UNIT 5 TYPES OF NEWS REPORTING

Structure
5.0 Introduction
5.1 Learning Outcomes
5.2 Pre-requisites for News Reporting
5.3 Types of News Reporting
5.3.1 Based on Sources of its Origin
5.3.1.1 Reporting from Government Establishments
5.3.1.2 Reporting from Non Government Establishments
5.3.1.3 Reporting from Conflict Zone
5.3.1.4 Parliamentary Reporting
5.3.1.5 Participatory Reporting
5.3.1.6 Judicial Reporting
5.3.2 Reporting based on Subjects of its Manifestation
5.3.2.1 Developmental Issues
5.3.2.2 Events
5.3.2.3 Arts, Fashion, Entertainment and Glamour
5.3.2.4 Politics
5.3.2.5 Corporate World and Economic affairs
5.3.2.6 Crime and Accident Reporting
5.3.2.7 Investigative Reporting
5.3.3 Reporting based on Nature of its Content Presentation
5.3.3.1 Objective Reporting
5.3.3.2 Interpretative and Analytical Reporting
5.3.3.3 Commentary Reporting
5.4 News Reporting Techniques
5.4.1 The Subject of Reporting
5.4.2 Creating and Managing Network of Contacts
5.4.3 Personally visit the site
5.4.4 Interviews
5.4.5 Use of Secondary Sources
5.4.5.1 Research Findings and Reports
5.4.5.2 Use of Right to Information (RTI)
5.5.5.3 Exploring Library or Archive or Internet
5.5.5.4 Following up the News Chain
5.5 Ethics of News Reporting
5.6 Basics of Writing a New Report
5.6.1 Constraints: Word Limit, Deadline and Editorial Policy
5.6.2 Content: Sequence and Style
5.6.3 Packaging
5.6.3.1 Heading
5.6.3.2 Lead/Introduction
5.6.3.3 Body
5.6.3.4 Quotes/Attributions
5.6.3.4 Summing Up
5.6.3.6 Image and Caption 65
Reporting Techniques 5.7 Let Us Sum Up
5.8 Glossary
5.9 Further Readings
5.10 Key Words
5.11 Check Your Progress: Possible Answers

5.0 INTRODUCTION
In the earlier unit, you have studied about the concept of the ‘News’. The
concept of ‘News Values’ was also explained to you and you are now familiar
with essential ingredients of news.
In this unit, you are going to learn the art of news reporting. News Reporting can
be classified broadly on the grounds of its sources, its subject and nature of its
content. This unit will acquaint you with various aspects of the news reporting, its
techniques and basic guidelines of writing a news report.

5.1 LEARNING OUTCOMES

On completing this unit you will be able to:
identify the types of News Reporting depending upon sources of its Origin,
subjects of its manifestation and on nature of its content presentation;
write a news report;
apply News Reporting Techniques to news related assignments; and
develop ethical skills in news reporting.

5.2 PRE-REQUISITES FOR NEWS REPORTING

Before we start discussing types of news reporting, we must know that the
personality of a news reporter should be a blend of the commitment to the
profession and determination of learning and exploring own ways of unfolding
‘hidden and unknown truths’ for welfare of the society. A news reporter must
possess some basic qualities, like integrity, diligence, empathy and being observant.
He or she should be aware of social, political and cultural environment of his or
her domain. A reporter must also have good news sense and analytical ability, so
that he or she can easily connect the missing threads of associated incidents.
Above all, a reporter must have clarity over use of the language, so that his or
her expressions are accurate and reliable. These qualities are attained in a slow
process and a reporter keeps updating oneself always to perform better. These
are pre-requisites of a news reporter, which are essentially required for all types
of reporting.

5.3 TYPES OF NEWS REPORTING

News reporting is a process of gathering and presenting ‘unknown or less-known’
matters of public interest, which may be collectively termed as the NEWS, to the
66 periphery of the public acquaintance. This process gets facilitated by the use of
Media Tools and the public, in this context, is the Target Audience of the Media Types of News Reporting
House, on behalf of whom the news reporter goes for reporting. The job of news
reporting commences by answering some of the basic questions – Who is the
target audience? What is to be reported or what will be the storyline? And how
the proposed report will have an effect on the target audience? After all these
questions are answered, there follows two more questions – How the proposed
news should be reported? And in which format it should be written down?

When we find answers to the above questions, the way of news reporting becomes
focused, clear and planned. News reporting can be classified on the basis of
sources of its origin, subjects of its manifestatio n and on the nature of its content
presentation. This classification is an answer to the question – From where does
the idea of reporting ‘a piece of news’ originat?

When we say, ‘News Reporting is based on sources of its origin’, it means the
idea of news originated from the source of news itself. Most reporters visit some
fixed sources on regular basis to gather news. When we say, ‘News Reporting
is based on subject of its manifestation’, it means the idea of news originated from
the news room or the editorial meeting and the reporter pursues the subject and
explores various sources for gathering information. And when it is stated that
news reporting is based on nature of its content presentation, it means the idea
of news originated after the basic investigation of the issue and at the time of
preparing the report, it is decided to pick a particular content format to write the
report. However, it is essential to understand that these classifications are made
for the ease of learning process only and they keep overlapping very often.

5.3.1 Types of News Reporting based on Sources of its

Origin
When a reporter knows that a piece of news can be gathered from certain
source, the job of reporting becomes easier. Now, the only thing which has to be
done is to approach the source of origin of the story and check, is there any
specific information available, which may be reported as news. If yes, the reporter
collects the required information in details and tries to conceive a real picture of
the incidence by analysing all the views, facts, figures and evidences. After this,
a news report can be written. The process of reporting varies a little according
to source of its origin, as structures of gathering information are different at
different places. Let us see these variations.

5.3.2 Reporting from Government Establishments

Government Establishments like collectorates, police stations, hospitals, schools,
academies, municipal corporations, transport authorities, railway stations, fire
brigades, and many other departments work according to a definite set of rules
and regulations and they have their fixed system of maintaining information. The
Reporter needs to develop and maintain contacts in the departments of the
newsbeat, one is covering. Also, one must know the exact procedure, by which
one can fetch authentic information. A reporter can dig up a pool of crime news
from premises of a police station. He or she can find a round of news related to
health issues from hospitals. Also, as hospitals are home to many crime and
accident victims, so the premises may be the source of crime and accident news
as well. Likewise other government establishments are confirmed sources of various
types of news. Apart from digging up the news, a reporter should be in touch with
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Reporting Techniques Public Relation (PR) personnel of these establishments, so that they can provide
regular news inputs. But the reporter must verify the news inputs received from
PR personnel.
5.3.3 Reporting from Non Government Establishments
Non government establishments are broadly categorised as business or corporate
organisations and not for profit organisations. Academies and hospitals may also
be non government establishments and as discussed earlier, they are also rich
source of news. In both these establishments, there is a Public Relations department,
which regularly channelises news of their achievements to the reporters. This is a
good source of news, but a reporter should be alert for not becoming a part of
their PR cycle. For this, he or she should always try to smell anything undue
News should concern the mass on a larger scale and should always be reported
after a detailed investigation.
5.3.4 Reporting from Conflict Zone
Reporting from a conflict zone is most challenging kind of reporting. conflict zones
are regions; which are either under a war, riot, mutiny, civil war or under other
kinds of conflict, which have accelerated the prevalence of mass violence on
regular basis. A conflict zone remains under the control of two or more violent
groups. A reporter has to go to this zone in person and report the reality, without
being influenced by any group. As the violence understands no law, reporters
while reporting in conflict zone, need to save their lives too. Most of the times,
reporter becomes part of a certain group in a conflict zone and report news
according to standpoint of an associated group. This group can be a military unit.
This phenomenon is a special kind of reporting from conflict zone, termed as
Embedded Reporting.
5.3.5 Parliamentary Reporting
Parliamentary Reporting in India is reporting from the premises of Parliament at
Central Level or from the premises of Assemblies at State Level and Union
Territory. Parliamentary Reporting is a specialisation, that requires in-depth
knowledge of the constitution, parliamentary proceedings and familiarity with the
political, cultural, social and economic history of the region. The reporter should
be aware of local regulations for access, privilege and use of cameras, recorders
and so on in the premises. Also, reporters must need to recognize faces of
members of the house, they are reporting. The reporter, accredited to the press
gallery of the house is eligible to report for a given session of the house. The
parliamentary reporter must possess the quality of fast grasping of speeches made
my members and he or she should have capability of interpreting debates and
reports presented on the desk of the house.
5.3.6 Participatory Reporting
This is a new kind of reporting from any source, where a reporter manages to
connect to a place or organisation and after being a part of it, the process of
reporting becomes more authentic and descriptive. For an example, Ted Conover,
an American journalist took a job of correction officer at Sing Sing prison in New
York (US), where he worked for nearly a year, without the state’s knowledge and
on his live experience, he wrote Newjack: Guarding Sing Sing (2000), which
nominated him for the Pulitzer Prize for general non-fiction. In Indian context, a
reporter may undergo the process of reporting movements of social changes and
economic upliftments more efficiently through the technique of participatory
68 reporting.
5.3.7 Judicial Reporting Types of News Reporting

Reporting from the various courts of law is called Judicial Reporting. One should
understand the court proceedings for judicial reporting. The Indian judicial system
works at different levels of district courts, high courts and the Supreme Court.
There are different courts for the criminal cases and civil cases. The reporter must
ensure that there is no mixing of personal opinion, comment or forecasts at the
time of reporting any sub-judice case, as doing so can be deemed as contempt
of the court, which is an offense by law.
Activity – 1
After reading a newspaper thoroughly, make a chart and organise each
piece of news on the basis of their source of origin. Repeat the process
for 3 different newspapers.
Check Your Progress 1
Note: 1) Use the space given below for your answer
2) Compare your answer with those given at the end of this Unit.
1. What is the difference between reporting from government establishments
and reporting from non-government establishment?
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5.3.8 Reporting based on Subjects of its Manifestation

News items can be broadly categorised based on the subject with which it deals.
The reporter as assigned by the editor, goes to report a story, which may be
categorised under a pre-defined subject. Ideas of these stories are generated in
an editorial meeting or in the newsroom, where some traces of information regarding
any new development of the concerned is available from various sources. Then
it is decided to report and file the story in detail.

5.3.9 Developmental Issues

Development is a concept with two different paradigms. There is a dominant
paradigm, according to which it is a process of economic upliftment, which is a
result of ongoing process of industrialisation, mining, urbanisation, building
infrastructures, dams and roads, production and consumption of huge amount of
energy and increase in the use of technology in every sphere of social and economic
realm. The dominant paradigm of development may have some repercussions like
displacement of mass, employment and labour related issues, environmental threats,
people’s resistance and militarisation.
There is an alternate paradigm of development, according to which the real
development is the development of quality of human life, which can only be
attained through production, procurement and distribution of social benefits like
food sufficiency, good health conditions, good education and a sense of social
harmony, social justice and love for the entire man kind. Issues of science and
technology are also subjects of developmental news and vision of their
implementation puts them in the category of dominant or alternate paradigm.
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Reporting Techniques Aforesaid issues of both paradigms of development and the associated issues can
be reported as developmental issues. A reporter must understand the philosophy
of development before pursuing any issue under this head. He or she should try
to get answer of some basic questions – What are benefits of a development
project? Who are beneficiaries? Who is paying the price of it in the long run? And
what will be the associated cultural and social change?
5.3.10 Events
There are various types of events, which attract the attention of the mass audience.
Be it a sport or an event of mass entertainment, readers take deep interest in
knowing their details. In the age of online and TV reporting, these types of events
are reported live and the audience gets the dose of their news instantly. Some of
the events are political, like a political rally or swearing-in ceremony or a public
meeting or an occasion of celebration, like flag hoisting etc. Reporting these kinds
of events should be planned in advance and tickets, entry passes etc should be
arranged. Also one should request for one-to-one appointment with the concerned
person, so that a reporter can have an exclusive bite to enrich his reporting.
5.3.11 Arts, Fashion, Entertainment and Glamour
Areas of art, theatre, cinema and cultural activities are fields, which stimulate the
mass fantasy and thus become the domain of wide public interest. All the news
from this segment caters to readers from all the sections of the society. There are
segments of newspapers or the entire magazines, that deal with this segment.
Reporting in this segment, needs a good connectivity of contacts with celebrities
and an ability to raise some good questions of mass appeal.
5.3.12 Politics
No one in a society remains unaffected by any change in the political scenario of
the region, although the level of this effect may vary from person to person.
Consequently, reporting political affair is an important genre of news reporting. A
political reporter emphasises on each and every change in the state of affairs of
any political party, their ups and downs and their stand on various socio-economic
issues. political reporter should be in touch with spokespersons of political parties,
maintain contact with prominent leaders and have the ability to connect undefined
threads of two associated issues.
5.3.13 Corporate World and Economic Affairs
A reporter, reporting the Corporate World and Economic affairs, must have
knowledge of basic principles of trade and business. He or she should be aware
of trade practices and economic history of the region. Also, a reporter of this beat
is expected to have the ability of understanding financial statements, ups and
downs of share markets share holdings of companies, international trade market
and elements of market behavior.
5.3.14 Crime and Accident Reporting
No society is free of crime and accidents. Reporting them may also be a kind of
news,the idea of which generates at the source of its origin, but most of the times
crimes and accidents are reported much later than their occurrence. A reporter
needs to visit the place of occurrence of crime and accident and he or she should
personally examine the place. He or should try to interview eyewitnesses, asking
70 them all the possible questions related to the incidence. Viewpoints of all concerned
persons or groups should be taken into account. The reporter should also collect Types of News Reporting
the required documentary and substantial evidences, if available and cross verify
all the facts.

5.3.15 Investigative Reporting

Investigative reporting is a kind of reporting in which facts are not accessible and
a reporter needs to investigate in depth to uncover the secrets and bring the
accessible news to common acquaintance. The area of investigative reporting may
be serious crimes, political corruption, or corporate misdeeds. This is a process
of reporting facts of grave seriousness duly covered and put out of the sight of
the masses by the perpetrators. A reporter, in this case, is expected to dig and
present these hidden facts. The perpetrators of the crime may belong to a powerful
section of the society and an investigative reporter may face danger while unravelling
the complications of hidden realities and facts that the society must know.

Activity – 2
Write down 10 Story Ideas of Developmental News Reporting.

Check Your Progress 2

Note: 1) Use the space given below for your answer
2) Compare your answer with those given at the end of this Unit.
1. Why is development reporting important for a developing country like India?
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5.3.10 Reporting based on Nature of its Content

Presentation
News reports may be written down in different formats and on the basis of its
content presentation, there needs to be a slight change in approach of reporting.

5.3.11 Objective Reporting

When a news report has to be presented as the fact is, it is called objective or
factual reporting. In this case, the reporter only reports the facts which he or she
experiences through sensory organs like eyes and ears or when some documentary
evidence is available. In objective reporting, the reporter does not mix up personal
views with the news reported. One is not allowed to share one’s logical
interpretation. The reporter abstains from any kind of value judgment and he or
she should also no and show of empathy or hostility. In the process of objective
reporting, a reporter very smartly withdraws oneself from the piece of news. This
is the purest form of news reporting.

5.3.12 Interpretative and Analytical Reporting

Apart from the purest form of reporting, i.e. Objective or factual reporting, there
are other forms of reporting which are not so pure, because they are an
amalgamation of news and feature. When a reporter takes the liberty of expressing
his or her own explanations, interpretations and analysis while reporting a piece 71
Reporting Techniques of news, it is called interpretative or analytical reporting. In Contrary to the
principles of pure reporting, analytical reporting is the art of presenting the
analysis of known facts in order to interpret and find out the most logical conclusion
for any unknown or hidden truth. The process may include investigation and
research.
Interpretative reporting has many variants. This is also called featurised reporting,
in which a reporter gathers news, makes interpretations and presents the story as
a blend of news and feature. This may include making a word-sketch of an
historical event or it may be just a backgrounder of any other factual story.

5.3.13 Commentary Reporting

There is type of reporting, called Commentary reporting, in which a reporter
reports by making a commentary of what he/she sees. This is live in nature and
has sequential continuity. A reporter tries to translate what he/she sees in words
of his report. Commentary reporting is common done, when any to report a
sports event or a travelogue, where a reporter writes down his or her travel
experiences in a sequential manner.

Activity – 3
Search on internet, 5 Famous cases of investigative Reporting. Read
their details.

Check Your Progress 3

Note: 1) Use the space given below for your answer
2) Compare your answer with those given at the end of this Unit.
1. Point out various dissimilarities between the factual and analytical Reporting.
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5.4 NEWS REPORTING TECHNIQUES

Reporting news includes various steps of which a news reporter should develop
expertise. These steps are –

5.4.1 The Subject of Reporting

The first and foremost issue, before starting reporting is to ascertain the exact
storyline. Storyline is a basic idea, around which a reporter reports a piece of
news. For this, either the reporter should go to regular sources of news origin or
pursue instructions of the editor, but before starting, one must know the storyline
on which the whole reporting process has to be carried out. One should feel free
to ask around, especially PROs and concerned officials for story ideas. Story
idea can be generated by studying earlier published news items. Social Media and
online social forum websites may also lead a reporter to a brilliant story idea.
Press Releases and Press Conferences are also regular source of news idea.

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5.4.2 Creating and Managing Network of Contacts Types of News Reporting

Contacts, in the field of journalism, are the most precious asset. From the very
first day of being in the profession, a reporter must start various exercises to
create a large network of useful contacts, which may convert to potential sources
of news, when required. Internet and Social Media can also be used as a link to
create a resourceful contact, which can lead to competent news ideas.

5.4.3 Personally visit the Location

A reporter needs to visit the location of occurrence of any event to report it as
a piece of news to have a first hand and most authentic short of information. He/
she should meet the concerned persons and try to know, what actually happened
from the persons, who were eyewitnesses or are associated with the occurrence
in any way. A reporter should try to record verbal evidences, copy documentary
evidences and take some photographs of the locality, if required.

5.4.4 Interviews
Interview with connected persons is an important way to gather information required
to file a news report. A reporter should try to get interviews from all concerned
parties without being biased. After knowing the opinions of all concerned parties,
a reporter doing objective reporting, should only present the actual views of
parties. But, when doing a piece of interpretative reporting, a reporter has the
liberty to examine the in-depth authenticity of the opinions gathered from various
interviews.

5.4.5 Use of Secondary Sources

Secondary sources are the sources, which a reporter has not personally met or
gathered information from. Secondary sources includes the information, gathered
by others. This information may be in the form of earlier news reports, research
findings, answers to RTI queries and facts or information collected from archives,
libraries or from internet.

5.4.6 Research Findings and Reports

There are various government departments which release research and survey
data under various fields on regular basis. Annual Reports of Various Ministries,
Census Records and Data from National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) are
secondary sources of information, which can be used in news reporting. Reports
from international agencies also publish research and survey data with plenty of
analysis. A reporter should be familiar with the language of these reports and use
their concerned findings selectively in a related news report.

5.4.7 Use of Right to Information (RTI)

According to Right to Information Act, 2005 every Indian citizen has right to ask
questions and have information in written form from all the constitutional authorities,
including the executive, legislature and judiciary; any institution or body established
or constituted by an act of Parliament or state legislature, by submitting an
application and the requisite fee. An Indian reporter may also use this act to
gather information from all the government set-ups, controlled by either central or
state governments.
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Reporting Techniques 5.4.8 Exploring Library or Archive or Internet
Library, Archive and Internet are sources of plentiful information and a reporter
must have capability to search out the required piece of information required for
supplementing a news item. Also one can start a story on revisiting and rechecking
the kind of information as one would find a wide scope for stories in the such vast
information pool.
5.4.9 Following up the News Chain
The job of reporting does not end after filing a news report. There are follow-
ups of each news item. A dutiful reporter keeps his or her eyes on every new
developments of news, he had earlier reported. When any significant development
takes place and reporter understands that the development will be of the interest
to the reader, he or she keeps providing follow-ups.

5.5 ETHICS OF NEWS REPORTING

News reporting is a work that demands diligence and it becomes essential to
comply with some ethical standards to deliver the results in a tradition of healthy
journalism. Accuracy is most important among these ethical standards. A reporter
must not file inaccurate, misleading or distorted information, data, facts or images.
One should neither misquote anyone nor distort the statement by deleting lines.
A reporter should publish only the facts that the sources reveal on record, a
reporter should never report off the record statements. The reporter should protect
the privacy of the source. The news reported should not be meant to harass in
any way, i.e. it should not evoke communal violence or should not hurt the
sentiments of particular social group or class.Naming a sexual victim is not ethical.
While reporting, a reporter should not intrude into someone’s grief or sorrow.
Asking a victim, how is he feeling, is just a kind of insensitive behavior and thus
an unethical approach of reporting. Interrogating minors, without the guardian’s
permission, is also unethical. A reporter should always avoid these unethical
approaches.

5.6 BASICS OF WRITING A NEWS REPORT

The final stage before filing a news report is to write it down in the most
communicative way. While writing a news report the following points should be
kept in mind –
5.6.1 Constraints: Word Limit, Deadline and Editorial Policy
A reporter faces various constraints in writing a news report, which cannot be
overlooked. The most common constraints are word limit and deadline. Print
space in a newspaper or magazine always remains restricted and so a reporter
cannot traverse the prescribed word count of the news report. Secondly, a reporter
has to submit the news report on or before the deadline. The deadline is a point
of time at which the editorial works in a print media stop.
One more constraint, while writing a news report is the editorial policy. There are
some pre-defined set of rules which decide the editorial functioning a media
house. These set of rules can stop a reporter from using some words in the news
report or it can restrict him or her from exploring some restricted domain of
issues. A reporter has to be conscious about the editorial policy of the organisation,
74 while finalising the news report.
5.6.2 Content: Sequence and Style Types of News Reporting

Every news report should be written in a sequence. There should be continuity

in the matter and the reader should not feel any lag or discontinuity. The tense
used for news style articles is always past tense. Also, a reporter should follow
the style sheet of the organisation. The style sheet is a manual detailing the house
style of a publisher, publication, etc., and includes list of words, spellings and
signs, regularly practiced in a media house.
A reporter should also take care of sentence structure. He or she should also
maintain the sequence in which report explains the information in terms of relative
importance, tone, and target audience. A news report should have answers to the
5W1H questions – What happened? Who is involved? When did it take place?
Where did it take place? Why did that happen? How did it happen? This structure
of writing a news in a diminishing significance of information in subsequent
paragraphs is called Inverted Pyramid.

5.6.3 Packaging
After keeping all the aforementioned things in account, a reporter finally starts
writing a news report. A news report can be normally divided in following parts–

5.6.4 Heading
Heading of a news report is a phrase or sentence that conveys the core theme
of it. It only attracts the attention of the reader at first. It always exists in a higher
and bold font size. The common practice is to keep the heading like an umbrella
to the whole story.

5.6.5 Lead/Introduction
The lead or the introduction is the first paragraph of a news story. This introduces
readers to the subject of the news report. Apart from flashing the central theme,
a lead should always successfully create excitement and curiosity. A lead can be
written in a wide range of forms. It may be narrative or descriptive. A paradoxical
or interrogative form of introduction can also be written down. A lead can just be
a quotation of a concerned person. It may also be startling or show a contrast
and or comparison. You will learn more about leads and types of leads in unit 9
of the Course and ‘Writing Editing for Print Media’

5.6.7 Body
Body of a news report tries to answer all the questions raised in the lead. The
main thing in writing body of news is to maintain continuity and the mood of the
story.

5.6.7 Quotes/Attributions
News reports should have quotes and attributions. Quotes and attributions
authenticate the factuality and truth of the report. Any news without attribution
lacks the completeness.

5.6.8 Summing up
At the end, a news report should have a conclusive line. The conclusion in a news
report is written at the last and it leaves a scope for the follow up.
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Reporting Techniques 5.6.9 Image and Caption
Photograph or image with a suitable caption adds value to the news report. It also
helps to create a visual memory of readers, which keeps them connected to the
news follow-ups.

5.7 LET US SUM UP

In this unit, you have learnt about the basic fundamentals of news reporting. You
have learnt about the types of news reporting, basic techniques, about the types
of news reporting, basic techniques, how to write a news report and most
importantly, the ethical practices while covering a story. The next unit will give you
a vivid idea about the in depth research that goes into a story.
In this unit, we learnt the fundamentals for News Reporting. We had a vivid
description of various types of news reporting. Also, we learnt basic reporting
techniques and ethics of news reporting. We also went through how to write a
news report.

5.8 KEY WORDS

Caption : Elucidation of an image or illustration
Deadline : The point of time, till when a story should be submitted
Press Gallery : A space in an assembly or parliament, allotted for
accredited media persons.
Public Relation : Procedure by which organisations, companies and
individuals communicate with the public and media.
Story : News report
Target Audience : A group of people, targeted as the reader of a
newspaper or magazine.

5.9 FURTHER READINGS

1. Anna Mckane (2006): News Writing, Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi
2. Bill Kovach & Tom Rosenstiel (2014, 3rd Ed.): The Elements of Journalism:
What Newspeople Should Know and the Public Should Expect, Crown
Publishers, New York
3. David Spark & Geoffrey Harris (2012, 4th Ed.): Practical Newspaper
Reporting, Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
4. Jorgen Westertahl, “Objective News Reporting: General Premises”
Communication Research, 10, no 3 (1983) p. 403-405
5. Tim Harrower (2010) Inside Reporting: A Practical Guide to the Craft of
Journalism, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi
6. Tony Harcup (2015, 3rd Ed.): Journalism Principles and Practice, Sage
Publications India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
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 Types of News Reporting
5.12 CHECK YOUR PROGRESS: POSSIBLE
ANSWERS
Check Your Progress 1
Refer 5.3.2 and 5.3.3
Check Your Progress 2
Refer 5.3.9
Check Your Progress 3
Refer 5.3.12

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