 5
0  
 M   2  2  M 2
1 14. (b) Moment of inertia, I  4   .
7. (b) W  K 2  K1  I  22  12  
2 3 

6
2
15. (a) Li  L f (about centre of mass of the rod)
11 2
  2  1  10  5  4 
2 2 2

22  ML2 12mvr
mvr   
 1502  1.5  102 J . 12 ML2

I1 121 21 4 
8. (c) We have, I11  I2 2 or 2  1  2
 3rads 1 .
I2  21
 Ml2 

1 2 MR  2
4
  .
16. (b) Moment of inertia, I  3 
3
2
  Ml .
 
1 2 MR   1 2 1 4 MR  5
2 2

17. (b) By theorem of parallel axis,

9. (b) Friction in this case is backward. If it is
I1  I 2   4M  r 2
insufficient, it is a case of forward slipping or
KT > KR. 1 2
A
10. (c) vB  vCM  wR s
 wR  wR  0 w r
v A  vCM  wR vCM
 wR  wR
 vCM  vCM  2vcm . B
2
11. (a) density is given as ( x )  a(1  bx )  ML2   2L  8
 4 sin2 45º   4M    ML
2

 3   2  3
where a and b are constants and 0  x  1.
18. (c) When upper end of the rod hits the gound,
Let b  0, in this case the distance through w hich centre of
gravitym of the rod fall = L/2.
  (x)  a  constant
 Loss of potantial enrgy = Mg(L/2) , where
Hence ,centre of mass will be at x=0.5m M is mass of the rod.
(middle of the rod) 1 2
Putting , b=0 in the options, only (A) given 0.5 Gain in rotational K.E. = I
2
Note :- We should not check options by puting 2
where I = ML /3 and   v / L
a = 0, because   0 for a  0.  Gain n rotational K.E.
12. (b) by symmetry 1  ML2   v 
2
Mv 2
    
r1  r2 2 3  L  6
Accordng to the law of conservation of energy

r1   2r Mv2 g(L)
2 M
6 2
r3  2 v  3gL
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 4 Hints & Solutions
19. (a) According to the question, h
I  2 y 2dm
 K T sphere   K T Cylinder (m and v are same) o

5 2 h 14 h
2M b
 mgh1   mgh 2   h1  15 . I  2 y 2dm h  y 
7 3 2 o
bh 2h
1 1 2M
h
20. (b) mgh  mv 2  I  2 ,v  r
2 2 
h2 o
 hy 2  y 3  dy
2mgh h
 2M  hy 3 y 4  2M  h4 h4  1
I  mr 2 2
 2     2     Mh .
h  3 4 o h 3 4 6

l  1 M  1 2 
25. (a) I  2       8m2 45
r   3 2 2 
 

1  1
 2 ML2  
 24  2
h
1 1 2 1
  ML   I .
21. (d) In case of pure rolling, ratio of rotational to 2  12  2
transl atio nal kine tic energy i s 2/5. 10
Therefore, total kinetic energy is 7/5 times 26. (a) d1  10 sin 45  cm
2
th e transl atio nal kine tic energy. At
maximum compression, whole of energy is 10
elastic potential. Hence, d1  10 sin 45  cm
2
71 2 1 2 Now torque
 mv   kx max
52  2
The compression of the spring,  200 75 3 
     Nm
7M  2  100 100 
x max  v .
5k  141.44  129.90 
22. (c) If we complete the ring, its mass become 2m   NmCw
 100 
1
 I whole ring   2M   R 2   MR 2 271
2  NmC  2.71NmC
100
I whole ring  MI about any diameter  [–ve sign is used for c & + ve sing for AC ]
1  3
3
4a 2 I1   / 2
2
 I Half ring 
2
 MR 2 
27. (a) I1  = I2  3 2
22 3 I2 5a / 
This value is independent of angle  .
23. (a) Same as Q.12. I1 3 3
    2r 
24. (b) Using I2 10 2a 3

b x

I1 3(2 )2 242r 3 12r 3
tan    dy
 2 3 =  .
2n n  y
x I2 10 a 102a 3 5a 3
y h

b  2
x  n  y  ....(1) b
M
2
 L  1  M
  3 L   
2n Axis of
Rotation 28. (c) I     .     .     6

 6  6  12   6
   2 6   
MOI about base.

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 4 Hints & Solutions
 ML2 3ML2  11  2
  6 36. (b) mg  R  r  1  cos      1 mv
 6  36  12 6  4  36  22 

ML2  1 1  ML2 10 5ML2 13 2

 
12  4 36 
   . =   mv
12 36 216 22
Hence, option (C) is correct answer.
29. (d) y  x  2 3 mv2
mg 1  cos    ...(1)
tan   1
4 R  r
  45
  mv2
L  r    sin 45 mg cos   N ....(2)
Rr
1 N = 0 where is loss contact
 2  .5  6   3 2kgm / s . from equation (1) and (2)
2
4
3 mg cos   mg(1  cos )
30. (b) r2L sin 60  L 3
2
4
cos  
7
1   1 
I  2  mL2    mL2  mr 2  4 3
3   12  v2  g R  r  
3 7
2 1 3
 ML2  ML2  ML2 4 R  r  g
3 12 4  .
7r 2
8 1  9 18 3 37. (b) Given A metal wire, with
  ML2  ML2  ML2 .
 12  12 2 Mass = M
Length = l
2 It is rotated is a circle by holding at one end.
 a  2
Also Breaking stress = F
31. (a) I  2m    ma .
 2 Area of cross section = a
We need to find the anglar frequency of
2 2 rotation at when it breaks.
32. (d) I  m  0 2  m  a   ma  ma 2  5 ma 2 . Let us take a small part dx of mass dm
2 4 4 Now
  m
 m2 3g
33. (a) mg cos    cos  . dx  dm
2 3 2
mdx
34. (b) IRing,P  IP  IP dm 

I0  2mR 2 Force fcpt
stress (f) = 
2
Area a
IP, ring  I0   2m  R 
m x2 2
fcpt  dmx.2  
IP, ring  2mR 2  2mR 2 L 2
m2L
IP,ring  amR 2  2IP fcpt 
2
IP  2mR 2 . m2L 2fa
F 
2a mL
1 3
35. (d) IXX '  I0  Mh2  MR 2  MR 2  MR 2 2fa
2 2 is the correct option.

mL
2
3  L  3L3
 (L)    .
2  2  8 2
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 4 Hints & Solutions

4 2 2
r R  R.
38. (d) V0 V0 15 15
= R
2R 1 2 1 2
41. (b) K R  K T  40%  Iw  MV 2 
2 2 5
Li = mv0R + Ic 
W 2R 2 2
V 1 I  MV 2
2  R 2
5
= mv 0 r  mR 2 0 = mv0 R 1  
5 2R  5
v2 2 2
6 I  MV 2  I  MR 2 solid sphere.
= mv 0R R2 5 5
5
42. (b) Accleration of a body rolling down on an
inclined plane is given by
V g sin 
a
I [Refer Module theory).
1
MR 2
2 V 43. (d) IAC  IEF [since the mass distribution is same
L f  mvR  mR 2
5 R
about AC & EF]
 2
= MvR 1   44. (c) MOI about 0
 5
2
7 2  3  1
L F  mvR   I  Mx 2  M  x   Mx 2
5 3  2  12
by conservation of equation
6 7 2 3 1 3
mV0R  mVR = Mx 2  Mx 2  Mx 2  Mx 2
5 5 3 4 12 2
6 but I  MK 2
v  V0 .
7 [where k  radisu of c14 ration]
39. (a) M  L  L  2R & L  2R
3
L MK 2  Mx 2
R 2
2
3
2 k x.
3  1  3 L3 3L3 2
 Ixx '  mR 2  2L   =  
2  2  8 2  8 2
45. (d) r  0.2m,M  10kgv  1200rpm  20rps
1
I MR 2 L  I  (Mr 2 )(2v )
2
Expression of MOI remains same. 2 22
 10   0.2   2   20  50.28kg–m2s 2 .
as that of complete disce. 7
40. (a) By parallel axis therem 46. (b) In the given diagram, when the small piece
Q removed and glued to the centre of the plate,
the mass comes closer to the z-axis, hence
I 1 3
MOI,  Mr 2  Mr 2 = MR 2 moment of interia decreases.
disc 2 2
47. (d) In fact, v  r and  is the constant of
2 proportionality. Thus v   . r and since  is
But I spher = MR 2 a constant, so it is independent of r.
5
2 3 1 2 2E
 MR 2  Mr2 48. (c) We know, E  Iω  ω 
5 2 2 I

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 4 Hints & Solutions
Now, angular momentum L  Iω  2EI .  100  2 
2

 
1 2 2K or    60   78.25rad
49. (d) K  I  I  2
2  0.7
2 
Number of rotations
2k 2k k
L  I   L 
2 2 f f 
n  12.5 .
2
k 
L  2  1 k  L  L . 55. (a) Torque is always perpendicular to F as well
  2f  4 f 4 
as r
   
I ML2 /12 L  r    0 and F    0 .
50. (d) K    .
M M 12 56. (d) The angular momentum,
51. (b) The moment of inertia of the given system
that contains 5 particles each of mass = 2 kg

L  mr1   5  3 2 2 5  
on the rim of circular disc of radius Q.I m and  30 10g-cm2s 1 .
of negligible mass is given by
= M.I of disc + M.I of particle
Since the mass of the disc is negligible
m v
therefore, M.I of the system = M.I of particle
 5  2  (0.1)2  0.1kgm2 .
r2 = y = 2 5cm
52. (c) θ  2t 3  0.5
X
dθ
ω  6t 2
dt
At t  2s,   6(2)2  24rad / s . 57. (b) the intial velocity is v1  Veˆ y and after
53. (a) Use   0  t refectio from the wall the final velocity is
V1   veˆ y . The trajectory is described as
(2  900)
Here, 0  900 rpm  rad s position vector
60
r  yeˆ y  aeˆ z
  0 and t  60
Hence, the change in angular momentum is
2  900
0    60 r  m v f  v j   2mvaeˆx .
60
58. (a) When the person jumps off the round, radially
2  900  away from the centre, no torque is exerted
  .
60  60 2 i.e.   0 .
54. (a) From equation of motion According to the principle of conservation of
0  0  t angular momentum, I    constant. As
mass reduces to half (from 2M to M), moment
0 (100  2) / 60 of inertia I becomes half. Therefore,  must
   0.6 rad s 2
t 15 become twice ( 2).
Now, angle rotated before coming to rest 2
59. (a) I  mK 2  10  2   40kg-m2
2
 0

2 1 2 1
KR  I  (40 )(5 )2  500J .
2 2
60. (c) Moment of inertia depends on the distribution

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 4 Hints & Solutions
of mass about the Z-axis.
1  k2 
61. (c) For square lamina, I2  I3 . This value will be 66.(c,d) mgh  mv 2 1   , k  radius of gyration.
2  R2 
less than I1 because mass is nearer to axis
in this case. k
For all solid spheres,  2v 2 5  independent
62. (a) In case of pure rolling bottom most point is R
the instantaneous centre of zero velocity. of m and R.
Velocity of any point on the disc, v  r , where
r is the distance of point from O. Mh 2
67. (b) moment of inertia about a side is
rQ  rC  rp 6
(h is altitude correspo ndin g to side)
 vQ  vC  v P . comparisionon 3 altitudes: AB>BC>BD so or-
63. (c) Taking torque about O, net torque should be der of moment of inertia about axes is
zero. BC>AB>AC
F2  x  F3  x  F1  x  0 A
F3  F1  F2 .
D
A I1 I3
F3
B C
x I2
x
Section-B
x
(Assertion and Reaction Type)
B
C F2
F1 1. (d) (A)  false
As I decreases, w increases hence time of
64. (c) Angular rotated,   area under   t graph day decrease
area under   t graph = area of trapezium (R)  false
OABCO. 2. (d) (A) and (R) are false
1 3. (a) (A) In couple forces are equal and opposite so
 of (OABCO)  (Sum of parallel sides) × net force is zero but torque is net. (R) is also
2
true.
distance between them. 4. (a) Conceptual, Refer Module Theory.
5. (a) rcm  m1  m2   m1r1  m2 r2
A B ml cm m2
30 When m1  m2 rl r2
r
6. (a) Conceptual.
(rads–1) 7. (a) Mutual Interaction between particle does not
5 20 25 affect she possion of COM.
O D E C
Time (s) 8. (b) Conceptual (Refer Module Theory)
9. (b) Refer Module Theory.
10. (a) Refer Module Theory.
1 11. (a) Conceptual.
  AB  OC   AD
2 12. (a) (A) If angular velocity is constant then fric-
tional force acting on sphere is zero.
1
 15  25   30  600. (R) In case of pure rolling velocity of contact
2 point is zero.
1 3
65. (a) L  mvR  IC   mvR  mvR  mvR .
2 2
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 4 Hints & Solutions
Section-C and I3  I15  I19  I22  I26  I27  I31  m2
(Takshila Challengers)
III  7m2
Mg
1. (b) F I5  I8  I12  I17  I24  I29  0
2
 Total MOI
5L I  II  III   6  7  m2  13m2  133
x
6
5. (a) Using
By using   I  Fx   I  F(2R)
1 Mg 5L 2 2
ML2    2
 MR  MR    2FR
3 2 6  3 
5g F
 . 5
4L MR  2F O R
8 2R
 6F
2. (b)   net a .
I 5M P
 a  10   30  102  12  5  102 6. (d) by using || axis thorem.

5100 7. (d) Using the relation a = r we have
2
19  30  60   10 a  2  5m / s 2
 rad s 2
5100 5
Thus   m / s2
 1.1  10 3 rad s 2 2
Thus acceleration of block B will be
2 3 5
10 rad s 2 .   1  m / s 2
2 2
3. (b) IAB & ICD about O. 8. (b) It is given that all the surfaces are smooth
and there is no external force acting on the
M 2
4
IAB   M 2  M2 system. Hence, momentum is conserved. So,
3 3 Initial momentum = final momentum
M 2 mv   m  m  v '
 ICD and IBO  ICO  v
3 v' 
Now total MOI 2
At highest point, horizontal velocity of ring
I  IAB  IBO  ICO  ICD relative to wedge = 0
Applying conservation of energy equation,
2m 2 5M2 10
   M2 . 2
3 3 3 1 1 v
mv 2  mgh   m  m   
3 15 22 27
2 2 2
2
1 v
2 4 6 9 11 13 16 20 23 28 mv 2  mgh  m  
12 29 2 2
A 5 8 17 24
B
4. (a) 7 14 21 30 v2 v2
1 10 18 25 h maximum height reached is .
19 26 31
4g 4g
9. (d) As    0 angular momentum and linear
I1  I2  I4  I6  I7  I9  I10  I11  I13
moimentum remain conserved. As the two
 I14  I16  I18  I20  I21  I23  I25 balls will move radially out I changes. In order
to keep the agu lar mome ntum L  I
1 conserved, angular speed  should change.
 I28  I30  m 2
3
2gh
18 10. (d) v 
k2
 II  3 m  6m
2 2
1 2
r

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 4 Hints & Solutions
2g3v 2
v2 
 k2  k2 3
4g 1  2   1  r 2  2
 r 
1 2
k2  r  disc .
2 5. (a) Work done is change in kinetic energy.
hence more the kinetic energy, more will be
Section-D
the work done.
(Previous Years Questions)
1. (a) Work energy theorem. Iw 2
K.E. 
2
1
W  I  2f  i2  They all have same angular velocity.
2 Hence more the moment of inertia, more the
Here,   2  revolution kinetic energy and hence more will be the
 2  2  42 rad work done.
Hence WC  WB  WA .
2
Wi  3  rad / s 6. (d) Centre of mass:
60
It is the point where whole mass of the body
1 1 is concentrated. If an external force is applied
    mr 2 (02  2i ) on COM , it torque will be zero.
2 2
Centre of gravity:
2
1 1  2  It is the poin t wh ere the torque of
  2  (4  102 )  3   gravitational force is zero.
2 2  60 
   2 COM and CAG mag or mag not coincides
4
couple only produces rotation, no translation
   2  106 Nm . outpur force
2. (a) We know, Mechanical advantage 
Work required = change in kinetic energy Input force
Here, Final. KE=0 So Initial If it is grater than 1
1 1 3 Output > 1 input
KE  mv2  I2  mv 2 So, less effort is required to lift large low
2 2 4
3
  100  (20  102 ) 2  3J  KE  3J .
4
3. (c) In free space no external torque is acting on
it. If mass is constant and radius in increased
then moment of inactive rotational kinetic
energy, angular velocity will change but 7.(b)   l
according to l aw o f conse rvation of
momentu m, angul ar momen t wi ll n ot F  R  MR 2 
change.
30  0.4  3  (0.4) 2 
1
4. (b) K t  mv 2 12  3  0.16
2
400  16
1 1 2 v2 1
K r  IW    mr 2  2  mv 2   25 rad s2 .
2 2 5 r 5
Kt 1 2mv 2
12 5 8. (a) Let the angular velocity of the combination
    be W conservation of angular momentum:
K t  Kr  1 1  2 7 10 7
   mv I1  I 2  (I  I) 
2 5

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 4 Hints & Solutions
1
 (1  2 ) s 11. (b) a  g sin 
2
2 K
1
1 2 1 2 R2
Initial kinetic energy k i  I1  I2
2 2 K2 1
For disc:   0.5
R2 2
1
Final kinectic energy k f  (2I)2 K2 2
2 For sphere: 2   0.4
R 5
I Since, a(sphere) > a(disc)  Sphere will
(1  2 ) 2
4 reach first.
12. (b) The angular momentum of mass about center
 Loss in energy k  k i  k f
will remain constant as the torque of tension
is zero.
1 1
 I  12  22    12  22  212  r0
2 4 mv0 r0  mv
2
I 2 I 2 v  2v 0
  1  22  2 1 2    1  2  .
4 4
1 2
9. (a) Given: Final value of K.E.  m  2v 0   2mv02 .
2
Radius, R  0.5m
5
Angular acceleration,   2 rad s 2 13. (d) Velocity of automobile: v  54   15m s
18
Time, t  2s
v 15 100
Assumption: 0    m
Acceleration asked is for a point on the rim. r 0.45 3
After 2 s, Angular velocity is given by: 0  0 100
An gular accel eration:   
t 45
13MR 2 since t  15s as given.
 .
32
100
2 Torque:   I  3   6.66N  6.66k gm2 s2 .
MR 45
10. (b) ITotaldisc 
2
14. (c) MI of m1 about the axis: I1  m1x 2
M
MRemoved   Mass  area  MI of m2 about the axis: I 2  m 2 (L  x) 2
d
IRemoved (about the same perpendicular axis) KE is rotational.
2 2 Total KE is
M  R 2 MR  3MR 2
     1 1 1
4 2 4 2 32
2 2 2

E  I102  I2 02  02 m1 x 2  m2  L  x 
2

IRemoveddisc  ITotal  IRemoved Work done is change in KE.
2
MR 3 13 To minimize E, differentiate wrt x and equate
  MR 2  MR 2 . to zero.
2 32 32
M m2L
m1 x  m 2  L  x   0  x  m  m
1 2
R Alternatively, work done is minimum when
the axis passes through the center of mass.
R m2 L
Center of mass is at
m1  m2 .

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 4 Hints & Solutions
15. (d) For conservation of angular momentum, net 1
torque is zero. k 2  r 2  disc .
  2
 r F  0 20. (c) Here on the entire system net external force
(12  12)Jˆ  (6  6)kˆ  0    1 . on the system is zero hence center of mass
remains unchanged.
16. (d) After the string is cut the initial angular
acceleratipn of the rodis generated by torque m1x1  m2 x 2  m3 x 3
at Q On balancing torque about the Q point 21. (a) x cm 
m1  m2  m3
L ML2 300  0  500  40  400  70 48000
Mg      40 .
2 3 300  500  400 1200
3g 22. (a) We knows L  m(r  v)

2L So, here, angular momentum i directed along
a line perpendicular to the plane of rotation.
3g 23. (c) By applying the law of conservation of angular
Therefore the acceleration of rod is   .
2L momentum,
17. (c) Applying angular momentum congeruntion I11  I 2 2  0
2 2 2 2
M1R 1 M 2 R 2  M1R M R  1 1
   2  w 1
200    2002  0
2 2  2 2  2
the final angular velocity 1
2  0.04  50 4  0.01 2  
  200 2
2 2 R  1  2  1rad sec
 2  0.04 4  0.01  2
   ' T  2 sec .
 2 2  
20  4  (0.04  0.02) 24. (a) Moment of inertia I  Icm  md 2
6 d is maximum for B
 ' I is maximum for B.
0.06
600 25. (a) Given, (t)  2t 3  6t 2
'   100 rad s .
6 Id 2  d  d  d
18. (b) Radius of navigation is given by
T  2
 I    I (6t 2  12t)
dt dt  dt  dt
1  I(12t  12)  0
K
m 12t  12  0  t  1s .
For given problem 26. (b) Here, we apply theorem of parallel axis
K disc l I 0 moment of inertia of Red length L about
 disc its axis
K ring i ring
I B moment of inertia of Rod at its end
K disc 1
2MR 2 I B  I0  M  L2 
2
  1: 2 .
K ring MR 2 2
IB  I 0  ML4 .
2gh
19. (c) v  1  k2
r2

2g3v 2 k2 3
v2  1 

4g 1  k2
r2  r2 2

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 4 Hints & Solutions

L2 L i  Lf
27. (c) K.E. 
2I Iw  0  Iw   2  mr 2 w 
 From angular momentum conservation
about centre. Mr 2 w  0  Mr 2 w   2  mr 2 w 

L  constant I  mr
2 Mw
 w  .
M  2m
L2 r
K.E.  2
r  d 32. (d) Given, mass  M, length  L
2(mr ) 2
So the moment of inertia of each rod through
K.E.  4K.E. the center and about an axis perpendicular
K.E. is increased by a factor of 4. to the ends.
28. (b) As initially, both the particles were at rest, ML2
therefore, velocity of the centre of mass was I
zero and there is no external force on the
12
system so the speed of the centre of mass Thus the moment of inertia of each rod about
remains constant i.e, it should be equal to axis is:
zero. From parallel axis theorem,
2
1 1 I2t 2i L  ML2   ML2   4ML2 
29. (b) E  It 2i  I  4  (I  M)       
2 2  It  Ib  2  12   4   3 
33. (c) Moment of inertia of the system
1 Ib It i2

2  It  Ib  . M(L 2)2 M(L 2)2
I 
3 3
  
m1 r1  m2 r2 ML2 ML2 ML2
30. (a) R cm   2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ    .
m1  m 2 12 12 6

31. (a) Let the final angular velocity be w

Angular momentum is conserved about
center of the ring.

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 4 Hints & Solutions

EXEPLANATION
-2

CHAPTER-2 1.(d) For Resultant intensity to be zero

GRAVITATION
-1

1.(c) Gravitation force provi de requi red

centriptal force to the particle G100 G  104

Gmm mV 2 x2 1 – x 2

 2r 2 r
m m 1
r x m
11
1 Gm 2. (a) Total gravitation Intensity at P is
V
2 r
2. (b) From figure

I  I12  I22

G800 G600
Where I1 
andI2 
2
0.2  0.12
FA  –FB
On solving we get I = 2.22  10 –6 N .
 Net force on particle D is
3.(a) Net Gravitation Intensity
Gmm 4Gm2
Fc  
2
 3  3a 2 1
I  GM  
1

1 
 ...
 a  12
22
42

 2 
4Gm2
FNet 
3a 2
3.(b) For max. Grav. force between two particle 1 1 1 
I  GM     ...
1 4 16 
{G.P Series}
a 1 4
  4GM
S  1 – r 1 – 1 3= I
4 3
dF
0
dm -3
d
Gm  M – m    0 or M – 2m = 0
dm 
m 1 1.(c) gn= 1.67 m/s2 Rm = 1.74×106m

M 2

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 4 Hints & Solutions
GM
gm 
We know R 2m

gR 2
M  7.58  1022 kg
G 2. (a) IA  IB  IC
1
2.(a) We know g 2
R
g  R 
 –2    –2  –2% 
g  R 
g
 100   4%
g
3.(a) We know
as angle between IA,IB and IC is  = 120°
GM p m 4GM p m
 Net intensity at centroid is zoo.
F
2 = F D 2p 3. (b) For solid sphere
 Dp 
  GM
 2  Iin  r
R3
-4
GM
I 
r2
1. (c) For small value of h
-6
 2h 
gh = g 1 –
 R  1.(c) Change in Total energy
For depth GMm  1 1 
 –
 x 2R  3 4 
g x  g 1 – 
 R 6.67  10 –11  6  1024  103  1 
 12 
as g h  g x 2  6.4  106  
2h  x = 2.614×109 J
2. (d) For larger height 2.(a) When the body is projected upward then K.E
changes into P.E
2
gh  R  1  R  1 R
  =    1 1 1 
g  R  h  4  R  h  2 R h mv2  GMm  – 
2 R R  h
 hR
3. (d) We know 1 2  h 
or 2 mv  GMm  R R  h 
gh  R   6400km 
2 2    
   
g R  h  6500km  1 mgRh 
or mv2   GM  gR2 
Percentage change in g 2 Rh  
 gh  7
on solving h = 2.5×10 m
1 –   100  3%
 g 
3.(d) Change in P.E
-5
h = 2R
mghR mg  2R  R 2
G  m1  m2  –7 =  mgR
1. (b) V–  –1.47  10 J/kg Rh 3R 3
r
 
2
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 4 Hints & Solutions
-7 2. (c) Acc. to kepler’s IIIrd law
T  R 3/2
1.(d) Rp  2 Re For small change
p  e T 3  R  3
100      100   0.01  100
T 2 R  2
Ve  2gR
= 1.5% Increase
GM 4 3. (b) Acc. to kepher IIIrd law
Since g  2 or
g  RG
3/2
R 3 Ts R 
 s  Te  1day
8 Tc  R C 
 Ve  R G
3
3/2
 4R c 
i.e. Ve  R  Ts    Te  8days
 R
 c 
Vep Rp Pp Vep 2
or   =  3/2
Vee Re Pe Vee 1 T2 R  3/2
4. (b)  2   2 2 2
T1  R1 
Vep  22km /s
2. (a) For near the surface of earth T2  2 2  365days
GM 2GM -9
V  & Ve 
R R
Additional velocity Required 1. (b) R1  Distance between earth and sun
GM  1.5  1011 m
Ve – V 
R
 2 –1 
R 2 = Distance between mercury and sun
or  gR  0.414   3.278km /s
= 6  1010 m
Re 10 ge 6
  3/2 3/2
3.(d) Rm 1 gm 1 T2 R   6  1010 
 2  
T1  R1   1.5  1011 
 
Vee 2g e R e
  60
Vem 2g n R m 3/2
 6  1
4.(d) Escape velocity is independent of direction T2     years
and angle of proection  15  4

-8 Tsatellite  Rsatellite 
3/2
2. (a)  
Tmoon  R moon 
13
1.(b) R1  10
Given
R 2  1012 Tsatellite 1

Acc. to kepler’s IIIrd law Tmoon 2
2 3 3/2
 T1  R  Tsatellite  1 
    1     23/2
 T2   R2  Tmoon  2

3/2
T1 R 
 1  10 10
T2  R2 

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 4 Hints & Solutions

LEVEL - I Gm1m2
F  6N
d2
Section-A
8.(b) From the fig.
(Straight Objective Type)
Topic : 1 Universal law of Gravitation
1. (a) R e  6400km
R m  3200km
M e  1 0M m

2
wm mg m M   Re 
  m    
we mg e M The net force on one body is
 e   Rm 
2 MV 2
 1   2 Fnet  3F 
mg m        200 2
 L 
 10   1   
 3
mg m  80N
2.(a) We know Gravitation force provi de GM
V
centripetal force L
F = mrw2
F = 36×1021 N GMm
9.(c) F1  F
GM d2
3.(a) g
R2
As radius of earth decreases
 g Increases force between M & m
4.(a) F between moon & Earth Similarly
GMm  Me
Fme   Fem GM2m
F2   2F1
R2 d2
GM Gm Total force

5.(d) 2
x  D – x 2 FT  F1  F2  3F

10.(c)

2
GMM G 4 3 
F   R  
 2R 2 4R 2  3 
D– x m 1
 
x M 9 F R 4

9 D – x   x Topic : 2 Acceleration due to gravity

9D = 10x 11. (a) Change in K.E change in P.E
9D 1 GMm
x mv2 
10 2 Rh
6. (a) Moon has no atmosphere
1 GMm GM
 Reading of barometer is o. mv2  = V
7.(d) F between the two masses independent of 2 2R R
medium and presence of other bodies
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 4 Hints & Solutions

GMp GMe
12. (b) For small height (h < 100 km) hp  he
h = 32 km R 2p Re2
 2h  On solving
In = 9 1 –
 R  hp  100m
 2  32  17.(b) DP  2De
In = 9 1 –
 6400 
Mp  2Me
In = 0.99g
Since
9
13.(d) 9h 
2 l
T  2 for a simple pendulum
Since g
2
gh  R 
 2
 Tp ge Me  Rp 
g R  h    
Te gp Mp  R e 

1 R

2 Rh TP
 2
R  h  2R Te
18. (a) We know for falling body
h  2 –1 R 
1 1
h g t2  g t 2
14. (c) g p  1.96m / s2 2 11 2 2 2
he = 2m hp = ? t1  1sec
g e  9.8m / s
g1
Since P.Fm of body is constant g2 
6
mg p hp  g e he
t2 g1 6
ge  
9.8 t1 g2 1
hp  h  2
g p e 1.96
t2  6 sec
hp  10m
19. (c) Mp  2Me
D1 4 1 1
  D p  3De
15. (c) D2 1 2 2
2
gp RMp 
GM 4 4   e 
Since g  2 and M  R 3  g  RG g e Me  RP
R 3 3 

g1 R11 D11 4 1 g1 2 GM
     g
g2 R 22 D22 1 2 = g2 1 R2
2 1
Mp 1 Rp 1 gP   g
16. (c)  and  1 9 e
Me 10 Re 3
2
he = 9m gp  g
Since energy remain constant 9 e

mg p hp  mg e he GM
20.(b) g' 
R' 2
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 4 Hints & Solutions

GM Topic : 3 Gravitational potential energy

g 27. (c) The energy required to escape from
R2
surface
R
R'  1 1
2 mv2e  m  2gR   mgR
2 2
2
g'  R  At a height h = 4Re
  4
g  R'   from centre R + h = 5Re
g '  4g 2GM
Ve ' 
GM G R2
m2 5 Re
21. (d) g   
R 2 g m kg At this height energy required
2 1 1 2GM mg R e
1 g  R  1 mv'e2  m 
22. (a) gh  g = h    2 2 5 Re 5
64 g R  h 64
28. (a) h = 20 m
R 1 V = 2 joule/kg.

Rh 8 For 5kg and h'  4m
8R = R + h
7R = h  2 
h = 7 × 6.4×106 W  4   5  2Joule
 20 
h = 44.8×106 m
29. (d) m = 3 kg
h  45 × 106 m.
U = 54J
2 At infinity total energy = 0
mg h  R 
23. (c)  
mgs R  h 1
mv 2e  U  0
1 2
mg h   72
4 1
mv2e  –U
mg h  18N 2
24. (a) At the centre of earth 1
gc  0  3v 2e  54
2
 Weight of body is zero.
v2e  36
25. (b) gd  gh
Ve  6m / s
 d  2h 
g 1 –   g 1 – 30. (d) Loss of K.E = gain in P.E
 R   R 
1 mghR
d = 2h mv2 
2 Rh
1
26. (b) gd  g Since h = 10 Re on solving
n V = 1.07 × 104 m/s
 d 31. (b) Total energy 2 at  is zero.
g d  1 –  g
 R 
P2  1 1  GMm
 – 0
g  d
 1 –  g 2  m M  d
n  R
1  mM  2 GMm
d 1 n –1  V 
1 –  2 m  M d
R n n
2G  M  m 
 n – 1 V
d  R d
 n 

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 4 Hints & Solutions
32. (c) Me  81Mm
MP R 
  e 
Me  R p 
 

1
Vp  100   5Ve
4
Total P.E of mass m v p  5  11.2  56km /sec
GMem GMm m
– – 4
R r 38. (c) Ve  2gR g RG
3
M M 
–Gm  e  m 
 R r  4 
Ve  2  RG R
Since Me = 81 Mm 3 
 81 1  Ve  R 
–GmMm   
 R r
33.(d) g at the surface of earn is max. it dec as we Since  is constant
move outside or inside the earth
Ve R
GM   4% decrease
g out.  GMr Ve R
g in 
 R  h 2 R3
2GM
GMm 39. (a) Ve   100
34.(b ) P.E 2 At the surface earth  – R
R
GMm 2GM
P.E 2 at small height h = mgh U =  104
R R
GMm 104
 Total P.E at height = –  mgh U–  –5000J
R 2
35. (c) h = 4R work = change in Gravitation P.E
GM
mghR 4RR 4 40. (c) Orbital velocity (at) vel. V 
  mg  mgR R
Rh 5R 5
2GM
Topic : 4 Escape Velocity Escape velocity = Ve 
R
36. (d) Let v' is the final velocity of body at  Additional velocity Required
1 1 1 V = Ve – V0
mv2  mv 2e  mv,2
2 2 2 GM
V is velocity of projection V = 2Ve V  
2 –1
R
 2Ve 2  Ve2  v' 2 V  3.28Km /s
3v2e v '2 41. (a) Let v is the velocity Required to escape
'
the body.
v  3Ve
37. (a) Ve  11.2km / s
Mp  100Me

Vp  ? R p  4R e

VP 2GMp Re Since T.E at  = 0

 
Ve Rp 2GMe 1 GM1m GM2 m
mV 2  – 0
2 d/2 d/2
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 4 Hints & Solutions
1
mV 2  2
Gm
M  M2  T 2  R 7/2 NPOnn
2 d  1 49. (b) Since angular momentum is conserred
4G
V M  M2 
d  1
R1 g1
42. (d) P q
R2 g2 mv p rp  mva ra

Ve 2g1R1 v p rp
1
  pq Va   12m /s
Ve 2g 2R 2 ra
2
43. (a) Total energy at  is zero. 50. (a) T = 24h
44. (c) Escape velocity of the body is independent Since T 2 R 3
of mass of the body which is to be projected. Since Time is constant
45. (d) Let v' is the final velocity at   Orbital Radius must be same
1 1 1 51. (b) R ms  1.524R es
= mv' 2  mv 2e  mv2
2 2 2 3/2
Tm R  3/2
2   ms   1.524 
'
V  V – 2
Ve2   3Ve  – Ve2 Te  Res 
Tm  1.88earth year
V'  8' Ve
46. (d) Change in K.E. = Change in P.E R
52. (b) R' 
2 2
1  ve  mghR
m   3/2
2  3  Rh T,  R '  1
  

T R  2 2
1  2gR  mghR
m.   365
2  9  Rh T'   129days
2 2
h + R = 9h 53. (c) Angular momenten is constante
8h = R
R
h
8

Topic : 5 Kepler’s Law mv1d1  mv2d 2

3/2 d1
T2 R  3/2 v2  v1
 9R 
47. (a)  2    27 d2
T1  R1   R 
2 2 4 MR 2 
T2  27T1 54. (a) Ic  =  MR 2  
5 T 5 T
1 55. (c) R 2  4R1
48. (b) F 5/2
 mRw 2
R T1  1.4hr
m
R –5/2  R T2 R 
3/2
42 T2  2   4
3/2
8
On Removing constant T1  R1 

5 7
1 T2  1.4  8  8 2
2
T  R R2
2

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 4 Hints & Solutions
Topic: 6 Earth Satellite GMm
PE 2  –
56. (d) We know R
1 GMm
 R  h 3 T.E.  mv2 –
T  2 2 R
GM
GMm GMm
2  –
3  T  2R R
 R  h    GM
 2 
GMm 1
T.E  –  – mv2
2 2R 2
9R
 R  h 3  64. (b) Loss of P.E = gain in K.E.
w2
mghR 1
1 GMm  mv2
57. (b) mv2  Rh 2
2 R
hR
GM
V  8  103 m / s V  9R  7.91km /s
R
65. (a) gravity at equator
V  gR  8  103 m /s
g e  g – R 2  0
Vm 2R m Te Te Rm R
58. (a)     T  2
Ve Tm 2R e Tm Re g
3/2
T  1.5h
 Re  Rm Vm Re 1.5  108 66. (c) Relay satellite or communication satellite
     
 Rm  Re Ve Rm 6  107 or geo satellite has equal period of rotation
as that of earth.
Vm 5
 2r
Ve 2 67. (b) T
V
59. (a) Aryabhatta is at largest distance from earth
60. (b) It appears stationary GM
V 
 It has same angular velocity as that of r
earth r3
T  2
61. (b) R 2  9R1 GM
3/2 68. (d) Acc. to kepler’s IIInd law
T2 R 
 2 T 2 R 3 T 2  KR 3
T1  R1 
3/2 T2
T2   9  T1  K  cons tan t
R3
T2  27T1
r3
69. (c) T  2
R R GM
Since T1  2 = T2  27  2
g g Where M is the mass of planet and is
62. (a) Largest earth velocity will add to the independent of mass of satellite
satellite velocity when projected near the
earth equator
1 1  GM 
63. (d) K.E  mv2  m  
2 2  R 

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 4 Hints & Solutions
LEVEL - II
GM 6. (b)
1. (b) Since g 
R2
g R mv2 D
 –2 Fe   M2
g R D 2
g 2
 –2  –1% 
g GMM 42 D
= M
g D2 T2 2
  2% Increase
g
D3
T  2
4 2GM
2.(b) g1  R Gd
3 1 1
1 mghR
4 7.(d) mv2 
g 2  R 2Gd2 2 Rh
3 If R = h
g1 R1d1
 v2  gR
g 2 R 2d2
3. (a) Escape velocity is independent of the angle 8. (b) We know T for a planet is
of projection
4. (a) In terms of density  R  h 3
T  2
Ve R1 1 gR 2
1
where T = 2h = 7200 sec
Ve R2 2
2 R  6.4  106 m
g = 9.8
Ve1 1 2 1
  h = 640 km
Ve2 2 1 2
1 m
9. (b) mv2  RT
Ve  2Ve 2 
2 1
Since v2  2gh
l
5. (d) T1  2
g1 1 m
m  2gh   RT
2 
l
T2  2 gh  GMh
g2 T 
R R r2
2
g2 R  gm 1
 1 10. (b) 
g1  R 2  ge 6

T2 g1 2 Dm 1
  4 
T1 g2 1 De 4

2 Ve 2g e R e
 2   64
g 2    g1 Vm 2g m R m
1
T2  2T1 Ve
 24
Vm
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 4 Hints & Solutions
15. (b) From the fig
 GMm GMm 
11. (b) Change in T.E   2 R  h – 2R 
   

 GMm GMm
  – 
 2  3R 2R 

–GMm  1 
Change in T.E   – 1
R 6 
Net force on M'
5 GMm 5
Change in T.E   mgR GMM' x
6 R 6 Fnet   2F cos   
2 r
= Energy required r
12. (c) All the force balanced each other so net 16. (d) h  50cm
force at m0 is zero.
2
m  
3 e
energy of the person remain contant
mg e he  mg m hm

ge
hm  he  g  4 R G
gm 3
13. (d) Both the particle revolve a round the centre
 R   3
of mass of the particles   e e  he   4    50
R    2
 m m
hm  300cm

1
17. (a) The orbital K.E = mv2  k
2
m2  0  m1r
we know d  1
m1  m2 escape K.E = mv2e  k '
2
m1r
d 2
m1  m2 k'  Ve  2
  

k  V  1
14. (a) Four particle from the fig
1
18. (b) F  m 2R
Rn

1 4 2
m R
Rn T2

T2  Rn1  m, g and  are constant

n 1
T R
Total force on m 2
19. (c) Let d1 and d2 are the distance covered by
 2F cos 
the bodies.
Gmm a 16Gm2 Since No external force acting
F2  
 5a 
2 5a 5 5a 2  M1d1  M2d 2  0
  2
 2 
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 4 Hints & Solutions
M1d1  –M2d 2 GMm GM'm
FNet  –
d1 M2 X2  R
2
 x – 
d2 M1  2
–Ve sign indicates that both are moving in where
opposite direction. M R
20. (a) Gravitational force is independent of the M'   R'  
mediam 8  2
21. (b) From the figure
 1 1 
 
 FNet  GMm  x 2 – 2
 2  2x – R  

4  1 1 
FNet  Gm. R 3   – 
3  x 2 2  2x – R 2 
 
23. (b) Take a small element dx at a distance x
from m

Net force on m is
FNet  2F  F '
It will provide centripetal force Let dU is the pot. energy

Gm2 Gm2 F Gmdm Gm  M 

F & F'   dU  – – .  dx 
2 2 2 x x  l 
L
 2L 
GmM 1 GmM al
F mv 2  dU  –  l x
dx  –
l
ln x a
 2F  
2 R GmM  l
U– ln 1  
 2 2  1 mv 2 l  a
F  24. (c) We Know
 2  R
1 mghR 2gR Ve
Gm2  2 2  1 mv 2 mv2  as V  
  2 Rh 2 2
L2  2  R
R
Since on solving h 
2L  2R  L  2R 3

Gm2  2 2  1 mv 2 1 1
mv 2e = m  2gR 
  25. (c) k.E =
2R 2  2  R 2 2
k.E = mgR
Gm  4  2  26. (d) W = change in potential energy
V   
R  4 2  GMm  GMm 
– – – 
22. (b) From the figure 4R  2R 
GMm
W
4R

27. (a) Since g eq  g – R 2 cos 2 0

g R
  T  2
R g
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 4 Hints & Solutions
33. (b) When no. external force act on system then
28. (a) F inside an particlex =  mg '
momentum remain constant
mGxM
–
R3
Comparing with F  kx
GMm
K Let
R3
d1and d2 are the distance covered by the
m R3 masses
t  2  2
k GM m1d1  m2d2

T  R3 md1  4md 2

4 2 GM d1  4d2
For constant gravity time to cover R distance
Since d1  d2  12R
2 3
2R 2R  R 2R 5d 2  12R
t1   
g GM GM
12
d2  R  2.4R
t  R  3 5
 
t1 2 GM 2 2  d1  12R – 2.4R  9.6R
33. (a) W = change in total energy
2R 3
GMm GMm
GM W –
2r 2  3r 
GM gR 2
29. (d) V   GMm  2  2
Rh Rh W   E
2r  3  3 
30. (d) Let P is the point where gravitational
Intensity is zero. GMm
Since E  (given)
2r
34. (a) h = 2R
mghR 1
 mv2
Rh 2
4GM GM
V 2
3R 3R
35. (a) L = mv ra
I1  I2
GM
m r
Gm

GM  M  ra  rp  a  m 2GM r
x2  60R – x  2 as m  81 
 2 
 ra  rp a
   
on solving x = 6R 36. (a) In case of solid sphere
GM 2 GMm
31. (d) L = mvr = m2 r F1  r1
r R3
i.e. L  r
If distance is increased to 16r
 L'  4L

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 4 Hints & Solutions
40. (d) We know
GMm
F2  r2 GM 4
R3 g  2  RG
R 3
GMmh 4
37. (a) E M  R 3
R R  h 3
as distance y is given from centre
 –1 1 4
E1  hMm    g  Gy
 2  R  h  R  3
1 1
 2h  R  41. (c) K.E  mv 2e  m  2gR 
 GMm 2 2
2R  R  h
K.E  mgR
E 2h  2h  g –2h
 . g n  g 1 – 
E1 2h  R 42. (b)  =
 R g R
38. (b) W = Change in gravitation potential energy. 43. (d) g Not zero at any point becuase of non
uniform density
44. (d) All the micro & macro objects obey keplars
IIIrd law.
45. (d) Gravitation mass & inertal mass are the
oretical equal but experi anentally are
different experimentally equal only a = g
W  m V' – V  46. (a) Gravitational force is a central force which
  can not produce torque.
where V is the potential at o. 47. (d) W = change in gravitation potential
energy.
& V' is at the 0' . GMm  1 1  GMm
W  – = W
R 2 4 4R
G  2m  G4m
V  – – 48. (a) Change in P.E = change in K.E 2
R 2R
mghR 1
G  4m  G  2m   mv2
V'  – – Rh 2
 R 2R
as h = R
Gm2 GM
On solving W  2
R
1– 2   v
R
39. (a) As the particle move from P to 0. 49. (a) g s  g – R w 2 cos 2 60
Change in k.E = change in P.E
1 1 2
4g 42
0  9 – R w2  = 9  Rw  
4 4 R T2
R
T
g
50. (d) Inside the earth
4
g  RG g R
3
51. (d) We know inside the spherical shell there
1 is no gravitational force present but for
1 1 
mv2  GMm  –  outside
2  R 2R 
1
GM F
V
R Distance 2
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 4 Hints & Solutions
52. (c) Between the two masses there is a point
where net force became zero. 3GM2
W  U2 – U1 
a
2. (a) For complete sphere

 acc. first dec. to zero & then inc.

Gmm
53. (b) F
a2

mv2 GMm
3F  F1 
r 4R2
Gm M M
V  Gm G m
a GMm
F2  8  8 
2
Since  CP  2  R 9R 2
 2R –  28 
v 3Gm  2 4
w 
a a3 On dividing
F2 7
Section-B 
(Assertion and Reason Type) F1 9
1. (a)conceptual 3. (c) W = Change in Gravitational potential
2. (b)conceptual energy.
3. (a)conceptual
4. (a)conceptual
5. (a)conceptual
6. (d)conceptual
7. (c)conceptual
8. (d)conceptual
9. (a)conceptual
10. (b) conceptual
1 1 
Section-C W  GMm  – 
5 6 
(Takshila Challengers)
On solving W  1.11  10 –11 J
Gmm Gmm
1.(b) U1  –  3 U2  – 3 1 2 GMm GMm
a 2a
4. (a) T.E at A  2 mv1 – 2R  – 2  3R 

2
v12  gR
3

2
gR
v12
 3 8
Radius of con. a g  R
3
4

t2 g1
5. (d) 
t1 g2

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 4 Hints & Solutions
For same distance
Section-D
t1  h g1 h g1 (Previous Years Questions)
  1
t1 g t1 g2
 d
1. (d) mg d  mg 1 – 
h g 2 – g1  R
 ...(i)
t1 g2 R
Since d 
2
V2 g2
Also V  g1 mg 200
1 mg =   100N
2 2
V1  4 g2 4 g 2  g1
   ...(ii) GMm
V1 g1 V1 g1 2. (a) F1 
4R2
(ii) and (i)
2
M GM
4 t1 g2 G m m
  Fc  8  8
h v1 g1  CP  2
 R
 2R –
2 
4 1 g 2  4 2
   g1g 2
h g1 g1 =  h  GMm GMm
 
2
6. (d) Given 9R 18R 2
8
4
F  r 5/2
 1 1  GMm  9  2 
or F  Fc  mr2  r 5/2 F2  F1  Fc  GMm  –    
 4 18  R 2  36 
42
or mr   r 5/2  F2 
7 GMm
T2 36 R2
5
or T 2  r1 2 7 GMm
F2 36 R 2 7
 
T2  r3.5 F1 GMm 9
2
7. (d) FC  Fg 4R
3. (b) Since angalar momentum is constant
GMm gR 2  GM  r320  So velocity is maximum at A & minimum
mr2    g
2  = g 
r2 r2  R  R2 at c
 K A  KB  KC
mgRh mgR  R mgR
8. (a) U   
R  h R  R 2 ' 1
4. (c) If Ms  M
10 s
Re Me
2  10
9. (d) Rm Mm G'  10G

2
GMe
e  Me   R m  2 g
1 R2
=     10   
m  Mm   R e   2 and New
e  200 GMe
 2.5  n  e   80N g'  = 10g.
m 2.5 2.5 R2
dA 1 Me (Mass of earth remains same)
10. (b)  5. (a) They attract each other due to mutual
dt 2m
gravitation attraction.

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 4 Hints & Solutions
11. (c) Gravitation force provide centripetal force
 2h   d
6. (c) g h  g 1 –  = g d  g 1 –   acc. of satelliet is always directed towords
 R  R the centre of earth.
d  2h  2km  h = 1 km 12. (d) h  0.25  106 m
7. (a) V  –5.4  107 J / kg R  6.3  106 m g = 9.8
g  6m /s 2 R = 6400 km GM gR 2
V   7.76 km/s
dv Rh Rh
g–
dr
GM
V V 13. (a) Ein  r
g– Rh
g R3
Rh
V
h –R
g
On solving h = 2600 km
Vee Re e 1 1 1
8. (b)     
Vep Rp p 2 2 2 2

9. (a) We know

r3 2 42 3
T  2 =T  r
GM GM
On comparing GM
Eout 
2
T  Kr 3 r2
42 2GM
k Ve  C 
GM 14. (c)
R R  10 –2 m
10. (b) Let d1 & d2 are the distance covered
15. (a) h = 2R
mghR
Change in Gravitational P.E =
Rh

mg2R 2 2
  mgR
3R 3

1 1 1 
16. (c) V  – G m    ... 
1 2 4 

 d1  d2  9R ...(i)
Md1 = 5Md2
d1  
d1 = 5d2  d2   1 
5 V  –Gm   – 2G m
Put in eqn. (i) 1 – 1 
 2 
d1
d1   9R Since m = 2kg
5 V  –4G
6
d  9R
5 1
d1  7.5R
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 4 Hints & Solutions
17. (c) R P  2R e 23. (d) Ve  2gR V  gR
24. (b) Potential inside the shell is same as that
Vep RP p 2
  on the surface
= Vep   1Ve  2Ve
Vee Re e 1 GM GM –3GM
V – –
a a /2 a
2GM
18. (b) Ve  25. (b) Since angular momentum is constant
Rh
mv1r1  mv 2r2
h  3R
1/2
 GM 
Ve   
 2R 
GM
19. (a) g
R2 v1 r2

D 4GM v2 r1
R g 2
2 D 26. (a) The minimum velocity required to that
2 the body does not return back is escape
mg h  R  1 R velocity
20. (c)    
mg  R  h  16 R h
2GM
Ve 
1 R R
 h  3R
4 Rh
21. (b) There is no gravitational field inside VB RA 4R
27. (b)   2
sperical shell. VA RB R
g in  0
2VA  2  2  3V = 6V
1 28. (b) As area of SCD is twice of SAB Accounting
But gout  2 to kepler 2nd law
R
Area traced  Time taken
22. (c) h = 5R
R + h = 6R  t1  2t 2

h'  2R R  h'  3R 29. (a) At the top of hill V  gR

T2 3/2
 3R  1
  
T1  6R  2 2
g = 9.8 R = 20m
24 V = 14 m/s
 T2  6 2
2 2

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 5 HintsElectrostatics
& Solutions
MODULE - 8 (Medical) (CLASS – XII) PHYSICS

-1
EXEPLANATION
dp (1.01107 105 )
5. (c)  = dv / v = dyne/m2
1. (c) The interatomic forces in solids are both 0.0110 –2
attractive and repulsive. = 100 × 1014 ×10–4 dyne/cm2
2. (d) There will be both shear stress and normal = 1012
stress.
3. (d) longitudinal strain -3
100g 1. (b) Gases are most compressible. So, (b) is correct
4. (a) Shearing =
(10)2 (10 –4 )
= g×104
option according to question.
= 9.8 ×104 2. (c) PV = constant
x 0.25 Pdv +Vdp = 0
5. (a) Strain= = = 0.025
l 10 dv dp
 =– p
V v
6. (d) Valume Strain =
V dp dp
V = a3   =– = dp / p = p
dv / v
ln V = 3 ln a
1 da dp
dv = 3. = 3(0.01) = 0.03 3. (c) =
dv / V
V a
r dv dP gh
7. (b) Slver Strain =  = =
l V  

10 –2 (0.8) 103(10)(3000)
= = 0.004 = = 0.0136
2 2.2109
-2 = 1.36%
V dp
1. (a) The property of a body to regain its original 4. (d) = 0.1×10–2 = 
shape when the deforming force is removed V
from it or to oppose the change in its original  dp =  gh = 0.001
shape is called elasticity.
Plasticity is the property of a body not to regain 0.001 10 –3(9 108 )
 h = = = 90m
its original shape when the deforming force g 103 (10)
is removed.
-4
Ductility is commonly defined as the ability
of a body to be stretched into wires.
2. (d) rubber, glass, copper, steel shearing stress
3. (b) Stress = (Strain) 1. (a) As = 
shearing strain
Stress and since liquids cannot sustain shearing
So,  =
Strain stress.
F l   = 0 in their case.
4. (a) =
A l 2. (c) it is difficult to twist a long rod as compared
If l = l to a small rod
 F = A= 10–4 (2×1011) = 2×107 3. (c) Y  2(1   ) Hence Y  

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 MODULE -58 (Medical) (CLASS – XII) PHYSICS HintsElectrostatics
& Solutions
-5 deforming force it is negligible for perfectly
elastic substance, like quartz, phosphor
bronze and large for glass fibre.
Stress
1. (a) As, Y = 6
Strain 2. (b) CV  R Fortriatomic gas
2
 Slope of strain and stress graph
1 8
CP  Cv  R  R
= 2
y
 A has maximum young modulus of Eadi CP
elasticity as its slope is minimum.  = 4/3
Eiso C v
2. (c) P = extension, Q = stored elastic energy
(1) Graph between, force & extenion will be 3. (c) Modulus of elasticity gives the idea of
straight line as in elastic range force a elasticity. For some materials, values of E are:
extension. Glass: 50-90GPa
Rubber:0.01-0.1GPa
(2) stored energy = U = (1/2)Kx2 i.e. U  x2
Steel:200GPa
i.e. graph between stored elastic energy and Copper: 117GPa
tension will be parabolic in nature.
x r 0.8(0.01)
3. (a) If F, L, Y are constant then   (1/ A) 4. (b) Shear strain = = =
L L 2
i.e.   (1/ r2 ) = 0.004
i.e. for same load, thickest wire (radius is
more) will show minimum elongation. x
5. (c) shering stress : tan  
From the graph, minimum elongation is L
shown by graph OD. 6. (c) Breaking stress for a wire depends only on
Hence OD must be thickness wire’s graph. material.
4. (b) Young's modulus is less for B. 7. (c) Change in length corresponds to longitudinal
5. (c) Area of hysterisis loop gives the energy loss
strain & change shape corresponds to shear
in the process of stretching and unstretching
of rubber band and this loss will appear in strain.
the form of heating
Topic 2: Hooke's Law
6. (b) The atoms when brought from infinity are
attracted due to inter-atomic electrostatic F l
force of attraction. At point B, the potential 8. (c) =
A l
energy is minimum and force of attraction
is maximum. But if we bring atoms closer F l'
Also, =
than x=B, force of repulsion between two A' l
nuclei starts and P.E.increases. Thus
F l' l l'
repulsive between A and B, and attractive  =  4r =
between B and C. (A / 4) l l l

LEVEL - I  l' = 4 l = 4 cm
F l
SECTION-A 9. (a) =
A l
(Single Correct Type)
2F l' 1  l   l' 
Also, =    =  
4A 2l 2  l   2l 
Topic 1 - Stress and strain
 l' = l = l
1. (d) The time delay in which the substance
10. (a) (1) Hooke's law is applicable only within elastic
regains its original condition after the
limit. (2) The adiabatic and isothermal elastic
removal of deforming force is called elastic
constants of a gas are different. (3) Young's
after effect. It is the time for which restoring
modulus unit – N/m2 (4) (1/2) × stress × strain
forces are present after the removal of the
= [(Energy stored) / (volume)].

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 5 HintsElectrostatics
& Solutions
MODULE - 8 (Medical) (CLASS – XII) PHYSICS

Fl1 F  l1   F  mg 
11. (c) l1 = = .  2 
A  r1 
1
1 1
W.D. = F l = (50) (10–6)
2 2
F  l2 
l 2 = . = 2.5 × 10–5 J
 r22 
17. (d) Stress = (Strain)
2
l1 l1 r2  1 2 = (2×1011) (0.15)
l 2 =   =
l 2  r1  2  2 =1:1 = 3×1010 N/m2

12.(d) F = 10g. 1 1  l 
18. (c) U = F l = A 
Fl 2   2  l  l
l
l = A = l  2
r 1 l 2
= A
2 2 l
l1 r2 
l 2 =   l1 1 3 10 –6 (10 –6 )
l 2  r1  = (2×1011)
2 4
 r 2 1
1  3
= 1   l1 = 4 l1 = ×10–1 = 0.075 J.
2r
 1 4

2.4 Fl
= cm = 0.6 cm 19. (b) l = A
4

13.(b)
Fl
l = r 2
 F 1  10 3 N, 1   2   

F1l1 F2l 2 103l F2l

F11 F11  A1
= A 
r12 =
(r2 )2
1  &  2  2
r12 r22
r 2
2
 f    r 
2
 F2 =   103 = (4)2 ×103 = 16×103 N
r
 2   2   2   1  1  1
 f1   1   r2 
F
20. (c) = s
 2f   2   r 
2 A
=       .e = e
 f      2r  (Al )g = 

A
Topic 3: Elastic Moduli
 6 106 3
Fl (10)(1.1)  l = g = 3 = ×102 = 75 m
(10)8 10 4
14. (c) l = A = 10 –6 (1.11011 ) = 0.1 mm.
dp
1 F  Fl  F 2l 21. (a) = – dv / V
15. (a) W.D = F l  = 2  A =
2   2A
gh
=
 R1  R2  R  0.001
10 3 (9.8)(200)
F 2l1 = = 19.6×108 N/m2
10 –3
w1 2A1 l1 1
w2 = F 2l 2 = l = Fl 8(10)(4)
2 2 22. (b) l = 4 = (10 –6 )2 1011
2A 2
= 50.9 ×10–5 = 0.5 mm
Fl 5(10)(0.2)
16. (b) l = A = 10 –4 (1011 )

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23. (c) F = A (strain) (Stress)2 F A1 A1 r 

2
1
34. (b) (Stress) = A  = A =  
 –6   1  1 2 F 2 r
 2
= 2 ×1011  10    = 157 N
4  1000  35. (c) S = (Strain)  Strain = S/
24. (d) Force constant (K) = Young’s modulus × 1
interatomic distance  7 = 3 × 10–10 × Y  = Energy density = (stress) (strain)
2
 Y = (7/3) × 1010 = 2.33 × 1010 (N/m2)
1 S  S2
l = (S)   = .
25. (d) F = A = (0.1×10–4) (2×1011) (1) 2  2
l
= 2×106 N Fl 1000(3)
36. (b)  = A(l ) = 0.42(0.2)  3.6×104 N/m2
26. (d) = 2.4
 = 2(1+ ) dp
37. (d)  = – (dv / v)
 2.4
 = 2 –1 = 2 –1 = 1.2 –1 = 0.2
 dv 
dp =    = (2100 × 106) (4 × 10–5)
 v 
27. (a)  = 3(1 – 2)
= 84 × 103 = 84 kpa.
 = 3(1–2 ) = 3 (1010) (1–0.4) 38. (b) l = 12  0.005)2 – 1 = 1.25 ×10–5
= 1.8 ×1010
 K = (r) = 1.8 ×1010(3)(10–10) l
T' = A
= 5.4 N/m l

0.5 10 –3 (1.25 10 –5 )

28. (d) F = (2.2×1011) (2×10–6) = 10–8 (2×1011)
2 1
= 1.1×102 N = 2.5×10–2
= 0.025 N
P
29. (b) Bulk modulus, B  v / v M
39. (b) Tx = (x)g
l
dl l
30. (b) F= A = (2×1012) (1) Tx dl Tx
l e  =  dl = dx
A dx A
= 2×1012 dynes.
l
Mg l
dl  dl = xdx  l
31. (c) F = A F A 0 lA 0
l
Mg l 2 Mgl
A2 r 2 = . = 2A
F2 = F =  2  F = 4F Al 2
A1 1 r  1
 1
T l T' l
F l 40. (d) 2 =
 , Also,
(2d)2 = 
32. (c) = d l  l
A l
T' T
l l Vl  4(d 2 ) =  T' = 4T = 2000 N
F = (A) = (Al) 2 =  2 d 2
l l l
F x
1 41. (a) = ; x = l
F A l
l2
F F 4000 1
F.(l ) 0.5  (9.8)(3 10 –3 )     = = 2 10
33. (b) W.D = = A A (0.25) (8 10 )
2 2
= 8 ×10–7 rad
= 7.35 × 10–3 J

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 1 (stress)2   1 (stress)2  dl 
42. (a) UTotal =  2 .V  +  .V  4. (a) F = A = (9×1010) ( (16×10–6)0.001)
   Steal
2
   Cu l 4
= 360 N.
V 
=
1
(Stress)2  s  Vcu   d
   5. (d) 2T sin   = dmRw2
2  s cu   2 
1 (500)2  l s l   Td =  (Adl) R w2
= .  cu A

2
2 A 
 s  cu   Td =  A(Rd) R w2

1 25 104  4 8   T =  AR2w2
=   11 
–4  11
2 0.5 10  2 10 10  (2R) R l
Now, Strain = = =
2R R l
1 25 108
= (10–10)
2 0.5 TR TR 2w2 (R) w 2R 3
 R = = =
A A 
–2
1
= 25×10 = 0.25 J = J
4
T mlw 2 r 2S
43. (a) Load = A(strain) 6. (b) =S  = S  2 =
A r 2 ml
A
F = (l ) Fp l Al  F   l     r 2
l 7. (b) = = =  Al   Al   Al   Al 
l A l Cu  FCu  l Cu  Cu  r 
 Cu 
A
Slope =
l 11   1  11 
=       1.4 2  9.68
Slope is small when A is small i.e, thinner  7   0.5  7 
wire.
44. (c) Conceputal 8. (c) T1 = A
l1 – l
l
45. (d) Stress = Strain
6
T2 = A
l 2 – l
Slope =
300 10  =  l
0.004
T1 l1 – l
3  T2 = l –l
  = ×1011 = 7.5 ×1010 N/m2 2
4
 T1l2 – T1l = T2l1 – T2l
46. (c) conceputal
 (T2 – T1)l = T2l1 –T1l2
47. (d) For elastomess, Strain is more for lesser stress.
T2l1 – T1 l 2
 l = T2 – T1
LEVEL - II 9. (b) Given,
m va ALa Radius of sphere, R
1. (d) T= a= = Mass placed on massless piston, M.
2 2 2
Area of piston, A
T ALa La
Stress = = = F Mg  0 Mg
A 2A 2 Change in pressure P   
A A A
l 
2. (c) F = A = 0.9 × 1011 × (0.6×10–3)2 (0.002) 4
l 4 Volume of sphere, v  R 3
= 51N
3
3. (b) Interatomic force constant Small decrease in volume,
= Y × inter atomic distance
4 
= 2 × 1011 × 2.8 × 10–10 dv  d  R 3   4R 2dR
= 2 × 2.8 × 10 = 56N/m 3 

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Bulk modulus, B
l 1%
  2.5%
dp Mg Mg dR Mg l 0.4
B     
vd A dR R 3 AB Option B is correct.
3 A
v 2
4R dR R 12. (a) Choice A is correct as note need not be
4 3 grammatically correct, it must communicate
R a detail in general. Choice B is wrong as it
3
does not have follow grammar. Choice C is
Hence, fractional decrease in radius of wrong as it need give details Choice D is
Mg wrong.
sphere is . 13. (b) Take a small section dy at distance y from
3 AB
top as shown in figure. Let area of rope be A
10. (b) A small differential element dx at distance x
from the bottom of chord Stress due to this section Ag y / A  d y

M Strain on section y l / y

Force acting on this element  xg Using Stress = Y \times Strain
L
If extension in this element is dl
Then
dy
dl f Mg
  x L
dx Ay LAy

l Mg l
 dl   xdx
0 LAy 0

l g L
2  g y  Y   l   y y
MgL Mgl y y 0
l 
2LAy 2Ay
If density is then, gL2
 l  .
2Y
m gL2 14. (c) Let the angle made with horizontal after
 so,  
AL 2y sagging be  . Thus, change in length,
Hence option B is the correct answer. l  2l sec   2l
11. (b) Poisson's ratio, l l
A B
d d l d d 
0.4    .......(1)
l l l 0.4 x

d 2
A  r 2 
4 m
Taking log both sides: W
 Also, given, x  l tan 
log A  log    2log d Thus, we have
4
Taking relative change both the sides: x2 2 2 2 x2
 tan   1  sec , sec   1 
A d l2 l2
2
A d
x2
We get, sec   1 
d 1 A 1 l2
   2%  1%.......(1)
d 2 A 2 since x l is very small, we can se binomial
From equation (1) and (2), the percentage
increase length can be given as: x2
expansion to get, sec   1 
2l 2

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Thus, we have strain Shearing stress  0.5  103 Nm 2 .
l 2l sec   2l x2 19. (b) Let the length of tube be L now balancing the
   sec   1  2 excess pressure force and maximum force
2l 2l 2l
that tube and wear let p be the excess
l F pressure
15. (c)  .....(1)
l AY
pL 2r  max 2L r
l1  l T l l T max r
Thus,  1 and 2  2 p
l AY l AY r
....(2) 20. (c) Since it is pulled on a smooth surface from
Solve the 2 equations to get, one end only, thus there wll be no longation,
T1l as force will cause its displacement and not
AY  giving T2l (l1 l )  T1l (l 2  l ) extension.
l1  l
21. (a) Young's modulus of a material is given by:
T2l1 T1l 2 FL
or l YY =

T2  T1 A L

dP FL
16. (c) We know that K  V  ........(i )
dV r 2l
Also as mass remains constant we have In the second case, young's modulus remains
the same.
dV d
 F L 
V  Hence, Y 
Thus we get A L 
dP 2F  2L FL
K    2  .........(ii )
d   2r   L  r 2 L 
Here dP  P From (i) & (ii), L    .
P
Thus we get d   
K 22.(a) l1 = l 2 cos30°
1 2
17. (b) Potential energy of spring  kx T1 1A1l1 l 2
2 Also, =  A l l
T2 2 2 2 1
Po tential energy w hen spring is 2cm
stretched T1 A1 l1 l 2
 T2 = A l l
1 2 2 2 1
k  2   2k  U

2 = (4) . (Cos30°) (Cos30°)
Potential energy when stretched by 10cm,  3 2
  3
1 2 = 4  2  = 4× = 3
U '  k 10   50k  25U .   4
2
23. (c). Using Hook'e law
18. (c) Depth of river  10m
FL
Speed of water  5m s Y  where K= constant
A L
  10 3
L 50
Shearing stress For wire A : D 2  (0.05)2  20000
dV  dV 
 AF     velocity gradient  L 100
dx  dx  For wire B : D 2  (0.1)2  10000
5
 10 3  Nm 2
10
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L 200 F
For wire C :   5000 L  L 
D 2 (0.2)2 k

L 300 4
For wire D :   3333.33 For first condition a  L  .......(i )
D 2
(0.3)2 k
Thus wire A has the largest extension. 5
For second condition b  L  .......(ii )
T k
24. (b) T  Kx  x  By solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
K
1
1 1 T2 T2 L  5a  4b and k 
 Kx 2  xK  2  b a
2 2 K 2K
Now, when the longitudinal tension is 9N.
Hence, Option C is correct answer.
length of the string.
25. (b) Forces acting on the mass are the tension
T and the weight W. At the lowest point, 9
L  5a  4b  9 b  a 
mv2 k
TW or T = W + mr2
r  5b  4a .

 v  r = 6.5 × 9.8 + 6.5 × 0.60 × (2)2 28. (a) The stretching force F 
YA l
= 63.7 + 15.6 = 79.3 N we have, l
where Y = Young's modulus, A = Area of cross-
TL TL 79.3  0.60 section of wire, l = actual length of wire,
Y = 
A Ay 0.05  10 4  2  1011
l  increase in length.
= 475.8  107 m 4.75 ×10–5 m  4 × 10–5m Y r 2 l
F 
26. (d) According to the formula of Young's Modulus l
As the material is same Y does not change.
FL
E  r21l1
A.L
F1 l
Where L is the extension in the spring  1
F2 r22 l 2
EA.L l2
E .........(1)
L
Here l1  1mm
Now, according to Hooke's law
l 2  1mm
f  k L ........(2)
where k is the spring constant 1
l2  l1
By comparing (1) and (2) 2
EA L r2  2r1
k L 
L r12  1mm
EA F1 l
k  2 1
L F2 41  1mm
1
m l1
Time period, T  2 2
k F1 1

ML F2 8
T  2 . The work done in stretching wire by amount
EA
27. (b) Let L is the original length of the wire and 1
k is force constant of wire. l is W  F l
2
Final length = initial length + elongation

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So the total elongation of the whole rod is
W1 F1 1
Hence  
W2 F2 8 L 2 2
1  L  x 2  dx
0 2YA 
As F1 2
L
F2  2  16 2  2 x3  1 2L3 1 m 2 L2
 L x     .
Hence the correct option is (A). 2YA  3  0 3 YA 3 YA
29.(c) The situation is as shown in the figure. For
vertical equilibrium of stone

31. (b) Let increase in length be l

Let decrease in length be r
Final volume  (r  r )2 .(l  l )
mg
T cos   mg or T  .......(i )
 (r 2  2r r  r 2 )(l  l )
cos 
T L  r 2l  r 2 l  2r rl
As Y 
A L (The rest of the products of  r and\ l can
T L be neglected)
 L  [Using (i)]
AL v  initial volume-final volume
mgL 4mgL v  r 2 l  2r rl
 
cos (D )Y D 2Y cos 
2
v
Volumetric strain 
30. (c) Consider a small element of length dx at a v
distance x from the axis of rotation Mass of
v r 2 l 2r rl
m  
the element, dm  dx  dx v r 2l r 2l
L
v l  2r l 
m  1  
where  v l  r l 
L
The centripetal force acting on the element v F
 1  2  .
is dT  dm 2 x  2 xdx v AY
As this force is provided by tension in the rod 32. (a) Tension in rod at a distance x from right edge
(due to elasticity), so the tension in therod at is
a distance x from the axis of rotation will be x

due to the cetripetal force due to all elements T  F 2  2 
 L
between x  x to x  L
L T 2F
L 2 2 Net extension in rod  0 dx  L.
T  x 2 xdx 
L  x 2  .......(i ) 4A YA
2 
Let dl be increase in length of the element.
Then
M
T A 33. (b) Tx = xa
Y  L
dl dx
Tx dl
Tdx 2 2  = .
dl   L  x 2  dx [Using (i)] A dx
YA 2YA 

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(Tx )  x
 dl = A dx F0 1   dx
Tdx  
d     A S 
2 AY SY
1 1 Tx
 dU = (Tx.dl) = dx
2 2 A  x
F0 1   dx
   F
M 
2
    0
 a  2 2 2 2 L 0 SY 2SY
dU =  L  x dx =  A a 2
x dx
 2A Option C is correct answer.
2A 0

2 A2a 2 3 L
2 Aa 2L3 35. (a) Here strain =1, stress  x N m 2
= x  UT =
6A  0 6
stress
young modulus y   x N m2 .
l strain
dP
34. (c) F0 36. (a) B   V
dV
P0 (n  1)V
Since, the area of cross section is S and V  or V ' v
B
young's modulus is Y.
Hook's Law: P0 (n  1)V  P (n  1) 
=  or, v '  V 1  0 
  YE B  B 
 F
E   m m 
Y AY Now  '   
V'  P (n  1)   P0 (n  1) 
  stress V 1  0  1  
 B   B 
Y  Young's modulus.
E  Strain B
AS =  B  P (n  1)
0

37. (b) The situation is as shown in the figure. A

x
C A force of 100g acts on farther face of cube as
B C A
F0 T F0 shown, due to which shear will develop.
dx
Let, total mass = m
 mass per unit length  m 
100kg
x
M 
mass of section AC   
  
x
m 
F0  T   
   F A

 force euqation on AC. xl
F0
a for whole AB. Fl 100  10  l
m x 
A l 2  25  109
 x
or  F0 1   x  4  107 m .
 
38. (c) From the free-body diagram of the elevator,
for small element ‘dx’
T  mg  ma

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MODULE - 8 (Medical) (CLASS – XII) PHYSICS
T  m g  a  2 2
Fl l l r  1  2
42. (c)  L  ;  1   2       1 :1 .
T m g  a  YA l 2 l2  r1  2  1 
Stress in cable is   
A a F
43. (c) = 106
 max A
From the given condition,   F = 106A
2 
 mg = 106A
m g  a  max   (AL)g = 106A

A 2
106 106
 L = = = 25 m.
2  109 104 g 4(103 )(10)
g a    50
2 2  103
F A
Thus, a  10  50 or a  40 m s 2 44. (b) Y  l l

l F

l YA
lc F F
  .......(i )
lc Yc Ac Yc  rc 2
39. (d) Since:
10 m column of water exerts nearly 1 ls F F
atmosphere pressure. So, 100 m column of   .......(ii )
ls Ys As Ys  rs 2
water exerts nearly 10 atmosphere pressure.
Dividing (i) by (ii)
i.e., 10  105 Pa or Pa.
2 2 2
 P V
106  100 lc lc Ys rs  Y r  1
Now, K   Pa  109 Pa.  2
 s   s    2   
V 0.1 l s l s Yc rc  Yc  rc  2
40. (b) Young's Modulus of elasticity =stress/strain
lc lc 1
 
F a Fl ls l s 2
Y  or Y 
l l a l
 ls ls  2lc lc  2%
Fl Fl
or l   2 FL
aY r Y 45. (c) l 
AE
1
In the given problem, l  Fc L F .L
r2   i or 3Fc  Fi
A.Ec A.3Ec
When both l and r are doubled, l is halved.
Thus, 3Wc  Wi .
41. (c) Given, Y  10 4 N m 2 , A  2cm 2  2  10 4 m 2 46. (a) W  kx  9k
Spring constant is inversely proportional to
F  2  105 dyne  2N length Initial length=60cm
FL k1l1  k2l 2
 Initial length I 
AY
k 60  k1 20
2 L
 L k1  3k
2  10 4  10 4
k 60  k2 40
 Final length = Initial length + Increment
= 2L. 3
k2  k
2

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Now extension in both sittings is same
M
9  T  2 .
W  k1  k 2  x  kx  9k L
2
x  2cm .
47. (b) W  kx  9k ...(1)
Spring constant is inversely proportional to
length Initial length=60cm
k1l1  k2l 2 a b
2. (b) tan = y = y  l
k 60  k1 20
k1  3k ....(2) al
 ay +al = yb  y=
k 60  k2 40 b –a
r a a (x + y )
3 Also, tan = x  y = y  r =
k2 
k ...(3) y
2
Now extension in both sittings is same  al 
a x + 
9  b –a (xb – xa + al )
W  k1  k 2  x  kx  9k  r = al =
2 l
b –a
x  2cm .
x (b– a)
r = +a
Section-B l

(Assertion and Reason Type) (b– a)

dr = dx
l
1 (c) Conceptual
2. (b) Conceptual Fl
  =
3. (a) Conceptual Adl
4. (a) Conceptual
5. (b) Conceptual Fdx F dx
 dl = dA =  . 2
6. (c) Conceptual r
7. (a) Conceptual [  l = dx for eliment)
F ldr
Section-C = r 2 (b – a)
(Takshila Challengers)
l' b
F l dr
F dl =  (b – a)  2
1. (d) Modulus of rigidity   0 a r
A
here, A  L2 Fl 1 1 
=(b – a )  – 
a b 
x
and   for small 
L Fl (b – a) Fl
l ' = (b – a ) = ab
 Restoring force  F  A ab

F L F /S FL
or acceleration, a   x equation (1) 3. (d) Y  L 
m M L / L SY
 a  ( x ) FL
 LT   L  LT 
SY
 Time period, T  2 x a
F  SYT

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 5 HintsElectrostatics
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MODULE - 8 (Medical) (CLASS – XII) PHYSICS
The ring is pressing the wheel from both
1 Mg  1
sides, =    A  L = mg
2 A L 2
F  t  2F  2YST
F V
4. (a) Stearing Strain =
Stress 2. (d) Y
A
 V  A So   A

TA YA 2 
1800 / 25 10 –4 18 F 
= 6 = 25(2.4)  V
2.4 10
2 2
x F1  A1  F  A  1
    

l
= 0.3 F2  A 2  F2  3A  9
 x = 0.3 (l) = 0.3 (0.05) F2 = 9F
= 0.015m = 15mm
P V 3R
3. (c) B , 
w v V R
F  w1 
5. (b) Stress = = 4 v
Area S
P R P
Kx l Kx A B
3R
   P  P 
6. (c) =  =
 R 38
A l l l
R
A
 K' =  F
l 4. (c) 
 AY
K' = force constant of string
I1  I T1 I2  I T2
1 1 1 Thus,  and 
 = + I AY I AY
kq k k'
Solve the 2 equations to get,
1 1 l A  kl T11
= +A = KA AY  , giving T (I – I) = T I(I – I)
kq k I1  1 2 1 1 2

KA
 kq = T2I1  T1I2
A  kl or I
T2  T1
m m(A  kl ) 5. (a) For equilibrium
 T = 2 = 2 Weight = Tension
k kA
mg = T
7. (a) F = 900(g+a) = 900 (9.8 +2.2) = 10800
 T =  4  3.1  12.4Na (as can be
F l inferred from the question)
 = = stress
A l
T /A
Y
10800 3 8 1/1
 = 10
r 2 
2
10800  2 
12.4 /   
 r2 = = 0.000036  1000 
3 108
= 0.031
 r = 0.006m = 6mm / 20
1000
Section-D
2
(Previous Years) 12.4  20  1000  1000 
= = 2  1012 N / m2
 Mg 4  0.031
1. (c) Strain = , stress =
L A
1
Energy =  stress  strain  volume
2
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Y
Fl MgL ALgL gL2
6. (c)  L   
al 2AY 2AY 2Y
in the given problem , Y, 1 and 1 are 12. (d) Let T be the tension in the ring, then
constants.
T.2r T
F  a Y 
A.2(R  r) A(R  r)
2 F1 r12 1
or F  r2 or F  r or   YA(R  r)
F2 r22 4  T
r
7. (b) The elastic potential energy stored per unit
volume in stretched wire is FL
13. (b) Young’s modulus of a rope , Y 
2 A
1 stress 
u  stress  strain  Given , L = 10 , A = r 2  (1)2  
2 2Y
Y  20  1011 dyne cm 2   1cm
 stress 
 Y  
 strain  Y.A. 20  1011    1
F 
L 10  102
2fL 2fL
8. (c) Total extention = x1 + x2 = 
AY 3AY F  6.28  10 9 dyne

6FL  2FL 8FL F  6.28  104 N

= 
3AY 3AY dP
9. (d) We know that 14. (d) B  V
dV
Bulk modulus (B) = Normal stress / Bulk
stress pV pV
Thus, V  or V ' V  
Normal strain / volume strain B B
p
p or, V '  v(1  )
B B
2
 v 
  m m 
 v  '   
V'   
2 Now, V(1  ) 1  
 v    B
where, volume strain =   given
 v  15. (c) 160 kg - wt
2
 v 
So,  B   P 2m1m2 2 1 2 40
 v  16. (b) T  g =  10N = N
2
m1  m2 1 2 3
 v 
P  B  If r is the minimum radius, then breaking
 v 
10. (b) We know that, 40
Relation between Y and G stress = 3
r 2
T Y
Y  2G(1  )  G  G
2 1    3 40 40 1 1
   106  r 2  or r  m
11. (a) Mass of the rope = Volume × density = AL 3r2 3 106 10 3
The weigth acts through the midpoint of the 1
 r  103 mm  1mm
rope. 103
Mg wl 3 1
MgL 17. (c) We δ  or δ 
Y  A  4Ybd 3 Y
L 2  AL 
L /2

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 5 HintsElectrostatics
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MODULE - 8 (Medical) (CLASS – XII) PHYSICS

EXEPLANATION
h1 2
CHAPTER-2 2. (a) 1gh1 + P0 = 2gh2 +P0  h2 = 1
=3

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUID 4. (d) 0 (A(l+d))g + P0 = P0 + l .gl

l .l 103 (135)
-1 0 = = = 9×102 = 900 kg/m3
ld (135  15)
1. (d) Factual 5. (b) It is due to Pascal's law.
2. (b) Pointed ends have very small area therefore F1 F2
6. (c) A1
= A 2 [Due to pascal’s law]
transmits a large pressure.
F 70g 350 F 1400g
3. (d) P= = 2(15 10 –4 ) = ×104 = 2.33 ×105 2 =
A 15 (8) (24)2
4. (c) Absolute pressure: It uses absolute zero
 8 2
pressure in vacuum) as its zero point. Gauge F = 1400g   = 1525 N
 24 
pressure: It uses atmospheric pressure as
7.(d) w (0.6V)g = mg
its zero point. Therefore, Absolute pressure
= Atmospheric pressure + Gauge pressure m = w (0.6v)

V1 3 Now, 0 (0.4V)g = mg = w (0.6V)g

5. (c) V2 = 2 0.6 3
0 = w =
1V1 +2V2 = m (V1+V2) 0.4 2
1V1 2V2 2(3k) (2k) 8k 8 -3
m = V1  V2 = = =
3k  2k 5k 5
-2  A 3L  A L  A 
1. (c) d  .  g +2d  .  g = D  .L  g
 5 4  5 4 5 
1. (c) Pressure at bottom must be identical from 3d d
+ =D
both limbs 4 2

P0 + 1 g(5) + 2 g (h1–5) = 2 gh2 +P0 5

D= d
4
4(5)g + 1(h1–5)g = 1h2g
2.(c) As we know due to acceleration in forward
20 + h1 – 5 = h2 direction, vessel is an accelerated frame.
h2 –h1 = 15 ......(1) Thus, a pseudo force will be exerted in
Also, backward direction . Therefore, water will be
displaced in backward direction.
(h1–5) + h2 = 40 3. (d) l deccrease as the blcok moves up H will also
h1 + h2 = 45 ......(2) decrease because when the coin in the water
(1) + (2) it will displace equal volume of water,
whereas when it is on the block an equal
2h2 = 60 weight of water is displaced.
h2 = 30
1 1
h1 = 30–15 = 15 cm 4. (b) Pg = Lg & Pa = La
2 2
h2 30 2 1
= = P = Pg + Pa = (a  g)
h1 15 1 2
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-4
V2 =
 h
2 2 1h1
g
1
1. (d) In the streamiline flow
V1 = constant, V2 = constant, V3 = cosntant  
V= 2g  2 h2  h1 
V1  V2  V3 1 
2. (a) Volume in = voulume out dm d
8(A) = 6(0.8A) + V(3A) 2. (a) F=v =v ( Ax) = V2 A
dt dt
8 = 4.8 +3V m = V2 A
3.2  ( A' h) = (2gh) A
V=  1.1 m/s
3 A
3.(b) In g en eral , Be rn oul li s th eo re m is a  = 2g
A'
consequence of conservation of energy per
unit volume between two points in a liquid V h
flow. and  does not depend upon h.
1 1 1
4. (b) gh = V 2 3. (a) P0 + gh +  V12 = P0 + V22
2 2 2
2
V= 2gh = 2(10)(0.1) = 2 = 1.4m/s 1  A 2  1
gh +  V2  = V22
5. (b) A 1V = A 0V 2  A1  2
A1   2 
V= A V   A2  
0
2gh = 1 –  A   V22
  1 
1 1
Now,  gh +  V2 =  V2
2 2 2gh = (1–0.01) V22

1  A 2 2gh
g (2) +  1  V2 = 1 V 2 V22 = = 50
2 A  2 0.99
 0
4. (b) F = ( gh) = 900×(10) (0.4) (2×10–3) = 7.2 N
  2 
  A1  
V2 1 –  A   = 4g 1
 V2
  0  5. (a) P1 + = P2 +
2
  1 2 
  1
V 1 –  4   = 4g
2  V2 = P1–P2 = (5.5 –5) 105
    2

4(10) 2 1000 2
V = 50×103
V2 = (15) 16 = 4×16× 2
3
V = 10 m/s
2
V = 2×4 = 6.53 m/s 2(H – h1 )
3
6. (a) V1 = 2gh1 ; t1 = g
-5
2(H – h2 )
1 V2 = 2gh2 ; t2 =
g
1. (c) P0 +2 gh2 + 1 gh1 = P0 + 1 V2
2
V1 t1 = V2t2
1
(2 h2 +1 h1)g =  V2  2(H – h1 )   2(H – h2 ) 
2 1 2gh1   = 2gh2  
g  g 
   
h1(H–h1) = h2(H–h2)

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MODULE - 8 (Medical) (CLASS – XII) PHYSICS
Hh1 – h12 = h2H – h22 Comparing with the above equation of V,
So on comparing we get the value of Q = 1/8
2
h 2 – h12  = (h 2
– h 1) H
8l 8l
h2 + h1 = H 3. (d) R1 = r 4 , R2 = r 4
1 2
7. (b) mg (h+ h' ) =  (V)g (h) For parallel contionation
 Vg(h+ h' ) =  Vgh
1 1 1
h R eq = R1 + R 2
h + h' = 
r 4 r14 r24
  = +
8l ' 8l 8l
h' =  – 1 h
 
 
 r 4  r 4 1/4
8. (d) R = vt
r4
=
r14  r24  1
 r= 
2  
l '
l' l  l 
2R = (2v)t 
N
V2 mg m
Also, V = 2gh  2g =h  NS 
4. (c) V  r as,  2 .m =
m  S
2V = 2g(4h) 5. (d) VT r2
1 2
V1  R 2
P0 + P +gh = P0 + (2v)   =4
2 V2 =  
 R /2 
1 4 3 
P = (2v)2 – gh 4 3
2 6. (c) 2  r  = R
3  3
1 v2 v2 R3 = 2r3  R = (2)1/3r
(4v2 ) – g
= = 2 v2 – 2
2 2g VT = Kr 2

2 2/3 2
3 1 2  V ' T = KR = K (2) r
P =  V2 = 3   v  = 3( gh)
2 2  V' T = 2
2/3
VT
P = 3(10 (10) (10) ) = 3×105
3
-7
P = 3 atm
-6 Force MLT 2
1. (d) Suface tension =   MT 2 
length L
1.(b) The energy that is caused by increased
unti of S.T can be N/m, J/m2 and kg/s2
temperature makes the molecules move at
choice (d) is correct.
a faster rate to a level where they overcome
2. (a) 2T (l) = Fnet
the bonds or the binding forces of the
2 (T) (0.1) = 2×10–2
molecules. This makes the liquid more fluid
T = 0.1 N/m
decreasing its viscosity.
3. (b) decreases
2. (b) The r be the radiu, L be the length and P is
4. (c) w = T(R 2 )
the pressure differnce. Generally the Q is
2
represented as rate of flow of liquid but here w ' = T((2R) ) = 4(TR 2 ) = 4w
5. (c) infinity
Qpr 4
it is taken as V, Therefore V = 2T cos 1
l 6. (a) h=  h
gr r
As fro now V = Q
Now using the Poiseuille equation for the rate  r1   r
of flow of liquid. h2=  r  1  r / 3  1=316.0cm
 2   
Which is V =  Pr 4 / 8 l 
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-8 F 20g
3. (b) A1
+gh = A
2
1.(d) With acute angle, of contact, liquid will rise
in capillary. F 200
 + 750 (10) (1.5) =
2.(a) p1  p2 for  90  .35  2
 0.1 2
   
 2   2 
2
F
O  +11250 = 25465
0.06
O 1
 F = 14215 (0.096) = 1364 N = 1.3×103N
O
V l
4. (b) Vc g = VSl g  Vc g = l g  C =
2 2

d 2 d 2
Also, C ( (2l –2t))g = l ( .y)g
4 4
2S  C (2l –2t) = l y = 2C y
3.(d) Since h = Rg
dy
Inarticial satellite, there is a state of  y = (l – t)  = –1cm/s
dt
weightlessness g = 0
h =  But there will be no overflowing of water m
5. (b) Low density  High volume as, V =
in tube and water stands up to maxmium s
height in tube avilable with new surface of So, buoyant force due to air will be more on
hight radius of curvature. higher volume substance
4.(c) The meniscus of liquid in a capillary tube
6. (c) There is no atmorphere on moon , so,
will be convex upwards if the angle of contact
is obtuse. It is so when one end of a glass barometric reading is zero.
capillary tube is immersed in a trough of 20
mercury. 7. (a) l Vg = 20  V =
g l

5.(b) Water rises upto upper end and forms a 20

spherical surface. Also, B Vg = 60  B  g g = 60
l

6.(b) Angle of contant woll be 90°. B

 =3  B = 3l = 3grm/cm3
l

7.(c) 8. (b) P ' V = P0(2V)

P ' = 2P0 = 2( gH)
  g H' = 2 gH  H' = 2H
when water is in contact with glass plate first
they are in adhesive bonding with each other V
9. (a) W Vg = l . g
due to which they try to repeal each other 3
due to which we found a concave outward
l
shape. W =
3
LEVEL - I  l Vg = W Vg + Mg

Topic 1: Pressure & Pascal’s Law  (l –W )Vg = Mg

1. (d) Both points A & B are at atmospheric  2l  2
 M =   V = (3 )V
pressure so, PA = PB = P0  3  3 W

2. (a) Pressure at the bottom throughout is same = 2 (6) = 12kg. [as W V = 6kg]

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MODULE - 8 (Medical) (CLASS – XII) PHYSICS
10. (a) M V = 0.21 ........ (1)
W V = (0.21 – 0.12) = 0.03 ...........(2)
19. (b)
X V = (0.21 –0.12) = 0.09 ..........(3)
Lines of flow do not interact each other
M 0.21
(1)  (2)   = =7 20. (b) As per the continuity equation, Av=constant.
W 0.03 As the cross-sectional area remains same
 M = 7 W = 7g/cm3 we get vA= vB.
And as point B is at the lower level, by
M 0.21 7 Bernoulli's theorem
(1)  (3)   = =
X 0.09 3
1 2 1
7 PB  v  PA  h  v 2
 X = ( ) = 3 g/cm3 2 2
3 M
hence PB > PA
Topic 2: Applications of Archimedes Principle &
Streamline flow Topic 3 : Bernoullis Principle

11. (d) Volumetric flow at steadystate is constant 21. (b) dF = P (dA) = ( gx) ( dx)
h
such that speed increases for smaller area
& decreases for larger area. dF =  gxdx 0

12. (a) AAVA = ABVB

gh2
2 Fnet =
VA VB 10  2
= =   = 4
VB VA 5  22. (c) Magnus effect is very neart to the Bernoulli’s
13. (a) A r12 V1 =  r22 V2 theorem

2
1
V1  r2  23. (b) P0 + dg(h0 –h1) = P0 + dv2
  2
V2  r1 
1
14. (b) For an incompressible liquid equation of dv2 = dg (h0–h1)
2
continuity Av=constant
v = 2g(h0 – h1 )
1
or A  1 1
v 24. (b) ( 0+gh)+  Vx2 = P0 + g (h –0.51) +  Vy2
2 2
Therefore at the wider end speed will be low
and at the narrow end speed will be hgih. 1 1
 Vy2 =  Vx2 +  g (0.51)
2 2
0.15
15. (b) (18×10–4) = (40×10–8) V Vy2 = Vx2 + 2g (0.51)
60
15 (8)2 10 –6 = 22 + 2(980) (0.51)
V= = = 5 m/s
60 40 10 –8 = 4 + 999.6
16. (d) PA = PC  sghA = sghC
Vy2 = 1003.6
hA = hC
17. (d) VA (2R)2 = VB1R2 Vy1 = 31.68 cm/s
4VA = VB
VB = 4V 25. (a) V = 2gh = 2(10)(5) = 10m/s
1.2 Volume flow rate = VA = 10(10–4)
18. (b) (6×10–4) = 50((0.5×10–3)2)V
60
= 10–3 m3/s
12×10–6 = 50 (0.25×10–6)V
V = 0.31 m/s

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26. (a) (PB –PU)A = mg d
4 (x(h–x)) = 0
mg 3 10 (10) dx
P = = = 2500 Pa
A 120  h–x + x(–1) = 0
= 2.5 kPa h
 h –2x = 0  x =
27. (a) Af 4°C  water has maximum density 2
m H 3h /2 3h
V=  when s max  volume is min  For max range, x = = = .
s 2 2 2
So, At 1°C density decriases & So, volume 3h
increases & thus, water level rise. i.e; hole 2 is at height from bottom
2
28. (c) The thrust due to any liquid at the bottom of
the vessel is only a function of its base area. 33. (b) F = V2 A
Since, in the given figure, both the vessels Fnet =  A ( V12 – V22 ) =  A (2g (H+h) –2gh)
have the same base area therefore, they will
have an equal thrust due to liquid. Fnet =  A (2gh)  Fh
Hence, the ratio of the thrusts is equal to 34. (d) As according to Bernoulli's principle, an ideal
1:1 fluid has stream line flow in a tube of non-
29. (a) s .Vg –l Vg = N = Apparent wt uniform cross section then the sum of
pressu re e ne rg y, ki ne ti c en ergy and
N = (s –l ) Vg = (7–1) Vg = 6 (5×5×5) gmwt.
potential energy at any cross-section per unit
30. (b) mg (h+ h' ) = (dVg)h
volume is constant.
Dvg (h+ h' ) = dVgh
1 1
(D – d)h d  35. (d) P +  V2 = P1 +  (2V)2
Dh +D h' = dh  h' = – =  – 1 h 2 2
D D 
1 1
1 P1 = P –  (4V2) +  V2
31. (a) P0 +  gH = P0 +  Vr2 2 2
2
3
Vr = 2gH P1 = P –  V2
2
1 1 2 Topic - 4 Viscosity and Stoke’s Law
Now,  gh +  Vr2 = V
2 2 x
36. (b) F = 6rVt = mg
1 2
  gh +  gH = V 4 3 
2 x
 r  g
 6rVt = 3 
3 
 VX = 2g H  h
 Vt = K1r2
2 2
Also, (r )Vr = x (Vx)  Vtr2
r2 2gH = x2 2g H  h 37. (c) mg –Fb –Fv = ma
 Vg – lVg –Kv =  Va
 H 1/4
x = r   l k
H  h   g (1–  –V v) = a
32. (b) V = 2gx dv
 l k  = gdt
2(h – x) 1 –  – v v 
 
t= g  
v
   
2(h – x)
v ln 1 – l – k v  = gt
2gx  –    V  
 d= x.t = = 2 x(h – x) k  0
g
For, d to be max:-

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 l k 
1 – – v 1 V1 r2
  V  kg V = V  r

 ln 
 r 2 1
1 –
l  = e–V t
  
  1
40. (c) V 
r
 k 
1 – v
 V  kg r1 r1 V1
  t V2 = r V1 = 2r V1 =
 l  = e– 2
 1 –   V 2 1
  
nv 4r
 V = K1 (1– e – k t)
11 41. (c) =  n=4
v r
For t = 0  v = 0
42. (a) F = 6 rv =  –L  Vg
t = 0  v = K'
Also, v = K' (1– e – k t ) 11 4
3
= –L  r g  V  r2
3
dv 11 –k11t
= K ' –K e    a = +K 11 – k11t
e 4 4 3 
dt R 3 = 2 
 r 
43. (a)
For, t = 0  a = + –K11 3 3 

t=  a=0 R
R3 = 2r3  = (2)1/3
38. (a,d) 2 1 ; 2 1 ; 1 1 r
Also, V  R2
1 1 2 2
R2
2
2r 1 – 2  g 2 V1 = V = (2)2/3V = 41/3V
2r 2 – 1 g r2
VP = 92
; VQ =
91 = 41/3 (5) cm/s
44. (b) The former effect causes a decrease in the
VP 1 – 2   shear stress while the latter causes it to
=  1 ......... (A)
VQ 2 – 1   increase. The result is that liquids show a
 2
VP.VQ < 0 reduction in viscosity with increasing
For Q T +Fb = w temperature. With high temperatures,
viscosity increases in gases and decreases
3
4  3
4  in liquids, the drag force will do the same.
 r  g = 2  r  g ......(1)
 T + 2 
3  3  45. (c) That is true. The temperature dependence
of liquid viscosity is the phenomenon by
4 3  4 3  which liquid viscosity tends to decrease (ore,
For P  T + 1  r  g = 1  r  g .......(2)
3  3  alternatively, its fluidity tends to increase)
(1) – (2) as its temperature increase.
46. (b) The viscosity of liquid is inversely proporional
 (2 –1 ) 4r 3 g = (2 – 1 ) 4r 3 g
3 3 to the square of the temperature, therefore
as w e in crease the te mperature, the
 2 –1 = 2 – 1
viscosity of liquids will decrease. Similarly,
In eq. (A) :-
the viscosity of gases is linearly proportional
VP 2 –1 1 VP 1
to the tempe ratu re . he nce as the
VQ = 2 – 1 2  VQ = 2
temperature increases, the viscosity will
2
2 r (–l ) increase
39. (c) V = g
9 
Topic 5: Surface Tension
 
  47. (c) mg = w +T (2 r cos )
 m 
  = w + 2r Tcos
V  r2 ( ) V  r2  4r 3 
3 
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48. (d) 2 T 'sin/2 = (2R )T 2
 (2 – ) R 3 g = T(2R)
 2 T '/2 = 2R T [ is small] 3
 (2 – ) R2g = 3T
T' = 2RT
49. (d) geff = 0 (in setellite) 3T
So, tube will be filled full  R= (2– )g
2T cos 2T cos
50. (d) wehear H = rg 53. (a) h = when  = 90°  h = 0
gr
2T cos 54. (c) The liquid which wets the wall of tube rises
H = r g .......(1) in the tube and the liquid which does not wet
2
the wall of the tube descends in the tube.
2T cos For example, when a glass capillary tube is
H+h = r1g
.........(2) dipped in water, water rises in the tube and
(2) – (1) the shape of water meniscus in concave,
similarly when a glass capillary tube is
2T cos  1 1  dipped into mercury; mercury descends in
 h= g r – r  the tube and shape of mercury meniscus is
1 2
convex.
For,  = 0
55. (a) Radius of curvature of common surface
2T r – r 
 2 1 1 1 1
 h=  rr  56. (a) R  R  R
g  12  1 2

ghr1r2 Where R1 = R2 = r
T= 2 r –r
 2 1 1 1 1
51. (b) R3 = nr3 or    0  R = Infinite
R r r
A = n4r2 – 4R2 = 4(nr2 – R2)
2T cos 2(0.06)(1)
 nr 3  R3  57. (b) h = gr
= 10 (10)(15 10 –4 )
3
2 2
= 4  r – R  = 4  r – R 
    = 0.024 m = 2.4cm
R  4 4
 – 1
A = 4R2  58. (d) R3 = 1000 r 3
r  3 3
Now work done, w = T A R3 = (10r)3  r = R/10
3
R  4 D  4 3
W = 4R T  – 1 ............. (1)
2 59. (a)   = (27) r
r  3 2 3
Now, Heat requived to raise the temperatur  D 3 D
  = (3r)3  r=
4 2 6
H = mc  t =  c R3  Q ........(2)
3 2
D 
equatiny equ (1) and (2) A = 4 2  – 27( 4r2 )
 
4 R   D2 27D2 
 – 1
R3 C  Q = 4R2T 
3 r   A = 4 4 – 36 
 
3T 1 1  18D2 
 – 
 t = C 
r R  = 4 36  = 2D2
 

4 2 3
 change in energy = T( A )
52. (a)   R3g =  R  g + T(2 R)
3  3 
= 2TD2

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 5 HintsElectrostatics
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MODULE - 8 (Medical) (CLASS – XII) PHYSICS
60. (c) For, isothermal process: 67. (a) E = T A = 2T (4(2r)2 – 4r2)
PV = P1V1 + P2V2 = 6T (4 r2)
4T  4  4T  4  4T  4  = 24 r2T
 R 3  =  r13  +  r23 
R 3  r1  3  r2  3  68. (b) T(2R) = W

 R2 = r12 + r22 = 32 + 42 W 6.2 10 –4

 T= =
R2 = 52 2R 2(2 10 –3 )

 R = 5 cm = 0.05 = 5×10–2 N/m

4T W 6.2 10 –4
61. (a) P  = ng g(h) 69. (a) R = = = 2×10–3
R 2T 2(5 10 –2 )
4T 70. (d) h1cos = h
3 –3
8 10 –3  = 10 (9.8) (6×10 )
h1
–3 =h
T = 2×10 (58.8) 2
5
N 10 dyne h1 = 2h
= 117.6×10–3 1N
= 117.6 Dyne/cm
m
2T
71. (b) h = gr
2T
62. (d) h = gr
2T h
h1 = g(2r) =
h1 T1 2 60  0.6  9 2
  =
h2 = T2 1 = 50  0.8  10 Now, r2h = M
63. (c) Pin (A) = P0(A) + T (2R) h
 (2r)2 = 2r2h = 2M
2T 2(70 10 –3 ) 2
Pin= P0 + = P0 +
R 10 –3 2T
= 1.01325 × 105 + 140 72. (b) h = rg
= 1.01465 × 105 Pa
2T
64. (d) Surface energy = T (2A)
h1 = g  r  = 2h = 2.4 mm
= T (2 (0.02)) = 5 (0.04) = 0.2 J 2 
65. (a) From the rel atio n, th e wo rk don e in
73.(a) (goff)on moon = g/6
increasing the surface area of a liquid by A
W = T A 1
h g
Here : A = A (at a certain temperature) eff

So, gain in surface energy

g  earth
eff g
= work done W = TA = AT h2 = g moon h1 = g /6 h1
 eff 
4T
66. (b) P1 = r = 6h1
1
2T 2 75 10 –3
 
4T 74. (c) r = gh =
P2 = r 103 (10)(0.03)
2
= 5×10–4 m = 0.5 mm
4T 1 1 4T D = 2r = 1mm
 
P2 – P1 =  4T  r – r  = 75. (c) In free falling lift, water lifts to the whole
R  2 1 R
tube.
1 1 1 r1r2 (4)(5)
 = r –r  R= r –r = = 20 cm
R 2 1 1 2 1

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 MODULE -58 (Medical) (CLASS – XII) PHYSICS HintsElectrostatics
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8. (c) Due to displacement of water in the beaker
LEVEL - II caused by the mass, the mass experiences
1. (a) V1 = 2gy V2 = 2g(4y) = 2 2gy an upward buoyant force, less in magnitude
than the weight of body. Hence the weight
V2 = 2V1 read by balance A is lesser than 2kg.
Now, volume out is same: Also a reaction pair force of the buoyant force
VA A1 = V2A2 on mass acts on water downwards. Hence
 V1L2 = V2R2  V1L2 = 2V1R2 this force(<2kg) adds to the weight of water,
L2 L and the reading of balance B is between 3kg
 R2 = R =
2 2 and 5kg.

8 L dm d
2. (a) Fluid resistance is given by R  9. (b) F=V = V ( Ax) = V2 A
r 4 dt dt
When two capillary tubes of same size are Kx = V2A
joined in parallel, then equivalent fluid V 2A
resistance is x=
k
8L 8  2L  8L  9 10. (c) FV = 6rV = mg –Fb =  Vg – l V g
RS  R1  R2    
R 4   2R  4  R 4  8
4
Rate of flow  6r 2gh = ( – l) r3g
3
P PR 4 8 8  PR 4  2 2
    X asX   3 2gh =( – l) rg
8 L  .
 
RS 8L 9 9  3
3. (b) Pressure inside the surface is always greater 4 4 2
than pressure outside the surface with the  9 2 (2gh) = ( – l)2 rg
9
2S (–l )2
value of
R h = 2 2 r4g
81 
Now if it is divided into eight equal parts then,
1 2 – 1 2
R  
n  3 =    r4g [where, l =1gm/m
r 81  

R 11. (b) dF = (P0 +  gx) (2Rdx) = 2R (P0 +  gx) dx

So, r  1
gh2
n3 F = 2R (P0h +
2
R Also, FT = 2R(T)
So, r  .
2 Fnet = F –FT
5. (c) 10 mm of Hg =  gh. = P02Rh + gh2 R –2RT
  Hg g (10mm) =  W gH = 2P0Rh + gh2 R – 2RT
 13.6 (10mm) = 1H
 H = 136 mm = 13.6 cm
12. (a) PA +FT = P0A
6. (d) F bottom – Ftop = Vg  P(ld) + S (2l) = P0(ld)
F bottom = Vg + Ftop =  Vg +  Vg (R2)
  Pd +2S = P0d

=  g (V +rR2h) 2S
 P = P0 –
7. (a)  Vg –  Vg =  Va d
13. (c) F1 = T (R) F2 = T (2R)
  
a = g –  g = g 1 –  downward F1 
 
F2 = 2

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 5 HintsElectrostatics
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MODULE - 8 (Medical) (CLASS – XII) PHYSICS
14. (a) T(2R) = 75×10–4 (since m  r 2hd )
75 10 –4 r 2h 2dg
 2R = = 12.5×10–2 m Further W  E p 
6 10 –2 2
4T
15. (a) (  P)soap bubble  the part  W  E p  is used in doing work
R
against viscous force and frictional forces
Let radii of two spherical bubbles be r1 & r2 between water and glass surface and appears
respectively. as heat.
Now, as two collapse to form a single.
then,
W  E pr 2h 2dg
So, heat released  .
J 2J
18. (b) The surface energy of a droplet is proportional
 4T  4 3  4T   4 3   4T  4 3
 P   r1   P    r1    P   R to its surface area. After spraying into 1000
 r1  3  r2   3   R 3 droplets, let the radius of each one will be r.
4T 4 4 
 PV   4r12  4r22  4R 2   0 R 3  1000  r 3 
3 3 3 
 3PV  4TS  0 R
r 
Hence, the answer is 3PV  4TS  0 . 10
16. (c) gh  r2  2r  T Therefore, surface area of 1000 drops is:

2T 1000   4r 3   n  4R 3  where n is number

 h  rg of times of original surface area.
Thus, surface area will become
Here T = 70 dyne /cm
r = d /2 =0.1mm = 0.01 cm, 1000  4r 2 
 n times =10 times
  1gm / cc , 4R 2
g  1000cm / s 2 As, E  A Hence, E   10E .
2  70 5
 h=  14cm 19. (a) n  mn  2.5  10 3 m
0.01  1  1000 2
17. (c) When the tube is placed vertically in water,
water rises through height h given by
2T cos  h1
h  h1
dgr
Upward force 2rT cos 
work done by this force in raising water
column through height h is given by 2
r2  mm  10 3 m
 rhdg  2
2 2
W   2rT cos  h   2rh cos      r h dg
 2cos  
T  7  10 2
However, the increase in potential energy
f  103
h
E P of the raised water column  mg g  10
2
where, m is the mass of the raised column of 2TCaQ
water h1 
fgr1
2 2
 hg  r h dg
So, E P   r hd   Q 0
2

 2  2

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 MODULE -58 (Medical) (CLASS – XII) PHYSICS HintsElectrostatics
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2  7  102 23. (d) Here, W  1.5  102 N ,

h1  3
10  10  25  103 1  30cm  30  102 m
h1  56  10 3 m The force due to surface tension will balance
the weight. i.e., F =W
2  7  10 2 A liquid film has two free surfaces.
h2 
103  10  103 W
3
2TL  W or T  2L
h 2  14  10 m .
h2 – h1 = (14– 5– 6) × 10–3 1.5  102
= 8.4 × 10–3 m = 8.4 mm T   0.025m 1
2  30  102
4 Po  32 8 A slider will support the weight when the force
20. (a)  Po  egh    of surface tension acting upwards on the
3 3
slider (2Sl) balances the downward force due
Po  egh  8Po to weight (W).
egh  7Po 4
7P 24. (b)  2rT  sin   R 3 .g
h  o 3
eg
r 4
P 0  105  T  2r  R 3w g
R 3
7  105
h 2 R 4w g
100  10 r2 
3 T
h  70m .
21. (b) Excess pressure across a bubble is inversely
proportional to the radius of the bubble, i.e.  p
is proportional to 1/r. Since the value of r of 2w g
the sub-hemispherical bubble is more than r  R2 3T
. 

that for a hemispherical bubble, the excess

pressure across the bubble at end 2 is less 25. (a) From Berpoulli's theorem
than that at end 1. Hence air from end 1 will
flow toward end 2 resulting in a decrease in 1 1
PA  V A2  gh A  PB  PVB2  gh B
the volume of the bubble at end 1. 2 2
22. (b) We know that h   2T cos   /  rg  Here h A  hB
As radius and content of tube is same. 1
PA  PB   VB2  V A2 
T , r , , g  constant 2
 h  cos   constant V A  0,VB  r 

 h1/ h 2   cos 1  /  cos 2  r 22

PA  PB  h g  h 
Initial height  h1  8cm 2g   21m
As capillary is broken at heigh t 6cm, n  rotation / second
meaning that water will rise to height 6cm 1sec  n rotation
hence h 2  6cm 1sec  21m angle

h1/ h 2   cos 0  /  cos  --initial angle 4 2n 2r 2 22n 2r 2

 0 h  ; h  .
2g g
  8 / 6   1  cos 2  cos 2  3 4 26. (b) Weight of the water displaced = weight of body
height = 6cm & angle  cos 1
 3 4 + additional mass

wVg  Mg (M is the total mass)
or sin
1
 
7 4 .
wV  M  (100  m )

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 5 HintsElectrostatics
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120  P   gh 
V   0.2m 3 v  .
600  0 .6 5 
1000  0.2  (120  m ) 30. (d) Let V be the volume of the block. When
block floats in water, then
m  80kg .
27. (d) Let P1 and P2 be the pressures at the bottom 4 
V block g   V  water g
of the left and right ends of the tube, 5 
respectively.
4
Then F  (P1 P2 )A  ghA or block 
water ...(i)
5
where A is the cross section of the tube.
When block floats in liquid
The mass of the liquid in the horizontal
V block g  V liquid g
portion is m  LA
Now, F  ma or block  liquid
 ghA  LAa 4 4
 liquid water   10 3 kgm 3  800kgm 3
aL 5 5
h  . 31. (c) Now it is given that the right limb cross-
g
sectional area is 4 times that of the left limb.
So, if mercury in the right limb goes up by
x, then the left limb will go down by 4x.
Now equating the pressure at the interface
AB.
We get, (36  4x )  1  g  5x  13.6  g
28. (c) Let dw and d0 be the densities of water and
oil, respectively. Then the pressure at the 36
or , x  or x  0.56
64
bottom of the tank is hw dw g  h0d0 g .
Hence Option C is currect
Let this pressure be equivalent to pressure
due to water of height h. Then,
hdw g  h w d2 g  h 0d0 g

h 0d 0 4  0.9
 h  hw  1
dw 1
 1  3.6  4.6m 32. (d) In first case, the block just touches the spring
According to Toricelli's theorem, i.e . spring has its natural len gth (no
compression) & the block of density  floats in
v  2gh  2  10  4.6m / s  92m / s .
liquid of density 2 , so we have according to
29. (a) Absolute pressure in bulb = Gauge pressure
law of floatation.
+ Atmospheric pressure  P  Pa
weight of the block= weight of water displaced
Using Bernoulli's equation,
a 3 g  x  a 2  2g
2
av
Pa  P  PBC  a
2 x i.e. block is half submerged in first
2
where a is the density of air. case.
 1.3  2 in second case, when the block is completely
 PBC  Pa  P   v
 2  a
PBC  Pa  gh submerged spring is compressed by & block
2
So equating these two values for PBC , we get: and extra weight W are in rest. i.e Net force
is zero

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 MODULE -58 (Medical) (CLASS – XII) PHYSICS HintsElectrostatics
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 net downward force = net upward force i.e., 4.5m of ice will be submerged in water.
 weight of block + extra weight = buoyant So the level of water in the hole will be 5-
force+ spring force 4.5=0.5m below the top of ice and hence the
length of rope required to scoop up water is
a  0.5m.
 a 3g  W  a 3  2g  K  
2 35. (b) Applying Bernoulli's theorem at points 1 and
2, difference in pressure energy between 1
Ka  K and 2 = difference in kinetic energy between
W  a 3g   a  a 2g  
2  2 1 and 2.

Hence, h g  mg  1 v 2
A 2

2mg  mg 
v  2gh   2  gh  
A  A 
33. (d) Let V and d be the volume and density of body
respectively.
Body immersed in water:
Volume of body outside the water is 0.4V
Volume of body inside the water, V1 =0.6V
Let the density of water be dw
Using Archimedes principle, Vdg  V1dw g 1 1
36. (b) P1  V21  0  P2  V22 2  g (3)
2 2
Vdg  (0.6V )dw g ...(i)
4 1
Body immersed in oil :   30  V22  V2  8m / s
Volume of body outside the oil is 0.6V 2 2
Now according to torrlcellis theorem
Volume of body inside the oil, V2=0.4V
Let the density of oil be d0 A1 8
A1V1  A2V2   4 :1
Using Archimedes principle, Vdg  V2do g A2 2
37. (a) By Bernouli's equation-
Vdg  (0.4V )do g ........  2 1
P  8gh  V 2  constant
From (1) and (2), 0.6dw g  0.4do g 2
Applying Bernouli's equation at A and B -
do 0.6 1 1
   1.5 P1 gh  V A2   P1 8   8gh  VB2
dw 0.4 2 2
34. (a) As ice is floating, W  Th , ice V g  V  W . 1 8
 VB2  VS2  
Now if A is the cross section of the block, L 2 
its thickness and out of L, h is inside water, 1
V  AL and V  Ah change in K.E per kg of oil  (1) VB2  V A2
2
8 8
   102 J kg .
 500

Al ice  hAwater
38. (c) Let the depth of water in the barrel be H.
ice  Velocity of water coming out of the barrel
h LK  0.9  5  4.5m
water v  2gH

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 5 HintsElectrostatics
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Also the horizontal range where the water 42. (d) Using the velocity of efflux for the upper hole
we get
2h
strikes the ground R  v 
g h 
v1  2g    gh
2
2h R2
 R  2gH  or R 2  4hH  H  . For the second hole we apply the Bernoulli's
g 4h equation, thus we get
h  1
gh  2g     2  v 22
2 2

v1 1
 v 2  2gh  
v2 2
39. (d) A hole is punched at a height H of table. Let
'd' be the depth of hole.
Pr 4
u: velocity at which water comes out 43. (d) Fow rate q  v  r also q 2  v r 2
8l
From toricells Law, Velocity of water ejecting
out is given by: now v  10 3 m s ,   0.0015N / m 2 ,
u 2  2gd  (2) [d:depth of hole] r  2  106 m
The water stream follows a Horizuntala on solving above equation and putting value
projectile, whose range ‘R’ is given by:
in SI unit we get P  15N / m 2 .
2H
R u  (2)
g 44. (c) Let the depth of water in the barrel be H.
From (1) and (2)  Velocity of water coming out of the barrel
v  2gH
2H R2
R  2gd. d  Also the horizontal range where the water
g 4H
40. (d) Atmospheric pressure Height of the fluid 2h
strikes the ground R  v 
column Acceleration due to gravity g
Density of the liquid.
41. (b) Given, 2h R2
 R  2gH  or R 2  4hH  H  .
4
g 4h
D 
P  
v  2   PD 4 .......(1)
8L 16  8L
Now,
Total flow through smaller pipelines 2
2R     g
4 45. (d) We know that v r 
D  9 
P    4
 4 where  is the coefficient of visocity of the
8    2L liquid

PD 4 2R12      g 2R 22      g
 3  ........  2  vr 1  and v r 2 
4  16  L 9 9
So, from (1) and (2), According to the given problem, v r 1  vr 2
V
flow through smaller pipes  . 2R12      g 2R22      g
8 
9 9

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2R12      g  2R22      g Buoyant force,

4 3
FB  r g .....(2)
R 2
1
11  10 3
 2  10 3 

9 3

3
or R 2
2  8  10
3
 2  10 3  8 2 Where, s is density of water. Viscous force,
F  6rvt ..........(3)
R2 3 R1 3 Where,  is viscosity.
 12  
R2 2 R2 2 From equation (1), (2) and (3)
Hence, the correct answer is option D. w  FB  FV
2
2gr    4 3 4
46. (c) Terminal velocity v  r g  r 3 g  6 rvt
9 3 3
where  and  is the viscosity of liquid and 2 r 2 (  )g
density of material of sphere, respectively vt  .......(4)
9 
v r2
The rate of production of heat when the
Given : r1  R r2  3R sphere attains its terminal velocity is equal
v1 r21 R 1 to work done by the viscous forces.
Thus ratio of velocities  2  2 
v 2 r2 9R 2 9 dQ
W   Fv  v t
 v1  v 2  1: 9 . dt
W  6rv t2
p mv
47. (d) We know, P  F .v and, F  
t t  2 r 2    g  2
W  6r  
mv
2
Vv 2 Alv 2 l 9  
P   v
t t t t dQ
3
 r5
P  Av dt
49. (b) Change in potential energy = change in
m
Also, A   100 angular K.E
l
Radius, r  0.05m
P  v 3 Speed of revolution,
P  100  8  800W . 1 2

48. (a) A small sphere of radius r falls from rest in a   2rev.s 1  mgh  2 m r 
viscous liquid. As a result, heat is produced
2 2
due to viscous force. The rate of production of 2r 2  0.05   2
h    0.02m .
heat when the sphere attains its terminal 2g 10
velocity is proportional to
Let r is the radius of sphere and v t is its Section-B
terminal speed. Then the weight of sphere is Assertion and Reason Type
balanced by the buoyant force and viscous
force such that: 1. (c) conceptual
Weight, 2. (a) conceptual
m 3. (a) conceptual
w  mg  
V 4. (a) conceptual
4 3 5. (a) conceptual
m r g .....(1)
3 6. (a) conceptual
7. (a) conceptual
4
so, w  r 3 8. (c) conceptual
3

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4. (a) Let k be the spring constant of spring and it
Section-C
gets extended by length x 0 in the equilibrium
Takshila Challengers
position. In equilibrium,
1. (a) Since pressure always gets normal to the
Kx 0  FB  Mg
suface therefore the pressure diagram for an
inclined wall is shown in Figure. The base of L
the triangular presure diagram is equal to Kx 0   AG  Mg
2
pghH because pressure at a point depends on
the height of liquid column above it. LAg
Mg 
x0  2  Mg  LA 
1  
k k  2M 

kx0 Buoyant force

The total of application of the total force is

through the centroid of the pressure diagram
as shown in figure. Mg
Alternatively the force on the inclined wall
may be obtained in two parts horizontal and 5. (b) The hollow sphere will float if its weight is
vertical. less than the weight of the water displaced
The horizontal force Fx acts on the vertical by the volume of the sphere This implies
projection of the inclined wall. mass of the sphere is less than that for the
same volume of water. Now, mass of spherical
cell
m1  4R 2  t  

While the mass of water having same volume

1
Fx  pghbH 2
2 4 4
m 2  R 3  g  R 3 e
The vertical force Fv acts due to the weight of 3 3
the liquid supported by the wall where,  g  density of water 1g.cm 3 For the
1 1 floatation of sphere,
Fy  pgb  H h cot    pgbH 2 cot 2 
2 2 m1  m2
The magnitude of the resultant force is
4
2 2 1 4R 2  t    R 3
F  F F
x y  pgbH 2 cos ec  3
2
R R
F 1 H2  t  t  .
  pg . 3 3
b 2 sin  6. (d) Let the point be O of tube touching the ground.
2. (a) Applying Pascal's law starting from point B, Pressure due to liquid of density, d1, on the
we get left side of O = Pressure due to liquid of
PB  gH  aL  PA density, d1 + Pressure due to liquid of density,
d2, on the right side of O. Let Po be the
H  pressure due to air above liquid, then
Since PB  PA  Patm therefore a  g   .
L
 
Po  d1g  R  R cos   d2gR sin      d2gR sin 
3. (a) P0  h11g  2g  P0 2 
1 a  h2 g  
  Po  d1g (R  R cos    
2 h1g  2 

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Therefore,
30  20
d1 cos   sin    d2  cos   sin   or v q   5m s
2
10. (b) In case of mixture,
d1 1  tan 

d2 1  tan  . mix 
m1  m2
V1  V2
<br> when equal volumes are mixed <br>
V1  V 2 1  2
4 
VV 2
...(i) <br> when equal masses are mixed <br>
7. (a) The condition for terminal speed (vt) is Weight
= Buoyant force + Viscous force (m  m) 212
3 
W  V 1g m m 1  2

1 2
V 1g  V 2g  kv t2
...(ii)< br> Therefore from (i) and (ii) specific
Vg (1 2 ) gravity of the metals are 2 and 6
vt  11. (c) Accoreding to law of floatation, a body floats if
k
weight of the body is equal to the weight of
water dispalced
 Ws =Ww
 Vs  s  g  Vw  w  g
4 4
 (R 3  r 3 )   w  R 3  w
2 3

  R  r   R
3 3 3
1 2 1
8. (a) v1  gh1  v12  gh 2
2 2
3    3
1 2 1 v 2R 2  R    1 r
v1  gh1   1 2  gh2  
2 2 r
1/3
R   
v1R  v 2r   
r    1
1 2 R2  12. (b) For a floating body in two liquids
v1 1  2    g h2  h1  Weight of the body = Buoyant force of liquid 1
2  r 
+ buoyant force of liquid II
v12  R2 
 2  1  gh Vg  V11g  V22g
2 r 
V  V11  V22 ...(i)

2gh also V  V1  V2 ...(ii)

v
R2 After solving eqn i and ii we get
1 .
r2    2   1   
V1  V   and V2  V  
9. (a) From the equation of continuity we get-  1  2   1  2 
A  A 13 (a) As we know
Rate  0.1  v p   2 vq
A1V1 = A2V2
3  3
where A1 = 0.02 m2
102 2 V1 = 2 m/s
or 0.1   20  102  v q
3 3 A2 = 0.01 m2
 0.02 × 2 = 0.01 × V2
102
or 0.1 
3
 20  2vq   V2 = 4 m/s

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Now using Bernoullis therem 4. (a) Rate of flow liquid
P1 1 2 P2 1 2 Q = au = a 2gh
 V1   v2
 2  2
= 2  106 m2  2  10  2m /s
1 = 12.56 × 1–6 m3/s
 P2  P1   V12  V12 
2  = 12.6 + 10–6m3/s
10 1000 2
 P2  4  10  2  42 
2
– 4 × 1010 = 3.4 × 104 N/m2 2m

Section-D a=2m
(Previous Years Questions) 5. (d) Pressure on both sides are equal
1. (d) r1 r2 0 g  140  10 3  wg  130  10 3

130
0   103  928kg / m 3
  140
6. (a) Using Archimedes’ principle, we get
2r 2 (  )g
vr  LAdg   pL  A(n)g  1  P  LAg
9
2 = d  1  p    (pn)
v1  r1   1   
   
v2  r2   2    = 1   n  1 p 
2 d
 1   82  0.12  79 
=  2     0.1   36 (1–p)L
   1 2 

n pL
2. (b) h1  h2  f1gh1  f 2gh2

 20 – 15 = 10  f1 20  k 2 / cm  15  7. (b) W  T(2A)
3

1 W 3  104
 20f1  15  T   0.125Nm1
 2A 2  12  104
2
 15.5 × 20f1 2T cos 
8. (b) Capillary rise, h =
15.5  102 rg
 f1   75kg / cm3 = 750 kg/m3
20 For given value of T and r,

4T cos 
3. (c) Excess pressure = ’ h
R 
Gauge pressure = gZ0 Also, h1 = h2 = h3
Now, cos 1 cos 2 cos 3
or  
4T 1 2 3
P0   P0  gZ 0
R Since, 1  2  3 ,
4T So cos 1  cos 2  cos 3
Z0 
R  g

For 0    , 1  2  3
4  2.5  10 2 2
Z0 
103  1000  100 
Hence , 0  1  2  3 
 z0 = 1 cm 2

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9. (a) Velocity of water when it comes out of the 2
hole is given by a  a2  2
= 4     4     A  a
2  4 
V  2gh
As surface energy = T/A
From the question the value of h’ is
and surface energy is equal to surface
= 10 – 2 sin 30 = 9; h’ is
tension.
From the question the value of h’ is
Total enegy assoicated with suface , U= TA
= 10 – 2 sin 30 = 9; h’ is the new height
As soap bubble are of two layers so
above dashed line
U = T × 2A = T × 2a 2  2a 2 T
Now velocity comes out to be 6 5
15. (a) Te rmin al velocitie s of rai ndro ps are
Maximum height attained by a projectile is
proportional to square of their radii. So, option
v2 – u2 = 2gs [v = 0]
(a) is correct.
s=9m
16. (c) Volume of part above the water surface =
But 1m was already acheived by it inside the
pipe so max height is 9 + 1 = 10 m V
10. (b) Gain in surface energy
 V  volume of solid 
3
 1  Volume of soild inside the water surface =
E  4R 2  n 3  1 T
  V 2V
V 
= 4 × 3.14 × (10–2)(1000)1/3 – 1 × 0.0075 3 3
= 8.48 × 10–4 J Weight of displaced water
11. (c) Applying Bernoullis theorem just above and 2V
just below the roof W  103  g
3
1 2 Now, weight of the body - wieght of displaced
P v  P0  0
2 water

1 2 2 2000
 P0  P  
v  P    1000  kgm 3
2 3 3
Hence lift of the roof 17. (a) Let R = radius of bigger drop
and r = radius of smaller drop
1
F  P ' f.A  Av 2 4 4 E 1
2 then , R 3  1000   r3  1 
3 3 E2 100
1 2
=  1.2   40   250  2.4  105 N 18. (a) Assuming temperature constant
2 As from the boyle’s law PV = constant
v So, from the two cases at h depth and the
surface
12. (c) Compressibility is given as k  v
P V1  p2 V2 .....(i)
V  k  P  V
Where p(1) = pressure at h depth, V1 = volume
at h depth
Substituting values P  gh Pa, k = 45 × 10– P2 = pressure at surface,
11
Pa–1
V2  volume at h depth
v 4 3
 45  10 11  P p1   h    pg, V1  r
v 3
v 4
 45  1011  103  10  2700 p2  pg, V2  (3r)3
v 3
Putting these value in Equation (i) , we get
v
 1.2  102 4 3 4
 h    pg 
3
v  r  pg      3r 
13. (c) falls 3
  3
 
14. (a) The area of soap bubble So, (h + l) = 2n  h = 26l

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19. (b) float with 40% above the water surface 23. (a) The energy of soap bubbles (when radius = r)
E = surface area of soap bulbe × surface
20. (c) U   T  A 
tension E = 4r2 
A(initial) =  4r n
2
Now, radius becomes a double
2
f(final) = 4R 2 then, the value of e = 4  2r    16 r2 
A   4r 2  n  4R 2 24. (b) surface tension of liquid and air
25. (b) F = V2 A
4 3 4 3
 r  n  R Fnet =  A ( V12 – V22 )
 3  3
` =  A (2g (H+h) –2gh)
3
R Fnet =  A (2gh)
n
r3  Fh
26. (c) The rate of flow of liquid through both tubes
 R3   R3 R3  are same.
A  4  3 , r 2  R 2   4   
r   r r 
P1r14 P2r24
3  Q = 
 4R  1 1  8I1 8l 2
 3  
 3  r R 
P1 r24I1
  32 :1
1 1  P2 r14 I2
A  3V   
r R  27. (b) We know that the pressure at the end of tube

1 1  4T
U  3V    p=
r R  r
21. (a) A flow of liquid is said be a streamline flow if Here, the pressure difference at the both
its Reynold number is less than 1000 (or 2000) end of tube
whereas the flow having Reynold number 4T 4t r  r 
greater than 4000, is known as turbulent p  p1  p2    4T  2 1 
r1 r2  r1r2 
flow.
22. (c) Let the thickness of layer be x. Given r1 = 0.05 m and r2 = 3cm = 0.03 m
So, volume V = Area × x  0.05  0.03 
 V = A × x(  x = 2r) p  4  0.03  
 0.05  0.03 
V V
x  V/A  r ...(i) 4  0.03  0.02 0.024
A 2A =   1.6Pa
0.05  0.03 0.0015
T
and p  28. (c) The ratio of inertial force to viscous force of
r a fluid is called Reynolds number.
T 29. (b) Given : h1 = 20 mm r1 = r
We know that F = p  A  A
r
r
r2 =
3
T Using h1r1 = h2r2
F A
 V  [from equation (i)] r
  So, 20 × r = h2 × 3
 2A 
where, F = 16 × 105 dyne, V = 0.04 cm3
 h = 3 × 20 = 60 mm
2
30. (c) If a liquid can rise to a height h, but the tube
16  105  0.04 has insufficient heigh h' then the angle
A  20cm2 
2  202 co ntact i ncre ases from  to  ' by
8  105  4 8  105  4 h h'
=  = 80 
202  100 400  100 cos  cos 

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Here h = 2 cm, h’ = 1cm  = 0° t 10
t'   7 min

2 1 2 1 2 2
 cos 0  cos   1  cos 
33. (a) According to the law of continuity , a1v1 = a2
1 v 2.
cos  '    '  60 Therefore 4.20 × 5.18 = 7.60 × v2, v2 = 2.86
or 2
m/s.
31. (b) From Archimedes’ principle Hence the speed of flow at the lower level is
weight of liquid displaced = weight of the 2.86 m/s.
folating work 34. (a) The height of capillary rise is inversely
 vdg  vDg proportional to radius (or diameter) or

v D 1
 capillary tube h
 r
v d
So, for smaller r the value of h is higher.
32. (c) Time taken to empty a vessel of height h, t =
4S
2h 35. (c) Pressure inside a bubble = P0 
R
g
When they are connected using a tube then,
 Time taken in emeptying a vessel of as smaller bubbles {due to small radius} has
hieght higher pressure, the air flows from smaller
bubble to bigger bubble until the smaller
h 2h / 2 h bubble vanishes completely.
,v '  
2 8 g 36. (c) Specific gravity of Al = 2.7 Density of air = 2.7
× 103 kg/m3 Terminal velocity
h

g 2  (1  103 )2 (2.7  103  1000)  9.8
v
8  9  104
t' 1
  Terminal velocity v = 4.5 m/s. (Assume
t 2 laminar flow, specific gravity of Al = 2.7 and
water  8  10 4 p

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EXEPLANATION
Coefficient of linear expansions ...... 1 &  2 .
CHAPTER-1 1  11T

THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER  2   2  2 T

3. (c) 1   ; 
-1
 2  2 ; 2
1. (b) Thermometer is used to measure temp. of   1   2
body.
 t  0   F  32  F  32
 3L  avg T  LT  2L(2)T
2. (c)   
 100  0   212  32  180 5
 avg  
3
t F  32

100 180 4. (a) L  (1  T)
absolute zero temp t = 0°C F = 32°F   T
3. (a) 0
tC   C 0.19  102
  1.9  105 / C
F  0 F 1  100
   32 Coefficient of volume expansion
    40C
100 180   3  5.7  105 / C
4. (c) K = x.
5. (a)   1.8  104 / C
F = x.
density of Hg
K  273 F  32 x  273 x  32
    Hg  13.6 gm /cc.................t  0C
100 180 10 18
x  574.25 density of Hg  Hg  ? ..................t  200C

59  5 x0 Change in v  v T

5. (d) 
95  5 100  0 Vf  Vi (1  T)
54 x = 1(1 + 1.8 × 10–4 × 200)
 = X = 60°C = (1 + 3.6 × 10–2) = 1.036 cc.
90 100
6. (b) F = 3C MHg  d Hg  v i  13.6 gm
F  32 c0 new density
  C = 26.6°C
212  32 100  0 MHg 13.6
d 'Hg    13.1gm / cc
-2 Vf 1.036
6. (c) Coefficient of linear expansion = 1
1. (c) L = 10cm, T1 = L   1  T 
Coefficient of Areal expansion =  2
Final length
Coefficient of volume expansion = (1  2 2 )
L   1  (T2  T1 
7. (a) Set   a
= 10 1  11  10 6  1   2a

L = 10  11  105    3a
ratio of all three coefficient  :  :  = a : 2a
L  10  11  105  
: 3a = 1 : 2 : 3
2. (b) The length of two rods 1 &  2 .
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th
The length of container increases more than
2 level of liquid increase. so that level of liquid
8. (c) Temp. of liquid = of distance betweeen
5 fall.
lower and upper fixed point 5. (b) radius of ring = R
C.L.E = 
2
= 100C = 40°C length of the ring l = 2R
5
  2R
9. (a) A  AT
-4
1.9 =  50  10  (100)
1. (c) Anomalous behavior of water.
1.9
=   1.9  10 5 °C–1
5  104 2. (b) ΔV = V ( Hg -  g ) ΔT
-3 = 200 (1.8 -0.12) × 10-4 × 80 = 2.69 cm3
-5
1. (a) The volume of cavity will be increased
be cause al l th ree axis of the cavi ty
1. (b) C v = C p – R = 8 - 2 = 6 Cal/mol °C
increase due to linear expansion.
2. (d) Conceptual Q = U = nc v ΔT = 5 × 6 × 10 = 300
For current controlling & heat controlling
& measurment. 3
2. (b) nC V T  2  R  15  374J
2

3. (a) Time preiod T  2   ............(1) 3. (c) The amount of the gas in moles is
g
differentiate equation ............ PV 0.2m3
n  1.0  105 Nm2   300K 
RT 8.31JK 1mol 1
2.d
dT   d   
2 g = 8 mole
Q  nCV T  8  3  100  2400cal
2
dT      4. (a) Argon is monoatomic,
2 g
3 3
T 2  1 g Cv  R   2  3cal / mol
 .      . 2 2
T 2 g  2  
 
40
T 1 No, of moles of Argon, n = = 1 mol
 .    40
T 2
Heat absorbed at consrtant volume is
1
T  T
2 Q  nCv dT  1  3  100  40   180cal
4. (b) Given    . 5. (a) Conceptual.
 '    /2 6. (c) Conceptual.
7. (d) m 1L v = m 2 S Δ T
Volume increase    0 T   0
3 3
 
3
m 1 (540) = (1.1 + 0.02)1 (80-15)
linear expansion
1.12  65
  m =  0.135
 c   0   T   c   0   540
2
  2
say   8 then   2 0 k
 c  4 0 k c  

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-6 -7

1. (b) Conceptual
100  70 100  Tc
1
1 1 = 1 2. (b) Q
1. (c)  R
2 KA KA 2KA
3. (b) Conceptual.
30 Q 4
 (100  T)2  T = 90° C 4. (c) = e AT
3/ 2 t
2. (d) 5. (a) E1 = e  A (300) 4
E2 = e  A (400) 4

E 2 e A(4×100)4 256
 
E1 e A(3×100)4 81

-8
KC
4
Kb 1. (b) T1  50, T2  40º C
K c = 4k B T0 = 30°c
100  0 100  T 50  40  50  40 
  b  30 
t t t 5  2 

k cA k bA kcA
2  b  45  30 
100  0 100  T
 2
t t t b
 15
kc A k c A kc A
4 40  T 2  40  T 
   30 
20 = 100 - T 5/2 15  2 
T = 80°C
40  T 1  T  20 
  
T 5/2 15  2 
1200 – 30T = 5T – 100
3. (c) Q= t
KA 1300
T
35
250  T T = 37.142°C
0.5  56  50
200  56  50 
 T = 127.6°C 2. (d)  0.002   T0 
0.26    12 100  2 
2
L 2
6 53  T0 
t x 10
4. (c)  t = 48.77min
2KQ 60  106  2T0

L 2 2 2T0  46
5. (d) t = x  x 
2k 2 1 T0  23c

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61  59  61  59  l
3.(b) b   30  2. (c) 100  2
4  2  
l
2   T

= b (60 - 30)
4    T  100 = 2 = 0.00002(T)  100
1 2
b= T =  1000C
60 0.002
51  49 1  51  49  l
   30 
t 60  2  3. (a) Stress = Y Strain = Y
l
2 1 = Y (   T)
 (20)
t 60 = 1 4 0  10 3 (1 .7  1 0  5  5 7 )
t = 6 min = 13, 566  10 4 = 1 .4  1 0 8
4.(d) RαΔT n = 1
4. (c) l  (lb  b  ls  s ) T
-9
= 50 (2×10-5 + 1.2 × 10-5)(250-50)
= 50×200 × 3.2 × 10-5
1.(b)  m T = Constant = 32,000× 10-5 = 0.32 cm
2. (b) Conceptual
2
3. (b) Conceptual. Ml
5. (b) I=
4. (d) E  T4 12
5. (d)  m T =  S TS 2 2
M (l  l   T ) Ml 2
I’ =  (1    T )
TS 12 12
TS m 100  106
   10 
Tm
=200
Tm S 0.5  10 6 = I(1+ 2   T) = I + 2I  T
Change = 2I   T
6.(a) 900 ×4 × 10-6 = 1200 × 
m 
= 3µm 6. (c) '    (1  y T)
v (1  y T) 1  y T
7.(b)  m T =b
1.5 × 10 -6 T = 2.5 ×10 -3 = (  '  )    y T = (    ')   y T
T = 2000 K
LEVEL - I  958 
 1000 –   1000  T
 4 
Topic 1 Thermal Expansion
   4.5  104.C-1
1 dv dv
1. (c) v  or     v dT
v dT v l
7. (b) Stress = Y strain= Y
l
 vf 
ln 
v    v  Tf -Ti  F
 yT
 i  A

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F = (y T) A Topic 2: Calorimetry
15. (d) 100 × Sw(50 – ) = 10 Lice + 10 × 1 × ( – 0)
2
2  100 × 1(50 – ) = 10 × 80 × 10
=  9×10  2×10   27+39    ×10-3 
9 -5

2  
= 3.7 × 10 N 2 = 38.2°C
16. (c) conceptual
v 17. (c) conceptual
8. (a) 100 ×  T×100
v 18. (a) dQ = mcdT
dQ = m (A + BT) dT
0.152 =  (20)×100
300k
 = 7.6×10-5°C–1 Q=m  (A + BT) dT
500k
 =2×10-5 °C-1
300
9. (b)  :  :  = 1:2:3  T2 
m  AT + B
2  500
=
 :  = 2:3 
v 0.12 = - 21600 m cal.
10. (b) Here,  0.12% 
v 100 This heat divides into two parts.
0°C ice to 0° water
T  20% 0°C water to 27° water.
v 0.12 0.1 × 2 + 0.1 C  T = 21600 m
Now,    6  10 5 1
vT 100  20 m = 0.495 kg.
19. (d) 1500 ×103 =50 × 0.83×103  T

   2  10 5 1.
3   T = 36.14°C
20. (c) Conceptual
v  21. (a) Conceptual
11. (a)  100  3 100  3  0.2%  0.6%
v 
TA 200 4 4
22. (a)    TA  TB
1 3 1 6 TB 350 7 7
12. (b) Heat =  10  10  150J   1.5  10 J
2 2
23. (d) Conceptual.
= 7.5  105 J  msT 24. (a) Conceptual.
7.5  105 25. (d) Heat lost needed to Convert all lce into water.
T  = 103°C
8  1000  0.91 10
13. (c) conceptual Q1 = mL =  3.36  105  3360
1000
nRT 2
14. (c) pT 2  constat ; T  const .. Heat lost by hot water.
v
1  dr  nRT3 40
y   ; v Q2 =  4.2  103 (15  0) = 2520
r  dt  C 1000
dv 3nRT2 Hence total ice is not melted into water
 so mixture temp will be O°C.
dt c
26. (d) Heat loss = Heat gain
2
 c   3nRT  3 80×0.2×103 (100-0) = m × 80 × 103
y 3   y=
 nRT  c  T m = 20 kg

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27. (d) Conceptual
28. (d) If s calorie of heat is recived from the sun
per cm2 per minute, the heat collected by   2
Req =  
lens of radius 2 cm in 20 minutes is kA 2kA k eq A
2
Q1  s  A  t  s     2    20    251.2  s
4
Heat required to melt 10 g of ice is keq = K
3
Q2 = mL = 10 × 80 = 800 cal
According to given problem Q1 = Q2 39.(a)  m1t  m2t
 251.2s = 800 or s = 3.02 cal cm–2 min–1
5000 × 10-10 (1227) = m2 (2227)
29. (c) The energy required in calories to com-
pletely convert one gram of water to one m2 = 2754.8 A°
gram steam without increasing the tem-
40. (c) Q = T 4
perature is called the latent heat of vapor-
ization. 20 =  (273 + 227)4
5 3 Q2 = .  (273 + 727)4
30. (d)  2RT   4RT  11RT
2 2 4
31. (a) Lf = 80 cal/g 20  500  1
Lv = 540 cal/g   
Q2  1000  16
1 × 80 + 1 × 1 × T = 1 × 540 + 1 × 1(100 – T)
80 + T = 540 + 100 – T  2T = 640 – 80  2T Q2 = 320
= 560  T = 280
but T can ’t be greater than 100
so T = 100°C
41. (a)
32. (b)

m × s(T – 40) + ms(T – 50) = 3ms(60 – T)

T – 40 + T – 50 = 180 – 3T  5T = 270, T =
k1 1
 k =k
54°C k2 3 1
3k1 = k2 k2 = 3k
Topic 3: Heat Transfer
33. (d) Concept of steady state. 100  0 100kA
  kA 
34. (b) Conceptual.    3  1  = 75
Q=    
 
35. (c) m T  b kA 3kA  3 

1 100 – T = 75  T = 25°C
11  105  nT  5.5  10 5 T n
2 42. (b) Conceptual.
36. (a) Conceptual. K1 I12
43. (a) We know the following relation that 
K 2 I22
1 
37. (d) Q ,R=
R KA  0.92  8.4 
2

 2
K2  4.2
38. (b)
K 2  0.23
44. (d) Coceptual.
Req = R1 + R2 45. (a) Cooling  (T - TO)

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R 1 100 - 40 60 3 54. (b) Q  AT4

   1.0  106  A(400)4 ....(i)
R 2 80 - 40 40 2
6 4
16  10  A(T) ....(ii)
46. (b) E  AT 4 (ii)/(i)
E1 > E2 > E3
4
T 16  106  T 
 
47. (c) Q  kA 1  10 6  400 

T = 800 K
Q T = 527°C
T 
kA
80  60  80  60 
10 55. (d)  b  30 
T   20C / cm 60  2 
0.5
20 1
  k eq  b  40  b 
  60 120
48. (b)
k1 k 2 2
60  50 1  60  50 
   30 
T
T t 120  2 
Q 
  2
 t  47.6  48 sec
k1A k 2 A k eq A
56. (b) Q  T4
k1k 2 k eq 1:1
 57. (c) Conceptual
k1  k 2 2
58. (b) Q  AT 4 t
2k1k 2 4
k eq  5.67  10 8  0.1  1000  60
k1  k 2 = cal
4.18
49. (c) Conceptual = 81.0 cal
50. (a) Conceptual
59. (b) m T  b
60  61  62  61  6050 × 4753 × 10–10 = 9506× 10–10 T
51.(b)  b  30 
T  2  T = 3025 K
1 2
 b  31.5  1 s1  r2
T 60. (a) s = 2
r 2 s 2 r1
 1 
b  2
 31.5T  2
 s2
 s2  12.5 cal/min cm2
 6.4 
46.5  46  1   46.5  46 
   30  61. (a) 1  300   2 T2  b
x  31.5T  2 
1   2  9  10 6
0.5 0.5
 b = 2.8 × 10–3 k.m
x T
x=T T2  300K
52 (b) Ti = 1000 k 62. (a) T  10
Q   1000  A
4
Q1 Q2

t t
Tf   21/4  1000 m1s1T m1s 2 T

Tf = 1189 K 324 810
53. (d) Q  eAT 4t 1  s 2  324
   0.53
= 0.85 × 5.7 × 10–8 × 5 × 10–5(2000)4 × 60 2  s1  810
= 2325J
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o o
T kA 0C 100C
63. (b) Q  T 0°C
  100°C
kA R R
68. (a) R R
k1AT1 k 2 AT2 Req = 2R

 
100  0
Q
k1 T2 2R

k 2 T1
100 20

T1 2R 4
 4 :1
T2 R = 10
R
o
T o
0C 100C
KA KB R
64. (b) T1 T2 2
A B R R
R eq  
2R 2
k A  2k B Q 100  0

T1  T2  36C t R /2

T 20 200
T1 T2 
t 10
R/2 R
t = 1 min
T1  T2 T1  T T1  Tc T  T2
 k1  k2 c
3R R /2 69. (a)
d1 d2
2
Where Tc is common wall temperature,
36 solving for Tc we will get
 T1  T
3 T1  T2
TC 
T1  T  12C  1

R  A  600 4  200 4  T1  T2

65. (a) using TC 
 1
R1  A  400 4  200 4 
d1 k 2
T1  T2
R1 256  16 240 d 2 k1 T1  d2k1   T2d1k 2
  TC 
R 1296  16 1280 d1 k 2 =
1 d1k 2  d2k1
d 2 k1
3R
R1 
16
66. (c)   AT 4 100  70  100  70 
70. (d)  b  15 
4  2 
4
 '  A 1.1T 
30
4  b(70)
' A 1.1T  4
  1.464   '  1.464 
 AT 4 30
b
% change= 46% 280
1 I 70  40 3  70  40 
67. (c) I 2 =
I'    15   t = 7 min
d 4 
t 28  2 
71. (a) conceptual

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10. (c) 22320 = 100 × 80 + 100 × 1 × 100 + m540
LEVEL - II
22320 = 8000 + 10000 + m540
1. (a) l  l0 1  t  22320 = 18000 + 540m
Let T be the actual temperature at which 2232 – 1800 = 54m  432 = 54 m
correct time is shown by the pendulum 432
m = 8g
54
l0 l0 1    40  T  
T0  2  T  2 so water left 92g. Tf = 100°C
g g
11. (c) Conceptual
l0  1  T1   
T1  2  1    40  T    T   1  2  40  T  12 (b)
g 2  0

T1  T0  
  40  T   12   40  T   T0
T0 2 2

12  40  T   86400
2 90  T 90  T T  0
 
1 l l l
Likewise, 4   T  20  86400
2 KA KA KA
12 40  T 180 – 2T = T – 0  3T = 180  T = 60°
Dividing we get,   T = 25°C 13. (d) Conceptual
4 T  20
subtituting T = 25°C dT
14. (c)  emissivity
1 dt
12    40  25  86400 15. (b) By wiens law
2
T  constant
24 T1 : T2 : T3
   1.85  10 5 °C–1
15  86400 1 1 1
: : : : 20 : 15 : 12
2. (a) 
L  L 0  1  T   L  L 0 1  10 5  10 2  3 4 5
By stefan’s boltzman law
L L L 5 2 3 1 P  A.T 4  2T 4
 1  105  102 0  10  10  10  10 %  0.1%
L0 L0 So QB is maximum.
16. (c) conceptual
P
3. (b) Y 17. (d) Since T is constant
L
v dH1 K1R2dT
18. (c) 
L  YL 0 T  YT dt L
PY  2 2
L L0 dH2 8K2   2R   R  dT

= 2 × 1011 × 1.4 × 10–5 × 102 = 2.2 × 108 pa 
dt L
4. (c) Cavity behave as material dH = dH1 + dH2
5. (a) 0.1 (80 – T)= 0.3 (T – 60°) dH K1  3K  R
2

80 – T = 3T – 180  T = 65°C dt L
6. (b) conceptual Total radius = 2R
2
dH K1  3K2   2R
7. (c) conceptual  = RT2L
dt 4L
K1K2 K  3K2
2
K1  K2 q2 K1K2 q2  K  q2 Keq  1
8. (c)   2
     4
K1  K2 q1 K1  K2  q1  2K  q1
1 q2 q 4 dQ  t2 
  1 19. (c)  KA 100  
4 q1 q2 1 dt  100 
1
9. (d) m × 540 + m × 1 × 100 = 3200 × 10 × + 5
 t2 
2   dQ  KA  100 
3200 × 80  dt
0
100 
m(640) = 16000 + 3200 × 80 5
1600  3200  8 200  3200 3400 KA  t3  KA
m    425 gm Q 100t    500
64 80 8   300 0 

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20. (d) E  T4 26. (d) Heat through boiler = Heat from tin + Heat
from copper
E1 T1 4 E dT dT
 4 E =  K tin A  K copper A
E 2 T2 1
16 dx tin dx copper
0.15  400   700  100 

T 0.2  10 1
0.9  400   700  100 
21. (b) Q= L 
2.4  10 1
kA
60  600  10 360  600  10
 
R1  T 0.2 2.4
= 300 × 600 × 10 = 27 × 108
K1 mL = 27 × 105  m = 5000 g
35 7
= = d d
K2 20 4 27. (d)  K    0    K dt
dt   0
22. (a) Conceptual   0
 ln  Kt
23. (a) Conceptual 0
24. (d) ln(  0 )  ln 0  Kt
 ln (  0 )  Kt  n 0
28. (d) conceptual
29. (d) conceptual
d
30. (b)  K    0 
dt
For balanced wheatstone bridge. 8 8
  K  90  20    K  70  20 
R1 R3 = R2 R4 2 t
t 70 7
    
2 50
 t   2  2.8 min
5

K1A K 3 A K 2 A K 4 A 31. (d) t 1 < t2 < t 3
d 8
32. (d)  K    0    K  90  20 
dt 2
K1 K 2
K2 K4 = K1 K3   8
 K  60 
K 4 K3 
t
00  T1 T1  T2 t 70 7
25(d)  ...(1)   t   2  2.3 min = 140 sec
L 2L 2 60 6
KA KA 33. (b) Conceptual
T1  T2 T2 ...(2) d

2L 4L 34. (d)  K    0 
dt
KA KA
From (2) 10 8
  K  55  Ts    K  46  Ts 
T1  T2 T2 10 10
  2T1 – 2T2 = T2
2 4 10 55  Ts 5 55  Ts
 
3T
 2T1  3T2 T1  2 8 46  Ts  4 46  Ts
2 = 1230 – 5Ts = 220 – 4Ts  Ts = 10
From (1)
10 20 20t 35
3T2 35. (d)  K  75  40    K  70  40   
 T2 5 t 20 30
100  T1  2
2 35
t  12 min
400 – 6T2 = T2  T2 = 57°C  T1 = 86°C 3
36. (a) An isotropic material means a material

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which shows different properties along m m 
directions. Consider a cuboid of length x,  '   
V ' V 1  T  1  T
width y and height z. Its volume is V = xyz.
Taking log,  Freactional change is density
log V = log x + log y + log z
 ' T
Suppose the body is heated through dC; = 1   
   1  T
then differentiating equation (i),
1 dV 1 dx 1 dy 1 dz 49  105  30
   = = 1.5 × 10–2
V d x d y d  z d  1  49  105  30
39. (d) The time period of a pendulum is given by,
But, dV  V..d
1
dx  x1d t  2
g
dy  y1d
2 1
and dz  z 3d t 
g 2 1
Therefore,   1   2   3
37. (a) The area of brass sheet at 10°C = a1b1 1  
The area of steel at 20°C = a2b2 
Given that; a1b1 = a2b2  t  T
gl
Let at temperature  , the area of brass and
steel sheet is same t1 T1
 
Length of brass sheet at C  a1 1   b t b  t2 T2

Length of steel sheet at C  a 2 1  s ts  

12 40  T

Bre adth of brass sh eet at 4 T  20
 3T – 60 = 40 – T
C  b1 1   b t b 
 T = 25°
Breadth of sheet at C  b2 1   b ts  40. (c) For elongation
According to problem, F L
Y
a1 1   b t b   b1 1   b t b  A L

3300  103 L
= a 2 1  s ts   b2 1   b ts  3  1011  
1 L
2
or a1b1 1  19  10 6  10    
L 33  103  103 11
   (1)
11
 a 2 b2 1  11  10 6  20    
2
L 3  10 105
For expansion
or 19  106 10     11  106  20    L  l
30 L 11
  3.75C     (2)
8 L 106
38. (c) When the temperature of a liquid in From equation (1) & (2)
increased by TC , the mass will remain
11 11
unchanged while due to thermal expansion 6
  
volume will increase and becomes V’ = 10 105

V 1  T    10C
41. (c) Net change in the length in steel rod,
where  is coefficient of volume expansion
of liquid    thermal   steel

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 0 V1 15 1.20
    0 s   ....(i)
Ys  
V1 (1  γ Δ T) 14.5 1.25
Net change in the length of a steel rod.
=    thermal   stress 1.0069441
γ
ΔT
 0
    0  a   ....(ii)
2Ta

  1.5  104 C -4
Hence, from (i) and (ii), we get 3
 0  43. (a) Let V0 and V be the volume of the iron block
 0 s     0 a   0 at T = 0°C and 60°C respectively, then we
Ys 2Ya
can write

1 V = V0 1  60 Fe  .....(I)
1 
 0      0  0    0  s 
 Ys 2Ya  Let V 0' and V’ be the volume of the iron
block submerged in the mercury at T = 0°C
 s  a    Ya .2Ya and 60°C respectively, then we can write

 2Ya  Ys  
V’ = V 0' 1  60  Hg  .....(II)

Substituting the value of  in (i), Dividing (I) be (II) , we get

V V0 (1  60 f e ) V'
     a  .2Ys .Ya    0 = k and V '  k 2
   0 s   0  s  V ' V '0 (1  60 Hg) V0 1
V
Ys   2Ya  Ys  
k1 (1  60  Fe )

 2Ys  s  a  
 k2 
1  60 Hg 
=  0  s  2Y  Y  44. (c) The expansi on o f me tal ball can be
  a s  
neglected as the coefficient of cubical
expansion of the metal is less than that of
 a (2Ya  Ys )  2Ya  s  a   alcohol which is given. The ball is put in
=  0   the alcohol solution at 0°C.
  2Ya  Ys  
Thus the alcohol gets displaced as the ball
is immersed which is given by W.
 s Ys  2Ya  a  We can consider w as the weight of ball
=  0   2Y  Y  W=w (using Archemedis principle)
 a s 
r is the density at 0°C
Density of alcohol at 50°C is greater than
  s Ys  2a Ya  that at 0°C.
or    0   Y  2Y  Thus W = Vg
 a a 
Thus W is directly proportional to 
42. (c) V1 be volume at 30° and V2 Volume at 45° Hence, W<W2.
T = 45-30 = 15°C Thus, (c) W <W2 is the correct answer
ρ o = 1.25 g/cm3 & ρ = 1.20 g/cm 45. (a) Given, each side of cubical ice box, a = 30
cm
V1 ρ o 450 - 30 = 15g. Area of 6 faces of box = 6 × (30 × 30)cm2
V2 ρ = 45 -30.5 = 14.5g A = 5400 × 10–4 m2
Thickness of the box, d = 5.0 cm = 5.0×10–2
m
V1  o 15 V 15  Mass of ice, m = 4.0 kg
Now,   1  
V2  o 14.5 V2 14.5 o Time, t = 6h = 6 × 60 × 60s

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Difference in temperature,   1  2 Here T1 = 80° C, T2 = 50°, T0 = 20°C
t = 5 min = 300 s
= 45° – 0 = 45°C
Latent heat of fusion of water, T  T2 80  50
T 1   65C
L = 335 × 103 JKg–1. 2 2
Coefficient of thermal conducitivity, K =
0.01 J/sm–K. 80  50
mc   K  65  20 
Heat supplied by the surroundings 300
= Heat taken by ice in melting If the body takes t s to cool from 60°C to
KAt KAt 30°C, then
Q  m 'L or m ' 
d Ld 60  30
T  45C
2
0.01  5400  10 4  45  6  60  60
=  0.313kg 60  30
335  103  5  10 2 mc   K  45  20 
t
 Mass remained in the box unmelted =
m– m’ On dividing Eq (i) by Eq (ii), we get
= 4 – 0.313 = 3.687 kg 30 t 45 45
46. (c) Here. mass of metal block, m1 = 0.20 kg   t  300  540s  9 min
300 30 25 25
Temperature of block, T1 = 150°C
48. (b) It is clear from the graph that lowest point
Water equivalent of calorimeter, W = 0.025
for scale A is 30° and lowest point for scale
kg
B is 0°. Highest point for the scale A is 180°
Volume of water, V = 150 cm3 = 150 × 10–6
and for scale B is 100°. Hence, correct
m3
relationship
Hence, mass of water ,
(+A)
m2 = V ×  × 150 ×10–6 × 103 kg 180 (+B)
Temperature (°A)
In itial te mperature of water and
calorimeter T2 = 27°C final tempeature of
tA= 150°
mixture T = 40°C. 90°- 
From principle of calorimetry,
Heat lost by metal block = Heat gained by 
water and calorimeter t B =100°
 m1c  T1  T    m2  W  .Cw  T  T2  O Temperature (°B) 100

We know that specific heat of water, t A  30 t 0 t  30 t

  B  A  B
CW = 4186 J kg–1 °C–1. 180  30 100  0 150 100
 0.20 × c × (150 – 40)
where LFP  lower fixed po int
= (0.15 + 0.025) × 4186 × (40 – 27)
UFP  Upper fixed po int
0.175  4186  13 7 13
c    4186 49. (a) Let volume of the sphere is V and  is its
0.20  110 8 11
= 433 J kg K–1 = 0.43 Jg–1 K–1. density, ther we can write buoyant force.
47. (b) According to Newton’s law of cooling, when F  vg (g = acceleration due to gravity)
the temperature difference is not large, rate  F   (  V and g are almost constant)
of loss of heat is proportional to the
temperature difference between the body F4C 4C
  1  4C  0C 
and the surroundings. F0C 0 C
T  T2
mc 1  K  T  T0   F4C  F0C
t Hence, buoyancy will be less in water at 0°C
T1  T2 than that in water at 4°C.
where, T   K  T  T0  50. (a) Let the mass and length of a uniform rod
t
be M and l, respectively. Moment of inertia
temperature of the body and T0 is the of the rod about its perpendicular bisector,
temperature of the surroundings.

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M2 n1Cv1  n2Cv2

I . 54. (a) For mixture of gases,
12 n1  n2
Increase in len gth of the rod w hen
temperature is increased by T is given by f
where C = R,f is degree of freedom
2
  T ...(i)
 New moment of inertia of the rod, n1CP1  n2CP2
and Cp 
M M 2 n1  n2
I' 
12
    2 
12

  t2  2 
 f
As change in length  is very small, where Cp  1   R
 2 
therefore neglecting   2 , we get
For helium, n1  4, f  3
M 2 M2 M Mt 1
I' 
12

  2   =
12


6
I
6
For oxygen, n1 
2
,f  5

 Increase in moment of inertia,

5R 1 7R
2 Cp 4 
M.  2   M    2 2 2  47
I  I ' I     Cv 3R 1 5R 29 = 1.62
6  12   4  
 
2 2 2
  2I T 55. (b) Let the final temperature of the system be
51. (a) conceptual T.
52. (b) Heat released by steam = heat absorbed by Since the net heat transfer of the whole
water. system must be zero,
Let the amount of steam required be m kg m1S(T1  T)  m2S(T2  T)  m3S(T3  T)  0
Heat released by steam causes following
changes  ms (40 –T) + mS (50 – T) + 3m(60 – T)
Steam (423K)  steam (373 K)  water =0
(373K)  T = 54°C
 water (363 K) 56. (a) gh/s
Then, 1000 m (1 × 50 + 540 + 1 × 10) = 10000 57. (b) conceptual
× 1 × 60 58. (d) conceptual
m=1
Hence amount steam required per hour is 59. (b) Let m gram of ice melt and water evaporate
1kg. per unit time
53. (a) Given frequency, v = n rottation/s   
  2v  2n (m × 80) =  
 t ice
1 2
kinetic energy = I   
2 (m  540)   
 t water
1 2 
=   mr2  42n2
2 5 
  Now
 KA(T)
50% of kinetic energy = heat energy used 
t x
1 4
 mr2 n n2  msT    KA(400  0)
2 5      m  80 ...(i)
 t ice x
2 r 2 2 n 2
T     KA(400  100)
5 S     m  540 ..(ii)
 t water (10   )x
divide (i) from (ii)

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two paths BA and BCA. In path BCA, current
will be same in BC and CA
Let temp. of point C = TC
2T  TC TC  T
I 
For heat flow P to B R BC R AC

 dm1 dm2  2T  TC TC  T
Given dt  dt  
  R 2R
On solving (i) and (ii), we get   9
2T  2TC  TC  T
60. (d) conceputal
61. (a) If the point is at a distance x from water at
100°C, heat transferred to ice in time t to
 
2  1 TC  3T

melt is 3T
TC 
KA(200  0)t 2 1
m1L1 
1.5  x  64. (c) Let P = Power radiated by Sun
R = Radius of planet
KA  200t
or m1  80 1.5  x  P
E = Energy received by planet =  R 2
4d2
Similarly, heat conducted by the rod to
water at 100°C in time ti is 2
Energy radiated by planet = 4R T
4
 
KA(200  100)t For thermal equilibriums:
Q  mSL S
x
P
 R 2  4R 2T 4
KA(200  100)t KA  100t 4d2
mS  
xL S x  540
1
According to problem, m1  mS  T 4
d2
i.e.,
1
KA  200t KA  100t  T 1/2
 d
80 1.5  x  x  540
1

 Td 2
2 1
or 
8 1.5  x  54x 1
So , n =
2
Solving it, we get x = 0.1024m or10.24cm
65. (b) According to Newton’s law of cooling
62. (b) conceptual
1  2    2 
K 1  0 
63. (a) T t  2 
A
In the first case,
2l
80  64  80  64 
K  0 
l 5  2 
i
B i C or 3.2 = K 72  0  ....(i)
2T l TC In the scond case,
64  52  64  52 
K  0 
R AB  R BC  R 5  2 
R AC  2R or 2.4  K 58  0  .....(ii)
Since TB > TA, heat will from B to A through Dividing (i) by (ii), we get

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3.2 72  0 71. (c) According to Stefan - Boltzmann law, the
 energy radiated per second through the
2.4 58  0
surface of area A is given by
or 185.6  3.20  172.8  2.40
E  AT 4
or 0  16C 4
E1 A1  T1 
66. (c) As we know that, the rate of colling is:    
E2 A2  T2 
dt 4
 bA(t  t 0 ) r12  2000 
dT or 10000   
Where bA = constant r22  6000 

dt r12 4
 t  t0 , where t = temperature and or   30 
 r22
dT
T = time or r1 : r2  900 :1
So, the rate of heat absorbed by cooled body 72. (a) The energy emitted in 1s = SeT 4 . This is
is proportional to t2 – t1. also the power required to maintain the
67. (b) We know that : E  eAT 4 tempeature.
 P, the required power = SeT 4
E 544 = 3  104  0.25  108  10004 = 4.2 watts
A   5.99  6m2
T 4 
5.67  10 8  2004  73. (d) By Wiens displacement law m T  b
we have
68. (c) Total power radiated by the sun
= T 4  4R2 '
 
(5000)(15000) = m 1500  1000 
The intensity of power at earth surface
(500)(1500)
 'm  = 3000 Å
T 4  4R 2 T 4R 2 2500
= =
4r 2 r2 74. (a) From Wien’s displacement law,
69. (b) According to Newtons law of cooling, rate of m T  cons tan t
Which mean that as temperature increases
 dT  eA 4
cooling is given by   
 dt  mc
T  T04   then the wavelngth having the maximum
intensity shifts towards left. Here , T2 > T1.
where c is specific heat of material, or
d
 dT  1
  i e, rate of cool ing vari es
75. (a)
dt

  4  40 . 
 dt  c The temperature goes on decreasing with
inversely as specific heat. From the graph, time (non linearily). The rate of decrease
for A rate of cooling is larger. Therefore will intially which is depited in the first
specific heat of A is smaller. graph.
70. (a) For sphere
 d  SECTION-B
T4S  m1C.   (Assertion and Reason Type)
 dt sphere
For cube 1. (a) Anomalous expansion of water.
 d  2. (a) Stefan’s law states (rate of radiation)
T4 .S  m2C.  
 dt cube dQ
 AeTb 4 depends only temperature of
dt
 d  body.
 
 dt sphere m V
 2  2 S  6a 2  (4r2 ) 3. (b)
dQ
 AeTb 4
  d  m1 V1   dt
 
 dt cube T2 = 2T1
 dQ   dQ 
  dt   16  dt  1
=  2  
6
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4. (a) Good absorbers are good radiation.
4. (b)  cube  3s
5. (c) Conductivity is same in all the directions.
6. (c) Some is taken to be a black body.  liquid   
7. (a) T. m = constant. Before heating
mg = Fb1
SECTION-C mg  vg  Axf1g
(Takshila Challengers)
After heating
1.(a) Ti = 500k F b'  m ' g  v 2 f2 g  A 2 xf2 g
Tf = 300k
From question
Heat gained by ice cube = heat lost by the
mg = m’g
container.
A, xf,g = A2 x f2 g
0.1 (8 × 104) + 0.1 (103) (27)
300
A1 f1 = A2 f2
= -m  (A + BT)dT  m = 0.495 kg.
500
f1
A1f1= A1 (1+2  T)
1   l T

2. (b)
1 2   T
1= 1  f l T fl  2

5. (c)

T = 100g = 1000......
Mass of the wire = r 2  =0.4941g Heat Conducted through rod in  t
1
U= stress × strain × volume. kA(T1 -T2 )
2 Q= t
l
1  mg  mg
=    r 2  = 0.947 = ms  T Energy emitted at open end in it the rod
2  A  A
E = e  A (T24 - T54) t
0.947
T=  4.568 10 3 °C Q = E (Thermal equilibrium)
0.494  420
kA
3. (a) e  A (T24 - T54) t = (T1 - T2) t
l

e L
T1 - T2 = (T24 - T34)
k

4
e  L 4  T  
 Ts 1    1
k  TS  
P = e  A (T14-T24)
eL 4 4T 
P
 e (T14-T24) = 595 w/m2  Ts 1   1  e  L TS3 T
A k  TS  k

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4e  L 3  10. (b) V1 = 2gh = 40

T1 -TS =  TS  1 T
 k 
V2 = 2gh = 30

1 1 1 10
T  (T1 -TS ) 2 2
 4  e l TS3   K.E = 2 mv1  2 mv 2  2 m = 5m
  1
 k  40% of this is utitised into increare in
6.(d) Heat lost by steam to become 0°C water tempurature.
(T1 = 100°C) 40
 5m  m  ST
Q1 = 0.05 × 540 K cal + 0.05 × 1× 100 2100
Heat required to convert ice at (-20°C) to
0°C water.  T = 2.5×10-3 °C
QR = 0.45 × 1 × 20 + 0.45 × 80 11. (c) Q = ml = 500 × 80
Q1 < QR T
50 mixture temp = 0°C = 273 k Q = kA
x
7.(a) Let m1 g ice be oringinally present msice
 40  0 
 0  (5)  m, L =Q 500 × 80 = 0.0075 × 75 
 5 
 t
by solving
m = 8gm t = 8.9 × 103S = 2.97 hrs.

8. (b) 80  70  80  70 
12. (d) b  30 
2  2 
5 = b (75 - 30)

5 1
b= 
45 9

60  50 1  60  50 
   30 
t 9 2 
 m1 = 500nm  m2 = 150nm
10 1
m1 T1 =  m2 T2  (55  30)
t 9
500T1 = 1500 T2
10 25
T1 
3 t 9
T2
EA  T14 4r12 t
90
 216 S
 25
EB  T24 4r22
2
EA  1 Section-D
 (3) 4    9 (Previous Years)
EA  3
T1  T2  T  T2 
1 1. (d) K 1  Ts 
9. (a) mgh = mL t  2 
4
80  70  80  70 
h = 136k.m K  25  ...(1)
12  2 

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70  60  70  60  P  (4)r 2 T 4  450 Q
 K  25  ... (2)
t  2  (Given in the question)......1
on solving t = 15 min r
r  , T   2T
2. (c) Given A deep rectangular pond of surface 2
area A. containing water (density = p),
2
specific heat capacity = s), is located in a r 4
region where the outside air temperature  P   (4)  2  (2 T)
 
is at a steady value of 26°C. The thickness
From equation (1)
of the frozen ice layer in this pond, at a
certain instant is x. 24
Given thickness of ice at a certain instant
P   (4 r 2 T 4 )
 450  4 = 1800
22
is x, assuming that at any instant 8. (d) Maximum amount of emitted radiation
thickness of ice is x, time taken to form
more thickness that is dx is dt b
corresponding to  m  .
So mL = KA (26 – 0) dt / x T
So A dx  L = KA 26 dt / x
2.88  106 nmK
So dx / dt = 26 K/  L x  m   500 mm
5760K
3. (d) In the International System of Units (SI),
thermal conductivity is measured in watts from the graph we can see that U1  U2  U3
per meter-kelvin i.e. Wm-1 K-1 9. (c) Given that mgH = mL
4. (b) In adiabatic process, there is no exchange
of heat. 4L 4  3.4  105
 H g  10
 136 km
5. (d) We know
 Cu L Cu   AIL AI di
10. (a) df 
 1.7  10 5  88cm  2.2  10 5  L AI (1   T)
1.7  88 di  df d
 L AI   68 cm
Fractional change = 1 f
2.2 di di
d = 1  (1   T)1  1  (1   T)
6. (d) R1 
k1 A n
 (1  x)  1  nx  T
R 2  dK 2 A
= 5  10 4  40  0.020
R1R 2 11. (a) From wien displacement law
Req =
R1  R 2 n T  b
 d  d  1
   n
d kA k A T
  1  2 
k eq (2A) d 1 1  The wavelength of red is maximum hence,
  
A  k1 k 2  temperature of QTQ will be least and
1 wavelength of violet is minimum and the
1 k1k 2 1 temperature of PTP will be highest and
 
2k eq k1  k 2 k1  k 2 temperature of green TP light will lie
k1k 2
between P and Q.
k1  k 2 TP  TR  Tq
K eq 
2 12. (d) Heat lost by the steam = heat gained by
7 (c) P  AT 4 water
Let m be the amount of heat converted into
P  4r2 .T 4 water.

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m  L  mst 17. (a) 1.24 J/m/s/°C
m  540  20  1(80  10) Q kA(T1  T2 )
18. (b) 
t 
20  70
m   2.5 g
540 A
k   (T1  T2 ) 1 kA(T  T )
Th erefore, net amo unt of w ater = Q  4 =
1 2
 16 
20  2.5  22.5 g t 4
13. (a) Newton’s law of cooling
Q
1  2    2   Q 
K 1  0  16
t  t  19. (a) By stefan’s law,
70  60 E = AT 4
First   K [65  0 ] For black body, e = 1
5
 2  K [65  0 ] ... (i) Energy, E   (4 r 2 ) T 4
60  54 (4 r2 T 4 ) 2 T 4
Next   K [57  0 ] ... (ii)
5 Intensity, I  
4R 2 R2
Dividing (i) and (ii)
5 65  0 dQ kA(T1  T2 )
 20.(c) For steady state  .
3 57  0 dt L
21. (b) Heat energy per unit time R  AeT 4
 285  50  195  30
Thus heat energy per unit area R  eT 4
 20  90
4
0  45 R 2  T2 
 R   T 
14.(d) We know that 1  1
AT 4 = rate at which black body Initial temperature of the body
absorbs energy T1  227C  (227  273)K  500 K
Q = rate of energy production Final temperature of the body
at equilibrium AT 4  Q T2  727C  (727  273)K  1000 K
where A  4r2 4
R 2  1000 
1/4   
 Q  5  500 
 T 2 
 4T  R 2
15.(a) Ini tial ly l iqui d ox ygen wil l gain the  16  R 2  80 cal / cm2
5
temperature up to its boiling temperature,
22. (b) Given
then it changes its state of gas. After this
again its temperature will increase, so Tf  39W
coresponding graph will be option (b). TB  230W
Q KAT
16.(b)  Tb  Tf T  39C
T d We know that, 
100 C  0C 39C
Q Q 239  39 T  39
  T   4 T  
 1  2 100 39
K1 A1T K A T 200 T  39
4 2 2 
d d 100 39
K1A1  4K 2 A 2 T  39  2  39  78W
Hence (b) is the correct option. T  39  78  117W

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23. (a) Heat is evolved due to joule’s effect is used of the rod = T1  T2 . Thermal conductivity =
up in boiling water. Such as Vlt  mst
K1
Putting under given values
For rod 2:
I  4A , V  220 volt , m = 1 kg
Cross sectional area = A 2
t  (100  20) C
Specific Heat = S2
S = 4200 J/kg°C
Temperature difference at ends of the rod
1  4200  80
t  6.3 = T1  T2 .
220  4
Thermal conductivity = K 2
24. (c) Total energy radiated = 4r2 (273  t)4
By Fourier’s law of heat conduction
Let power at radius R be P For 1st rod
E E r 2 dQ1 A dT
P   (273  t)4   K1 1
Area 4  R 2 R 2 dt L
25. (c) By Wiens displacement law  m T  b we For 2nd rod :
have dQ2 A dT
  K2 1
(5000)(1500)    m  (1500  1000) dt L
The rate of heat transfer is same :
(500)(1500) 
Thus,
  m   3000 A
2500 A dT A dT
K1 1  K 2 2 or K1 A1  K 2 A 2
26.(b) Heat is given by H  KAx L L
31. (d) This holed cavity is also called Fery's black

2 body it is made such that when light enter
= Kr
1 the cavity it suffer multiple reflection inside
For option B the value of H will be more. it and since with every reflection some part
27. (a) By Weien’s law is absorbed so almost all the radiant light
get absorbed...
b
m  2 2
T  Q  kr (1  2 ) r
32. (b) Rate of heat flow    
Here ‘b’ is constant t L L
or  m  T 1 2
Q1  r1   l 2   1 2  2  1
28. (a) The thermal resistances can be added as  Q  r   l  = 2  l   2
they are in series. But, note that the width 2  2  1    
of the combined slab is twice the width of  Q2  2Q1
individual slab. 33. (b) Wien's displacement law states that the
2L L L black body radiation curve for different
 K A  KA  2KA temperatures peaks at a wavelength
eq.
inversely proportional to the temperature.
4K The characteristic wavelength given is the
 K eq.  wavelength with maximum intensity.
3
29. (d) A relation between the temperature of a
 T  cons tan t
Black body and the wavelength at which    2000 K    3000 K
there is maximum radiant energy per unit
wavelength 2
   
30. (b) Given 3
For rod 1 34. (c) In convection, the temperature gradient
Cross-sectional area = A1 exists in the vertical direction and not in
the horizontal direction. So, up and down
Specific Heat = S1 movement of particles takes place which
Temperature difference between the ends depends on the weight and gravity.

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35. (c) Heat required by 1 g ice at 0C to melt into total energy emitted by the black body
1 g water at 0 C Q 1= mL (L= latent heat of (E)  T 4  (500)4 .
38. (c) As the temperature of the beaker is
fusion) = 1  80  80 cal (L=80 cal/g). Heat
decreasing so the temperature difference
required 1 g of water at 0C to boil at 100C . with the surrounding is also decreasing.
Q2  mc (c= specific heat of water)= So t1 should be minimum and t3 should
1  1(100  0) (c  1cal/ g  C) =100 cal. be highest so option A is correct.
39.(b) Rate of colling  temperatrue difference
Thus total heat required by 1 g of ice to
between system and surrounding. As the
re ach a te mperature of 100C temperature difference is halved, so the
Q  Q1  Q2 = 80  100  180 cal . He at rate of cooling will also be halved So time
availabe with 1g of steam to condense into taken will be doubled t = 2 × 5 sec = 10 sec.
40. (c) Mercury thermometer is based on the
1 g of water at 100°C. Q  mL  ( L  latent
principle of change of volume with rise of
heat of vaporisation)= 1  536 cal (L? = 536 te mperature an d can measu re
cal/g)=536 cal obviously, the whole steam temperatures ranging from –30°C to 357°C.
will not be condensed and ice will attain 41.(d) Thermal capacity = ms= 40  0.2  8 cal
temperature of 100°C. Thus the mixture of
K  33.6 joule / K
temperature is 100C .
42.(c) From the formula
36. (c) E  T 4  20 T   2T
C F  32
E    (2 T)4  16 T 4 
5 9
= 16  20  320kcal / m2  min
C 140  32 108
37. (a) Temperature of black (T)= 500 K. Therefore   
5 9 9
So , fall o f te mperature in °C is
100  60  40C

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EXEPLANATION
 73 
T2 = 1.293 × 273   = 334.4k = 61.4°c
 76 
CHAPTER-2 2. (b) f1 = 1.25 kg m-3, T1 = 273, P1=76 cmHg
KINETIC THEORY OF GASES f2 = ? T2 = 315, P2 = 73cm f Hg.
M1 = M2
-1 f1 RT1 f R T2
 2
P1 P2
1. (c) P = const f TP  273   73 
f2  1 1 2 = 1.25    = 1.04 kg m-3
PV = nRT P1 T2  315   76 
VαT 3. (c) V = Constant
V1 V P1 P2
 2 =
T1 T2 T1 T2
T = 900K or T = 657°C P  90 
T2   2  T1 =   300 = 375k
2. (c) P = P1+ P2 + P3 P
 1   72 
RT T2 = 102°C
= (n1 + n2 + n3)
v 4. (d) T = Constant
 16 14 11  8.31  300 P1 V1 = P2 V2
=    
 32 28 44  5  103 2 (500) = P2 (400)
= 6.23  105 N / m2 P2 = 2.5 atm
5. (c) P = Constant
P1 V1 P2 V2 P1 V1 T2
3. (b)  = V2  = 900 m3 V1 V
T1 T2 P2 T1  2
T1 T2
4. (d) P = Constant
1500 V
 2
V1 V V 2V 296 310
 2 = 300  T V2 = 1570.9mh
T1 T2 2
6.(c) Volume = constant
T2 = 600k T2 = 327°C
P1 P
 2
 T = 300°C T1 T2
-2 1 2

300 T2
1. (a) V1 = 1  , m1=1.2193gm T2 = 600k = 327°C
T1 273, P1 = 76 c.m Hg. -3
V2 = 1  , m2 = 1gm
T2 = ?, P2 = 73 c.m Hg. 1. (c) Conceptual.
m f
PV = RT
M 2. (a) E= kT
mRT 2
M=
PV f  O2  5
M1 = M2
f  N2  5
m1 R T1 m R T2 1.29  273 1  T2 Ratio  1:1
 2 = 
P1 V1 P2 V2 76  1 73  1

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3. (c) T  Cnrfant
VO  VH
P1 V1 = P2 V2 2 2

80 3RT 3R(200)
P2 = P = 0.8 P1 
100 1 32 2
16
P1 V1 = 0.8 P1 V2
T = 3200k
80 2. (b) 7Vr.m.s1H1 = 5V r.m.s1H2
V1 = V
100 2
3RT 3R(273)
7 4
V2 - V1 4 2
% Change =  100
V1
 3RT   3R (273)
V2  0.8V2 49    25  
=  100  25%  42   2 
0.8V2
4.(c) PV = NRT
25  2  273
T=  278.57
 nR  49
V=  T T = 5.6°C
 P 
3. (c) m = 3×10-17 kg
nR
Slope = P1 > P2 T = 300k
P
5. (a) Mass of 1 molecule of hydrogen Kb = 1.38 × 10-23 j/k
2
= =3.3 × 10-27 3K B T
1000  6.06  10 23 Vr.m.s =
m
3
6. (b) k.e = × 8.31 × 273 = 3.4×103
2 3  1.38  10 23  300
= = 414  106
3  10 17
3 = 20 × 10-3 m/s
7. (c) k.e = ×8.31 × 373 = 4649
2 = 2 × 10-2 m/s

3 3RT YRT
8. (a) k.e = × 8.31 × 300 = 3739.5 4. (d) VS = , Vr.m.s 
2 M M

3 3
3 M Vr.m.s = V = (400) = 400 2 m/s
9. (b) k.e = RT V= y 3 1.5
2 
-5
PV = 1 × RT

3 3 M
k.e = PV = P
2 2  1. (c) Conceptual

4  10 3 500
3 2. (b) Collision per secend =
= ×1.01×105 × 0.178 = 3404 2.66  107
2
= 1.88 × 10-3 S-1
-4 3. (a) n = 3×1019/cn3 =3 × 1025 m-3
d = 2×10-10 m

3RT 1
1.(a) Vr .m.s    1.876 × 10-7 m
M 2 d 2n

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LEVEL - I 3RT 3R(300)
8. (c) 
Topic 1 - Behaviour of Gases 32 28

PV T 300

1. (b) = nR 32 28
T
300  32
T=
P1 V1 P2 V2 28

T1 T2 T = 342.26k
1  22.4 P2  4.48 T = 69.8  70°C
 9. (c) PV = nRT T2 > T1
273 546
P2 =10 at.m
3
2. (c) T  Constant 10. (b) k.ei = NKTi
2
internal energy remains mchayed
3
k.ef = (2N)k Tf
3RT 2
3. (d) Vr.m.s =
M Ti
Tf =
3RT 3R (200) 2

32 2 PV = nRT
200 P  nT
T= × 32 = 3200k Pi = nT
2
4. (d) PV = nRT  arst
T
PV = constant. Pi = 2n = nT
2
PV = nRT
Pi =Pf
nRT
P= V 11. (b) Temp  Constant
m
n= PA = MA 3KT
M
P m MA

P1 P PA  MA
 2 1
m1 m2
7
PA  MB  2
10 2.5  10 6  
= PB  MB 
10 m2
m2 = 2.5 kg 12. (a) PV = nRT
quantity of gas taken out. = 10-2.5 = 7.5kg. nRT 4.5  103  8.3  273
V= 
P 18  105
P1 V1 n1R T1 PV n RT V = 5.66 m 3

6. (a) = =  1
P2 V2 n2R T2 v n2 R (2T) v1 m2 v D2 2
2P 8RT
4 13. (d) v avg   v  m  v  32
m 2 1 H2

v1 1
n1 n1   v  4v
2=  n = 4:1 vH2 4 H2 1
2n2 2
14. (a)
7. (d) P  Constant.
n Cv T C V 1 5 Tf = 300
Fraction = n C T =  
p CP 4 7 u  0 , because no loss of energy occurs

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15. (a) Towards right
Force right = PAB m
Force left = PAA RT
26. (b) P = M RT = T2 > T1
AB > AA V M
16. (c) T is constant
5 32
P1v1 = P2v2  P × 5 = Pf × 11  Pf  P
1
11 27. (b) no’s of mals of O2 =
17. (c) conceptual 31
18. (*) ***** V = constant.
19. (b) h = 100 c.m =1m
P1 P
P1= 0.76 × g  2
n1 T1 n2 T2
let h be the height above the piston of Hg.
P2 = P1 +  gh P P2

let cross sectional area A 1×T 1×2T
V1 = Ah V2 = AC P2 = 4P
T  constant
P1 V1 = P2 V2
Topic 2: Kinetic Theory of an Ideal Gas

0.76 =  g Ah = (0.76gf +  gh) (1-h) A V2 T2 3T1

0.76 = (0.76 + h 1) (1-h) 28. (d) V  T1

T1 = V2  3V1
1
h1 = 0.24m
h1 = 24 cm
V2 T2
29. (d) V  2
dp 1 T1
20. (c) y  0
V
V T2  4T1  4  373  K = 1492 K = 1219°C

21.(d) PV = nRT 30. (a) Let mN2  14m, mH2  m

nRT
P=
V Given VH2  VN2
P f
3RT 3R  300
P1 V1 P2 V2 
22. (b) n1 = n2 , = MH 2 MN2
T1 T2
T 300
 P1 V1  
V2 =  T  T2 = 100 cm3 m 14m
 1  300
T  21.4K
23. (b) P = Constant 14
V1 V2 31. (d) Conceputal

T1 T2 E2 T2
V 2V 32. (c) E  T  E2  2E1 
 1 1
300 T2
T2 = 600k T2
T2 = 327°C 2=
293
24. (a) P = Constant
V T2  586K  313C
Constant 33. (d) Conceptual Refer moduel theroy
T
25. (d) Conceptual

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34. (a) VN  V0 K1 T1 27  273 300
45. (d) K  T  327  273  600 = K1 : K2 = 1 : 2
2 2
3RT 3R  400 T 400
 = 
MN M0 28 32 1 P1 T2  4T 1 2 1
46. (d) Using   P T  2P  T =   2  2  2
T = 350 K = 77°C 2 2 1 2

35. (a) Since mean square speed depends uper

terureature. V2 T2 1 T2
47. (a) V  T1 = 2

1 327  273
3RT
VO2 MO2 1 T 600
=  2 = T2   150K
 V 16 1 4 600 4
36. (b) V0 3RT =  
V' 32 2
M0 = 150 – 273 = –123°C
48. (d) For gas A
37. (a) Refer to theroy mN N
 = mA = mNA
38. (b) Refer to theroy mA NA
39. (a) Refer to theroy For gas B
2m  2N 2N
M 
40. (c) M '  , V '  2V MB NA
2
Mean square velocity
P ' M ' V '2 3RT 3RT
 V2  
Now MB 2NA m
P0 M v2
1 3RT RT W2 2
2 W2     
P ' 1 4V 3 MA mNA V2 3
  2 2 P '  2P0
P0 2 v
3RT
2 2 2 2 2 49. (a) Vrms  then
(2)   3    4  5    6 M
41. (d) Vrms 
5
V1 T1 27  273 300
  
V2 T2 127  273 400
90
=  18  4.24 V1 3 2V 400
5   V2  1  m /s .
V2 2 3 3
42. (a) VHe  VH2
P1V1 P2 V2
50. (d) Using  R
n1T1 n2 T2
3RT 3R  273 T
 =  273
4 2 2 n2 n1T1P2 1011  6.03  1023  273
 =
T = 456 K = 273°C V2 P1V1T2 760  22400  300
= 3.21 × 105 molecule/cm3
VO2 MH 2 2 1 3
43. (a) V  MO2
 
32 4 51 (d) Using E  PV
H2 2

2E 2  1.52  105
K 2 T2 273  273 P  = 5  105 N / m 2
44. (b) K  T  0  273  2 3V 3  0.200
1 1

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V2 M1 T2 1M 2 1 2 1 3RT
52. (b) V  M  T 60. (d) P  3 V v rms  3 v rms  3 . M
1 2 1 0

61. (d) For an ideal gas, internal energy is given by:

M T 300
V2  V    150m / s 3
2M 2T 2 U NK B T
2
E2 T3 500
53. (c)  
E1 T1 300 3
U RT
2
5
E2   6.21  10 21 J = 10.35  1021 J
3
54. (d) Since mean free path  U  3
Specific heat, C V    R
1 p  1  T  2
  2  1 
p p1  2 2 Therefore specific heat does not depend on
P temperature
P2  1  P / 2
2 61. (a) PV = nRT
Topic 3: Law of Equipartition Energy & m
Specific Heat Capacity PV = RT P f
MV
55. (b) 4 atmosphere
56. (d) Relation between specific heats per unit 3RT
62. (a) Vr.m.s =
mass: M
R 3R(320) 3RT
CP  C V  r  
M 32 2
R
r
M 320 T
Here, M is molecular weight = T = 20k
32 2
Hydrogen:
R R Topic 4: Mean Free Path
CP – CV = a  a  
M 2
Po
R R
Cp  C V  b  b   v 2
M 32 63. (a) P = 1  e vo 


Ratio of a and b  
a R /2
  10 P at V= Vo
b R / 32
Hence a =16b Po Po e 2
P= 1 2
 2
(1  e ) (1  e)
n1T1  n2 T2 PV = nRT
57. (a) T  n1  n2
= 32oC
Po e2
2
Vo PoVo  e 
58. (a) C p  C v  R T = PV  (1  e) =  
R 1  e 
nR 1 R
Cp 64. (a) Fro an adiabatic process
R R R
1  =  1  = Cv  Tvr-1 = constant, we know that average
Cv Cv C v  1
time of collision between molecules
59. (c) Heat hest = heatain 1

16  6  22  6  n 2Vrms d 2
  R   37  T     (T-27)
32  2  44  2R  where n= no, of molecules per unit volume
T = 31.5°C
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Vrms = rms velocity of molecules no’s of mole
70% 30% 50% 50%
1
As n  and Vrms  t (0.7) (2×0.3) (0.5) 2 (0.5)
V
v RT RT RT RT RT
 Pf = 0.7 + 0.6 + 0.5 + 1× = 2.8
V V V V V
T
Thus we can write :
 RT 
n  k1v 1 and Vrms  K 2 T1/2 Pf = 7.4  2  =1.4 P1 = 2.8 atm
 V 
where k1 and k – 2 are constant
for adiabatic process TVr –1 = constant 2.(c) n1 CV1 T1+ n2 CV2 T2 = n1 CV1T + n2 CV2 T
Thus we can write CV1 =CV2 Monoatomic ges.
1/2
  VT 1/2  V  v1 r 
n1 T1 + n 2T2
r 1
or   V 2 =T
n1  n 2
Average time between collision
3. (c) U = n2 CV2 T- n1 CV1 T
means free path
= Vrms 2 5 NRT
= T (2N R - N nR ) =
1 CV 3 2 2
t ;t 
d 2B / V T
1
3RT 4.(b) PV = mNV2
3
M

M V2 2 1
where C  PV=    mN V2
 T 3 2
2
d B 3R t2
For adiabatic 2  k.e 
 1 P=  
TV k 3 V 

V 2  1 3RT v1 m2
V k 5. (c) v rms   v 
t2 m 2 m1
V  1  1 c 32 c
 k, t 
t2 2  v  v 
2  o2 4
o2

 1 1 2 1
So q  6. (b) Pv  mnv 2  Pv   mnv 2
2 3 3 2
2 3 2u
LEVEL - II Pv  K.   P 
3 2 3v

1. (c) mols of N2 = 1 3RT mi

7. (c) v rms   mf  Tf  2Ti
mols of O2 = 1 m 2
T = 1800k so v frms  2v irms
P1 = P1 + P2 3RT
8. (d) v rms 
RT RT 2RT m
= n1 + n2 = dN
V V V 9. (a) dec as T increases
dV
= N2  2N O2  2O 10. (c) Conceptual.
11. (a) Conceptual

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v12  v 22  v 23 9v 2  16v 2  144v 2 3
12. (c) v rms   Here, f=3  E KT
3 3 2

169 v 2 13V m
19.(b) PV  RT
v rn   v rns   7.5V M
3 3

2V 2 PvM
13. (b) P = constant  mT
1  V2 R
2 1 m1T1  m2 T2
P1 = 1
1 1
m1 T1
2 4 8 T2 
Pf =  m2
1 4 5
8 4  285
2  m 2 = 3.53 g
11
T = Tf - T1 = 5  323
1 R 1 R
20. (d) Given, the difference between the specific
f heats of a gas
14. (a) k.e = KT, f = 6 for triatomic
2  4150 Jkg 1k 1
k.e = 3 KT
Now C p  Cv  4150
15. (d) We know that,
Kinetic energy  T  γCv  Cv  4150
In the question, temperature is same in both
conditions. So, the kinetic energy in  1.4Cv  Cv  4150
the second condition is E. 0.4Cv  4150
16.(c) Total number of degrees of freedom of a rigid 4150
Cv 
diatomic molecule is 5. 0.4
i.e. 3 + 2 = 5 degree of freedom Cv  10375 Jkg 1 k 1
Rigid diatomic molecules have 3 transla-
21. (c) Conceptual.
tional degrees of freedom and 2 rotational
1 n1CV1 + n2 CV2 14R
degrees of freedom. 22. (b) C V  
n1 + n2 8
17. (d) The energy per mole per degree of freedom
22R
of an ideal gas is Vp1 = CV1 + R =
8
1
1 CP 22 11
E  ( K B T )(N A ) y=  
2 CV1 14 7
Where, T = absolute temperature R
23. (d) 1  y
N A  Avogadro 's number

K B  Boltzmann 's constant 24. (b) Conceptual

R  NA K B fR
25. (d) CV = = 3R
2
1
Therefore, E  RT 26. (c) When a sealed container with negligible
2
confficient of volumetric expansion contains
18. (b) According to equipartition of energy, each helium is heated, form 300K to 600K, the
particle have thermal energy E equal to, average kinetic energy of helium atoms is
doubled.
f
E KT  f  deg ree of freedom
2
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32. (d) ideal gas, fixed volume, mass = m
3RT Pressure = p
27. (b) Given VRMS 
M to find = root mean square speed
i.e. Ratio of RMS velocities PV = m/MRT
P’’V = 2m/MRT, P’’/P = 2
T M helium
 3P
T M hydrogne v '' rms
m/V
Both the temperatures are equal. 3p
Vrms   3p ''
p
4  2(m / V)
Ratio of RMS velocities 2
1  frac3pm / V  vrms  v
Hence RMS velocity of hydrogen would be
twice as much as the RMS for helium. 2E 3
33. (c) P  or E  PV
3V 2
p 3 pV 3p
28. (c) As c s  and c   3
 M  Total Energy = PV

2
cs  
 or c s  c  3
c 3 3 For He, 1500  PV
2
29. (c) By Maxwell's speed distribution,
5
RT For N2, E   2PV
  . Since the temperature of two 2
M
Hence, E  1500  2  5000J
gases is same, hence
The correct option is (C)
1 34. (b) 3.8 atm
 
M 1 2
Also M He  4M H 35. (a) c
3
Hence, H  2  He 36.(d) We know from the Boyle’s law that for a given
mass of an ideal gas, PV = constant, whatever
3 2 may be the volume. Therefore, graph d
30. (d) Total KE of A type of molecules = m
2 represents the correct behaviour of an ideal
Total KE of A type of molecule is K.E gas.
1 2 2 2
37.(c) The number of moles of system remains
 Vr .ms  x  Vrms y  Vrms  Z  same
2  
According to Boyle’s law,
but Vrms  x  
P1V1  P2V2  P V1  V2 
So Vrms y  Vrms  Z  
T1T2  PV
1 1  P2V2 
Total KE of B type molecules 
1
PV
1 1T2  P2V2T1
  2mv 2  m.v 2 38.(a) closed vessel  volume is constant
2
PV  nRT
3 2 2
Now,  m  mv Hence P  T
2
2  P2 P1   T2 T1 
or   v  
2 2

3  P2 – P1  / P1   T2 – T1  / T1 
3RT 3RT i.e.% change in pressure
31.(b) v rms  or 300 
M M  T2 – T1  / T1   10º  % increase in

3R T 2  1 P  1 250   100  0.4%

and v 'rms    300  150 m s
M 2

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39. (c) Cl2 45.(c) Density of gas is increasing in graph (i).
40.(b) root mean square velocity becomes p = pM/RT
2 fold
Density p remains constant when p/T or
F n mv – – mv 2mnv volume remains constant, In graph (i), volume
41. (d) P = = 
is decreasing, hence density is increasingl;
A A A
while in graphs (ii) and (iii), volume is
2  103  104  102 increasing, hence density is decreasing.
 4
 2  107 N m2
10 [Note that volume would have been constant
42. (b) For adiabatic process i.e., no heat change in case the straight line in graph (iii) had
passed through origin.]
F F F
n1k1T1 + n2kT2 + n3 kT3 46.(b) Ideal gas equation PV  nRT
2 2 2
n d
F also  where d and M are the density
=  n1  n2  n3  kT V M
2 and molar mass of the gas respectively
n T  n2 T2  n2 T3 d PM
T 1 1  P  RT  d 
n1  n2  n3 M RT
For adiabatic process i.e., no heat change PA M
F F F At point A : d A  RT
n1k1T1  n2kT2  n3 kT3 A
2 2 2
P0M
F  0  ....(i)
  n1  n2  n3  kT RT0
2
PBM
n T  n2 T2  n3 T3 At point B : d B  RT
T 1 1
n1  n2  n3 B

nRT mRT  3P0  M 2 0

43.(b) P    dB    (from (1))
V MV R  2T0  3
m
(were n   number of moles) PV  m PV  R 
M 47. (c)  nR    R or   m
T M T M
So, at constant volume, presure versus
temperature graph is a straight line passing PV
i.e.,
through origin with slope mR MV . As the T
mass is doubled and volume is halved, slope versus on graph is straight line passing
becomes four times. Therefore, pressure through origin with slope R/M. i.e., the slope
versus temperature graph will be shown by depends on molecular mass of the gas M and
the line B. is different for different gases
48.(d) We have ideal gas equation
P0
44.(b) At V  V0 : P   N 
2 pV  nRT    RT
 P0   NA 
V0
PV  2  PV where, N= number of molecule, NA= Avogadro
 Ti    0 0  n  1 number
nR R 2R
4P0 N1  p1   V1   T1   p   V   2T  4
and at V  2V0 : P     
5       
N2  p2   V2   T2   2p   V 4   T  1
 4P0 
2V0    49.(d) Since P, V , M and R are constants,
 Tf 
PV
  5   8P0V0
nR R 5R m1T1  m2 T2
8 1PV 11P0V0 m2  12gm
    f – Ti   –  0 0  .
5 2 R 10R Hence mass to be removed = 13-12= 1gm

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at constant pressure:
3RT
50. (d) (R.m.s) velocity = P dV  RdT ....(ii)
M
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
Here, M is the molecular mass.
Now, No of moles, dV dT

mass m V T
n  The coefficient of volume expansion at
Molecular Mass M
constant pressure is given by
3RTn dV 1
 (R.M.S) = 
m V dT T
1 same for all gases at same temperature.
 RMS  The average translational kinetic energy per
m molecule is (3/2)kT and not 3kT.
8RT 1 With decrease in pressure, volume of the gas
51. (c)  C   C  increase so its mean free path increases.
nM M [Option (c)].
52. (a) We know, The average translational kinetic energy of
CP – CV = R the molecules is independent of their nature,
In this formula R has the unit of joule/gm so each component of the gaseous mixture
mole k. But in the question, it is given that wi ll h ave the same value of average
the calculated value is in the unit of calcuated translational kinetic energy.
val ue i s in the uni ts o f calori as. So
converating the euation into calories form. SECTION-B
(ASSERETION & REASON)
R
CP  Cv  1. (c) A  True
J
R  False
R 8.32 Joule / gm mol K
 J  3
 CP  CV  1.98 cal / gm mole K Since E = RT
2
 J = 4.202 Joule/Cal 2. (c) A  True
Q 70 UT
53.(b) Q  nCpT  CP   7 R  False
n 2  5
3. (b) A  True
We know that for diatomic gas,
R  False
Cp 7 Because for liquid state re quires l ow
  Cv  5
Cv 5 temperature & high pressure.
4. (b) A  True & R  True
Q
Cv  5. (b) Refer to Thery
n 6. (d) A  False
 Q  nCv  2  5  5 = 50 cal  For menoatomic gas
54.(a) A diatomic gas has 2 degrees of freedom
associated with rotational motion. Law of Cv 3
equipartition of energy states that the C p = 5 = 0.6
rotational kinetic energy per degree of for siatrmic gas
1 Cv
freedom is KT. Since two gases are at same 5
 0.71
2 Cp = 7
temperature their rotational kinetic energies
F  False
will be equal.
For meno atomic gas
Hence Option A is correct answer.
f= 3
55.(c) For 1 mole of an ideal gas
For piatomic gas
pV  RT ...(i) f= 5

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7. (b) A  True T0 = 300 k
Cv 5 V = Const
C p (meno) = 3 1St  T0 =300k
2nd  T1 = 400k
Cp 7
(dias) = Common press = P1
Cv 5
P0V0 = nRT0
R  True
Pv0 = n1RT0
MHe = 4
MH2 = 2 P/Vo = n2 RT1
8. (d) A  False n1 + n2 = 2n
T  False
PV = nRT holds good at high temperature and P1Vo P1Vo 2PoVo
 
low pressure. P1To PT1 RTo
9. (a) A  True & R  True conceptual (refer to
theory)  1 1  2Po
P1   1
10. (d) A  False  10 T  To
R  False
Vms  T 2PoRT1
P1 
SECTION-C T1 +To
(Takshila Challengers)
P1 = 120 k Pa
4. (b) P  Constant
1. (b) f=4
Ti 27°C = 300k
3RT Tf =?
Vr.m.s = V = ni = no
M
nf = n 0/2
YRT y
VSovmd = 
M 3 no
no R (300) =
2
 
R Tf
2 3
y 1 
4 2 Tf = 600k
Tf = 327°C
3/2 1 5. (c) At S.T.P
Vsound = V= V
3 2 V = 22.4l For lmole of gas
So 44.8 l of gas have mole 7-k
P1 V1 P2 V2 Scl = nCv  T = 374J
2. (b)  n = n1 - n2 = 
RT1 RT2 2
2
 R 5
6. (d) V1 = 1×  R +1×    = R2
200  103  8.3  103 100  103  8.37103
 2 4 
= 
8.3  300 8.3  600
2
 R
8.3  10 3
 200  10 3 3
100  10  Vf = 2 (  R ) + 0×    = 2  R2
2

=     2
8.3  300 600 

nRTo
2 1 3 1
=1    =  5
P1 V1 = nRTi , Pi =  R 2
 3 6 6 2
4
3. (c) P0 = 105 ×103 Pa

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  5RT  6RT
nRT2 nR(2To )   11RT
P2 = 
V2 2 R2 4. (b) We know that   T
 400
5  
P2 = Po 200 300
4 200  2 400
   m /s
7. (c) Pressure tnside gas 3 3
5. (a) U  nCV dT where n is no. of moles, C  is
Mg
(P) = P + heat capacity at constant volume and dT is
A te mperature ch ange fo r di atomic g as
When them in crecased, 3
C  R
PV = nRT, V  at const prcssure. 2
P1V1
8. (d) Tice = 273k From ideal gas equati on T1  and
R
ni = nf
P2 V2
n1+ n2 = n1+n2 T2 
R
PV PV 1.5PV 1.5PV U  C (T2  T1 )
  
R(273) R(273) R(273) RT
T = 219k 3  P2 V2 P1V1 
U  R 
T = 546°C 2  R R 
9. (d) 3
U  (P1 V2  P1V1 )  12 kJ
2
hence correct answer is option B.
6.(b) The internal energy for 1 mole of gas is given
3KT 8KT ML 3KT 3
 =   n
ML  MR MR 3KT 8 as U  RdT  C  dT where n is degrees of
2
10.(a) Cv = M × CV1 freedom
2.98 = M (0.75×103)
CP  C  R
M = 39.7 × 10-3 kg
M = 39.7 gm  n
C 1   R 2
 n P  2
CP  1   R and C    1
M 39.7 2 n n
m = N  6.02  1023 = 6.6 × 10-23 gm  

A 2
7. (d) Since 4.0 g of a gas occupies 22.4 litres at
Section-D NTP, so the molecules mass of the gas is M:
(Previous Years) 4.0 g mol 1 .
7 5 9 As the speed of the sound in the gas is
1. (a) , ,
5 3 7 RT

2. (b) Increase in temperature would lead to the in- M
crease in kinetic energy of gas (assuming gas where  is the ratio of two specific heats, R
F is the universal gas constant and T is the
to be ideal) as U  nRT . temperature of the gas.
2
fO1 M 2
fAr  
3. (c) Total internal energy   nO2 RT  nA f RT
2 2
Here, M  4.0 g mol1
5 3
  2RT   4RT = 4.0  10 3 kg mol 1
2 2

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  952 ms 1 , R  8.3 JK 1mol 1 and P2  2P1 = 2P0
T  273K (at NTP) Hence, option (b) is correct answer.
(4.0  10 3 kgmol 1 )(952 ms 1 )2 3
 = 1.6 12. (d) Na K b (T2  T1 )
(8.3 JK 1mol 1 )(273 K) 8
CP We know that,
By definition,   C or CP  C
 F
Q nRT
But   1.6 and C   5.0 JK mol1 1 2
1 1 1 1  Amount of heat required.
 Cp  (1.6)(5.0 JK mol ) = 8.0 JK mol
3 1 3
Q   K B NB T = NB K B (T2  T1 )
8. (a) Vessel  I Vessel  II 2 4 8
IdealGas A IdealGas B 13.(a) Using CP  Cv  R
T T
 CP 
PA  1.5 PB PB  C v  C  1  R
 v 
PB  2PB PB R  CP  R
According to ideal gas equation, we have (   1)      or C v 
Cv  Cv  (   1)
pRT
pressure, p  , where M is molecular 283x
M 14. (d) Writing ideal gas law
weight of ideal gas. 383

p RT pRT m
Such that,   M PV  nRT PV  RT
P M P M
Where, R and T are constants PV 1 P RT
So,  RT 
m M  M
p MA  A  B 1
M     1.5   1
P MB B A 2 
P T
3
 0.75 
4 1
1 P T
9. (b) Mean free path 1  Therefore, 1  1
2nd2 2 T
P2
1 1
So I  2 
I 2
d r x 383
10.(b) Since PV  nRT 
(2 / P2 ) 283
V nR
 2 283
T P 
P2 383
1
Slope of the graph  so it evdent Writing ideal gas law
Pressure
PV  nRT
from the graph that P2 will be smaller as
m PV 1
compared to P1 . PV  RT  RT
M m m
1 mN 2 P RT
11.(b) P Vrms 2
 P  mv rms  1
3 V  
 M P T
2 m1 Therefore,
P2 m2  v2 
So,     = 2  2v1  =2 1 / P1 T
 1
P1 m2  v1  m1  v1  2 / P2 T2

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x 383 P2 V2 T1
 T2 
(2 / P2 ) 283  P1V1
2 283
 Here, P1  30 atm , P2  1atm ,
P2 383
15. (d) We have given molar specific heat at constant V1  V (say) V2  15V
7 T1  27C  27  273  300K and T2  ?
pressure C P  R
2  T2  150K  150  273  123K
Mayor’s relation can be written as
Molar specific heat at constant volume= Gas R nR  n  2
18. (c) Since C v  n and CP  R  R
constant i.e. CP  CV  R 2 2 2
 C V  CP  R CP n  2 2
So   C  n  n   1
7 5 V
R R  R
2 2 19. (c) The general epression for degree of freedom
Hence, required ratio is is DOF = 3N-n here, DOF means degree of
freedom, N is numbr of particle, and n is the
CP (7 / 2)R 7 number of holonomic constraints.
y  
CV (5 / 2)R 5 For a triatomic molecule, the number of
We have given molar specific heat at constant particle is 3 and since the separation between
three atoms are fixed so, the number of
7 constraints is 3.
pressure C P  R
2
Hence, DOF = (3  3)  3
Mayor’s relation can be written as :
Molar specific heat at constant volume= Gas DOF = 9  3
constant i.e. DOF = 6
20. (a) The kinetic energy of gas molecules is directly
CP  CV  R
proportional to absolute temperature K.E & T
 C V  CP  R
i.e. KE  cT
7 5 at OK, the kinetic energy of the gas molecules
= R R  R
2 2 would be zero.
21. (b) As 32 gm O2 means 1 mole therefore 8 gm
CP (7 / 2)R 7
Hence, required ratio is Y   
CV (5 / 2)R 5 1 1
O2 means mole i.e.   .
16.(b) According to ideal gas equation 4 4
PV=nRT where P = pressure; V = volume n= So from PV  RT
number of moles; R = gas constant T =
temperatrue (kelvin) 1
We get PV 
Also 4RT
number of moles (n) = total mass/Molar mass
RT
Thus the ideal gas equation can be written or PV 
as PV = (m/M)RT 4
Here total mass = 5g (given) and molar mass
rP rRT
of (O) = 16 22. (c) Cs   ... (i)
 M
Oxygen O2  16  2  32

 5  3RT
PV   C ... (ii)
 RT M
 32 
P1V1 P2 V2 
17. (d) We know that  From (1) and (2), we get Cs  R
T1 T2 3

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23.(d) Given, T1  27C  300 K 3
Now,  m 2  mv 2
T2  927C  1200 K 2

2 2 2
 3kT  or ( / v ) 
vrms    3
 m 
29. (a) For an ideal gas : PV = RT
 vrms  T And the internal energy of an ideal gas
3
(v rms )1 T1 E in  RT
 (v )  T2
2
rms 2
3
E in  PV
(vrms )1 300 1 2
 
(vrms )2 1200 2
Ein 3
 P
 (v rms ) 2  2(v rms )1 V 2
24. (b) Number of translational degrees of freedom 3
are same for all types of gases. Energy density (E) = P
2
25. (c)  R  Cp  C v
2
P
R C  Cv 3E
  P  0.67
Cv Cv
CP 15 3 2
CP 30. (b)   C  10  2  CV  CP
V 3
or  1 = 0.670
Cv
R 2 R
CP  C V   CP  CP 
CP J 3 J
or  1.67
Cv CP R 3R
   CP 
26. (d) a = b explanation 3 J J
Both are diatomic gases and CP  Cv  R for 31. (d) At constant pressure,
all gases. Q  nCP T
27. (c) Delton’s law states that the pressure exerted
by a mixture of gases in a gases in a fixed 207  CP  10
volume is equal to the sum of the pressures CP  20.7
that would be exerted by each gas alone in At constant volume W = 0
the same volume. Thus, P  P1  P2  P3 . Q  U  nCv T
3 CP  C v  R
28. (d) Total KE of A type of molecules = m2
2
CP  20.7  8.3  12.4
Total Ke of A type of molecule is
Q  12.4  10
1
K.E A  [(Vrms )2x  (Vrms )2z ] Q  124J
2
32. (c) The average kinetic energy of gas molecules
but (Vrms )x   is directl y proportion al to absolu te
So (Vrms )y  (Vrms )x   temperature only; this implies that all
molecular motion ceases if the temperature
Total KE of B type molecules is reduced to absolute zero.
1
=  2mv 2  mv 2
2

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EXEPLANATION
= V2 = 1000 c.c.
CHAPTER-3
2. (c) In isothermal process  U = 0
THERMODYNAMICS Q=W
-1 3. (a) Conceptual.
4. (a) P  T = Constant
1. (d) Work done = Arca of trapizum 5. (a) P  T, V = Constant
W=O
1
= (600 + 300) ×10 (4-2)×10-4  U> = O
2
6. (a) Conceptual.
1 7. (a)  Q =  U+  W.
= × 900×103 × 2×10-4 = -90 J (comprased)
2 Q = MQ +  U
Q = -85×4.2 J = -357J  U = (1-n) Q
U = Q-W = -90- (-357) =267 = 0.267 kg nCV  T = (1-n) nc  T
2. (d) U =  Q-W CV
internal energy is point functi-on it only de =C
1-n
pends on initial and final position. R
3. (d) Pressure  and Volume  at C=
2(1-n)
4. (b) U=constant R
Q=W+U C=
(y-1)(1-n)
Q2 > Q1
5. (c) Conceptual. CS
8. (a) C= C=0
6. (c) Condensation at constant temperture. mΔT
7. (d) dQ = du + dw. 9. (a) TV3 = Constant
du = dQ - pdv PVn = Constant.
8. (c)  Q = dU + w R R
C= 
–30 =  U+(-10) y 1 1 n
n
 U = -20  PV  n
  V = Conrt
Uf -40 = -20  nR 
Uf = +20 J PVn+1
9. (a) -W = P(V2 - V1) = 50 (10-4) = 300 J PV4 = Constant
W = 300 J Q = +100
R R 3R R 7R
Q = U+W 100= -300 + U C = 5 + 1-4 ; C =  =
-1 2 3 6
 U = 400J 3
10. (c) From question 7
-2 R
R
 7 
C = 1  4  1  n  =   1  1  n 
1. (d) T  Constant 5 
P1 V1 = P2 V2 5R
105 × 100 = 104 =
2 1  n
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 Hints & Solutions
11. (d) Conceptual. 
y1 = yHe =
12. (b) Q = + 280J at constant pressure diatomic gas 3
7R 5R yo2 = y2 = 1.4
Cp = , CV = , y = 1.4 ynnix = 1.62
2 2
Q = nCP Δ T -3

280 560
nΔ T = = work W
R 7R 1. (b) n = heat supplied Q
7 1
2
500  400 1
2. (a) n = 
W = P Δ V = nR Δ T 500 5
560 560 1
W = nR  w=  104 = 2000J
7nR 7 5
Δ Q = Δ W + Δ U 3. (a) T1 =273k, T2 = 303k
W = 1J
Δ U = Δ Q- Δ W
Q2 T2
= 280 - 560 = 200 C.O.P = 
W T1 -T2
7 303
ΔW 560 80 2 Q2 = =10.1
= = = 30
ΔU 7 200 5
4.(d,c) Cyclic process U = O
200
 Q =  W =Area under
W 200 + 600 - 300 500 5
13. (a) n = = =
800
=
8
(30  10) 103 (30  10) 103
Q
in
200 + 600 =  = 108 π J
4
14. (b) dQ = 3du 5. (c) The efficiency of the cycle is given as

nc Δ T = 3nCV Δ T T2
 1 . Here T1 is the temperautre of the
3R 9R T1
C = 3 =
2 2 source and T2 is the temperautre of the sink. Thus
n1 + n2 n n2 100 T
15. (c)  1  1 k
y mnx  1 y  1 y 2  1 we get   1 
500 900
2 1 1 100
  or, Tk   900  180K
y mnx 1 7  1 5  1 500
5 3
Q2 T1 150 T
3 6. (b) Using  =  = T = 300 K
Q1 T2 200 400
ymnix =
2
7. (b) Using Q1  Q2  w
16 Q1 Q2
16. (d) mole of (he) helum = 4  1
4 w w
Q1 T2 T1
16  w  T  T 1  T  T
mole of (he) helum of O2 = = 0.5 1 2 1 2
32 27  273 300
n1 + n2 n
 1 
n2 = 27   6   33 = 9.1 J
y mix  1 y  1 y 2  1
8. (c) 37.78
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-4 Q  U  W
2 × 103 × 4.2 = V  600
U  8400  600  7800J
500  400 1
1. (b) n =  8. (b) Mechancial equivalent of heat
500 5
W
4.18 
1 H
W= × 6 × 104 =12000cal = 1.2 ×104 Cal W = 4.18 × H = 4.18 × 400J = 1672 J
5
9. (b) By 1st law of thermo – dynamics
W W QH -QC Q  W  U
2. (b) n = 
QH QH QH 35 = 15 + U
U  35  15  20J
TC 300 2
n = 1-  1 = 10. (c) Q  W  U
TH 900 3
100 = PV  U
100 = –300 + U
2
W= × 3000 × 103 ×4.2 = 8.4×106 J U = 400 J
3
+ve sign indicates the increase in Internal
TH -TC energy.
3. (a) n = 1- TC = 11. (c) mono dia.
TH
TH n1 = 1 n2 = 1
4. (a) Conceptual. 3 5
c 'V  R, c 'V  .
LEVEL - I 2 2

Topic 1: Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics n1C v'  n2 ''V

CV of mixture = n1  n2
1. (d) Conceptual.
2. (d) Conceptual. 3 5
R R
3. (b) Conceptual. = 2 2  8R  2R
4. (d) Conceptual. 2 4
12. (b) W  PV  0.25  103  250J
Topic 2:First law of thermodynamics
0°C Q Q°C 100°C
Q2 100°C Q3
3NKT 3RT 13. (a) ice
1
water water stream
5. (b) U 
2 2
Total amount of heat required
At constant pressure
Q  Q1  Q2  Q3
Q'  W  U
= mL (ice)  mST  mL (stem)
3
C P T  PV  RT = 1 × 80 + 1 × 100 + 1 × 540
2
= (80 + 100 + 540) = 720 cal
3R
C P T  PT  T
2 536  4.2
14. (a) L = 536 cal/g = J / kg
23 5R 10 3
CP  R
2 2
= 2. 25 × 106 J/kg
6. (a) E = 0 since U  0
15. (d) W +  U =  Q U= Q-W
All constant temperautre (same temperature)
16. (b) Heat loss by water = heat gain by ice.
7. (a) By 1st law of thermodynamics
50 × 10 × (100 – T) = 50 × 80 × 50× 1 (T – 0)
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 Hints & Solutions
5000 – 50T = 4000 + 50 T 27. (d) B  E   p = 1.4 × 1.01 × 105 N/m2
1000 = 100 T
T = 10°C = 1.4 × 105 N/m2.

17. (a) mgh = mS  T 28. (d) P1  4P,P2  P

gh 10  100 T1  300K, T2
T= =  0.24C
5 4.2  103 Using P11 T1  P21 T2
18. (b)  U = nCV  T 11.4 1.4
 4P  300   P11.4  T21.4
3
= 1× (8.31) (100-0) = 12.48 × 102 J 40.4 P 0.4  300 
1.4
 P 0.4 T11.4
2
19. (b) Q = W +  U T2  300(4)0.4/1.4
W = Q –  U = 110 - 40 = 70 29. (d) Conceputal
20. (b) Heat absorbed at constant pressure to
1
increase the temperature by dT is C p dT . 30. (d) KE  mV 2 ....(1)
2
 Q1  C p dT  70 cal
Heat required to raise the temperature of 1
Heat produced , H KE
same gas by dT at constant volume is, 2
Q2  C dT
1
Q2 C  C H mv 2
 Q2  Q1   4
 Q1 C p or Cp But H  msT
1 1
or Q2  70   70   50 cal. 1
 7 /5  msT  mv 2
4
21. (c) Conceptual
v2
5000  4.2  30 T  .
22. (b) Energy = 4s
100
= 5 × 42 × 30 = 6300 J 1
31. (b) W  P1  P2   V1  V2  + P1  V2  V1 
Energy = mgh 2
6300 = 60× 10× H
 1 
H = 63/6 moler =  V2  V1     P1  P2   P1 
 2 
Topic 3: Specific heat capacity and 1
Thermodynamic Processes =  P2  P1  V2  V1 
2
23. (b) B to C represents the adiabatic expanion so 32. (c) Inisothermal proces.
T1 > T2 T = const.
24. (c) Refer to theory i.e. Internal energy remains constant.
TC T  39
25. (d)  W 5
100 200 33. (d) U RT
2
TW  2Tc  39
At TC = 39°C 5 5
But Q  PV  RT = PT  RT
TW = 2 × 39 + 39 = 117°w 2 2
7R U 5
26. (d) P1V1  P2 V2 = 1 × 20 = 5 × V2 Q  T i.e. 
2 Q 7
V2 = 4 ltr.

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34. (c) Wiso > Wadi 7  5 
isother 2  R   1 R 
P n C '  n 2c ''P 2   2   19 R
CP  1 P 
A n1  n2 2 1 6

r CP 19
 (mixture )  
e CV 13
V
40. (d) n = 1, T1 = 27 + 273 = 300 K
Adiabatic T2 = 102 + 273 = 375 K
35. (c) By first law.
  1.5
Q  W  U
where U  0 in isothermal process nR  T2  T1 
1  8.314   375  300 
W = J
1  1  1.5
i.e. Q  W
8.314  75
= J  1247J
1 0.5
36. (c) W  P2  P1  V2  V1  41. (a) W  PV  1.01  105  20  10   106 J = 1J
2
42. (d) Since in adiocolatic process
1 3P  2V1 Q  0  Q  U  W = U  U
=  4P1  P1  3V1  V1  = 1  3P1V1
2 2 hence internal energy decreases.
37. (b) At constant volume 43. (d) Refer to theory
V 1 V2 44. (b) wate will boil vaposize due to the absence of
 atmosphice pressure.
T1 T2
V2 T1 2V 45. (b) Q  U  n C V T = 2 × 4.96 ×(342 – 340) cal
T2     27  273 
V1 V = 4 × 4.96 cal 19.84 cal
= 2 × 300 K = 600 K
= 600 – 273 = 3.27°C 4 V
46. (b)  , V2  if V1 = V and P1 = P0
3 8
38. (b) T1V11  T2 V 1
1
47. (b) Work done = Area under PV curve.
1 V Hence Isobaric graph has maximum hence.
 27  273 v  T2  
9 48. (b) n1 = n2 = n for equal volume
1.5 1
V  Let
300(V)1.5 1  T2
91.5 1 3 5
For mono – C 'v  R & C 'P  R
300(9)0.5  T2 2 2
5 7
T2 = 300 × 3 = 900 K For dia - C ''V  R , C ''P  R
2 2
= (900 –273) = 627°C
Then for mixture.
5 7 3 5
39. (b) Diatomic n1 = 2, C 'v  R ,C 'p  R n  R 8
2 2 n1C 'v  n2C '' v 2 2  = R  2R
CV   
n1  n2 2n 4
'  5 &
Monoatomic = n2  1 , C v  R , C ''p  R
2 2 7 5
n    R 12
For mixture, n1C 'p  n2c p'' 2 2 =
CP    R  3R
5  3  n n 2n 4
l 2
2  R   1 R 
n C '  n 2c ''v 2   2   13 R c 3
CV  1 V  then  mix  P   1.5
n1  n2 1 2 6 CV 2

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 Hints & Solutions
1 n 1 55. (b) AB, P is Constant.
49. (d) nH2  , He 
2 4 CB, T is Constant.
For isobaric process (At constant pressure) CD, is ochoric.
C 7 5
H2  ,R & C He  R Topic 5: Heat enegine & efrigerators
2 2
then heat given to mixture. 56. (a) Q1  100cal,Q2  80cal
Q  QH2  QHe = H2 H2 T  He He T
n C n C
T1  127C  400k

1 7 1 5  T2  ?
=      100  0  = 475 cal
2 2 4 2
Q2 T2 Q2
50. (b) Refer to theory Using Q  T  T2  T1 Q
1 1 1
51. (a) Using conditon of adiabatic proess
P11 T1  P21  T2 80
T2 = 400 × = 320 K
100
1.5 (11.5)
2(11.5)  300   1 T2(1.5)
= 320 –273 = 47°C
2 ( 0.5/1.5)
300  T2 57. (a) Efficiency of engine.

w 6  108
300 300    100% = 11%
T2  1/3   239.81K Q1 5.4  10 9
2 1.251
= (2391.81 – 293)°C = –33°C w T2
52. (b) when gas suddenly conpressed,the internal 58. (a) Using   Q  1  T
1 1
energy increased end hence temperature will
rise  T  375 
W  Q1 1  2  = 25  105 1  
53. (b) AB  V1 is constant P  T  T1   500 
BC  P1 is constant = 6.25 × 105 J
CD  V1 is constant
Tc 280 280
DA  P1 is constant 59. (d) C.O.P =  = = 9.03
54. (d) W = Arca under curve
Tn  Tc 311  280 31

1 3 Tc
= (2P0 + P0) (2V0-V0) = P0V0 60. (b) C.O.P = 5 =
2 2 300  Tc
V0 V 0 1500 = 6Tc
Ti = Tc = 250k
nR
61. (b) Conceptual.
(2P0 )(2P0 )
Tf = Topic 6: Carnot Engine
nR
62. (c) Conceptual.
P0 V0  T 400
63. (c)   1  cold    1  1
 U = nCv (dT) = Heat absorbed THot 500 5
2
1  1 
  
5 Heat absorbed 5 6  10 4
9 3
Q = U + W = P0V0 + P V = 6 P0V0 6  104
2 2 0 0  = 1.2 × 104 cal
5

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 MODULE - 8 (Medical) (CLASS – XII) PHYSICS HintsElectrostatics
& Solutions
3 1 1 800
64. (b)  1        3200 J 1 
4 4 4  72. (c)   Q  10    100J
300 3 10 
7 300
65. (c) 1  
10 Ts Ts 10 Heat given to sin K is 100 – 10 = 90J
Ts = 1000 K or 727°C When as refrigeration, thus heat is absorbed.
66. (b) case 1
4 T T 6 Topic 7: Entropy
1 s  s   Ts  300K
10 500 500 10 73. (d) Second law of thermodynamics
case 2
74. (a) 2.4 J/K
6 300 300 4
1  T = 750 75. (c) Conceputal
10 Tsource  Tsource 10  source
K v2 Q v2
Qin flow Qout flow 76. (a) W  Q  nRT ln v  s  T  nR ln v
1 1
67. (c) 
Tsource TsinK
2v
650 x  4  8.314 ln = 4 × 8.314 × ln2
  x = 325 Joule v
450 225 = 4 × 8.314 × 0.693 = 23.04J
77. (d) Zero, carnot cycle is a cyclic process and
1 T2 T2 5
68. (a)  1- ,  entropy is a state function.
6 T1 T1 6
LEVEL - II
5 1. (d) A is isobanic ncp  T1 = Q1
T2 = T1  
6 B is isochoric Q2 =n CV  T2
(T1 -62) 1 Q C ΔT
 2= V 2
1–
T1 3 Q C ΔT
1 P 1
5 2 Q1 = Q2 CP  T1 = CV  T2
T1  62  T1
6 3
T1 = 372k T2 = 310k Cp 5
 T2 = C  T1 = T
v 3 0
T2
69. (c) n = 1 – 2. (c) Q =  U+ W
T1

T V  -1 = Constant. U W
1= +
T1V1  -1 = T2V2  -1 Q Q
y = 1.4 nC V T
1= f
T1 = 4T2 nC P ΔT
1
T2 T2 3 f  1
x = 1- = x = 1– = = 0.75 y
4T2 4T2 4
3. (d) dU = 0, dQ  -ve dw  -ve
70. (c) Conceptual
4. (b) P1 V1y = P2 V2y
300 1 3 1.4
71. (a) n = 1– = 1   1 
1200 4 4 P1×V1.4 = P2  v
 32 
W P2 = (32)7/5 = 27 = 128 atm
n=
Q
6. (b) Q= U+W
4 4  U = Q –W = 8×105 – 6.5 × 105 = 1.5 × 105 J
Q= W = × 12.6 × 106 = 16.8 ×106 J
3 3 W = Q –  U = 105 -1.5×105 = -0.5×105 J

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 Hints & Solutions
V2 dp P
7. (c) W = 2.303 nRT log 17. (a)  Y
V1 dv V
W  V2 > V1 2 is diatomic 1 is monoatomic

8. (a) f=6 18. (b) PV2 = const.

w = +25J
R 3R R
P = Constant. n = 2, CV = = R =
2-1 2 2
Q=W+ U
W = Q - U = nC Δ T - nCv Δ T
nRdT
W = P(V2 - V1) = P ×
P R 3R
=2× (100)-2 × ×100
2 2
fR
CP = + R = 4R 19. (c) W = Area under curve.
2
Q = nCpdT = n (4R) dT = 4 × 25 = 100J. (3Po-Po) (3Po-Po)
9. (d) PA VA =PB VB
=  2 2
means is isothermal process  U=  Q-W
22
10.(d) W +  U =  Q U= Q-W =   PO VO = PO VO
7
11. (b) nCPdT = 20
20. (d) For path iaf
nCvdT = Q
Q=U+W
80 = U + 50
Q nCV d T  1 3
= Q=  20  12J U = 30
20 nCpd T 4 6
for path it
12. (d) PV-2 = a Q = U + W = -30 + (-30) = -60
R 21. (c) In adiabatic process the system in insulated
C = Cv – from the surroundings and heat is absorbed
n–1
or released. Adiabotic porcess of the ideal
5R R 5R R 17R gas is PVY = constant
= 2  (-2 -1) =  = where Y is the ratio of specific heats at
2 3 6
constant pressure and constant volume.
3 Gas obeys the equation
13. (d) U = nCV  T = 1× 2 × 8.31 × 100 PV3/2 = constant
Compaing with PVY = constant
= 12.46 × 102J 3
Y
2
U nCV ΔT 1 3
14. (b)   TL W 1
Q nCp ΔT y = 5 22. (a) 1  1   or 5T  6T  0
TH Q1 6 H L

14. (c) nCV ( ΔT )= 420 TL  62 1

2  1   21  or 2TH  3TL  186
2 CV (10) =420 TH 3
CV = 21 JK–1mol–1 TH  372K  99C
 5 5
mgh 9.81  50 TL  TH   372K  310K  37C
15. (c) ΔT = = 6 6
ms 4.2  103
R
23. (c) U  C  T   T
ΔT = 0.117°C (   1)
16. (c) Conceptual

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 MODULE - 8 (Medical) (CLASS – XII) PHYSICS HintsElectrostatics
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PV P(2V  V) PV R 5000
   . Cv  
(   1) (  1) (   1) 4  1 1.6  1
24. (c) Q  Q1  Q2  Q3  Q4 = C P  1.33  10 4 , C V  8.33  103
 5960  5585  2980  3645  1040J 28. (a) Since A is compressed isothermally, then

W  W1  W2  W3  W4 P
PV  P1.2V or P1 
2
 2200  825  1100  W4  275  W4
Again sice gas is compressed adiabatically,
For a cyclic process U f  Ui
P
U  Uf  Ui  0  PV   P2 (2V) or P2  
2
From the first law of thermodynamics,
P1 2
Q  Q  W So,   21
P2 2
1040  0  275  W4 or W4  765J.
25. (b) Heat absorbed at constant pressure to 29. (a) Let the temperature of the source be T1 K
increase the temperature by dT is µCpdT. and that of the sink be T2K.
Now, efficiency
 Q1  C pdT  70 cal
T1  T2
Heat required to raise the temperature of 
same gas by dT at constant volume is, T1
Q2  CdT In first case,
1 T1  T2
Q2 C  C 
 Q2  Q1   6 T1
 Q1 C p or Cp
 5T1  6T2  0 ....(i)
1 1 5
or Q2  70   70    50 cal. In second case,
 7 /5 7
26. (c) As pressure is varying linearly with volume, 1 T1   T2  62

work done 3 T1
dW = area under PV curve
 2T1  3T2  186 ...(ii)
1
 PI (VF  VI )  (PF  PI )(VF  VI ) Solving Eqs, (i) and (ii), we get
2
1 T1  372K and T2  310K
 PI (VF  VI )  (PF  PI )(VF  VI )
2 4R 1.4R 14R 7
30. (c) CP  =   R
1 4  1 1.4  1 4 2
 (PF  PI )(VF  VI )
2
1 R R 10R 5R
 (8  4)  105  (0.5  0.2)  1.8  105 J CV    
2 4  1 1.4  1 4 2
R P V  PI VI 31. (d) In cylinder a, heat is supplied at constant
dU  C v dT   dT  F F . pressure while in cylinder B heat is supplied
 1  1
at constant volume.
105 (8  0.5  4  0.2)
 dU   4.8  105 J.  Q A  nC v  T  A
(5 / 3)  1
and  Q B  nCv  T  B
27. (c) CP – C v  R
CP
Given that:  Q A   Q B
=4
CV Cp
  T  B   T  A  1.4 30   42K.
Cv
4R 1.6  5000
CP = = 32.(c) Process is isothermal. Therefore
4 1 1.6  1

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 Hints & Solutions

 1 P1  V2 


T = constant,  p   
36. (b) P V  P V or  
 V 1 1 P2  V1 
2 2

Volume is increasing, therefore, pressure will

1.3 1.3
decrease. In champer A  105  V / 2  1 
or   
P2  V  2
n A RT nA RT
–  p   p A i   p A f  
V 2V  P2  21.3  105 N m2 .
37.(b) We know that in a cyclic process, heat energy
n A RT absorbed by the system is equal to work done
= ....(i)
2V by the system. W also know that in P-V
In chamber B  diagram, work done by the system in cyclic
process in equal to area of the loop. Therfore,
nB RT nB RT Heat absorbed = work done = area of loop
–1.5 P   pB  i   pB f  
V 2V 2
 r2    30  20   10 2 J.
nBRT
= ...(ii) 38. (c) Conceputal
2V 39. (a) Let V be the original volume of the gas.
From equation (i) and (ii) For an isothermal process, PV=constant
nA 1 2 mA / M  Pi Vi  Pf Vf
  or
nB 1.5 3 mB / M P 
Vf  Vi  i 
2 mA 2  Pf 
= 3 or m  3 or3mA = 2mB  P  V
B Vf  V  i  
 2Pi  2
33. (c) C p  C v  m , for hydrogen  M1  2
For an adiabatic process, PV   constant
C p  C v  n, for nitrogen  M2  14  According to question

V
1 dQ  2Pi     Pf V 
For hydrogen: C p  C v  M dT  m 2
1
Pf 0.76
  2(2)   2(2)1.4  2(0.38)  .
1 dQ Pi 1
For nitrogen: C p  C v  M dT  n 40. (b) W = Area of rectangle
2

1 dQ  100  103  200  106  20J

m m dT M 14 -ve sign is taken because the cycle is
  2  7 anticlockwise.
 n 1 dQ M1 2
M2 dT 41. (a) Process 2 is an isothermal process. Hence,
U2  0.
 m  7n.
Process 1 is an isobaric (P= constant)
Cp 7 expansion. Hence, temperature of the gas
35.(b) 
Cv 5 will increase;
Work done or U1 = positive
R 8.3  400  5 Process 3 is an adiabatic expansion. Hence,
  T   41.5kj. temperature will decrease;
 1 7
1
5 or U3  negative
Work done = change in internal energy
Therefore, U1  U2  U3 is the correct
(  Q  0 for adiabatic process)
option.
 Change or increase in internal energy
42. (c) Internal energy of n moles of an ideal gas at
 41.5kJ. temperature T is given by:
f
U  nRT [ f  degree of freedom]
2

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 MODULE - 8 (Medical) (CLASS – XII) PHYSICS HintsElectrostatics
& Solutions
U1  U2 or d  a  bPV   PdV  0
f1 n1T  f2 n2T2 or dPdV  bVdP  PdV  0
Here, f2  degree of freedom of He =3
or (b  1)PdV  bVdP  0
and f1  degree of freedom of H2  5
dV dP
n1 f2 T2 3  2 6 or  b  1 b 0
   . V P
 n2 f1T1 5  1 5
or  b  1 log V  b log P  constant
43. (c) WAB  P0 V0 V b1P b  constant
b 1
WBC  0 or PV b
 constant
and WCD  4P0 V0
 WABCD  P0 V0  0  4P0 V0  3P0 V0 . b 1
  .
44. (b) Let the initial pressure of the three samples b
be PA, PB and PC, then 49. (b) W  P(Vf  Vi )  R(Tf  Ti )
32 32
PA (V)  (2V) P  1  8.14(127  27)  814J.
or PA  P(2)3 2
50. (d) U  0
PC (V)  P(2V)
or PC  2P 5 3  7 
or R  Tf  T0   1  R  Tf T0   0
2 2  3 
 PA : PB : PC  (2)3 2 :1: 2  2 2 :1: 2.
3
45. (c) U1  U2  Tf 
T0 .
2
Change in internal energy of the system does
51. (a) For adiabatic process,
not depend on path followed. So, U1  U2
PV   constant
change in internal energy of the system does
 P1V1  P2 V2
not depen on path followed . So U1  U2  53
P2  V1   8V1 
      32.
P1  V2   V1 
46. (c) P A B 52.(a) According to first law of thermodynamics:
Q  U  W
For the process abc, 80  U  60
D C
or U  20 cal
T Since, U is independent of path, the
47. (c) For a cyclic process, plotted in the given internal energy change is same for both the
figure, the work done = area inside the closed paths abc and adc.
curve. For the process adc, Q  U  W
Treat the circle as an ellipse of semi-major
 W  Q  U  30  20  10 cal.
1
ax is  (P2  P1 ) and semi-mi jo r ax is 53. (d) Consider n moles of a gas which undergo
2
isochoric process, i.e., V = constant. From
1 first law of thermodynamics,
 (V2  V1 ).
2
Q  W  U .....(i)
 Here, W  0 as V  constant
 Area  (P2  P1 )(V2  V1 ).
4
Q  nCV T
48. (b) For an adiabatic process,
Substituting in Eq. (i), we get
0  dU  PdV
U  nCV T ....(ii)
Mayor’s relation can be written as
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 Hints & Solutions
CP  CV  R
4
 C V  CP  R ...(iii) 2. (b) y=
3
From Eqs, (ii) and (iii), we have
U  n(CP  R)T U = V2 = nCV  T
Given, n = 6, CP = 8 cal/mol–Km,  PV 
R = 8.31 J/mol – K = 2 cal/mol – K nCv 
 nR  = V
2

Hence, U  6  8  2 35  20  PV
= 6 × 6 × 15 = 540 cal (CV) =V2
R
54. (b) For isothermal process, P1V1  P2 V2 PV
=P-1 V
or PV  (2P)V2 R
V R
 V2  PV-1 =
2 CV
For adiabatic process, P1V1  P2 V2 R
R 3R R 7R
 C= + 1  ( 1) =  = =3.5 R
V 3  4 1 2 2
(2P)     P  V  1
2 4  3
   1.415 . 3. (a) U = a V1/2
nCv  T = av1/2
SECTION-B
 3R 
(ASSERTION AND REASON TYPE) n    T = av1/2
 2 
1. (b) conceptual
2. (a) conceptual 3
3. (a) conceptual PV = av1/2
2
4. (c) conceptual
5.(a) conceptual 3
PV1/2 = a ......(i)
6.(a) conceptual 2
7. (a) conceptual
 3R 
8. (d) conceptual  U = 200 = n  2   T
 
9. (b) conceptual
10. (a) conceptual 400
nR  T = ......(ii)
11. (a) conceptual 3
12. (d) conceptual
2 f 1
SECTION-C W=  pdv  3 a  dv
v
(Takshila Challengers)
4  2a 1/2 1/2 
1. (c) dQ  dU  dW – 20J = dU + 8 J =   Vf -Vi 
dU = – 20 +8
3 3
dU = – 12  2a 1/2 1/2 
Uf – Ui = – 12 
3

Vf -Vi 


Uf – 30 = – 12
Uf = 18 J 800
2 [P2V2 - P1-V1] = 2nR  T = J
3
4. (b) C = CV +  T

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 dv 
C = CV +   RT dv
 dt  C = Cv +
By comparing V dT
R dv C = Cv +  V
= V2
V dT Comparing
 dT 
dT
 R   V RT dv
 ln V2 V =

T2 T1   C V dT
R V
 dv  dT
T  ln v lnc
R V 2

R  T
V
C= R dT
eT / 2 2
 V dv  
T
C = Ve-  T/R
5. (a) n = 1 monoatornic gas.
R V 1
dQ = dU + dW = ln T + lnco
ncdT = pdv + nCVdT
 1

V Pdv R  1
C=  Cv ..............(i)    ln Tco
eT / 2 ndT   V
T = To + 4V
R
dT = 4dv TCo = V
e
dv 1 R/BV
 Te = Constant.
dtT 4 7. (c) n = 1, y = 1.4

3R RT  1  a a a
 V= , dv = dT
C=   T T T2
2 v  4
PV = nRT
3R RT
C=   To  4V nRT 2
2 4v P=
a
3R RTo
C=  R
2 4V W=  Pdv
5R 1 RTo nRT 2  9 
C=  =   dT = -100R {n=1}
2 4 V a  T2 
6. (c) n=1
U  nCV T
R
C = CV +  V = 1× ×100 = 250R
y 1
dQ = dU + dU 8. (c)
nCVdT = nCvdT + pdv 9. (c) For a cyclic process, plotted in the given figure,
C = Cv + pdv the work done= area inside the closed curve.

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Treat the circle as an ellipse of semi-major axis
T2
1 1 = T T
 (P2  P1 ) and semi-mijor axis  (V2  V1 ). 1 2
2 2
 277 277
= 
 Area  (P2  P1 )(V2  V1 ). 303  277 26
4
10. (b) Q  1000 J Q2
Also,  
W  300  x W
Equating both, we get; x  700 J Work to be done per second = Power required
 Percentage ratio of work done by gas and Q2 26
heat absorbed by it = W   600 call per second
 277
1000
  100  10.5% 26
9500 =  600  4.2J per second
277
Section-D = 236.5W
(Previous Years solution) 5.(b) From the g raph we can se e th at for
compression of gas, area under the curve for
1. (c) Efficiency of ideal heat engine, adiabatic is more than isothermal process.
 T  Therefore, compressing the gas through
  1  2  adiabatic process will require more work to be
 T1 
done.
Sink temperature, T2  100C
= 100  273  373K
Source temperature, T1  0C
= 0  273  273K
Percentage efficiency,
 T 
%   1  2   100
 T1 

 273   100 
= 1    100     100  26.8%
 373   373 
2.(a) Path (I)  constant volume  isochoric
Path (II)  PV r  k  adiabatic
Path (III)  constant temperautre
 isothermal
Path (IV)  constant pressure  isobaric 6.(b)
3. (a) Efficiency of carnot cycle is given as
W

QH
As initial and final points are same so
where W is work done and QH is amout of U ABC  U ABC
heat added to system. AB is isochoric process
QC  QH  W  100  10  90J WAB  0
4.(c) Given T2  4C  277K , T1  30C  303 K QAB  U AB  400J
Q2  600 cal per second BC is isobaric process.
Coefficient of performance,  QBC  UBC  UBC

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5/3
100  UBC  6  10 4 P 1  P
Pt  
2  23  (2)(2)5
(4  10 3  2  10 3 )
P
100  UBC  12  10 Pf 
6
UBC  100  120  20J 1
10. (d)Work done in process ODA = P0  V0
As U AB  UBC  QAC  WAC 2
While work done in the process OBC =
400 – 20 = QAC   (2  10 4  2  10 3 )
1
1   P0 V0  net W = 0
  2  10 3  4  104 2
2
11. (a)According to first law or thermodynamics
QAC  460J Q  U  W
7. (a) Since work done is equal to the area under P- Along the path adc change in internal energy.
V curve between initial and final volume.As
U1  Q1  W1
seen from the figure, this area is maximum
for adiabatic process, less for isothermal and = 50J  20J  30J
least for isobaric process Along the path abc
Wadiabatic  Wisothermal  Wisobaric Change in internal energy
8.(d) PV = nRT U2  Q2  W2
Pa U2  26J  W2
 nRT
T As chang e in in te rn al e nergy i s path
independent.
 nR  2
P T  U1  U2
 a 
 30J  36J  W2
P1 n T n  2
n W2  36J  30J  6J
PT  2 d c
1 n
n
 2
1 n
n = – 2 + 2n p
n=2 a b
R R V
R R  13.(c) P  T 3
C  = 7 1 1 2
V 1 1 n 5 PV = nRT
5R 3R P  T3
= R 
2 2 P  (PV)3
3R
Q  nCT = 1   100  150R P 2 V3  constant
2
9.(c) Isothermally PV  P1 2V 3
PV = constant
2
P 3
P1  
2 2
P 14.(b) For an adiabatic process
Adiabatically, (2 V)  P1 (16 V)
2 PV   cons tan t ... (i)
5/3
P 1  According to ideal gas equation
Pf   3 
22  nRT
PV  nRT  P 
v
Putting (i), we get

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nRT  (900  400)
V = cosntant  T  650 K
v 2
is the temperature when output of the engines
 TV 1  constant are equal.
Again from the ideal gas equation Let the efficiency of both engines by  . Now
nRT consider both engines efficiency are equal. This
V
P
Putting in (i), we get T T3
gives 1  T  1  T
 1
 nRT 
P  = constant T T3
 P   T  T
1
P1 T  = constant
15.(d) Given;  T 2  T1  T3
T1  800 K  T 2  800  400  320000
16. (a) dU1  dU2  dU3
T3  400 K
To find temperature T Q1  Q2  Q3
(i) when output of two engines are equal Because Q  W  dU
(ii) When efficiencies of two enginers aee equal.
Change in internal energy independent of path
Let the output of both engines be W.
and work depends on path and the heat
Let the engine A take Q1 heat as input at required increases as the work increases.
temperature T1 and gives out heat Q2 at  Q1  Q2  Q3
temperature T the second engine B receive Q2 17.(a) In a cyclic process, U  0
In a cyclic process work done is equal to the
as input and give out Q3 at temprature T2 to
area under the cycle and is positive if the cycle
the sink. is clockwise and negative if anticlockwise.
Work done by engine, AW= Q1  Q2 .
Work done by engine, BW= Q2  Q3
Thus
Q1  Q2  Q2  Q3
Dividing both sides by Q1
Q2 Q2 Q3
1  
Q1 Q1 Q1  W   Area of rec tan gle ABCD   P(2 V)
T Q2  Q3   2PV
 1  T  Q 1  Q 
1 1  2  18. (d)
T Q2  T3 
 1  T  Q 1  T 
1 1  
T T T3 
 1  T  T 1  T 
1 1  
T1 T3
 T 1  1  T
According to the question, first gas goes from volume V
T1 T3 to 3V and after this volume is reduced from 3V to V at
 T  T 2 constant pressure. In the isothermal expansion, the p-
1 V curve is a rectangular hyperbola.
 (T1  T3 )  2 19.(c) For an adiabatic process
T
(T1  T3 ) T
 T 
 constant
2 P 1
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Given T1  27C  273  27  300K 3. In an isochoric process, volume remains
constant.
T2  927C  273  927  1200K 4. In an isothermal process, the temperature
P1  2 atm remains constant.
  1.4 24.(c) In cyclic process since initial and final states
are same internal energy is a state function
T1 T2
 therefore initial and final internal energies are
P11 P2 1 also same. So change in internal energy is zero
Substituting the values, hence E = 0.
3001.4 12001.4 25.(a) Given

21.4 P21.4 1 1 T T 5
0.4
 1  sin k  sink  ...(1)
 P2 
1.4
 1200  6 Tsource Tsource 6
     2 Tsink  62 T 1
 2  300 
Also 6  1  T  sin k  ...(2)
0.4 1.4 source Tsource 6
 P2   1200 
In      Tsource  372K  99C
 2  300 
5
 P2  4 2 Also, Tsink   372  310 K  37 C
 0.4 In  2   1.4In  1   1.4 6
    (Note: Temperature of source is more than
 P2  temperature of sink)
 In  2   4.9 26.(b) Temperature of sink TL  300 K
 
 P 2  256 atm
Original efficiency   40%  0.4
20.(d) As learnt in Entropy for solid and liquid Let the initial temperature of the source be TH
When heat is given to a substance to change
TL
its state at constant temperature wherein Using   1  T
mL H
S 
T  New efficiency   40%  20%  60%
L = Latent Heat T in kelvin TL
Q mL    1 
S   TH
T T 300
1000  80
cal / k = 293 cal / K OR 0.6  1  T
= H
273
21.(a) According to first law of thermodynamics 300
OR  0.4  T   750 K
Q  U  W TH H

For an adiabatic process, Q  0 27.(c) A reversible process is the one which is carried
out infinitely slowly through a series of steps
 U  W so that the system and the surroundings
22.(c) Heat energy given dQ  du  dW where dU is always remain almost in equilibrium state.
the change in internal energy and dW is the In case of isothe rmal co mpre ssio n,
work done. temperature of the system is kept constant
Given dQ  2kcl  2000  4.2J whereas its volume is decreased.
and dW  500J  The system can be brought back to its initial
state without leaving any effect on the
 2000  4.2  dU  500
surroundings. Thus, it is reversible.
 dU  7900J
23.(a) 1. In an adiabatic process PV  constant 28.(d) T1  227C  (227  273)K  500 K
2. In an adiabatic process, the system is T2  127C  (127  273)K  400 K
insulated from the sorroundings. An adiabatic Efficiency of carnot engine =
process is one that occurs without the transfer T 400 1
of heat or mass of substances between a 1 2 1 
T1 500 5
thermodynamic system and its surroundings. Also, efficiency of the heat engine
So in the adiabatic process insulation from
surroundings is required.
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 Hints & Solutions
Output work 1 output work 400  300 100
=       0.25  25%
Input Heat 5 6  10 4 400 400
Hence, 26% efficient is impossible for a given
Therefore, output work = 1.2  104 cals
heat engine.
29.(a)   Cv T and 0  W  U 33.(a) We know,
 U   6R ( W  6 R) Efficiency
 R  3 (T  T ) 1
 2 1  6T2  6T1  T2
Therefore  6R  1 
  1
 T  RT
2 T2 6 
 
T   4  (T  4)K  T2  1.2T1 .... (i)
30.(c) When efficiency is 50° outlet temperature, Where T2 is the source temperature and T1 is
T2  500K the sink temperature. If the sink temperature is
We know, reduced by 62°C, the efficiency gets doubled i.e.
T T  (T1  62) 1 2
 1 2  2  2 
T1 T2 6 6
50 500 500 100  50  6T2  6T1  372  2T2
 100  1  T  T  100  6T2  2T1  6T1  372  0
1 1

500  100  4T2  6T1  372  0

 T1   1000 K
50 Substituting the value of T2 from equation (i),
To increase the efficiency upto 60% with we will get
T2 4(1.2 T1 )  6 T1  372  0
T1  1000 K , then   1  T
1  4.8T1  6T1  372  0
60 T2  372  1.2T1
 1  T1  310K  37C
100 1000
T2 100  60 Therefore, T2  1.2  310  372K  99C
 
1000 100 Hence, the temperature of the source and the
1000  40 sink is 99°C and 37°C respectively.
 T2   400 K
100 T2
is the required outlet temperature 34.(d)   1  T
31.(a) The eccificnecy of heat engine is 1

W T 250 123 100  23

 1 2   1  =
Q1 T1 373 300 373
Here, Q1  heat absorbed from the source of Te
35.(a) Efficiency of a carnot engine ()  1  T
heat = 6 kcal h

T1  temperature of souce = 227 + 273 = 500K We want the efficiency to be 50%

T
and T2  temperature of sink 0.5  1  e
500
= 127  273  400 K Te  0.5  500  250 K
W 400 W 1 temperature of the sink has to be 250K
Hence 1 or 
6 500 6 5 36.(b) According to the first law of thermodynamics
or W  1.2kcal we have,
T2 U  Q  W
Efficiency of heat engine is   1  40  110  W
T1
W  70J
T1  T2 37.(d) Internal energy is a thermodynamic property
or   T1 whereas enthalpy, work done and gibb’s energy
Here, T1  273  127  400 K are re lati on s/ex pre ssio ns i n te rms of
thermodynamic properties.
T2  273  27  300 K

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 Hints & Solutions

EXEPLANATION
4. (d) fmax  m2 A
CHAPTER-1  8 = (0.01). 2 . 2
OSCILLATIONS  2 
2

    400  T  0.31s
-1  T 
  
5. (a) x  –A x0 x  A
 3000 
1. (b)   2f  f  2  2 
  2   3t  
1   1t    2
 2
2 2 
2. (b) T  
 20 10  
3. (c) a  x Acceration is non - uniform When 1  2  1t   2t 
2 2
4. (b) The motion of planets around the sun is
periodic but not simple harmonic motion.  21
t  sec
1  2 8
-2 6. (b) In SHM, the acceleration is ahead of velocity

15 by a phase angle
1. (b) A  Vmax = 0.1 2f   3  f  2

2 2  
2    v  A sin  t  
2. (b) a max   A =   .2 =  2
2 2
3. (a) The body is not uniformly accelerated in case a  A2 sin  t   .
of simple harmonic motion.
-3 7. (c)
A
t
–A +A
O
d2 y
1. (d) For SHM ,  y
dt2
y = a tan  t  is not SHM A
A cos t 
2
2. (a) y  A sin t  B
  2
 y  B  A sin t t  t  sec
3 3 3
object performing SHM with amplitude A and
mean position at pt B. t=2
8. (d)
t=1
3. (c) a
a t 

t=0
d2 d1
a/ 2

a   T d1 a  a cos 
a sin t   t   t   
2 4 4 8 d1  d2 a  a cos 2

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 Hints & Solutions

d2 1  cos 2 d 2 -5
1   2  1
d1 1  cos  d1 2 1
d2 1 k
1. (a) n
 d  2 1 2 m
1
k k'
-4
 Total  2
k'    k  .k
1. (d) a = 0 at mean position  part  1
2. (a) (P.E)max = (K.E)max = Ko. M 2M
3. (c) In SHM PE = K.E at 4 instants of time when x 1 k' 1 2k
A n'   n
2 m' 2 2m
= 
2  n’ = n
4. (d) W.D by pendulum = zero
1 E 3E k
  2. (b) 
5. (b)
2 a

m2 A 2  x 2  k = 2 . a 2  x 2 
4
 m
Vmax  a
a2 a
 x2  x   a1 k1  a 2 k 2
4 2
1 1 A 2 a1 k2
6. (a) P.E  M2 x 2 = 2.5  m2 
2 2 4 a2 k1
1 1
T.E  m2 A 2  4   2.5   10J 3. (d) T
2 
7. (c) At mean positions .KE is maximum and PE is
zero. 4. (d) k1 k2 k1 k2

1 m m
8. (b) K.E.  m2  a 2  x 2 
2 v=5 m/s v=0

Where x  0, K.E is maximum and is equal to

1 Due to impulse the in block given a velocity
m2a 2 .  
2 I   F.dt  P
9. (b) ln SHM, total energy = potential energy + 50  m.  v f  vi 
kinetic energy
50  10.v f  v  5m/s
or E  U  K
At Extrenice position,
1 1 1 1 1 1
 m2 y 2  m2  A 2  y 2   m2 A 2 mv 2   k1A 2  k 2 A 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
When the particle is half way to its end point (By energy conservation)
ie, at half of its amplitude, then 10.52  360.A 2
A 5
y A   0.83m
2 6
Hence, potential energy m
m
2 5. (c) T '  2 = 2
1 A k' 4/3k
U m2  
2 2
  Total  k  4 k 
1 1  k '  
  m2 A 2   part 3 
42 
3
E T'  .T
U . 2
4
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 Hints & Solutions

k eff 3k 7. (a) L   4L
6. (a)   2f  =
m m 4L
T   2  2T .
k1k 2 g
7. (d) k eff  [For series connection]
k1  k 2

8. (b) T  2 .
1 1 1 1 ge
8. (a)  T1 : T2 : T3  : :  1: 2 :
k1 k2 k3 2 Here, ge =effective value of g, which is zero
in a freely falling lift. Hence, T   .
-6
-7

I
1. (b) T  2
mg
I
 I increases, T also increase. 1. (d) T = 2
mgd

T  2 1/2 2
2. (b)
g 2
 a2  T  2
3g
T decreases
m 2
 I
3. (c) T  2 3
g

Time period is independent of the material d
properties. 2
2. (d) Similar as solution 1.
39.2
4. (a)  3. (b) Similar as solution 1.
2
-8
39.2
T  2  4sec
n2 1. (a) A  A0e kt

 ' 121  A 
5. (d) T  2 = T '  2 = 2  /g ln    kt
g g 100  A0 

11   A 0 /2 
2
=
10 g  ln  A   k.1 ....(1)
 0 
11
T'  .T  A 
10  ln  A    k.2 ....(2)
 0
 T ' T   11/10  1  From (1) and (2)
% change =    100     100
 T   1 
= 10%  A   A0 
ln    2ln  
 A0   2A0 
6. (d) g '  g2  a2
A 1 A
 A 0
A 0 22 4
a
g 2. (b) Frequency is less than with dmaping .
3. (b) Conceptual
a 4. (a) Conceptual
5. (c) Conceptual

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 Hints & Solutions
b = damping constant
-9
a0
Ist case : t = 100 T and a =
1. (c) y  0.2sin 10t  1.5  cos 10t  1.5  3

y  0.1sin 2 10t  1.5  a0 1

  a 0 e  b(100T )  e 100bT 
[using 2sin A cos A  sin 2A ] 3 3
y  0.1sin  20t  3 IInd cases : t = 200 T
This equation represents simple harmonic a  a 0 e  bt  a 0 e  b(200T )
motion of angular
frequency 20 100bt 2 1
= a 0 (e )  a0   
3
2 2 1
 Time Period T     0.1s . 3. (a)  A  5
 20 10 x  3 sin 2t  4 cos 2t

2. (b) x  12sin  t   16sin3  t  Vmax  A  5  2

x  4  2sin  t   4 sin3  t   Vmax  10 (5, 10)

x  4sin  3t  4. (b)

Maximum acceleration  A2

A  4,   3
2
Max acceleration  4  3   362 .

 
3. (c) x  a cos t   sin  t  
 2 I
T  2
y  a sin t mg
As the child stands up, I decreases and as a

 and A1 = A2 = a result T decreses.
2
 circle 1 k
5. (b) f
4. (b) Conceputal 2 M
LEVEL - I When spring is cut into 2 havles each sprin
will have 2k as the constant.
Topic 1 : Periodic & OScillatory Motion 1 2k
f  2f
2 m
m 42 M k1
1. (b) T1  2  T12   T12 
k1 k1 4 2 m m m
6. (d) T  2  2
k eff  k1  k 2 
M 4 2 m k2
T2  2  T12  T 2 
k2 k2  2 4 2 m
7. (b)
m 4 2 m k k k1 k1
T0  2  T02   T02  1 2 2
k1  k 2 k1  k 2 4 m

Hence T02  T12  T22

2. (d) In case of damped vibration, amplitde at any k2
instant is
a  a 0e b
where a0 = initial amplitude Kequ for K1 and k1 = 2K1 and k2 are in series

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 Hints & Solutions
1
1 1 1  1 1  mg
  k   kA = mg  A =
Hence 
k eff 2k1 k 2  ef  2k1 k 2  k
Given, m = 2kg, k = 200 Nm–1.
and g = 10 ms–2
 1 k eff 
8. (c)   2  10 10
f1  2 m 1  k.k  / k  k  3 3  A   10cm
    200 100
f2  1 k eff   k.k  / 2k  k  4 2
  14. (c) Let equation of SHM is x = A sin  t  , Where
 2 m 2
A = 0.2 m,
1  v  A cos(t)
9.(a) W  Kx 2 and K A  K B
2  Velcoity at mean position v  A
work done on spring A will be more than
2
work done on spring B (for same x) Given, Time period = 0.01 =    200

As F  Kx, therefore, x  F K
 Velocity = 0.2 × 200 = 40
As K A  K B  x A  x B 15. (b) Only clock S will keep correct time
1 1F  1 16. (a) Given,
As W  Kx  (2)    x 2  Fx f = 300 Hz
2 2 x  2
A = 0.1 cm
i.e., more work is required in case of spring As.   2f = 2  300
B than in the case of spring A.
  600 rad / sec
10.(a) v  v 0 sin t
A = 0.1 cm = .1 × 10–2 m
Time Period
frequence Maximum velocity =  = 0.1 × 10–2 × 600

1 1 100 = 0.6 m / s
    25Hz . Hence, option (a)
Time Period 0.04 4
17. (b) Equation of simple harmonic motion is given
Topic 2 :Simple Harmonic motion by
x  A sin  t   
11 . (d)   3.5radian / sec
Given equaiton, x = 0.34 cos (3000 t + 0.74)
Maximum acceleration of a particle under
here   3000
SHM = 2a where a is amplitude of
oscillation. 
Frequency =
2 2
 a  7.5  (3.5) a  7.5 2
f = 3000 / 2
7.5 30
 a   0.61m 18. (a) v max  a  3  100  300units
3.5  3.5 49
19. (b) Maximum velocity
 V
12. (a) Vmax  a  f   max 2
2 2a v max  a, v max  a 
T
31.4 31.4
=   1Hz 2a 2  3.14  7  103
2  5 10 rArrT    0.01s
13. (c) Restoring force on spring is given by v max 4.4
F = ka
 
As restoring force is balanced by wieght mg 20. (b) y  10 sin  20t  
of block. For man to execute simple harmonic  3
motion of amplitude A, Comparing with below equation,
y  A sin  t    where  = angular velocity
= 20
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 Hints & Solutions
2
2   a 1cm sec
Time period T =   w2  
  10 x 1cm
21.(b) Equation of simple harmonic wave is w  1rad sec
y  A sin  t    2 2
T  sec  2 sec .
w 1
A 27.(d) Amplitude, A=2cm
 A sin  t    
2 At mean position velocity is maximum
v max  A  12
 5
So,   t    or
 2  2n  12  n  3  Hz .
6 6
So, the phase difference of the two particles 28. (d) The value of acceleration is maximum at the
when they are crossing each other at extreme points
4 29. (a) 16 ms–1
y in opposite directions are
2 Topic 3 :Energy in simple harmonic Motion
5  2 30.(a) Kinetic energy+potential energy-total energy
  1  2    . When kinetic energy is maximum, potential
6 6 3
energy is zero and vice versa.
22.(d) v0 3 /2  Maximum potential energy = total energy.
23.(a) a  2 x 0  k 0  k 0 (K.E. +P.E. = total energy).
31.(c) From law of conservation of energy,
  2rad sec .
KE  E  4J
24.(a) Let equation of SHM is x  A sin(t) , where
32.(d) m  4gm
A = 5 cm
 v  A cos(t) U  8x 2
dU d
Given , Time period =  
2
2
F
d

dx
 8x 2 

F  16x
x = 5 sin(2t),
At a displacement 3 cm,  3 = 5 sin (2t) F x 2cm  16  (2)  32dyne .
4 33. (a) k(1 + 1/n)
 cos (2t) = ,
5
Topic 4 :Some system executing simple
4 harmonic motion
v = 5 × 2 cos (2t) = 5 × 2 × = 8 cm–1
5 34.(a) For simple harmonic motion,
25.(a) Maximum acceleration = A2 v   a2  x2 ,
2 2
  2    a
    1  1.57   When x 
 2  T   2  2
a a2 3 2
 2
4 2
2
4  4 2 When x  , v   a2   a .
  2  T  2 4 4
4 T 2
2 2 3  3a
 T2 = 16 As   , v   av .
T T 2 T
26.(c) x  1cm 35.(b) Equal to T
v  1cm sec
m
2 36. (c) T  2
a  1cm sec k
a  w 2 x  T m
a w x 2 T2 m2 T2 40g
  = T2 = 20s
T1 m1  10 10g

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 Hints & Solutions
37.(c) Let Ararr suspension point Brarr Centre of
Gravity,
1 1
 h moment of inertia about A is
2 2 l T1
41.(c) T
m2 m2 m m
ICG  mh2   2
4 3

m 2 m2 m2 
   T  2
12 4 3 g
In time period formula thereis no dependly
 I  2m2 2 on mass T is indep. of mass.
 T  2    2 2
 mg  3mg 3g
 39.2
let the time period T is equal to the time 42.(a) T  2  T  2 2  4s
g   9.8
period of simple pendulum of lenght x
43.(a) L   4L
x
 T  2 4L
g T   2  2T .
g
2 x 2
So, 3g  y  x  44.(b) Re = 6400000M
3
g = 9.8 m/s2
 lenght of the simple pendulum  (2 ) 3 .
Re
38. (b) 50kg T  2
39. (a) When spring is horizontal the acceleration 1  (Re/ L)g
due to gravity acting direction changes. But
Re
m 2
in case of Time period of spring  2 =  Re 
k 1  g
 Re 
Mass is does not depends on acceleration due
to gravity. Re 6400000
In the same way k= spring constant. also does = 2 = 2  .14  = 59.8 min
2g 2  9.8
not on acceleration due to gravity.
So that horizontal, plane, its period of
oscillation will not change. 2k
In a horizontal, plane, its period of oscillation 45.(d) 2
g
will be T.
40.(b) Given, mass of object m  4kg
velocity of object v  6m s 46.(a)
l
force constant of spring k  900N m
 object moves and strike a spring and
compress it 
So, kinetic energy of object is equal to the
potential energy of spring mgcos
mg
1 2 mv 2  1 2 kx 2 mgsin
 4  6  6  900  kx 2
 144 900  kx 2 T  mg sin   a  mg sin 

x 144 900  g

m  2 sin  
 x  12 30  2
 k2 

 x  4 10 d
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 Hints & Solutions
52.(a) For a damped harmonic oscillator, Amplitude
g g
a   2    (A)  A 0 e  bt 2m
   k2 
1
  k2
Suppose that the amplitude drops to half of
2 2  k 2 2  k2
its original value after time t1.
T  2 2  g  2   bt  bt
 g  A0 1
1 1
  A 0 e 2m   e 2m
2 2
 T2 
 2     k  0.
2
 Taking natural logarithms on both sides,
 4  we get
 I  1 bt
47.(a) T  2  mgI  log e     1
  2 2m
Distance between point of saspension and 1
2m log e  
centre of gravity. 2
 t1 
d b
I MK 2 1
2  But log    0.693 (given)
mgd 2
  0. m  200g and b  40 g s
48.(a) 2R  U sin g these values in (2), we get
I 2  200  0.693
49.(a) T  2  t1   6.93  7s .
mgR 40
53.(a) Resonance is an example of forced oscillation.
1 54.(b) Smaller damping gives a taller and narrower
I of disc  MR 2
2 resonance peak.
using parallel axis theorem
Moment of Inertia about point or periphery
1 3 LEVEL - II
 MR 2  MR 2  MR 2
2 2
Putting in (i) k1 k2
2
1. (d) m
3MR
T  2
2MgR P
3R x1  x 2  A [where x1 and x2 are individual ex-
T  2 .
2g tension in spring 1 and 2]
50.(d) 9R/4 Also, k1x1  k 2x 2
x1  x 2  A
Topic 5 :Damped simple harmonic motion
k1 k2A
x1  .x1  A  x1 
k
x k2  k1  k 2 
m 2. (d)
51.(c)

b A
x
kx 9 t
bv +A
+A
2
Fdamping v
F  kx  6v .
–kx: restoring force
–bv: damping force.

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 Hints & Solutions

 7. (a) U  kx 3
A cos t 
2 1
U max  m2 A 2  k.a 3
  T 2
t  = t 
2 3 6
2ka

m
3. (b)
1
 a & T  a
2
2
A B
8. (d) 
U  k 1  e x
2
 = dxdu  k.e  x2
.  2x 

2
F  –2kx.e x
at x = 0, f=0 [mean position]
For x > 0, f = –ve Restrory force
x<0 f = +ve
 2
400   =  4= T   8sec  The oscillatory motion becomes SHM for
  small displacements.
4. (d) 1
9. (a) P.E = m2 x 2
 2
 1
P.E  m2 A 2 cos 2 t
2
d1 d2
1
10. (d) P.E  m2 x 2
2
1
d1

A sin  K.E 
2
m2 A 2  x 2  
d1  d2 A sin 2
11. (c) extreme equilibrium extreme
 2  |________________|_____________|
sin 2.  
d  8  d2 P.E = max K.E= max P.E=max
1 2 
 d1  2  = d  2  1 K.E = 0 P.E = 0 K.E = 0
sin   1
 8  1
12. (b) K.E. 
2
m2 A2  x 2 
d1
= d  2 1 Fa x  A cos t
2
1
k m2 A 2.sin2 t
1 2
K.E 2 
m2 A 2  x 2 
A 2   A /2 
2
3
   T/4 T/4
5. (c) P.E 1  A /2 
2
1 k.dt sin2 t
2
2 2
m x
k avg 
 0 1
 m2 A 2
0
T/4 T/4
 dt 2
0 0
dt
A B
6. (d) U 2   T/4 (1  cos 2 t) 
x x
1  0 
du 2A B m2 A 2  2 
  0  3  2  0 = x  2A/B = 2 T/4
dx x x   dt 
0
d 2u  
  0 of mean position 1 2 2
dx = m  2f  .A
4
2A
Hence x  = k avg  m2 .A 2 .f 2
B
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 Hints & Solutions
13. (d) Vmax  A comparing with a  2 x

14. (b) 5kg (k  A.g) 1 (k  Ag)

 = f
m 2 m

k k

1kg F
x
17. (d) 
k L

5kg 1kg
 F /A A
x F .x
k x /L L
A
meff. 1 5.1/(5  1) Reotoung forec =  .x
T  2  L
geff. 2 2k
A
a .x = a  2 x
5 M.L
 T  2
12k A  L2 M
  = T  2
m M.L M.L .L
15. (d) T  2
x
18. (b)
m
4  2 .....(1)
5 F
m
T  2 ......(2)
(20  5)
Equation (1) / equation (2)
4
T
5 kx

16. (b) m

Fnet    kx  f 
 kx  yAx   yA  1
m.a  –   = a  – k  .x
FB  L   L  m
kx
comparing with a = – 2x
T  2 myAx
x
19. (a) x  10sin  4t   

v  40  4t  
40
FNet    k x  fB  at t = 0, v
2
a
 kx  .A.x.g 
1 
m  cos  4.0    =  
2 4
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 Hints & Solutions

k b2 
1/2
 3
v 2  52  52.   2.5m/s  v
20. (a)     2   4
 m 4m 
1/2 k 200
k b2  29. (b)     10 2  14.1rad/sec
21. (b)     m 1
2 
 m 4m 
t=2
2
T t=1

30. (c)
22. (d) A  A0.e kt 2
A  t=0
ln A  kt
0 a
E
23. (b)  e 3t/n
E0
A2 1 a
As E  =  e 3t/m  2  e 3t/2m  A  A cos   a  cos   1 
2 A
n0 2 a  b
24. (d)  n0 e (6)  A  A cos 2  a  b  cos   1   A 
n  
2
1 1 1  a  a b
 e x =   e 2 
3
 2  1  1   
n n  A   A 
1 1
3 2a 2
    n = 33   3a  b   A
n 3
25. (a) A  A0  bt/2m 25 1
31.(c) T  sec
50 2
 A   bt
n   m 1
 A 0  2m 2   42 .m.22  k 802  k
k 2
 a   k.x  f
26. (d) ln  a   kt
 0 2 5
 80   F = 42
100
 a /3 
ln  0   k100.T 
32. (a) v 2  2 A 2  x 2 
 a0  a  2 x
 a 
ln 
a
  k200.T = a  0
u2  2 A 2
 x12  a  – 2 x1
 a0  9
v 2  2 A
2
 x 22  b  –2 x 2
 Vmax 1 A11 10.  2 /16  3
27. (a)    
v 2  u2  2 . x12  x 22 
 Vmax 2 A 22 5.  2 /24  1
v 2  u2  2  x1  x 2  x1  x 2  ...(1)
28. (b) a  b  – 3  x1  x 2  ...(2)
a
/6 equation (1) / equation (2)
a cos /6 u2  v 2
x1  x 2 
ab
33. (a) a  – 2 A.cos t
v   a.dt  A.sin t

v 2  2 A 2  x 2  34. (d) at t = 0, a  max
v = 0  k.E = 0
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 Hints & Solutions

35. (a) 39. (c)

k/2
kx1 k/2
kx2
l
m1
m2
m2
Fnet  2f  2  Q    
kx1   m1  m2  g kx 2  m2g

Tnet  k..  mg. .
m1g 2
x1  x 2  A 
k  k 2 mg 
 .  .
I I 2
36. (d)
k 2 mg
 
m 2/3
2.m2/3

3k 3g
 
m 2

t=0
 kA k 40. (b) t=1 sec
fnet  0  
 mg m 2
t=2sec
0 2
km  d1 d
mg
Vmax  A  
k
mg g 1 2
= .  = m/s cos
m 2
 2 d1 A cos  8  1/ 2
 
d 2 A  A cos  2 1
1  cos 1
I 8 2
37. (b) T  2
mg
1
 ML2  =
I
3
 mL2   2 1 
 
du
I 41. (c) F   2bx
38. (d) T  2 dx
mg
2b
I  MDI about AOR a .x
m
  distance from COM.
2b

m

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 Hints & Solutions
 
42. (d) x  a1 sin t  a 2 cos  t   47.(a)
 6
R
 
a1 sin t  a 2 sin   t  
 2 6 

43. (b) O
Oscillation about O.
I
T  2
f mg

m
f 48. (d) T  2  5 sec
k
49.(a) Spring 1, (k1, x1) spring - 2 (k2, x2)
F  f  ma ....(1) x1 + x2 = 20
I k1x1 = k2x2
fR  I  f  .....(2) (x1 = 15 cm)
R
(x2 = 5 cm)
(1) & (2)
x = (20 +15) = 35 cm
I MR 2 a
F  m.a  = m.a  . m 0.1 
R 2 R2 T  2R1  2 
k1  k 2 4000 100
3ma
–kx 
2
2k 2k 50. (c) F F1 = m2A
a x =
3m 3m mg sin
2
fp = m3 A
44. (b) B
f
A mg cos

amax = 2A Fp  mg sin   f2

Fpseudo  Hmg m2 .A  mg sin   2 tan .mg cos 

m2 A  µmg g sin 
µg A
A 2  k 
  
 3m 
0.6  10
A max   0.6m
 2 /2
2 3mg sin 
 A max 
k
k 1 m
45. (c) v max  A  x 0 . t  .2
mg. /2 3g
m 4 k  2
mg m   /2 
2

51. (b)   =
T1 m1 I
46. (b) T  m1  m2
3
2

  20
3 12
  M  36
6 12  m
2 2 2

2
52. (c) v1  w A  x1 

v 22  w 2 A 2  x 22 
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 Hints & Solutions
53.(a) 2
d y
2.(b) y  kt 2   2k
dt
x a y  2 ms s 2  ask  1m s2 
d
d
v0 
 m T1  2
g
v=0

and T2  2 g  a
y

x d v0 T12 g  a y 10  2 6
    .
 T22 g 10 5
m  Correct anser is (b).
3.(c) Let equation of SHM be:
SECTION-B x  A sin  t 
(Assertion and Reason Type) From the given data,
1. (a) conceptual 3A
2. (a) conceptual  A sin  2
2
3. (c) conceptual
4. (d) conceptual 2   3
5. (a) conceptual 2  2 T   3
6. (a) conceptual
7. (a) conceptual T  12sec .
8. (c) conceptual
9. (c) conceptual
4.(d) 
x  12sin t  16sin3 t  4 3sin t  4sin3 t
10. (c) conceptual  4 sin 3t 
11. (d) conceptual
(By using sin 3  3 sin   4 sin3  ]
SECTION-C
(Takshila Challengers)  Maximum acceleration
2
A max   3   4  362 .
3
1. (b) V x   k x kA
5.(a) a  A2 
m
 k 
 V   ML2 T 2  ML1T 2
x L3 am 9.8 1
 A   = 2.45 m
k 4 1
Now time period on T and (mass)x (amplitude)y
6. (a)
x y z
(k)z Mº Lº T   M L  ML1 T 2 

 M x  y Ly  x T 2z 
2
Equating the powers, we get 2z  1 or
x (displaced from m.p)
z   1 2 y  z  0 y  z  1 2

1
Hence T  (amplitude)–1/2 or T  .
a

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 Hints & Solutions
–kx.L  Net = I  kL.x  –kL  L

 kL2
 
I ( l+x )
k 2 k 2
 
I m2 /3
x
3k

m FNet  mg – 25.2    x  tan( /2)
2
 k  kA m.a  –45 tan   /2 .x
7. (c) fmax  A = A 
2
 
 m  2m 45 tan  /2
a .x
m
Using from equation (1)
8. (d) Ep
mg
a .x
m
mp
g
a .x

m
Half cycle  T1   g
k 
2

10. (c) N
k

0 Displaced 0
From m.p
mgsin
mg mg mg
k

N = 2mg Net  mg sin .
2
N
Half cycle  T2   ML2 mg
2k Equlibrium .  .
Total time = T1 + T2 3 2
3g
9. (c)  .
2L
(/2)
( /2)

3g
l 
2L

l tan(/2)
SECTION-D
(Previous Year Question)
mg
Equilibrium
1. (b) Amplitude A = 3 cm
mg  2.5 2 tan   /2   ...(1) When particle is at x = 2 cm,
is |velocity | = |acceleration |

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 Hints & Solutions
2 2
A2  x 2 V V
1 2
i.e.  A 2  x 2  2 x    w 2 2
x x x
2 1

w x 22  x12
2  2  4 T  2r .
T  2   2r V12  V22
  5 5
5.(c) lf A and  be amplitude and angular
2. (b) Lengths when cut in ratio , 1 : 2 : 3 ae frequency of vibration, then
     2 A ...(i)
, and
6 3 2 and   A ...(ii)
1 Dividing eqn. (i) by eqn. (ii), we get
Spring cosntant (k) 
length( )  2 A
 
Sp ring cons tant of g iv en se gm ents  A
k1  6k, k 2  3k and k 3  2k  Time period of vibration is
When they are connected in series 2 2 2
T  
1
,
1

1 1
 ,
6   /   .
k 6k 2k k 6k
6.(c) Here, X  A cos t
 Force constant k   k
And when they are connected in parallel dX d
 Velocity v    A cos t    A sin t
dt dt
k   6k  3k  2k  k   11k
Then the ratio’s. Acceleration,

k 1 dy d
 i.e.. k   k   1 :11 . a   A sin t   A2 cos t
k  11 dt dt
3.(b) The two d is plac eme nt e quation are
Hence the variation of a with t is correctly
y1  a sin  t  ltbrtgt and shown by graph.
  x
y 2  b cos  t   b  t   7.(d) x  a sin t or  sin t ...(i)
 2 a
y eq  y1  y 2 dx
Velocity, v   a cos t ...(ii)
 a sin t  b cos t dt

  v
a sin t  b sin  t    cos t
 2  a
Since the frequency for both SHM are same Squaring and adding (i) and (ii), we get
resultant motion will be SHM x2 v2
  sin2 t  cos2 t
cos    a 2 a 2 2
2 2
Now, A eq  a  b  2ab
2 x2 y2
2
 2 2 1
 a 2  b2 . a a 
It is an equation of ellips.
4.(a) V2  w2  A2  x 2 
Hence, the graph between velocity and
V12  w 2  A 2  x12  displacement is an ellipse.
Momentum of the particle = mv
V22  w 2  A 2  x 22   The nature of graph of the momentum and
displacement is same as that of velocity and
V12  V22  w 2  x 22  x12  displacement.

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 Hints & Solutions
8.(b) The given wave equation is 2
T
 
y  3 sin 50t  x 
2 1
y  sin3 t  3 sin t  sin 3t 
   4
y  3 sin  25t  x  ...(i)
 2  It represents a periodic motion with time
The standard wave equation is period

y  A sin  t  kx  ...(ii) 2
T but not SHM.

Comparing (i) and (ii), we get
  3 
  25, k  y  5 cos   3t 
2  4 
Wave velocity,  3 
 5 cos  3t    cos     cos  
 25  4 
v  ms 1
k   2   50 t represents a SHM with time period,
2
gy     T y  1  t  2 t 2
Particle velocity, v p   3 sin  25t    3
dt   2
It represents a non-periodic motion, where
  y increases with increase in t.
 75  cos  25 t  
 2 Thus y  sin t  cos t and
Maximum particle velocity,
 3 
y  5 cos   3t  represent SHMs.
v p max  75ms 1
 4 

v 
p max 75  3 12.(b)
   .
v 50 2
9.(c) Given, x = –A A x=0 A x=A
x=– x=
Daming force  velocity 2 2
Fv The time taken by the particle to travel from
F  kv A T
x  0 to x  is .
F 2 12
k
v The time taken by the particle to travel from
unit of F A T
Unit of k  x  A to x  is
unit of v 2 6

kg  ms 2 T T T
  kgs 1 . Time difference   
ms 1 6 6 3
10.(a) Motion start from extreme position and for 2
small displacement it is SHM y Phase difference    Time difference
T
y  A cos  t    . 2 T 2
   .
11.(c) y  sin t  cos t T 3 3
13.(c) x  a sin2 t
 1 1   
 2 sin t  cos t   2 sin  t    1  cos 2t 
  cos 2  1  2sin  
2
 2 2   4 a
 2 
It represents a SHM with time period, a a cos 2t
 
2 2
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 Hints & Solutions
dx 2a sin2t 16.(a) For simple harmonic motion,
 Velocity, v    a sin2t
dt 2 v   a2  x2
dv a
Acceleration, a   22a cos 2t when x 
dt 2
For the given displacement x  a sin2 t,
a a2 3 2
a   x is not satisfied. When x  , v   a2   a .
2 4 4
Hence, the motion of the particle is non
simple harmonic motion. 2 2 3  3a
As   , v  . av .
14.(c) A mass M is suspended from a massless T T 2 T
spring of spring constant k as shown in figure
17.(a) When the mass attached to a spring fixed at
(a).
the other end is allowed to fall suddenly, it
extends the spring by x. Potential energy lost
by the mass is gained by the spring.
k 1 2 2Mg
Mgx  kx  x  .
(a) 2 k

M 18.(b) 1  100rads 1; 2  1000rads 1 .

Maximum acceleration of (1)  12 A
Then,
Time period of oscillation is Maximum acceleration of (2)  22 A
M accln(1) 12 (100)2 1
T  2 ...(i)   2  
k accln(2) 2 (1000)2 100
When a another mass M is also suspended
with it as shown in figure (b). a(1) : a(2)  1 :100.
19.(d) x  a sin  t   6 

dx
a cos  t   6 
k dt
Max, velocity  a
a
M   a cos  t   6  ;
2
M
1
 cos  t   6  
Then, 2
Time period of oscillation is
2 2
MM 2M 60º or radian  .t   6
T   2  2 6 T
k k
2 2 2 2
.t   
 M T 6 6 6
 2  2   2T (Using (i))
 k
 T T
15.(a) a  kX, X  x  a. In s imp le harm onic t      .
6 2 12
motion acceleration is directly proportional
to the displacement from the mean position.
20.(d) The displacement equation of particle
Also the acceleration is in the opposite
executing SHM is 40Ar...(i) Velocity, 40k...(ii)
direction of displacement.
Acceleration, 2.95  1011 yr ? (iii) Fig. (i) is a

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 Hints & Solutions
plot of Eq. (i) with   0. Fig. (ii) also with If the restoring force mA2  mg, then the
  0. Fig. (iii) is a plot of Eq. (iii). It should mass will move up with acce leration,
be noted that in the figures the curve of v is detached from the pan.
shifted (to the left) from the curve of x by one- g 20
quarter period 2.95×109yr . Similarly, the i,e., A  A  0.10m.
k m 200
acceleration curve of A is shifted (to the left)
by 4.37×109yr relative to the velocity curve The amplitude > 10 cm. i.e. the minimum is
of v . This imp lies that v eloc ity is just greater than 10 cm.
4. 37×1 0 11 yr  out of phas e with the (The actual compression will include x0 also.
But when talking of amplitude, it is always
displacement and the acceleration is  out from the equilibrium position with respect
 to which the mass is oscillating.
of phase with the velocity but out of phase
 23.(b) Let the equatio of motion be x  A sin t
with displacement. At t=0, x=0 and hence tehparticle is at its
me an p os ition. Its veloc ity is
v  A cos t  A which is positive. So it is
x
Displacement

A
+a going towards x 
2
0 t
A
The particle will be at x  , time t where
–a T 2
(i) A
 A sin t
+ a 2
Velocity

1 
0 t or sin t  or t 
2 6
–a here minimum positive value of ?t is chosen
(ii) because we are intgerested in finding teh
time taken by the particle to directly go from
2
Acceleration

+ a
A
x0x .
2
t
2
– a (iii)

 T
Thus, t    .
   12
6
62 
 T
21.(c) Kinetic energy + potential energy = total 1
24.(b) Potential energy of a spring   force
energy. When kinetic energy is maximum, 2
potential energy is zero and vice versa.  constant × (extension)2
Maximum potential energy total energy.
 Potential energy  (extension)2
0  K 0  K 0 (K.E. + P.E. = total energy). 2 2
U x  U 2
22.(a) The spring has a length l, When m in is plaeed or, 1   1  or, 1   
U2  x 2  U2  8 
over it. the equilibrium position becomes O'.
If it is pressed from O' (the equilibrium U1 1
or,  or, U2  16U1  16U.  U1  U  .
position) to O", O'O" is the amplitude. U2 16

mg 2  10 25.(d) a  5cm, v max  31.4 cm s

OO’    0.10m.mg  kx 0 .
k 200 v max  a  31.4  2v  5
 31.4  10  31.4  v  v  1Hz.

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 Hints & Solutions
26.(a) In s im ple har monic motion, the 2
1 A
displacement equation is, y  A sin t where U m2  
2 2
A is amplitude of the motion.
1 1 2 2
dy   m A 
Velocity, v   A cos t 42 
dt
E
v  A 1  sin2 t U .
4
v   A2  y2 ...(i) 29.(b) Potential energy of particle performing SHM
varies parabolically in such a way that at
dv d mean position it becomes zero and maximum
Acceleration, a    A cos t 
dt dt at extreme position.
a  A2 sin t 30.(d) Let k be the force constant of spring. If k' is
the force constant of each part, then
a  2 y ...(ii)
1 4
When y  0; v  A  v max   k  4k
k k
a  0  a min
1 m T
 Time period   2  .
When y  A; v  0  v min 2 k 2
a  2 A  a max 31.(b) The resonance wave becomes very sharp
Hence, it is clear that when v is maximum, when damping force is small.
then a is minimum (ie, zero) or vice-versa.
1 2
27.(a) When the spring joined in series the total 32.(c) P E  kx
2
extension in spring is
F F 1
 y  y1  y 2   Pmax  ka 2
k1 k 2 2

1 1 2 11 2 
1 1 P Pmax = kx   ka 
 y F   4 2 42 
k
 1 k 2

Thus spring constant in this case becomes a2

x2 
4
k1k 2
k . a
k1  k 2 x .
2
28.(d) ln SHM, total energy = potential energy +
kinetic energy 33.(d) t 0 2  t12  t 22
or E  U  K
34.(a) This is a case of damped vibration as the
1 1 amplitude of vibration is decreasing with
 m2 y 2 
2 2m2
 A2  y2 
time.
1 Amplitude of vibrations at any instant t is
 m2 A 2
2 given by a  a 0 e  bt where a0 is the initial
When the particle is half way to its end point
amplitude of vibrations and b is the damping
ie, at half of its amplitude, then
constant.
A
y Now, when t  100T, a  a 0 / 3 [T is time
2
Hence, potential energy period]
Let the amplitude be a' at t  200T .
i.e. after completing 200 oscillations.

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 Hints & Solutions
100
 a  a 0 3  a 0e Tb ...(i) 1 g
41.(c) Frequency of the pendulum v l 5 
and a   a 0 e 200Tb
...(ii) 2 5

1 1 g
 e 100Tb ,  e 200 Tb  1 9. v l 20 
From (i), 2 20
3
v 20
1 a0  l 5   2  v l 5  2v l 20
From (ii), a   a 0   . v l 20 5
9 9
As shorter length pendulum has frequency
 The amplitude will be reduced to 1 9 of doub le the larg er length p endulum.
initial value. Ther ef ore s hor te r pendulum should
complete 2 oscillations before they will
35.(b)
be again in phase.
36.(b) When a negatively charged pendulum
42.(a) conceptual
oscillates over a positively charged plate, then
43.(c) l2  1.02l1
effective value of g increase so according to

l 
T  2 , T decreases. Time period (T)  2   
g g

1 g 1 g T2 2 1.021
37.(c) fA  , fB  Therefore    1.01 Thus
2 L A 2 L B T1 1 1
time period increased by 1%.
fA  2fB
44.(a) The time period of the pendulum
1 g 1 g
 2 T  2 1 g  T  1
2 L A 2 L B
Initially the centre of mass of the sphere is
1 1 LB at the centre of the sphere. As the water
 4 LA  .
LA LB 4 slowly flows out of the hole at the bottom, the
  CM of the liquid (hollow sphere) first goes on
38.(d) x  A cos  t  a     A sin  t  a  downward and then upward. Hence, the
 2
effective length of the pendulum first
 x2  y2  A2 sin2  t  a   cos2  t  a   A2
increases and then decreases.
which is an equation of a circle. Since y is
45.(b) v   A2  x 2
+ve and x is –ve, so the circular motion is
couter clockwise. v max
  A2  x 2
39.(d) Time period of a simple pendulum is given 2
A
l   A2  x 2
by T  2  T  l. 2
g
A2 3A 2
 A2  x 2  x2 
T1 1 1 1 4 4
    or T  2T  4 sec .
t2 2 4 2 2 1 3A
x .
2
1 k 1 k 46.(c) conceptual
40.(c) n ; n   n  n 2 .
2 m 2 4m

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 Hints &
Hints & Solutions
Solutions

EXEPLANATION
2. (b) fv f T
CHAPTER-2 f1 T1
  T2  16T1
f2 T2
WAVES MOTION
-1 1 T
3. (c) f  v /   f
 .A
v 3  108 1
1.(a)    10m n
f 30  106 
Q  /5
2.(b) x    0.05 T 400  10 –2
k  / 0.5 
2 4. (b) V 
 0.1  10 –3
3.(c) y 2  5 sin 3   3 cos 3t  v = 200m/s

    v 200
 5 1  3 sin   3t    10 sin  3t   f    100Hz
3 3  2L
   
So, A1  10 and A2  10 .
-3

15  –3 1. (a) 5000 m/s

4.(b) Vwave  –  m /s
10  2 2. (b) 2.25 × 109 N/m
5.(c) According to principle of di mensional 2d
homogenity, 3. (c) 2 dv
vs s

x  L 
[k]      1   [T] .     T 1  BV 2  109
 v   LT  d   1414m .
 1000
6.(c) y  104 sin  sin 60t  2x 
Comparing the given equation with the V1 1RT / M1
4. (c) 
standered wave equation travelling in nega- V2 2RT / M2
tive x-direction
y  a sin  t  kx  1 M2 7 /5 4 3
 .  .
2 M1 5 / 3 28 = 5
we get amplitude a  104 m
5. (c) V T
30
Also,   60rad s  2f  60  f  Hz V 1 T 1 V
    1%    0.5%
7.(b) 5 ms–1 V 2 T 2 V
6. (c) Frequency remain same.
-2
7. (d) With increase in humidity the effective den-
sity decreases and velocity increases.
 V -4
1.(d) L f 
2 2L
f1 L 2 1 2
  25 Imax  I1  I2 
f2 L1 4 1. (a)   
1 Imin  I1 – I2 
f2  4  256 = 1024Hz

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 Hints & Solutions
I1  I2  5 I1 – 5 I2 
4. (d)  2n  1  36 for n = 1
2
6 I2  4 I1
  24 cm
I1 6 3
 
I2 4 2 v 330
f    1375Hz
I1 9   24 /100 
 .
I2 4 5. (b) A max  A1  A 2
 Imax  Imin  A min  A1 – A 2
2. (a) Degree of inteference (f) =  I   100
 max  Imin  A max  A min  2A 2
2 2 2
= Imax  k  I1  I2  6. (b) Imax  Imin   I1  I2   I1 – I2 
2
 2  I1  I2 
Imin  k  I1  I2 
-5
2 I1I2
 f  0.6
(I1  I2 )
3 2L
1. (c) For 2nd overtone , L 
I1  I2 10 2 3
 
I1I2 3  3 5
Anti nodes occur at points, , ,
4 4 4
I1 I 10
  2  L 3L
I2 I1 3  at 6 and 6
1 10
x  1 T
x 3 2. (d) n
2 µ
3x 2  3  10x
1
1 3 n
solving x  , 
3 1 n2  1

n1  2
I1 1 I1 1
  1
 I2 3 = I2 9 n2  256 
14
2 n2  256  4
Imax 9  I1  I2 
3. (c)    n2  1024Hz .
Imin 1  I1 – I2 
3. (b) 16 times
 I1  I2  3
  1 T
 I – I  1 4. (a) n
 1 2  L .A
I1
1 1 3T
I2 3 n
 3L .32 A
I1 1
1
I2 1 n
 n  n
I1 3 3 3 3
x 1 3
 . solving x = 2  I  4
x 1 1 2

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 Hints & Solutions
5 nv
5. (a) y max  4sin   cos 90 3.(d)  fn
 15  4L
320
 fn  n.  80n
 4sin    2 3 cm 4 1
3 For
n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ....

6. (c) 2. LL -8
2
-6
1.(a) B.F  200 – x  4
1. (a) 50/3 cm x = 296; 304
T for x of 300Hz is decreased and B.F. de-
3v 4v L 8 L 3
2.(b)   2   1  creases
4L1 2L 2 L1 3 L2 8  x = 296Hz
3.(c) 2700 Hz 2.(b) f1  x , then
nv nv f81  x   81 – 1 .4
4.(d) f– 4  f –4
2L1 2L1
f81  320  x
nv
–f 4 f81  2f
2L 2
320 + x = 2x
nv L f–4 30 f – 4 x = 320
 f 4  2   
2L 2 L1 f  4 31 f  4 f81  320  320
f = 244Hz f81  640Hz
5.(a) 4 kg wt
3.(d) fv  f T
6.(b) 7th overtone = 15th harmonic
V V f1 T1
15  600Hz =  40Hz . 
4L 4L f2 T2
7.(c) 400 Hz
8.(b) f0  fc  2 2 T T 4
  
v v v v
3  T  5 T5 9
or   2 or  2 or  8
2 4 4  9T = 4T + 20
When length of OOP is halved and that of COP 5T = 20
is doubled , the beat frequency will be T = 4kg–wt.
v v 7v 7 -9
f0  fc     8  7.
 8 8  8
-7  I
1.(b) 30  10 log10  
 I 
V 3V
 I
1.(a) 4  L1  r  4  L 2  r   103  1000
I
70.2 + r = 68.1 + 3r 2.(c) Pitch is dependent on the intensity of sound
2r = 2.1 with a direct relationship.
r = 1.05 3.(d) 10 dB
V 3V
2.(b) 
4  L1  r  4  L1  r 
0.35 + r = 3(0.1 + r)
 r  0.025
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 Hints & Solutions
-10 Topic 2: Displacement relation in a
progressive wave
 0.5
1. (a) .C  Vs  .C  Vs  x 
 100 7. (d) y1  10 –6 sin 100t   0.5 
 50 
c
Vs  .
200  x 
y 2  10–6 sin 100t  – 
 50 2 


2.(b) Q  – 0.5
2
= 1.07

8. (a)
 V   352 
f   f    700  704 2l 2l '
 V – V  3.52 – V  t t' 
v v
 352  704 t ' l ' 2l 2
    
 352 – v  700 t l l 1
V = 2m/s. 9. (b) Q  kx
3.(d) Both light and sound waves show doppler’s 2 
effect. Q  .
 2
4.(b) On motion of observe frequency alters.
5.(d) Doppler effect is independent of distance be- Q  
tween source and observe. 10. (d) All points which are distant 2 are in same
6.(d) Frequency remains same with change in phase.
medium.
11. (a) 100
7.(b) n2  n3  n1
12. (a) y1  a sin  t  kx  0.57  m and
LEVEL - I
y 2  a cos  t  kx  m,
Topic 1: Transverse and Longitudinal waves
 
1.(c) On the surface of water transverse waves or y 2  a sin   t  kx  m
occurs. 2 
Phase difference,
2. (a) Quartz crystal produces longitudinal waves.
1 
  2  1   0.57
3. (a) v B v k 2
where k  compressibility = 1.57 – 0.57  1rad
Vsolids  Vliquids  Vgas 13.(d) angular wave number
14.(d) All of these
4. (c)
15. (d) The speed of sound in a gas does not depend
upon pressure of the gas, till temperature
remains constant i.e., speed remains the
same whatever be the pressure. Therefore,
graph (d) is correct.
16. (b) The equation of the wave is
 2 
5.(d) Sound wave propagation is an adiabatic pro- y = 10 sin  t  
 45 
cess.
6. (a) Medium particles vibrate in direction perpen- At t = 0, y = 5 cm
dicular to the propagation of wave.  5 = 10 sin 

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 Hints & Solutions
1  21. (c) As   5cm, v  2, v  v   2  5  cm / s
 sin  or sin    sin 
2 6 = 10 cm/s
 22. (a) Velocity of transverse wave in a stretched
 ...(i)
5
T
 15  string is v  , where mass per unit leng
Hence the total pahse at t = 7.5s   s  is m
 2 
2 15   M 0.1 1
       usin g(i) m=  
45 2 3 6 1 2.5 25
3  T = weight of part of rope hanign below the
= 
6 2 M
point under consideration =   xg
Topic 3: Speed of a travelling wave 1

P M
17. (b) The velocity of sound is given by v =   xg
  1  xg
m
where P is pressure  is density and  is
adiabatic constant.  At upper end velocity = 2.5  10  5m / s
v1 2 4 At a point 0.5 m distance from lower end,
 v    1  2 :1
2 1 velocity = 0.5  10  5  2.24m / s
18. (c) The distance between the two consecutive
Topic 4 : Principle of superposition of
crests in transverse wave motion is called
waves
wavelength.
The boat bounces up, ie, it travels from crest 10
k
to the consecutive crest along wave motion. 23. (c) 32  2 = x = 1 W m–2
20 x
Wavelen gth = distance between two k 2
6
consecutive crests ie, Velocity of wave = 2m/s 24. (c) 2 : 1
Hence, time in one bounce of boat
25. (a) y  A sin  t  kx   A sin  t  kx 
 100
t   4s or y  2A sin t cos kx
v 25
19. (a) The velocity of the sound wave in the medium It represents a standing wave.
is In standing wave, there will be nodes at
locations where y = 0. It will be is cos kx = 0.
P VO2 H2 1 1
v     
 VH2 O2 16 4 or kx (2n + 1) whern n = 0, 1, 2, 3,
2
20. (d) The velocity of the wave in a string is given
2 
as: or x   2n  1
 2
T T
v  
µ r 2 or x   2n  1 , n  0,1,2,3
4
T  1 
v =  n   ,  0,1, 2,....
r  2 2
VA TA rB
. 1 1 1 26. (b) y1  a sin  kx  t 
 V  TB rA =
. 
B 2 2 2 2
y 2  a sin  kx  t 

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 Hints & Solutions
According to the principle of superposition, 
the resultant wave is 32. (c)  10cm or   20 cm  0.20m
2
y  y1  y 2  a sin(kx  t)
v  v  100  0.20m / s  20m / s
Using trigonomatric identity
33. (c) For first closed organ pipe
sin (A + B) + sin (A – B) = 2 sin A cos B
we get , y = 2 sin (kx ) × cos (t) V V v V
n1    
44 4  0.75 3.00 3
Topic 5 : Reflection of waves For second closed organ pipe
27. (c) 45 cm V V
28. (c) In an organ pipe only odd harmonics are n2   B
4l2 4  0.77
found. So, frequency equal.to odd multiple of
1500Hz may be found in this case. Maximum n1  n2  3
audible frequency is 20,000Hz. So, possible V V
frequency are 1500Hz, 4500Hz, 7500Hz,  3
3 4  0.77
10500Hz, 13500Hz, 16500Hz, 19500Hz.
19500Hz will be sixth overtone as 4500 will V 3  3  3.08
  346.5m / sec
be first overtone. 3 0.08
29. (b) Car is the source and the hill is observer.
Frequency heard at the hill, v1 Topic 6 : Beats
u v 600  330
34. (a) If we decrease the frequency of tuning fork,
 v1   v  V   330 – 30 number of beats is increased i.e., difference
of frequency is increased.
Now for reflection, the hill is the source and It means unknown frequency is more than
the driver the observer. 440Hz.
So it is 440+5= 445Hz
330  30 
 v2  v1 
330 1 20 1 20
35. (a) 3

2  0.491 1  10 2  0.516 1  10 3
600  330 360
 v2   = Beat frequency = 7
300 330
36. (b) For sonometer wire
 v2  720Hz n × 100 = (n + 1) × 95
n = no of harmonics
nv
30. (a) Frequency of sound in open pipe v   n = 19
2L
L  L 
where, velocity of sound in air v  T  f  19  2   4  20  2   4  L  16
   
Thus, velocity of sound in air increases with
increase in temperature and so the frequency L
also increases.  f  20  2   4  156Hz
 
31. (d) To generate the second harmonic is a staring
of length stretched between two rigid supports 37.(c) Let the frequency of the unknown fork be v.
has to plucked at I/4 and touched at l/2 For As it produces, 4 beats with 288 Hz,

second harmonic, wavelength  2  of the  v  288  4

standing waves set up on the corresponds to  v  288  4  v  292 or 284 Hz
the n = 2 waxing of fork decreases its frequency.
Thus, Since beat frequency also drops, the frequecy
 n  2l / n of unknown fork has to be v = 292 Hz.
38. (c) f1 = 256 Hzf2 = 262 Hz
 2  2l / 2  l (262 –f) = 2(256 – f)
This shows that we have an antinode at l/2 262 – f = 512 – 2f
This shows that we have an node at l/4. f = 512 – 262 = 250Hz
39. (d) 2f = f × 15 × 8  f = 120 Hz

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 Hints & Solutions
40. (c) f  T  mg Also n = 256 waves per sec OR Hz
Using doppler effect when observe is at rest
 m1g1 = m2g2 and source moves towards the observer:
g
 (1) g = m  6   Vsound 
  n'  n  
 Vsound  Vsource 
 m = 6kg
41. (b)  V 
n '  256    n '  384
42. (c) I1  I2  I0 V  V /3
2
52. (d) y1  0.25 cos  2t  2x  f  const
Imax

 I0  I0  4
I1 I0 f  f / 2    2

43. (d) Noting can be said  2t 2x 

y 2  2  0.25 cos   
Topic 7 : Doppler effect  2 2 

44. (a) 926 = 0.5 cos  t  x 

45. (d) 708 Hz
v 1.5  106
46. (d) As source and observer both are moving in 53. (b)   . =  5000  25Å
c 3  108
the same direction with the same velocity, 54. (a) 0.5 m
their relative velocity is zero. 55.(a) 3.11 m/s
56. (d) The apperent frequency when source and
obse rver movin g aw ay fro m othe r,
Therefore, v'=v = 200 Hz
v  v0
47. (b) Since, medium does not change, the n'  n
v  v0
temperature of the medium does not
change, pressure does not change, the n '  1950Hz, v s  v 0  15ms 1,
velocity of sound should remain unchanged v = 340 ms–1.
and will remain V.  340  15 
1950    n
When frequency of the sound wave changes  340  15 
from 300Hz to 150Hz, 1950  355
n  2130Hz
The wavelength of the sound wave will 325
double from it's original value when 400
frequency was 300Hz, and velocity of sound 57. (a) v  r   2f  r  2   1.2  50.24m / s
60
shall be still V as before.
v  340 
f1  f  500    436Hz
v  vs  340  50.24 
48. (b) 2V
a n d
49. (b) 2 × 105 m/sec
v  340 
c f2  f  500    586Hz
50. (a)    and v  c v  vs  340  50.24 
v
58. (a) 4
8 2 59. (c) 2.4 m
v  7  10  ,c  3  108 m / s
25  24  3600 60. (c) Observed frequency of first train
   0.04Å v 320
n1  n   240
51. (a) Let velocity of sound be v. v  vs 320  4
Vsound v
Given velocity of source Vsource   320
3 3 =  240 = 243Hz
316
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 Hints & Solutions
Observed frequency of seond train
7. (b) y r  y1  y 2  A sin  P  Q  A sin  P – Q 
v 320 = A.2sin P. cosQ.
n2  n  240
v  vs 320  4 Where
= 237 Hz. P = kxt
 Number of beasts = 243 – 237 = 6 
Q
61. (a) For closed pipe 6
dE
I1 
v
and I2 
3v 8. (c) P  2 A 2 / k
4n 4n dt
3 A 2
v  2n(I2  I1 ) E
k
v
n E1 13 A12 / k1 1
2  l2  l1   
E2 32 A22 / k2 4
330 9. (b) All particle have different amplitudes.
n
2  0.49  0.16  = n = 500 Hz
2 I1 A12 102 100 1
62. (c) 503 Hz 10. (b) I  A     
I2 A 22 202 400 4
63. (d) 200 Hz
11. (c) x  1.5 sin Q
 P2   400 
64. (a) PdB = 10 log10  P  = 10 log10  
 1  10 

= 10 log  2  10  = 10  0.301  1  13dB

LEVEL - II
Particle velocity A.
1. (d)  = k.A
wave velocity /k
2. (b) Frequencies perform as A.P.
150Hz, 300Hz, 450Hz, 600Hz, 750Hz, 900Hz
3. (c) On increasing tension, frequency of violin For maximum, x  n
increase
n  1.5 sin 
 208Hz
n
 F1 sin  
4. (b)  1  1.5
2 F2
–1  sin   1
 mg –1.5  n  1.5

2 2mg n = –1,0,1
3 Max in one semi-circle
2  2 Total = 2 × 3 = 6 max in circle.

A Net  A12  A 22  2A1A2 cos 

5. (a) 
V 2  2 A 2 – x 2  12.(b)

(Velocity of medium particle) 13. (a) A 3  2 ; A 2  4

 . I1  A12  4
Vwave  
k 2 I2  A 2  16
6. (c) 2f1  600 , 2
Imax  I1  I2 
 
2f2  604 Imin  I1 – I2 
f1  300Hz & f2  302Hz
14. (c) A  A12  A 22  2A1A 2 cos Q
B.f   f2 – f1   2Hz

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 Hints & Solutions

3a  a 2  a 2  2a 2 cos Q 3V1 3 Mg
 f1  
2L 2L 
2 
15. (b) Q  kx  .  5 9g  3 Mg
 2
M  52 kg  25kg

24. (b) l1  x 
4
16.(d) y  A sin  kx – wt   B cos  kx – wt 
3
l2  x 
y  A 2  B2 sin  kx – wt  Q  4
l2  x  3  l1  x 
Amplitude = 32  42  5
2x  l2 – 3l1
I1
17. (c) I  2 x
0.35 – 0.3
2 = 0.025m
2
2
Imax  I1  I2  f1 v1 / 2L1 L 2 T / 1
 
Imin  I1 – I2  25. (d) f  v / 2L  L T / 2
2 2 2 1
2
 2 1   4

2  2 1  
34

L2 2 L 2

.A 2 2L
 .
r2

1
 2 – 1 1 L1 1 L1 .A1 L 4r 2 1

3V 3  340 V
18.(a) f of string (fs) =  26. (d)  2  1   V  2f   2  1 
4L 4   3 / 4  = 340Hz 2f
 B.f  fs – fT.F.  4 The error in V is
V  2f   2  1 
fT.F.  344Hz or 336Hz
But when V  2f   2  1 
For maximum error.
T , v 
V = 2 × 512 × 0.2
and fs , but B.F  V  2.04.1cm /s
 f turning fork = 344Hz
19. (b) Nodes = (n+1)
Anti node = n 27. (a) T1  T2  mg
where n is the no. of harenomic

20. (c) n L
2

T1 l – x
T1x  T2  l – x   
2L T2 x

n V1 f1 T1 f
   1
7v 5v L 7 V2 f2 T2 f2
21. (c) 4L  2L  1 
1 2 L 2 10 2
T1  2f2  4
  
f1 2V f1 4 T2  f2  1
22. (c) f  2L  f  n
2 2 l–x 4 l
 x
5 9g x 1 5
5V1
23. (a)  f1  f1  .
2L 2L 

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 Hints & Solutions
 vs – v 0   1 – V2 
28. (b) f1  fo1  v – 22  6  .5
 s   V 
V2
 0.2
V.
V1 1

V2 2
32.(d) Frequency is independent of the media.
 It depends upon source of the wave.
V V
f2  fo2  s  33. (c) y  A sin  kx  wt 
 Vs 
dy
v   Aw cos  kx  wt 
dt
V1  V2
f  165Hz
Aw cos  kx1  wt   Aw cos  kx 2  wt 
Given kx1  wt  kx 2  wt –  2n  1 
f1  f2
k  x 2 – x1    2n  1 
 330 – v   330  v   1
176    165 x 2 – x1   n   
 330 – 22  330  2
v  22m /s For n = 0,
29.(a) max P.E will be elements b and d 
x 2 – x1 
2
2
34. (b) AB  
k
2
CD  T
w
AB
 Velocity of wave
CD
 v  b d
f0   35. (a)  = velocity of wave
f1  v – 34   323 19 a c

30.(d) f2  v  306  bc = ad
f0   18
 v – 17  36. (d) B and C are  distance apart and are in same
phase.
31. (b) 37. (d) Move the pattern along +X – axis
yt
f  5kHz 38. (b)  –v
yx
 V  V1 
f1    f 6
 v  y
 x – vt 2
 V  V2  at any ‘t’ and position ‘x’
f2    f
 v 
VP
  –v
 V   –12 /  x – vt 3 
5.5  1  1  5  
 V 
at x = 2, t = 2

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 Hints & Solutions
Vp yR  A sin  kx – t –    
 3
 –2
–12 /  2 – 2.2  –A R sin  kx – t –  

Vp  –3m / s 47. (d) y R  y1  y 2

39. (c)   60m 48. (b) Phase diff , 92  402  40  1y
1  x  2 2
T  y  0.2sin2  6t –  Phase diff ,   x =   x
6  60   
x For the first max m–1
2
40. (a) y  A cos  2nt – 2  2
    2     1m

2x v
where   2nt –  frequency,   

330
y  A cos2      330Hz
31
 cos 2  1 49. (c) y R  y1  y 2
yA
2 v
50. (c)    3m
 A A  2x  f
 y –   cos 2  2nt – 
 2  2   

 2x 
41. (b) y1  a1 sin  t – 
  

 2x 
= a1 cos  t – 
  

 2x 
y 2  a 2 cos  t –  
  
x  S2P – S1P  5.4  1m
  kx
  k  x
  
x     INet  I1  I2  2 I1I2 cos 
2  2
42. (b)   kx  2 
INet  I  4I  4I.cos    3I
 3 
  Phase diff
diff 2
x  Path Imax  I1  I2 
51. (d)  
43. (d) y  y sin  t –   Imin  I1 – I2 

at t = 0, y  y sin  
52. (a) n  x  2 y 2  4 – 2y
y   y  sin 

44. (d) y  A sin  –k  x – x1     t – t1    

45. (d) y  A sin t  B cos t

Amplitude = A2  B2
46.(d) Upon reflection, phase change of  occurs.
yI  A sin  kx – t   

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 Hints & Solutions
 1/2  10 1 
2

 y2  4  –y  d  45  8   4  60
 
3 240  42 17280
y   2468.5  2500km
2 7 7
x = 2y = 3m
320  240 320  240
53. (c) B.F  f1 – f2 3. (a) f1  = f2  = 238.5
320  2 322
54. (c) 2f1  200  f1  1000
1 T 1 T 1 T
2f2  2008  f2  1004 4. (c) n = =
2m m 2 r  2r
2

B.F  f2 – f1 = yHz
n1 l2 r2 T1 2 35 1 8 2 35
55. (c) When max is loaded frequency of turning fork  , . . = . . . =
n2 l1 r1 T2 1 36 4 1 1 36
decrease.
56. (a) conceptual Given : Higher frequency , n2 = 360 Hz
57. (a) Standing waves obtained in 2 waves moving 35
in opp. direction.  n1   360  350
36
SECTION-B Therefore,beat frequecny = 360 – 350 = 10 Hz
(Assertion and Reason Type) 5. (a) The tuning fork whose frequency is being
tested produces 2 beats with oscillator at
1. (c) conceptual 514Hz, therefore, frequency of tuning fork
2. (d) conceptual may either be 512 or 516. with oscillator
3. (a) conceptual frequency of tuning fork may be either 516
4. (a) conceptual or 504. Therefore the actual frequency is 516
5. (a) conceptual Hz which gives 2beats/sec with 514 and
6. (a) conceptual 6beats/sec with 510Hz.
7. (d) conceptual 6. (b)
8. (a) conceptual
9. (b) conceptual
10. (b) conceptual
11. (b) conceptual
12. (c) conceptual
13. (a) conceptual
14. (a) conceptual
15. (b) conceptual
SECTION-C 7. (b) B.F = 0
(Takshila Challengers)

1. (c) Here re lati ve motio n of veh icle is

perpendicular to the observer. So, there is no
doppler effect, hence frequency of horn does
not changes. So, frequency at observer is n
Hz. So, n1 = 0
2. (c) Let d be the distance of epicenter
d f1  f2
Time taken by S- wave =
4.5  V – Vm   V  Vm 
  .176    .165
d d  V – Vc   V 
Now   4  60
4.5 8  330 – Vm  .176  330  Vm 165

 10 1 
d    4  60
 330 – 22 330
 45 8 

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 Hints & Solutions
 330 – Vm  308 fapp  448Hz
 
 330  Vm  352 2. (a) Two successive frequencies of closed pipe
Vm  22m /s nv
 220 ..(i)
4
T (n  2)v
8. (b) V of transverse wave =  260 ...(ii)
 4
Dividing (ii) by (i), we get
y n  2 260 13
V of longitudinal wave =  =
 n 220 11
11n + 33 = 13n
 V  3 300
9. (a) f1    f  2.2  10  .f n = 11
 V – Vs   300 – Vs  
v
so, 11  220
4
v
 20
4
3. (c) First minimum resonating length for closed

organ pipe =  50cm
4
 V  3 300
f2    f  1.8  10  .f  Nex t larg er le ng th o fai r co lu mn =
 V  V3   300  Vs  
3
 150cm
2.2  300  Vs  4
 
1.8  300 – Vs  4. (b) Wavelength of pulse at the lower end,

Vs  30m /s T1
1 velocity(v1 ) 
µ
T 0.5
10. (d) v  v
 10 –3
/ 20  10 –2  m1

v
 m2
f
 T2
Dustance between two nodes = Similarly , 2  v 2 
2 µ

SECTION-D 2 T2 (m1  m2 )g m1  m2
(Previous Year Questions)   T1

mg

m2
1

v
5. (c) n'  n0
v  vp
1. (c) 330 330  800
n'  (800)   838Hz
330  15 315
6. (b) 120 cm
f0  400Hz 7. (c) Two conseutive resonant frequencies for a
As we know for given condition string fixed at both ends will be
 v  v observer   340  16.5  nv  n  1
fapp  f0    400   and  v
 v  v source   340  22  2  2 

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 Hints & Solutions
 343  (10) 
 n  1 v nv f '  1392     1412Hz
   420  315  343  (5) 
2 2
10m/sec ve
v
  105Hz w hi ch i s the min imum 5m/sec
2 Observer Source
resonant frequency.
8. (a) Since the source has a component of velocity 12. (d) y  a sin(kx  t)
along SO, the apparent frequency observed
 2 1 
by the observer will increase. sin  x  2  t   sin  x  2t 
 2  
v: velocity of sound; v0 = 0 velocity of observer;
13. (c) pressure change will be maximum at both
vs = 19.4 × cos(600) = 9.7 velocity of the source
ends
along So
V
F0 = frequency emitted by source. 14. (a) V 
2L
f appar e nt =
1 1 1
 v  vc  V1 : V2 : V3 :: : :
 300  0  L1 L 2 L 3
f0    100     103.03
 v  va   330  9.7  1 1 1
L1 : L 2 : L 3 :: : :
V1 V2 V3
1 T 15 : 5 : 3
9. (b) n1 
2I1 µ 150 500 300
: :
23 23 23
1 T
n2  f v (Beats) / 2 v
2I2 µ 15. (b)   
f c f C
1 T 2fv
n3   Beats  4
2I3 µ C
16. (c) Let v be frequency of the unknown source.
1 T as it gives 4 beats per second when sounded
n with a
2I µ
source of frequnency 250 Hz,
I  I1  I2  I3  v = 250  4 = 246 Hz or 254 Hz
second harmonic of this unknown source =
I I I I
   492 Hz or 508 Hz wihich gives 5 beats per
n n1 n2 n3 second, when sounded with soruce of
l1 l2 l3 frequency 513 Hz.
Therefore unknown freqncy, v – 254 Hz.
10. (d) Fundametal frequency of a closed organ pipe 2
if I1  A1  A 2  81
17. (a) I  2

V 340 2  A1  A2  1
f1    100Hz
4 4  0.85 Beat frequency = 304 – 300 = 4Hz.
The nautral frequencies of the organ pipe will 18. (c) Here
Speed of the train VT = 220 ms–1.
be f = 100 Hz , 300 Hz , 500Hz, 700 Hz, 900 Hz,
Speed of sound in air, v = 330 ms–1
1100 Hz which are below 1250 Hz
The frequency of the echo detected by the
11. (c) Apperent frequncy heard by the observer is
driver of the train is
 v  v0 
f '  f0    v  vT   330  220 
 v  vs  v'  v   1000  
 v  vT   330  220 

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 Hints & Solutions
550 y = (0.02) m sin (7.85 x - 1005t)
= 1000   5000Hz
110 1 20 1 20
25. (a) 3

19. (a) y1  a sin  t  kx  0.57  m and 2  0.491 1  10 2  0.516 1  10 3
= Best frequency
y2  a cos  t  kx  m, 26. (b) Car is the source and the hill is observer.
Frequency heard at the hill, v1
 
or y 2  a sin   t  kx  m u v 600  330
 2 
 v1   v  V   330 – 30
Phase difference,
 Now for reflection, the hill is the source and
  2  1   0.57 the driver the observer.
2
= 1.57 – 0.57  1rad 330  30 
 v2  v1 
20. (b) Velocity of sound v = n 330
v1 n11 600  330 360
 (but n1  n2 )  v2  
v 2 n2  2 300 330
v2  v2  720Hz
 2  1  1  10
v1 27. (c)   2  2    1Hz
 2  101 2
k  10    0.2m
1 T v 1 T 
21. (a) As v   
28. (a) Sound wave is longitudinal because the
2L µ v 2 T
T v 6 medium particles move parallel to the
2  2  0.02 direction of wave propagation, whereas a
T v 600
  light wave is transverse because the medium
22. (c) Wave velocity v =  particles move perpendicular to direction of
T 2
Maximum particle velcoity (vmax)p = A wave propagation. Hence, option a is correct.
 4
Given v   v max  29. (c) V    8ms 1
k 0.5 

 A    2A v
2 30. (d) Time of reverberation  (sabine's formula)
23. (d) The frequency of the piano string = 512+-4 = A
516 or 508. When the tension is increased, Where V = volume of room and A = area of
beat frequency decreases to 2, it means that room Area of new room becomes 4 times of A
frequency of othe string is 508 as frequency and Volume becomes 8 times of V. Time of
of string increases with tension reverberation will be 2 seconds
24. (c) Amplitude = 2 cm = 0.02 m 31. (d) d1  2m,d2  3m
v = 128 m/s
4 1
5  4     0.8m Intensity 2
5 distance 
128 1 1
v  160Hz I1  I  2
2 and 2
0.8 2 3
I1 9
  2v  2  160  1005  I 4.
2
2 2 32. (b) Number of beats per second = n2 – n1 = 3
k   7.85
 0.8  n1  250, n2  253 
Therefore, Number of beats produced per mintue

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 Hints & Solutions
= 3 × 60 = 180. 37. (c) A wave travelling in positive x - direction may
33. (b) y1  106 sin 100t  (x / 50)  0.5 
be represented as y  A sin.  vt  x  . On

y 2  10 6 cos 100t  (x /50)
putting values
usin g cos x  sin(x   / 2) 2
y  0.2 sin.  360t  x 
60
= 106 sin 100t  (x / 50)   / 2
 x 
= 106 sin 100t  (x / 50)  1.57  y  0.2sin 2  6t  60 
 
The phase difference = 1.57 – 0.5 = 1.07  100
[or using sinx = cos (  / 2  x ). We get the 38. (d) v    1000m / s.
k 1/10
same result]
T 60.5
v  vs
34. (c) We have , v  39. (c) v  m
v
 0.035 
 110m / s
v  vs  
 7 
v  vs 40. (b) The apperent frequency when source and
or v  v  v
s obse rver movin g aw ay fro m othe r,
or 2(v  vs )  v  v s v  v0
n'  n
v  v0
or 2v  2vs  v  vs
n '  1950Hz, v s  v 0  10ms 1,
 v  3vs v = 340 ms–1.
v  340  10 
or vs  . 1950    n
3  340  10 
35. (c) Wh en an obse rver moves tow ards a 1950  350
n  2068Hz
stationary source of sound then apparent 330
frequency heard by the observer increases. 41. (c) Number of beats produced per second
Then the apparent frequency heard in this v v
v1  v 2  
situation 1  2
 v  v0  1 1 v 1
f' f 12  v    or 12 = 50  51
 v  vs   50 51 
As source is stationary hence vs = 0 or , v = 12 × 50 × 51 cm/s = 306 m/s.
 v  v0  42. (d) Wave velocity is v.
f' f
 v  Particle velcoity is
v dy 2 2
given v0 =  y 0 cos (vt  x) v
5 dy  
Substituting in the relation for f' we have  dy  2v
   y0
 v  v /5  6  dt max 
f'  f   1.2f But, maximum particle velocity is 2 times
 v  5
Motion of observer does not affect the the wave velocity.
wavelength reaching the observer hence 2v
y 0  2v    y 0
wavelength remains  . 
36. (c) vs  r  0.50  20  10ms 1 43. (a) Displacement, Ymax  a, Ymin  0
Time taken = T/4
v 340  385  T/4 = 0.170  T = 0.68
n'  n  374Hz
v  vs 340  10 The frequency of wave = 1/T = 1.47 Hz

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 Hints & Solutions
44. (b) No doppler effect, because velocity is Now v = f '  '
perpendicular to line joining vehicle and
v v
observe  f'  f
 ' 2
45. (c) v = 960 m/s
3600 waves passes in 1 mints v 1.5  106
49. (b)   . =  5000  25Å
3600
c 3  108
Frequency =  60Hz
60 50. (d) Become zero

v 960 51. (d) Comparing with y  a sin  t  kx 

Wavelength,     16m
n 60 2 2
we have k =  62.4     0.1
 1800  62.4
46. (b) Velocity of wave propagation = =
k 6 3600
V = 300 m/sec 52. (b) Frequency n =  30Hz ;
120
dy
VP   60  1800 sin(1800t  6x)  10 6 V 760
df Wavelength     25.3m
VP  60  1800  10 6 n 30
VP 60  1800  106
 = 3.6 × 10–4
V 300
v v  c 3v 2 3
47. (c) 3  4  4  20 or   4  4v  8
c 0

48. (c) Case 1 Here  / 2  

   2
Now, v  f  
v v
 f    2 ...(i)

Case II Here  '/ 4   / 2

  '  2

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