Table of Contents

1 Commissioning Object ................................................................................................. 1

2 Tool and Equipment for Commissioning .................................................................... 1
3 Generator and excitation parameters ......................................................................... 2
3.1 General parameters of the generator..................................................................... 2
3.2 Main transformer parameters ............................................................................... 2
3.3 Excitation transformer parameters ....................................................................... 2
3.4 PT、CT parameters ............................................................................................. 2
4 Reference standards ..................................................................................................... 3
5 Commissioning Results ................................................................................................ 4
6 Unfinished Item ............................................................................................................ 4
7 Test procedure and result ............................................................................................ 4
7.1AVR And PSS Model ........................................................................................... 5
7.2.The frequency response test of the excitation system at no load (the generators are
not connected to the grid). ......................................................................................... 6
7.3.Step response test of the excitation system at no load........................................... 7
7.4.The test of reactive power shedding (Calibration of adjustment coefficient)....... 11
7.5.Test of frequency response of the excitation system when the generator connects
to grid without Compensated (Ug against Vinj) ....................................................... 12
7.6.PSS leading, lagging parameters setting............................................................. 14
7.7.Measurement of the PSS critical gain(amplification factor)................................ 16
7.8.Test of frequency response of the excitation system when the generator connects
to grid with Compensated(Ug against Vinj) ............................................................. 21
7.9.Test of frequency response of the excitation system when the generator connects
to grid with&without Compensated(Active Power against Vinj ) ............................. 24
7.10.Small step response test when the generator is connected to the grid ................ 27
7.11. Large step impulse test when the generator is connected to the grid ................ 33
7.12.Reverse regulation test when the generator is connected to the grid ................. 43
8 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 45

I
1 Commissioning Object
The objective of the PSS is to provide a positive contribution to damping

of the generator rotor angle swings, which arc in a broad range system. These

swings range from low-frequency inter-area of frequencies in the power

modes (typically0.1-0.7Hz)to the generator local modes (typically 0.7-2.0Hz).

The low-frequency modes,commonly called intertie and inter-area modes, are

due to coherent groups of generators swinging against other groups in the

interconnected system. These modes are present in all interconnected systems,

and the damping is a function if tie line strength and loading.Weak ties due to

line outages and heavy system loads can lead to poorly damped inertie modes.

The PSS can provide significant improvements by allowing increased loading

of interties between systems by way of adding to intertie mode damping . To

be effective in intertie mode damping requires widespread application of

stabilizers to most units , which participate in these power swing modes.

2 Tool and Equipment for Commissioning

No. Description Type Product from
1) Waveform Record Analyzer TK2024 CHINA
2) Spectrum Analyzer COCO80 USA
3) Excitation system signal transmitter TK103C CHINA

—1—
3 Generator and excitation parameters
3.1 General parameters of the generator
Model SF75-42/9390
Rated apparent power 88.24MVA
Rated active power 75MW
Rated stator voltage 13.8kV
Rated stator current 3691.7A
Rated power factor 0.85
Rated excitation current 1373A
Rated excitation voltage 208V
Rated no-load excitation current 709A
Rated no-load excitation voltage 107V
Rated speed 142.86r/min
Total flywheel torque GD2 11800 t.m2

3.2 Main transformer parameters

Model SF10-90000/230
Rated Capacity 90MVA
Rated voltage 230kV±2×2.5%/13.8kV
Connection group YNd11

3.3 Excitation transformer parameters

Model ZSCB10-1250/13.8
Rated Capacity 1250kVA
Rated voltage 13.8kV±2×2.5%/540V
Connection group Yd11

3.4 PT、CT parameters

PT ratio 13800V/110V
CT ratio 4000A/1 A
Rotor current shunt ratio 2000A/75mV

—2—
4 Reference standards
 IEEE Std 421.4 IEEE Guide for the Preparation of Excitation System

Specifications

 IEEE Std 421.5 IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System

Models for Power System Stability Studies

 GB/T 7409.1-2008 eqv IEC 60034-16-1 excitation systems for

synchronous electrical machines—definitions

 GB/T 7409.2-2008 eqv IEC 60034-16-2 excitation systems for

synchronous machines—models for power system studies

 GB/T 7409.3-2007 eqv IEC 60034-16-3 excitation systems for

synchronous-machines—Technical requirements of excitation system for

large and medium synchronous generators

 GB/T 31464-2015 The grid operation code

 DL/T 843-2010 Specification for excitation system for large turbine

generators

 DL/T 1870-2018 power grid and power source coordination specification

 DL/T 1231-2018 Guide for setting test of power system stabilizer

 DL/T 1167-2019 Guide for modeling generator excitation system

—3—
5 Commissioning Results
 The frequency response test of the excitation system at no load (the

generators are not connected to the grid).

 Step response test of the excitation system at no load.

 The test of reactive power shedding (Calibration of adjustment

coefficient).

 Test of frequency response of the excitation system when the generator

connects to grid without Compensated (Ug against Vinj).

 PSS leading, lagging parameters setting.

 Measurement of the PSS critical gain(amplification factor).

 Test of frequency response of the excitation system when the generator

connects to grid with Compensated(Ug against Vinj).

 Test of frequency response of the excitation system when the generator

connects to grid with&without Compensated(Active Power against Vinj ).

 Small step response test when the generator is connected to the grid.

 Large step impulse test when the generator is connected to the grid.

 Reverse regulation test when the generator is connected to the grid.

6 Unfinished Item
NO
7 Test procedure and result

—4—
7.1AVR And PSS Model
7.1.1 AVR PID Model

Figure 1 Transfer Function of AVR PID Model

KR=22 TA1=0TA2=0 TA3=1 TA4=4

7.1.2 Type PSS 2B Power System Stabilizer Model in EXC9100

Figure 2 Transfer Function of PSS2B Model

—5—
7.2.The frequency response test of the excitation system at no load (the
generators are not connected to the grid).

7.2.1.Test purpose
Measure the characteristics of the closed-loop frequency no-load

excitation system to determine whether the response index of the control

system in the frequency domain is qualified.

7.2.2.Test condition
The generator operated at no-load and PSS OFF.

7.2.3.Active signal
Put in the excitation signal to voltage adjustment element of excitation

system the voltage signal Vinj with frequency from 0.2Hz to 3Hz; the

amplitude of Vinj signal has valid to ensure that the generator terminal

voltage don’t fluctuate more than 1% of rated voltage.

7.2.4.Test result and record

The excitation system’s frequency response phase characteristic and

amplification characteristic (dB) is obtained by using COCO80, shown as

Figure 3 and Table 1.

—6—
 Figure 3 The amplification and phase-frequency characteristic

Table 1 Phase-frequency characteristic without compensation

f(Hz) Phase (°) Gain(dB) f(Hz) Phase (°) Gain(dB) f(Hz) Phase (°) Gain(dB)

0.10 -4.03 29.07 1.10 -56.54 26.84 2.10 -86.80 22.47

0.20 -9.41 29.22 1.20 -60.74 26.35 2.20 -88.92 22.11

0.30 -16.12 29.24 1.30 -64.92 26.02 2.30 -91.52 21.73

0.40 -21.43 29.03 1.40 -68.51 25.57 2.40 -93.10 21.44

0.50 -27.15 28.80 1.50 -71.58 25.07 2.50 -94.89 20.90

0.60 -33.13 28.56 1.60 -75.05 24.69 2.60 -97.33 20.56

0.70 -38.47 28.26 1.70 -78.11 24.20 2.70 -98.43 20.20

0.80 -43.41 27.90 1.80 -80.25 23.81 2.80 -99.63 19.85

0.90 -48.21 27.60 1.90 -82.62 23.33 2.90 -102.00 19.39

1.00 -52.37 27.16 2.00 -85.52 22.92 3.00 -102.50 19.07

7.3.Step response test of the excitation system at no load

7.3.1.Test purpose
Check the stability of AVR system.

—7—
7.3.2.Test condition
The generator operated at no-load and PSS is not put in.
7.3.3.Active signal
Make a sudden change of reference voltage (equivalent to a minimum of
5% Ur of generator terminal) of the AVR generator voltage regulator for 10
seconds, make two-way increase and decrease reference voltage.
7.3.4.Test result and record
Acceptance Criteria on generator no-load step response: step of 5% of
rated voltage of generator, overshoot is no more than 30% of step value,
frequency of oscillation is no more than 3 times, rise time is no more than
0.6s, settling time is no more than 5s.
1) Channel A ±5% Ugn step

Figure 4 Channel A ±5% Ugn step

（UAB: generator voltage UFD: excitation voltage IFD: excitation Current
Uavr:Excitation output control voltage）
Channel A﹢5% step： Settling time=0.3750s Oscillation times=0.5
Overshoot=4.0303% Rise time=0.3167s
Channel A﹣5% step： Settling time=2.9900s Oscillation times=0.5
Overshoot=6.4545% Rise time=0.3259s

—8—
2) Channel A ±10% Ugn step

Figure 5 Channel A ±10% Ugn step

（UAB: generator voltage UFD: excitation voltage IFD: excitation Current
Uavr:Excitation output control voltage）
Channel A﹢10% step： Settling time=0.7300s Oscillation times=0.5
Overshoot=5.1089% Rise time=0.2717s
Channel A﹣10% step： Settling time=0.8150s Oscillation times=0.5
Overshoot=4.0346% Rise time=0.2885s

3) Channel B ±5% Ugn step

Figure 6 Channel B ±5% Ugn step

—9—
 （UAB: generator voltage UFD: excitation voltage IFD: excitation Current
Uavr:Excitation output control voltage）
Channel B﹢5% step： Settling time=0.3700s Oscillation times=0.5
Overshoot=3.9518% Rise time=0.3054s
Channel B﹣5% step： Settling time=1.0050s Oscillation times=1.5
Overshoot=5.2926% Rise time=0.3891s

4) Channel B ±10% Ugn step

Figure 7 Channel B ±10% Ugn step

（UAB: generator voltage UFD: excitation voltage IFD: excitation Current
Uavr:Excitation output control voltage）
Channel B﹢10% step： Settling time=0.2800s Oscillation times=0.5
Overshoot=4.6962% Rise time=0.2486s
Channel B﹣10% step： Settling time=0.3850s Oscillation times=0.5
Overshoot=3.8076% Rise time=0.3469s

Conclusion:

From the above measurement calculation, it can be seen that the

excitation system meets the standard requirements.

— 10 —
7.4.The test of reactive power shedding (Calibration of adjustment
coefficient)

7.4.1.Test purpose
Check the Calibration of adjustment coefficient.

7.4.2.Test condition
When the tested units are connected to the grid, the active power is as

small as possible under excitation (receiving re-active power about 20÷30%

rated power), and the adjustment coefficient is set to 0.

7.4.3.Test method
The reactive power of the generator under test is adjusted to about

-10Mvar. Record the actual stator voltage Ut and excitation reference voltage

given value Uref, reactive power Q. Then the generator is separated to the

no-load state, and the given voltage is adjusted to the corresponding value.

Record the actual stator voltage value Ut0 at this time. The experimental data

is shown in the table below.

7.4.4.Test result and record

The test result and record see the attached table.

Q(Mvar) Ut Uref Ut0

-10.759 13.583 13.751 13.539

Fro the table above, we can see that:

— 11 —
 U −U S 13.539 − 13.583 88.24
D= × × 100% = × × 100% = 0.039%
U Q 13.751 −10.759

It is basically consistent with the setting value 0%.

Figure 8 reactive power shedding (P=2.123MW Q=-10.759Mvar)

（UAB: generator voltage IA:Generator current UFD: excitation voltage IFD:
excitation Current Uavr:Excitation output control voltage Upss:pss output control
voltage P3L:Active power Q3L:Reactive power）

7.5.Test of frequency response of the excitation system when the

generator connects to grid without Compensated (Ug against Vinj)

7.5.1.Test purpose
Check the propagator of excitation system when have not PSS.

7.5.2.Test condition
Grid-connected state, automatic voltage mode, active power is

80%~100% Pn, reactive power is 20~30% Qn. PSS set OFF.

7.5.3.Test method
During the test, PSS withdrew. Measure the frequency response from the

voltage superimposing point Vinj to the terminal voltage Ut, the frequency

— 12 —
range is 0.05Hz~3Hz, and the maximum step length is 0.05Hz. Ensure that

the amplitude of the added white noise does not exceed 1% of the rated

voltage caused by the fluctuation of the generator terminal voltage.

7.5.4.Test result and record

The excitation system’s frequency response phase characteristic and

amplification characteristic (dB) is obtained by using COCO80, shown as

Figure 9 and Table 2.

Figure 9 Record wave diagram:Uncompensated

Table 2 Phase-frequency characteristic without compensation

f(Hz) Phase (°) Gain(dB) f(Hz) Phase (°) Gain(dB) f(Hz) Phase (°) Gain(dB)

0.10 -12.47 28.72 1.10 -84.39 20.75 2.10 -101.52 11.61

0.20 -28.38 28.38 1.20 -89.18 20.55 2.20 -99.94 11.47

0.30 -40.36 27.42 1.30 -100.54 20.31 2.30 -99.22 11.10

0.40 -50.45 26.05 1.40 -112.54 18.18 2.40 -101.58 10.70

0.50 -55.46 24.74 1.50 -117.08 15.85 2.50 -101.62 10.76

0.60 -62.51 23.92 1.60 -113.22 13.93 2.60 -103.18 10.51

— 13 —
0.70 -68.87 23.07 1.70 -106.36 12.74 2.70 -102.79 9.32

0.80 -74.49 22.09 1.80 -101.09 12.46 2.80 -105.06 9.22

0.90 -75.57 21.21 1.90 -99.08 12.24 2.90 -102.20 8.52

1.00 -80.39 21.53 2.00 -100.97 11.98 3.00 -105.56 9.84

7.6.PSS leading, lagging parameters setting

Table 3 The parameters setting of PSS
Name CHA CHB Name CHA CHB

KS1 6 6 T5 1 1

KS2 1.0697 1.0697 T6 1 1

KS3 1 1 T8 0.6 0.6

T1 0.18 0.18 T9 0.12 0.12

T2 0.02 0.02 TW1 8 8

T3 0.2 0.2 TW2 8 8

T4 0.03 0.03 TW3 8 8

M 5 5 TW4 0 0

PSS disable
N 1 1 0.15 p.u. 0.15 p.u.
Value

PSS limited PSS enable

±10% ±10% 0.2 p.u. 0.2 p.u.
Value Value

(1)PSS function is enabling, when the active power is greater than 20%

of Sn, the PSS will play a role in the system.

(2)PSS function is enabling, when the active power is less than 15% of

Sn, the PSS will quit automatically.

(3)PSS output limit amplitude: ±10%.

— 14 —
 Table 4. Amplification and Phase-frequency characteristic of PSS
Uncompensated PSS Phase Compensated Gain
f（Hz）
Phase（°） （°） Phase（°） (V/V)

0.1 -12.47 -56.05 -68.51 1.25

0.2 -28.38 -56.11 -84.49 0.67

0.3 -40.36 -49.49 -89.85 0.48

0.4 -50.45 -41.91 -92.36 0.39

0.5 -55.46 -34.60 -90.06 0.34

0.6 -62.51 -27.95 -90.47 0.32

0.7 -68.87 -22.11 -90.98 0.31

0.8 -74.49 -17.06 -91.55 0.30

0.9 -75.57 -12.76 -88.34 0.30

1.0 -80.39 -9.15 -89.54 0.30

1.1 -84.39 -6.15 -90.54 0.31

1.2 -89.18 -3.67 -92.85 0.31

1.3 -100.54 -1.66 -102.20 0.32

1.4 -112.54 -0.05 -112.59 0.33

1.5 -117.08 1.21 -115.88 0.34

1.6 -113.22 2.16 -111.06 0.35

1.7 -106.36 2.85 -103.51 0.36

1.8 -101.09 3.31 -97.78 0.37

1.9 -99.08 3.58 -95.50 0.37

2.0 -100.97 3.66 -97.31 0.38

Because the PSS uses the negative electric power (-Pe) of the generator

as the input signal, the phase advance of the -Pe signal is about 90° after

straightening. According to Standard requirement of PSS, within the

— 15 —
frequency of 0.1Hz~2.0Hz, the phase difference between the electromagnetic

moments provided by PSS and is in the range of -68.51°~-115.88°. Therefore,

in the frequency range of 0.1Hz~2Hz, PSS can generate positive damping

moment.

phase frequency characteristic of unit1

20

-20
AVR Phase Frequency
-40 PSS Phase Frequency
degree

PSS+AVR Phase Frequency

-60

-80

-100

-120

-140
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
f（0.2Hz/div）

Figure 10 phase frequency characteristic of unit1

7.7.Measurement of the PSS critical gain(amplification factor)

7.7.1.Test purpose
Determine the best amplification factor of PSS to ensure reserve.

7.7.2.Test condition
Make in the condition of generator connect to grid, with PSS set,

minimum active power at 80% of rated power, re-active power at 20% -30%

of rated power.

7.7.3.Test method
Increase the Ks factor of PSS (for example, Ks = 1, 3, 6,9 ...), each Ks

value has measured for a minimum of 1 minute, until the incremental

— 16 —
oscillation occurs of the excitation voltage, the excitation current, the

terminal voltage, the active power, the re-active power. Stop and record the

Ks value.setting value is equal to 1/3 of the abovementioned last recorded

value.

7.7.4.Test record and result

（UAB: generator voltage UFD: excitation voltage IFD: excitation

Current IA: generator current P2L: active power Q2L: reactive power）

Figure 11 the PSS critical gain test（Ks1=1）

— 17 —
 Figure 12 the PSS critical gain test（Ks1=3)

Figure 13 the PSS critical gain test（Ks1=6)

— 18 —
Figure 14 the PSS critical gain test（Ks1=9)

Figure 15 the PSS critical gain test（Ks1=12)

— 19 —
 Figure 16 the PSS critical gain test（Ks1=15)

Figure 17 the PSS critical gain test（Ks1=18)

Critical gain has been checked from 1 to 18 (Ks1=1、3、6、9.....18）.It

can be seen that the system is stable, but the excitation voltage of the

generator fluctuates greater gradually from Ks1=18.The gain Ks1 = 6 has

been finally chosen due to the good damping characteristic through the AVR

step response and through well damping within the frequency range from 0.1

Hz till 2 Hz.

— 20 —
7.8.Test of frequency response of the excitation system when the
generator connects to grid with Compensated(Ug against Vinj)

7.8.1.Test purpose
Check the spreader of the excitation system when there is a PSS.

7.8.2.Test condition
Grid-connected state, automatic voltage mode.

P =60MW, Q =10Mvar. PSS set ON.

7.8.3.Test method
Put in the excitation signal to voltage adjustment element of excitation

system the voltage signal Vinj with frequency from 0.2Hz to 3Hz; the

amplitude of Vinj signal has valid to ensure that the generator terminal

voltage don’t fluctuate more than 1% of rated voltage.

7.8.4.Test result and record

The frequency response phase characteristic and amplification

characteristic (dB) of the excitation system are obtained by using COCO80,

as shown in Figure 18 to Figure 20 and Table 5.

— 21 —
 Figure 18 Compensated

Table 5 Phase frequency characteristics with compensation

f(Hz) Phase (°) Gain(dB) f(Hz) Phase (°) Gain(dB) f(Hz) Phase (°) Gain(dB)

0.10 -68.21 30.49 1.10 -85.07 10.95 2.10 -90.48 4.71

0.20 -81.90 24.60 1.20 -87.30 10.87 2.20 -88.18 3.53

0.30 -98.89 20.40 1.30 -95.14 10.76 2.30 -89.21 3.73

0.40 -87.94 17.78 1.40 -111.5 9.63 2.40 -89.40 3.08

0.50 -89.63 15.60 1.50 -108.9 5.87 2.50 -92.31 3.49

0.60 -86.74 14.60 1.60 -109.0 5.02 2.60 -92.31 3.35

0.70 -84.55 12.96 1.70 -99.09 3.92 2.70 -90.48 3.06

0.80 -84.29 12.44 1.80 -97.33 3.70 2.80 -92.36 2.85

0.90 -84.73 11.06 1.90 -88.74 3.84 2.90 -93.13 3.03

1.00 -82.05 10.78 2.00 -87.14 3.31 3.00 -97.75 3.02

— 22 —
 40
Gain_Uncompensated
35
Gain_Compensated
30

25
dB

20

15

10

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3
Hz/s

Figure 19 The amplification-frequency characteristic of compensated &uncompensated

0
Phase_Uncompensated
-20 Phase_Compensated

-40

-60
Degree

-80

-100

-120

-140
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3
Hz/s

Figure 20 The phase-frequency characteristic of compensated &uncompensated

— 23 —
7.9.Test of frequency response of the excitation system when the
generator connects to grid with&without Compensated(Active Power

against Vinj )
7.9.1.Test purpose
Compare the ability of anti-oscillating in case without PSS and with

PSS.

7.9.2.Test condition
The generator GCB close, the generator is generating at 80÷100% rated

power, the minimum re-active power at 20% of rated power, the PSS set

OFF.

7.9.3.Test method
Put in the excitation signal to voltage adjustment element of excitation

system the voltage signal Vinj with frequency from 0.2Hz to 3Hz; the

amplitude of Vinj signal has valid to ensure that the generator terminal

voltage don’t fluctuate more than 1% of rated voltage.

Grid-connected state, automatic voltage mode

P =60MW, Q =10Mvar. PSS=OFF/ON

7.9.4.Test result and record

The frequency response phase characteristic of the excitation system and

the amplification characteristic (dB) between the generator terminal voltage

and the Vinj excitation voltage are obtained by using COCO80, as shown in

Figures 21 to 24, Table 6 and Table 7.

— 24 —
 Figure 21 without PSS

Table 6 :without PSS

f(Hz) Phase (°) Gain(dB) f(Hz) Phase (°) Gain(dB) f(Hz) Phase (°) Gain(dB)

0.10 123.54 -42.60 1.10 64.19 -20.14 2.10 -89.89 -24.06

0.20 178.39 -55.85 1.20 49.57 -17.01 2.20 -95.28 -25.27

0.30 -38.02 -39.90 1.30 27.23 -14.84 2.30 -97.63 -26.08

0.40 122.61 -35.93 1.40 -3.37 -13.38 2.40 -101.56 -26.82

0.50 133.62 -33.11 1.50 -32.27 -13.86 2.50 -103.30 -27.43

0.60 104.90 -31.77 1.60 -52.26 -16.25 2.60 -105.55 -28.65

0.70 101.71 -27.82 1.70 -67.80 -17.91 2.70 -105.07 -29.10

0.80 95.29 -26.61 1.80 -76.80 -19.70 2.80 -108.63 -29.59

0.90 83.14 -24.56 1.90 -83.86 -21.82 2.90 -111.50 -29.99

1.00 81.37 -22.07 2.00 -88.72 -23.09 3.00 -113.51 -30.62

— 25 —
 Figure 22 with PSS

Table 7 :with PSS

f(Hz) Phase (°) Gain(dB) f(Hz) Phase (°) Gain(dB) f(Hz) Phase (°) Gain(dB)

0.10 -39.41 -45.23 1.10 44.94 -22.22 2.10 -74.05 -24.40

0.20 144.01 -38.61 1.20 26.40 -20.92 2.20 -81.62 -24.73

0.30 136.11 -37.95 1.30 14.80 -20.66 2.30 -85.57 -25.76

0.40 111.48 -39.19 1.40 -2.40 -19.94 2.40 -91.69 -26.41

0.50 153.94 -39.70 1.50 -14.89 -19.69 2.50 -92.68 -27.29

0.60 125.70 -30.10 1.60 -30.64 -20.40 2.60 -96.16 -27.70

0.70 87.35 -28.63 1.70 -39.96 -21.09 2.70 -100.29 -28.44

0.80 85.78 -24.95 1.80 -51.57 -21.35 2.80 -105.83 -28.77

0.90 71.55 -25.24 1.90 -59.94 -22.28 2.90 -105.97 -29.62

1.00 58.72 -22.43 2.00 -68.18 -23.13 3.00 -105.74 -29.82

— 26 —
 0
Gain_Uncompensated
-10 Gain_Compensated

-20
dB

-30

-40

-50

-60
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3
Hz/s

Figure 23 The amplification-frequency characteristic of compensated &uncompensated

250
Phase_Uncompensated
200
Phase_Compensated
150

100

50
Degree

-50

-100

-150

-200
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3
Hz/s

Figure 24 The phase-frequency characteristic of compensated &uncompensated

7.10.Small step response test when the generator is connected to the grid
7.10.1.Test purpose
Check the effect of PSS function in anti-oscillating, especially internal

— 27 —
oscillations of the unit.

7.10.2.Test condition
The generator CB close, the generator is generating at 80 ÷ 100% of

active power. This test used in two cases (with and without PSS),

corresponding with two level of re-active power(the difference of re-active

power at minimum are 40% of rated power).

Condition 1:Active power and reactive power are adjusted according to

the actual situation on site.

P=70MW Q=0Mvar

Condition 2:Active power and reactive power are adjusted according to

the actual situation on site.

P=70MW Q=20Mvar

7.10.3.Test method
Make a sudden change in the reference voltage (equivalent with

minimum 2% of generator terminal rated voltage) of the AVR, keep in 10

seconds, make both tendency of increase and decrease reference voltage.

7.10.4.Test result and record

Definition of the damping ratio show as Figure 25:

— 28 —
 Figure 25 Definition of the damping ratio

Formula:

（UAB: generator voltage IA:Generator current UFD: excitation voltage

IFD: excitation Current Uavr:Excitation output control voltage

Upss:pss output control voltage P3L:Active power Q3L:Reactive

power）

— 29 —
1)Condition 1:

a)CHANNEL A ±3%

Figure 26 CH A±3% step response curve (P=70MW Q=0Mvar PSS OFF)

N=3 f=1.4388Hz ζ=0.1496
N: Number of oscillations f: Oscillation frequency ζ: Damping ratio

Figure 27 CH A±3% step response curve (P=70MW Q=0Mvar PSS ON)

N=2.5 f=1.4286Hz ζ=0.3801
N: Number of oscillations f: Oscillation frequency ζ: Damping ratio

— 30 —
b)CHANNEL B ±3%

Figure 28 CH B±3% step response curve (P=70MW Q=0Mvar PSS OFF)

N=4 f=1.5113Hz ζ=0.1512
N: Number of oscillations f: Oscillation frequency ζ: Damping ratio

Figure 29 CH B±3% step response curve (P=70MW Q=0Mvar PSS ON)

N=2 f=1.3699Hz ζ=0.3411
N: Number of oscillations f: Oscillation frequency ζ: Damping ratio

— 31 —
2)Condition 2:

a)CHANNEL A -+3%

Figure 30 CH A-+3% step response curve (P=70MW Q=20Mvar PSS OFF)

N=3 f=1.3937Hz ζ=0.1171
N: Number of oscillations f: Oscillation frequency ζ: Damping ratio

Figure 31 CHA-+3% step response curve (P=70MW Q=20Mvar PSS ON)

N=2 f=1.3333Hz ζ=0.3657
N: Number of oscillations f: Oscillation frequency ζ: Damping ratio

— 32 —
 b)CHANNEL B -+3%

Figure 32 CHB-+3% step response curve (P=70MW Q=20Mvar PSS OFF)

N=3 f=1.4493Hz ζ=0.1602
N: Number of oscillations f: Oscillation frequency ζ: Damping ratio

Figure 33 CHB-+3% step response curve (P=70MW Q=20Mvar PSS ON)

N=2 f=1.1905Hz ζ=0.3838
N: Number of oscillations f: Oscillation frequency ζ: Damping ratio

7.11. Large step impulse test when the generator is connected to the grid
7.11.1. Test purpose
Check the role of PSS function in anti-oscillation, especially the internal

— 33 —
oscillation of the unit

7.11.2. Test conditions

The generator CB close, the generator is generating at 80 ÷ 100% of

active power. This test used in two cases (with and without PSS),

corresponding with two level of re-active power(the difference of re-active

power at minimum are 40% of rated power).

Condition 1: Active power and reactive power are adjusted according to

the actual situation on site.

P=70MW Q=0Mvar

Condition 2: Active power and reactive power are adjusted according to

the actual situation on site.

P=70MW Q=20Mvar

7.11.3. Test method

Suddenly change the reference voltage of the AVR (equivalent to 5%

and 10% level of the rated terminal voltage of the generator) and keep it for

100 milliseconds to increase or decrease the reference voltage in two ways;

7.11.4. Test results and records

1) Condition 1:

— 34 —
a) Channel A +5%

Figure 34 CHA+5% step response curve during 100 ms (P=70MW Q=0Mvar PSS OFF）
N=4.5 f=1.1817Hz ζ=0.1124
N: Number of oscillations f: Oscillation frequency ζ: Damping ratio

Figure 35 CHA+5% step response curve during 100 ms (P=70MW Q=0Mvar PSS ON）
N=2 f=1.6129Hz ζ=0.2254
N: Number of oscillations f: Oscillation frequency ζ: Damping ratio

— 35 —
b)CHANNEL B +5%

Figure 36 CHB+5% step response curve during 100 ms(P=70MW Q=0Mvar PSS OFF）
N=3.5 f=1.4634Hz ζ=0.1363
N: Number of oscillations f: Oscillation frequency ζ: Damping ratio

Figure 37 CHB+5% step response curve during 100 ms (P=70MW Q=0Mvar PSS ON）
N=2 f=1.6529Hz ζ=0.2442
N: Number of oscillations f: Oscillation frequency ζ: Damping ratio

— 36 —
c) Channel A +10%

Figure 38 CHA+10% step response curve during 100 ms (P=70MW Q=0Mvar PSS OFF）
N=3 f=1.5094Hz ζ=0.1335
N: Number of oscillations f: Oscillation frequency ζ: Damping ratio

Figure 39 CHA+10% step response curve during 100 ms (P=70MW Q=0Mvar PSS ON）
N=2 f=1.6807Hz ζ=0.2348
N: Number of oscillations f: Oscillation frequency ζ: Damping ratio

— 37 —
d)CHANNEL B +10%

Figure 40 CHB+10% step response curve during 100 ms(P=70MW Q=0Mvar PSS OFF）
N=3 f=1.5267Hz ζ=0.1344
N: Number of oscillations f: Oscillation frequency ζ: Damping ratio

Figure 41 CHB+10% step response curve during 100 ms (P=70MW Q=0Mvar PSS ON）
N=2 f=1.7094Hz ζ=0.2470
N: Number of oscillations f: Oscillation frequency ζ: Damping ratio

— 38 —
 2) Condition 2:

a) Channel A -5%

Figure 42 CHA-5% step response curve during 100 ms(P=70MW Q=20Mvar PSS OFF）
N=4 f=1.4528Hz ζ=0.1165
N: Number of oscillations f: Oscillation frequency ζ: Damping ratio

Figure 43 CHA-5% step response curve during 100 ms (P=70MW Q=20Mvar PSS ON）
N=2 f=1.6129Hz ζ=0.2750
N: Number of oscillations f: Oscillation frequency ζ: Damping ratio

— 39 —
b)CHANNEL B -5%

Figure 44 CHB-5% step response curve during 100 ms(P=70MW Q=20Mvar PSS OFF）
N=3.5 f=1.4706Hz ζ=0.1263
N: Number of oscillations f: Oscillation frequency ζ: Damping ratio

Figure 45 CHB-5% step response curve during 100 ms (P=70MW Q=20Mvar PSS ON）
N=2 f=1.6807Hz ζ=0.2470
N: Number of oscillations f: Oscillation frequency ζ: Damping ratio

— 40 —
c) Channel A -10%

Figure 46 CHA-10% step response curve during 100 ms(P=70MW Q=20Mvar PSS OFF）
N=3.5 f=1.4706Hz ζ=0.1193
N: Number of oscillations f: Oscillation frequency ζ: Damping ratio

Figure 47 CHA-10% step response curve during 100 ms(P=70MW Q=20Mvar PSS OFF）
N=2 f=1.6260Hz ζ=0.2457
N: Number of oscillations f: Oscillation frequency ζ: Damping ratio

— 41 —
d)CHANNEL B -10%

Figure 48 CHB-10% step response curve during 100 ms(P=70MW Q=20Mvar PSS OFF）
N=3.5 f=1.4981Hz ζ=0.1215
N: Number of oscillations f: Oscillation frequency ζ: Damping ratio

Figure 49 CHB-10% step response curve during 100 ms (P=70MW Q=20Mvar PSS ON）
N=2 f=1.7241Hz ζ=0.2542
N: Number of oscillations f: Oscillation frequency ζ: Damping ratio

7.11.5.Conclusion
Experiments show that the output of excitation system is stable when

— 42 —
Ks1 =6, and Ks1 = 6 is determined to be the gain of PSS operation. It can be

seen that the number and amplitude of oscillation have been reduced after

PSS input, and the damping ratio has been significantly increased. PSS has an

inhibitory effect on the local oscillation.

7.12.Reverse regulation test when the generator is connected to the grid

7.12.1.Test purpose
Checking if the fluctuation of the generator active power and voltage is

in the scope of the permission under the maximum output rate of change rate

under the normal operation of generator.

7.12.2.Test condition
Grid-connected state, automatic voltage mode, active power is

80%~100% Pn, reactive power is 20% Qn.

7.12.3Test method
Put in PSS, during the test, when the maximum output change speed

prime mover is in normal operation, the adjusted active power change range

should not be less than 3% of the rated active power, take 10MW, and the

reactive power changes (relative to the initial value) It should be less than

20% Qn, that is 9.3Mvar, and the terminal power (relative to the initial value)

should be less than 2% of the rated voltage, 276V.

7.12.4.Test record and result

By rapidly increasing or decreasing the mechanical power of the turbine,
the change curve of the active power and the reactive power of the generator
is recorded. The unit reverse debugging test is shown in Figure 50 and
Figure51.

— 43 —
 Figure 50 PSS reverse test CHA PSS=ON
P=70MW change:10MW Reactive power variation :1Mvar

Figure 51 PSS reverse test CHB PSS=ON

P=70MW change:10MW Reactive power variation :1Mvar

It can be seen from Figures 50 to 51 that when the mechanical power of the

turbine increases and decreases rapidly by about 10 MW, the maximum

reactive power fluctuation is about 1 Mvar. The change in reactive power is

less than 30% of the rated reactive power, and the change in generator

voltage is less than 3% to 5% of the rated generator voltage.

— 44 —
8 Conclusion
In the PSS setting test of Dongnai5 HPP Unit 1, online uncompensated
frequency response characteristic test, PSS phase compensation characteristic
and parameter setting, PSS critical gain adjustment test, PSS damping effect
two-channel A, B check test, PSS output limit function The test and the
reverse adjustment test have been completed.
Experimental results show that the phase compensation of PSS is effective
and meets the requirements of relevant standards and power grids. PSS can
limit low-frequency oscillations between 0.1 Hz and 2 Hz. The reactive
power reversal is within the allowable range, and it can operate normally.

— 45 —