Annual Human Rights Situation in Bangladesh

2023

HUMAN RIGHTS SUPPORT SOCIETY

(HRSS)

www.hrssbd.org
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Editorial Board
Advisor

Barrister Shahjada Al Amin Kabir

Md. Nur Khan

Editor
Ijajul Islam

Executive Editors

Research and Publication Documentation and Monitoring

Md Saneequdrat Saqee Abdul Kadir
Abdullah Al Bukhari Rizwanul Haq

Investigation and Fact Findings

Md. Saiful Islam

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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Acknowledgements
The Human Rights Support Society (HRSS) is dedicated to documenting and advocating for the
protection of human rights in Bangladesh. This 2023 annual report presents a comprehensive
overview of the human rights landscape in Bangladesh, highlighting significant trends and
incidents over the past year. As Bangladesh celebrated the 52nd anniversary of its independence,
the promise of equity, human dignity, social justice, democracy, and human rights remained
unfulfilled for many of its citizens. The report draws from a wide array of sources, including
news reports from twelve national daily newspapers and HRSS's own investigative efforts, to
provide an accurate and detailed account of the human rights situation in the country.

In 2023, Bangladesh experienced one of its most challenging years regarding human rights. The
report reveals a disturbing pattern of violations that have impacted the fundamental freedoms
and rights of its people. The national elections, historically fraught with controversy, continued
to undermine democratic processes, leaving citizens disenfranchised. The year was marred by
widespread political violence, excessive use of force by law enforcement agencies, and severe
restrictions on freedom of expression and assembly.

Journalists, human rights defenders, minority communities, laborers, women, and children faced
numerous abuses, from harassment and arbitrary arrests to violence and discrimination. The
enforcement of laws like the Digital Security Act, 2018, and the Cyber Security Act, 2023, has
further stifled dissent and freedom of speech, creating an environment of fear and repression.
Additionally, incidents of extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances, and attacks on
peaceful gatherings highlight the urgent need for reform and accountability within law
enforcement and the judicial system.

This report seeks to shed light on these critical issues and provide actionable recommendations
to improve the human rights situation in Bangladesh. By documenting these abuses and
advocating for change, HRSS aims to foster a more just and equitable society where the rights
and freedoms of all individuals are respected and upheld. The findings and recommendations
within this report are intended to guide policymakers, civil society, and the international
community in their efforts to address and rectify human rights violations in Bangladesh.

At the end, I would like to thank all my associates for their remarkable contribution to publish
this annual report 2023. I specifically express my gratitude to the members of the executive
committee who, for this publication, undertook all pains. I hope that your cordial consultation
and support will help us to improve the quality of this report and encourage us to keep a vibrant
role in human rights sector.

Editor

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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Executive Summary
Bangladesh transitioned from being one of the poorest countries at its inception in 1971 to a
lower-middle-income country in 2015. It is on track to graduate from the United Nations Least
Developed Countries (LDC) list and become a middle-income country by 2026. Despite global
uncertainties, Bangladesh has demonstrated strong growth and development, supported by
robust readymade garments (RMG) exports, resilient remittance flows, and stable
macroeconomic conditions over the past two decades. However, the recent price hike of daily
commodities has raised public concerns.

Despite the country's many positive achievements in the 52 years since independence, human
rights issues persist. Violations continue in areas such as the rule of law, democracy, voting
rights freedom of expression, the right to assembly, social security, and women’s rights, despite
constitutional obligations and international treaties. The 2023 annual human rights report
highlights ongoing issues, including obstruction of peaceful assembly, false cases, political
arrests, extrajudicial killings, torture in police custody, and unlawful behavior by law
enforcement, abductions and disappearances, violence against women, and public lynching. The
overall human rights situation remains as dire as in 2022, with some deterioration observed.
According to collected data from prominent national dailies and HRSS investigation unit, this
year, there is a concerning (1051) number of political clashes killed at least 96 and 9379 injured.
Most of which were against BNP, internal clashes in AL, rally of BNP, peaceful Assembly and
other rights to assembly. LEAs arrested total 14886 people among which 8277 are from BNP-
Jamaat. Moreover, at least 679 cases are filed against 14412 activists with names and 58960
anonymously in the charge sheet. At least 629 peaceful assemblies were forced stop by the
LEAs and government fueled political agents. 3391 were injured and 6051 were arrested
regarding assembly clashes. 274 incidents of violence killed 9 and injured 1512 people at
election violence. Only in December, there are 205 incidents of violence, killed 5 and injured
975 totally.

34 incidents of extra judicial killings, 36 persons among which 7 were so called crossfire, 7 by
torture, and 14 were killed by the bullets. Under the custody of the LEAs, 8 were killed and
surprisingly 86 prisoners were died in jail. Among them 35 were convicted and other 51 were
trail prisoner. Only in December, 15 deaths recorded in jail among which 8 of them were BNP-
Jamaat activists /leaders.

50 persons were abducted by the identity of Law Enforcing Agencies where none of them were
presented before court within 24 hours and didn’t inform the families. Here, 36 of them were
shown arrest, 12 released but 2 had still no clue about them know where. Although there is a
clear direction of the court about presenting the arrestees within 24 before the court and let the
families know within 12 hours.

194 Attack on journalists killed, injured, harassed and oppressed about 366. 2 killed, 186
injured, 26 faced threats at work, 86 were harassed, 11 arrested and 55 of them were faced cases
by the government. Under Digital Security Act, 2018 and Cyber Security Act, 2023, at least 58
cases were filed against 188 and 60 were arrested. 27 attack on minority caused 43 injuries,

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destruction of 17 temples, 31 idols and 25 houses of the community. An attack on Ahmediya

Community at Panchagar killed 1 and injured 60 at March which followed by vandalizing 101
houses and 30 business Institutes with arson and heavy plunder.

114 Mob lynching incidents killed 73 and injured 91 which is a concerning number. Torture on
laborers killed 42 including 3 with bullets by the police and injured 350 on 200 incidents.
Workplace accidents caused death of 148 more laborers. 25 House maid tortures killed 11
including children maid and 14 were injured. Moreover, BSF on border killed 30 Bangladeshi
citizens, injured 31 and arrested 13 on 58 incidents. 9 bodies of the deceased were found around
the border area.

In 2023, a total of 2366 women and girls were tortured. 993 faced rape and 558 were under 18
(children) which is concerning 56% of the total amount. 192 (19%) of the women and children
were gang raped, killed after rape 43, among which 28 were children and 9 women committed
suicide after that. 706 Women and children faced sexual violence and among them 394 were
children. Demanding dowry, torture killed 73 brides, physically violated 63 and 7 committed
suicide. Family feud killed 299, injured 98 and 118 women committed suicide. 9 women have
been victims of acid violence out of which 2 have died. On the other hand, 2181 children were
violated and tortured. Among them 529 were killed and other 1652 children were injured by
physically and mentally.

HRSS is deeply concerned about the degradation of human rights condition in the country. It
urges all human rights organizations as well as common citizens to raise their voice to protect
and promote human rights in Bangladesh.

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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................................................................2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.........................................................................................................................................3
TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................................................3
LIST OF FIGURE.......................................................................................................................................................6
ACRONYMS................................................................................................................................................................7
EXTRA JUDICIAL KILLING..................................................................................................................................8
ENFORCED DISAPPEARANCE............................................................................................................................21
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN...........................................................................................................................31
ATTACK ON JOURNALISTS................................................................................................................................66
DIGITAL SECURITY ACT.....................................................................................................................................72
ATTACK ON MINORITIES...................................................................................................................................82
VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN......................................................................................................................86
BORDER KILLING..................................................................................................................................................97
POLITICAL VIOLENCE.......................................................................................................................................105
ELECTION VIOLENCE AND VOTE RIGGING...............................................................................................131
PUBLIC LYNCHING.............................................................................................................................................139
LABOUR RIGHTS..................................................................................................................................................145
INHUMAN TORTURE BY LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES...................................................................152
ROHINGYA CRISIS IN BANGLADESH............................................................................................................159
ANNUAL HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT 2022, AT A GLANCE.........................................................................167
RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................................................................................................169
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................................................172
ANNEXURE01-YEARLY STATISTICS 2022.....................................................................................................173
ANNEXURE02-PHOTO GALLARY....................................................................................................................174
REFERENCES...........................................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

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List of Figure
Figure 1: Statistics of Extra-Judicial Killing..............................................................................8
Figure 2: Monthly Comparison of Extra-Judicial Killings......................................................9
Figure 3: Actors of Extra-Judicial Killing..................................................................................9
Figure 4: Statistics of Enforced Disappearance.......................................................................21
Figure 5 : Monthly Comparison of Enforced Disappearance in 2022..................................22
Figure 6: Violence against Women...........................................................................................31
Figure 7 : Statistics of Female Victims of Rape......................................................................32
Figure 8 : Monthly Comparison of rape from January to December’22.............................33
Figure 9 : Statistics of Sexual Harassment..............................................................................40
Figure 10: Monthly Comparison of Sexual Harassment in 2022..........................................41
Figure 11 : Statistics of Dowry Related Violence.....................................................................49
Figure 12: Monthly Comparison of killed for dowry from January to December’22.........49
Figure 13: Attacks Using Acid on Women and Girls..............................................................55
Figure 14: Attack on Journalists...............................................................................................66
Figure 15: Monthly Comparison of Attacks on Journalists in 2022......................................67
Figure 16: Statistics of Arrest in Digital Security Act.............................................................72
Figure 17: Monthly comparison of Case Filed in the Digital Security Act.........................73
Figure 18: Statistics of Attacks on Minority............................................................................82
Figure 19: Statistics of Violence against Children...................................................................86
Figure 20: Monthly Comparison of Child killing from January to December’22...............87
Figure 21: Violence in Border by BSF between January and December ’22........................97
Figure 22: Monthly comparison of killing in border in 2022.................................................98
Figure 23: Statistics of Political Violence...............................................................................105
Figure 24: Monthly Comparison of Killing from January to December’22.......................106
Figure 25: Statistics of Election Violence in 2022..................................................................131
Figure 26: Monthly comparison of killing in Election Violence in 2022.............................132
Figure 27: Statistics of Public Lynching from January to December’22............................139
Figure 28: Monthly Comparison of Public Lynching...........................................................140
Figure 29: Statistics of Labour Rights Violation...................................................................145
Figure 30: Statistic of Inhuman Torture by Law enforcement Agencies............................152
Figure 31: Human Rights Situation of Bangladesh from January to December2022........167
Figure 32: Human Rights Report Yearly Comparison between 2021 and 2022.................168

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Acronyms
AL Awami League
APBn Armed Police Battalion
BCL Bangladesh Chhatra League
BFUJ Bangladesh Federal Unit of Journalist
BGB Border Guard Bangladesh
BGP Myanmar Border Guard Police
BJC Bangladesh Jatiotabadi Chhatra Dal
BNP Bangladesh Nationalist Party
BSF Indian Border Security Force
BNHRC National Human Rights Commission of Bangladesh
CAT Committee against Torture
CSW Committee on the Status of Women
CHR Committee on Human Rights
CID Criminal Investigation Department
CERD Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
CRC Committee on the Rights of the Child
CEDAW Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child
CTU Counter Terrorism Unit
CTTC Counter Terrorism an Transnational Crime Unit
DB Detective Branch
DGFI Directorate General of Forces Intelligence
DMCH Dhaka Medical College Hospital
DSA Digital Security Act
GA General Assembly
GD General Diary
HRSS Human Rights Support Society
HRC Human Rights committee
HRC Human Rights Council
ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
ICJ International Court Of Justice
JSD Jatiyatabadi Swechchhasebak Dal
JCD Jatiyatabadi Chhatra Dal
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
OC Officer- In- Charge
PTI Primary Teachers Training Institution
SR Special Rapporteur
RAB Rapid Action Battalion
RU Rajshahi University
SI Sub- Inspector
UN United Nations
UDHR Universal Declaration of Human Rights
UNHCHR United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
UP Union Parishad
UPDF United People's Democratic Front
VAW Violence against Women

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Extra Judicial Killing

Extra-judicial killings, a longstanding human rights violation in Bangladesh, denote the
unlawful termination of life by state officials or their affiliates without due legal procedures.
These acts directly contravene the fundamental right to life, eroding principles of justice and the
rule of law. Repeatedly, Bangladesh has grappled with this issue, often rationalized as
"crossfire" or "encounter" incidents, primarily targeting alleged criminals or those implicated in
illicit undertakings. Nevertheless, such occurrences lack transparency, accountability, and
adherence to due process, prompting apprehension over potential misuse of authority by law
enforcement and the absence of impartial judicial proceedings.

In 2023, Bangladesh faced ongoing concerns regarding extra-judicial killings, enforced

disappearances, and human rights violations. Security forces have been implicated in a pattern
of abuses, including arbitrary arrests, torture, and over 700 enforced disappearances since 2009.
This year, it is noticed that the killings were not only politically motivated rather persons of
working classes were also targeted. Death in custody, crossfire/ gun fights and shot to death
were mentionable methods this time. Despite international scrutiny and calls for accountability,
the government's response has been inadequate, with reports of suppression of dissent and lack
of progress in addressing systemic issues. The UN Human Rights Council's Universal Periodic
Review has highlighted these violations, emphasizing the need for transparency, accountability,
and respect for human rights. Continued pressure and monitoring are essential to address these
grave abuses and ensure the safety and rights of all individuals in Bangladesh. An overview of
the extra judicial killing have been discussed and analyzed below:

Killed by Law Enforcement Agencies

8 7

14

Crossfire Shot to Death Torture to Death Custodial Death

Figure 1: Statistics of Extra-Judicial Killing

The pie chart illustrates the distribution of extrajudicial killings carried out by law enforcement
agencies in 2023. It shows that the highest number of victims were shot to death, accounting for
14 cases. This is followed by 8 cases of custodial death, 7 cases of crossfire, and 7 cases of
torture to death. The significant number of shootings indicates a prevalent use of lethal force by

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law enforcement. The occurrence of custodial deaths highlights serious concerns about the
treatment of detainees. The data suggests that extrajudicial killings are a multifaceted issue
involving various methods of lethal force, raising critical concerns about the conduct and
accountability of law enforcement agencies in Bangladesh.

Monthly Comparison of Extrajudicial Killings

8
7

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3
2 2 2 2

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Figure 2: Monthly Comparison of Extra-Judicial Killings

The line chart presents a month-by-month comparison of extrajudicial killings in 2023. The data
shows significant fluctuations throughout the year, with peaks in April (7 killings) and October
(8 killings), indicating periods of intensified activity. The months of January, February, and
September reported no extrajudicial killings. There were consistent, though lower, numbers in
other months, with 2 killings each in May, June, July, and August. The downward trend in
September followed by a sharp increase in October suggests possible external factors
influencing these occurrences, such as changes political climate due to upcoming national
elections and protests of the opposition parties. The data indicates that extrajudicial killings are
not uniformly distributed throughout the year but are subject to sporadic surges.
Actors of Extrajudicial Killings

Ansar 1

BGB 3

DB 3

Police 26

RAB 3

Figure 3: Actors of Extra-Judicial Killing

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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

The bar chart shows the involvement of different law enforcement agencies in extrajudicial
killings. The police are implicated in the majority of cases, with 26 incidents, far surpassing
other agencies. The Rapid Action Battalion (RAB), Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB), and
Detective Branch (DB) each accounted for 3 cases, while Ansar was involved in 1 case. The
disproportionate number of killings attributed to the police suggests a systemic issue within this
particular agency. It highlights the need for stringent oversight and reforms within the police
force to address and mitigate instances of extrajudicial killings. The involvement of multiple
agencies, albeit to a lesser extent, indicates that this issue spans various branches of law
enforcement in Bangladesh.

Some of the cases of extra-judicial killings are detailed:

Death by alleged Torture

Photo: Late Sultanah Jasmin

On March 24th, a tragic death of Sultanah Jasmin (45), an office assistant from Nawabganj,
under suspicious circumstances has sparked significant concern regarding human rights
violations. Sultanah was detained by the Rapid Action Battalion (RAB) on allegations of
financial misconduct, and she subsequently passed away at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital.
The family claims Sultanah suffered torture during custody, casting a spotlight on the treatment
of detainees. In contrast, RAB contends she fell critically ill independently.

This incident prompts questions about the methods employed during detentions and the need for
a thorough investigation into the circumstances leading to Sultanah's death. The case
underscores the importance of upholding human rights standards in law enforcement practices
and ensuring accountability for any potential misconduct. The community and human rights
advocates are calling for transparency and justice in this concerning situation.1

1
https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/b3g0wjnql1

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Photo- Late Alal Uddin (Source- The Daily Star)

On June 16, 2023, a 50-year-old man, Alal Uddin, died in police custody while undergoing
treatment at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases. His family claims he was healthy
when picked up by detectives on June 6 and died from torture. However, the police state they
arrested him on June 10, citing pre-existing leg problems. The Deputy Commissioner of Dhaka
Metropolitan Police mentioned that Alal was taken to the National Institute of Traumatology
and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation (NITOR) based on a court order and later moved to NICVD
when his blood pressure rose. Alal was detained in connection with a woman's murder on June
6, and his body reportedly showed injury marks on the right arm and leg. The death certificate
indicates admission to NITOR with injuries to the right ankle, and the body has been sent for
autopsy at Dhaka Medical College morgue.2

Photo- Mourning family members of Nurul Islam (source- Naya Diganta)

2
The Daily Star, “Man Dies in Police Custody | The Daily Star,” January 18, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/man-dies-police-custody-3348881.

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On November 6, 2023, in Narayanganj's Sonargaon, allegations have surfaced against two

police officers for torturing and killing a poultry trader while attempting to arrest him. The
incident occurred on November 6 afternoon in the Burumdi village of Jamalpur Union. The
victim, identified as Nurul Islam, was declared dead upon arrival at a health complex. Assistant
Sub-Inspector (ASI) Elias Ahmed and a constable were accused of detaining the victim in a
room for five hours, after which they were relieved by additional police officers. The victim's
body was sent to Narayanganj General Hospital for autopsy. The incident has sparked outrage in
the community, with family members alleging police brutality and extortion. 3

Crossfire/Gunfight
On May 15th, a deadly encounter took place in the Ukhia Rohingya camp in Cox's Bazar,
resulting in the death of a militant and the arrest of two Arsa members. The incident occurred
during a police operation at Camp 17, where gunfire was exchanged, leading to the death of one
Arsa member. Two individuals, Mamun Rashid and Abdul Rahman, were apprehended, and
locally-made firearms were seized. The identity of the deceased is yet to be determined, and
legal measures are underway.4

On August 2, 2023, in Cox's Bazar, a young man named Sajedul Hasan, also known as Munna,
was killed in a police encounter in the Harbang area of Baraitali Union. The deceased Sajedul
Hasan Munna (33) is the son of Main Uddin of Qurbania Ghona area of Harbang Union of
Chakaria Upazila. The incident involved a gun battle, resulting in the seizure of a locally made
firearm, two bullets, and a motorcycle. The police claim that Sajedul Hasan was involved in a
drug-related case and had been accused in a previous assault case. The confrontation occurred
when a Counter Narcotics Battalion (CNB) patrol car was obstructed by six individuals on two
motorcycles. The police retaliated, leading to the death of one person at the scene. The
deceased's body was sent for a post-mortem examination. The police suspect the individuals on
motorcycles to be robbers, and at least 10 to 12 bullets were exchanged during the encounter.
Despite his involvement in criminal cases, there were no robbery charges against the deceased. 5

Shot to Death

3
Daily Naya Diganta, “সোনারগাঁওয়ে পুলিশি নির্যাতনে পোল্ট্রি ব্যবসায়ীকে হত্যার অভিযোগ,”
December 28, 2023, https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/dhaka/789566/সো.
4
https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/05/15/1280262

5
Daily Ittefaq, “পুলিশের গাড়ি আটকে ‌‘গোলাগুলি’, ধর্ষণ মামলার আসামি নিহত,” August 3, 2023,
https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/654365/পুলিশের-গাড়ি-আটকে-‌‘গোলাগুলি’-ধর্ষণ-মামলার-আসামি.

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Wife mourns death of husband Abul Kashem in Sonargaon, Narayanganj (Photo: Daily Star)

On March 18, a sixty-six-year-old man named Abul Kashem was killed by RAB with gunfire at
Sonargaon in Narayanganj. Another person named Humayun Kabir (50) war injured. Rapid
Action Battalion (RAB) arrested 5 family members in connection with an clash leading to the
death of an elderly person. The operation, conducted by RAB-11's Warrant Officer Nasir Uddin,
resulted in a total of 21 arrests. RAB handed over 5 individuals to the police after their arrest.
The incident is linked to an attempted arrest in a murder case where individuals allegedly
attacked RAB with weapons, prompting self-defense gunfire. RAB claims that the operation
aimed to apprehend the suspects who attacked them during an attempt to arrest a murder
suspect.6

On April 14th, in Sarail upazila of Brahmanbaria, a clash between two groups of villagers
resulted in the death of a 22-year-old man, Faisal Mia. Locals claim that Faisal was shot dead by
the police during the confrontation. However, the police contend that Faisal died due to a crude
bomb explosion thrown by locals. The incident unfolded around 7:30 pm, stemming from a
minor accident involving a motorcycle and a three-wheeler earlier that day. Faisal, a shopkeeper
at Kalikachha Bazar, was shot while attempting to flee the clash, sustaining numerous
perforations on his chest and stomach, possibly caused by shotgun pellets. Despite the police
firing 70 shots to disperse the fighting villagers, the situation escalated, resulting in injuries to at
least 50 people, including a journalist. Faisal was rushed to Sarail Upazila Health Complex and
later to Brahmanbaria General Hospital, where he was declared dead. An autopsy will determine
the exact cause of his death. Three individuals have been arrested in connection with the clash. 7

On July 19, 2023, during the arrest of a suspect in Vijaynagar, Brahmanbaria, police gunfire
resulted in the death of the suspect Arif’s father, Ayub Nur (60). He is a resident of Dakshinpara
Gabunnimurra in the Union of the Upazila. Three others, including women and children, were
6
https://bangla.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news-462141
7
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/shopkeeper-killed-police-firing-3297666

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injured by bullets during the incident at Adamapur village, Union of the Upazila. They are
Ayub's niece, Akash Nur's wife Salma Begum (25), and another niece, Rashel Mia's son, M.
Imon (11). According to police, after the suspect's arrest, drug dealers attacked the police. In
self-defense, the police fired back, injuring ten officers. However, under the condition of
anonymity, a local Chhatra League leader told Prothom Alo that the person killed by police
gunfire was not involved in drug trafficking and had no cases against him. Ayub died on the
way to Dhaka for advanced medical treatment on Thursday morning. Tajul Islam, chairman of
the Union Parishad, told that it was an extremely regrettable incident. The person killed had no
cases or arrests against him. Cases are pending against his son.8

Photo-Late Jagir Hossain (Source- Daily Ittefaq)

On November 7, 2023, in Cox’s Bazar, BNP leader Jagir Hossen was shot dead during an attack
by a RAB (Rapid Action Battalion) patrol team in the Painashia village of Jalia Palong Union,
Ukhiya Upazila. He passed away while undergoing treatment at Chittagong Medical College
Hospital. In response, the Cox’s Bazar district BNP announced a district-wide strike. Jagir
Hossen, aged 38, was the co-organizer of the BNP in Ward 1 of Jalia Palong Union and a
resident of Painashia village. According to police and locals, the incident occurred last 5 th
November night when a RAB team went to arrest a suspect in a drug-related case. Upon their
arrival, a confrontation ensued between RAB and several BNP activists, resulting in gunfire.
RAB fired in self-defense, injuring three individuals, including Jagir Hossen. Following the
incident, 42 individuals were arrested by the Ukhiya Police Station. Cox’s Bazar district BNP
chairman Shahjahan Chowdhury and general secretary Advocate Shamim Ara announced Jagir
Hossen’s death in a press release. Ukhiya Thana’s Officer-in-Charge, Sheikh Mohammad Ali,
confirmed that Jagir Hossen was shot during the altercation and succumbed to his injuries at
Chittagong Medical College Hospital on Tuesday morning.9

Death in Custody

8
Kaler Kantho, “পুলিশের ওপর হামলা, রাবার বুলেটে আসামি নিহত!,” July 20, 2023,
https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/07/20/1300511.
9
কক্সবাজারে গুলিবিদ্ধ বিএনপি নেতার মৃত্যু, বুধবার হরতাল (kalerkantho.com)

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Photo- Late S. M. Shahidullah Aka Nurujjaman (Kaler Kantho)

On October 3, 2023, S. M. Shahidullah, a retired ACC (Anti-Corruption Commission) official
known as Nurujjaman, died in police custody at Chandgaon Police Station in Chittagong. His
family claims he was suffering from a heart condition and was taken to the police station
without being provided medication. Shahidullah, arrested on charges of extortion, threats, and
intimidation, was reportedly treated disrespectfully. He was later taken to the hospital, where he
was declared dead. The family alleges police brutality and demands justice.10

Photo- Late Habibur Rahman (Source-The Daily Star)

On October 3, 2023, Habibur Rahman, 42, joint secretary of the Bogura Advocates' Assistant
Association, died in police custody in Bogura. The Detective Branch of police picked him up,
and he was later admitted to Bogura Mohammad Ali Hospital, where he passed away
approximately two hours later. Family members allege he was taken without an arrest warrant
and tortured at the DB office.11

10
Kaler Kantho, “পুলিশ হেফাজতে দুদকের সাবেক কর্মকর্তার মৃত্যু,” October 4, 2023,
https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/10/04/1323928.
11
The Daily Star, “Lawyer’s Aide Dies in DB Custody,” October 4, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/lawyers-aide-dies-db-custody-3434276.

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Photo- Late Golam Rabbani (Source-Daily Manab Zamin)

On December 26, 2023, Police in Habiganj recovered the body of Golam Rabbani (25) from
inside Baniachong Police Station premises. Rabbani allegedly committed suicide by hanging
himself with a piece of cloth tied to a ceiling fan. The incident occurred evening. Rabbani, a
resident of Nandipara Mahalla, Baniachong Upazila Sadar, was apprehended from the main
market earlier that day.12

Photo-Late Anwar Hossain (Source-Bangla Tribune)

On December 26, 2023, Anwar Hossain (38) was found dead inside Sarishabari Police Station
premises. He was brought in for questioning following an altercation with businessman Firoz
Mia. Allegations of mistreatment during detention have arisen, prompting an investigation into
the circumstances of his death. An autopsy was conducted, and the body was subsequently
handed over to the family for burial.13

Prison Death
12
Kaler Kantho, “চুরির অভিযোগে গ্রেপ্তার যুবকের লাশ ঝুলে ছিল হাজতে,” December 27, 2023,
https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/12/27/1349476.
13
Daily Manab Zamin, “সরিষাবাড়ীতে থানা হাজতে আসামির মৃত্যু,” December 28, 2023,
https://mzamin.com/news.php?news=90363.

16
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Within the context of human rights abuses in Bangladesh, one distressing aspect that requires
immediate attention is the occurrence of prison deaths in the year 2023. The loss of lives within
the confines of prisons represents a flagrant violation of fundamental human rights and raises
significant concerns about the treatment and welfare of individuals who are incarcerated. Prison
deaths not only signify a tragic loss of life but also serve as a stark reminder of the need to
uphold and protect the rights and dignity of every individual, regardless of their legal status.
Every person, regardless of their past actions, deserves to be treated with respect, fairness, and
humanity while in detention. The occurrence of prison deaths reflects a failure to ensure the
basic rights of individuals in custody, including the right to life, health, and adequate living
conditions. In 2023, a total of 86 cases of prison deaths came into the attention on Human
Rights Support Society. Among them 35 were convicted and other 51 were trail prisoner.

Some cases are stated below-

On April 1, 2023, a woman named Najma Begum (48), incarcerated at Kashimpur Women’s
Central Jail in Gazipur, has died. Her death occurred at 10.0 am. The deceased, Najma Begum,
was the daughter of Idris Mia and the wife of Mosarraf Hossain from the Sohata Vaiyabari area
of Brahmanbaria district. She was a detainee in the jail as a suspect in a case filed at Lalbagh
Police Station in Dhaka. The jail superintendent, Obaidur Rahman, reported that Najma Begum
fell ill around 8.0 am, and she was initially given medical treatment within the jail premises.
Later, based on the advice of a doctor, she was transferred to Gazipur Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed
Medical College Hospital, where she was pronounced dead at 10.0 am by the attending
physician.14

Photo-Late Ekrarul Hossein Arshad (Source- Daily Samakal)

On June 3, 2023, Ekrarul Hossein Arshad, a 35-year-old resident of Kurigram, has died in
suspicious circumstances, with conflicting accounts from the family and authorities. He was
14
Daliy Kalerkantho, “কাশিমপুর কারাগারে নারী বন্দীর মৃত্যু,” April 1, 2023,
https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/04/01/1266920.

17
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

admitted to Kurigram General Hospital in critical condition last Saturday, and the medical staff
declared him dead. The family alleges that police assault during arrest led to his death, while the
authorities deny the allegations. Ekrarul, arrested on June 1 under Section 151 with over seven
drug-related charges, faced physical abuse during custody. The family claims that the police
demanded a significant amount of money during the arrest, and Ekrarul’s health deteriorated due
to the torture, resulting in his death. The family also reports multiple injuries on his body. The
incident occurred in Angaria village of Sadar Union in Bhurungamari Upazila, Kurigram. 15

On July 7th, 2023, Amirul Islam (34) died under mysterious circumstances in Kashimpur
Central Jail, Gazipur. Around 3.0 am, he attempted suicide and was taken to Shaheed Tajuddin
Ahmad Medical College Hospital, where he was pronounced dead. Amirul's elder brother, Noor
Gani Kamal Hossain, claims the incident is mysterious. His family recently hired a lawyer to
discuss bail. Kamal Hossain expressed doubts about the suicide, noting Amirul's apparent well-
being after Eid and questioning the prison authorities' claims.16

Photo- Late Abul Bashar(Source- Prothom Alo)

On August 21, 2023, Abul Bashar, a prominent leader of Dhaka South BNP's Western Unit 19,
has passed away. He was brought to Dhaka Medical College Hospital in critical condition and
was declared dead due to a stroke. Abul Bashar, aged 36, was arrested on July 26 and had been
in Keraniganj Central Jail since then. His family is unaware of the circumstances leading to his
illness and hospitalization. The exact cause of his death is under investigation, and the body has

15
The Daily Samakal, “কুড়িগ্রামে কারাবন্দির মৃত্যু, নির্যাতনের অভিযোগ পরিবারের,” June 4,
2023, https://samakal.com/whole-country/article/2306176357/কু.
16
The Daily Jugantor, “কারাগারে মৃত্যুদণ্ডপ্রাপ্ত কয়েদির মৃত্যু নিয়ে প্রশ্ন, তদন্ত কমিটি
গঠন,” July 10, 2023, https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/694452.

18
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

been kept for autopsy. Abul Bashar, a tea vendor, and active BNP politician lived in Malibagh
with his wife and two children.17

Photo- Late Golapur Rahman (Source-Daily Star)

On November 24, 2023, Golapur Rahman, 63, the vice president of Mohora ward BNP in
Chattogram, passed away at Kashimpur High Security Central Jail in Gazipur. He fell ill
complaining of chest pains and was taken to the prison hospital, where he died while undergoing
treatment. Golapur had been receiving treatment at the prison hospital since November 23 and
was brought to Kashimpur prison from Dhaka Central Jail on November 2. Golapur, along with
other BNP leaders, was arrested in Dhaka on October 27 and was in jail since then. His son,
Mizanur Rahman, expressed shock, stating that his father was in good health when he last
visited him on November 4.18

Photo- Late Asadujjaman Khan Hira (Source-Kaler Kantho)

On December 1, 2023, a leader of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) has passed away in a
hospital while receiving treatment in a critical condition after falling ill at the Kashimpur
Central Jail in Gazipur. The deceased, Asadujjaman Khan Hira (45), was the general secretary

17
Daily Prothom Alo, “ঢাকায় কারা হেফাজতে বিএনপি নেতার মৃত্যু নিয়ে পরিবারের প্রশ্ন,”
August 21, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/jpwy8tcoyo.
18
Daily Star, “Ctg BNP Leader Dies in Kashimpur Jail,” December 25, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/politics/news/ctg-bnp-leader-dies-kashimpur-jail-3478751.

19
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

of Ward No. 6 of Kaoraid Union in Shripur Upazila of Gazipur. Deputy Jailor of Kashimpur
Central Jail-2, Swapan Kumar Ghosh, confirmed the information.19

Enforced Disappearance

19
Kaler Kantho, “কারাগারে অসুস্থ, হাসপাতালে বিএনপি নেতার মৃত্যু,” December 1, 2023,
https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/12/01/1341528.

20
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Enforced disappearance, a grave human rights violation, remains a persistent issue in

Bangladesh. This act involves the arrest, detention, or abduction of individuals by state officials
or groups with state support, followed by a denial of their whereabouts or fate. Used to suppress
dissent and instill fear, enforced disappearance fosters a culture of impunity in Bangladesh.
Originating during the 1971 war of independence, this practice continues to plague the nation,
leaving families of victims in limbo regarding their loved ones’ status. This violence stifles free
speech and activism, fostering an atmosphere of fear. Bangladesh’s non-signatory status to the
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance hinders
accountability. Despite this, the UN Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances
has documented numerous cases in Bangladesh, highlighting the urgent need for action to
address this ongoing human rights crisis.

In 2023, Bangladesh faced a grave situation with over 700 enforced disappearances since 2009,
implicating security forces in human rights violations. Families of victims struggled to seek
justice amidst a climate of fear and impunity, exacerbated by authorities’ reluctance to address
the issue transparently. Reports highlighted mass arbitrary arrests, torture, and extrajudicial
killings, creating a challenging environment for dissent and activism. The government’s
inadequate response and denial of enforced disappearances have drawn international criticism,
emphasizing the urgent need for accountability and respect for human rights. Human rights
organizations have called for independent investigations and mechanisms to address these
abuses, stressing the importance of transparency and cooperation with international bodies to
ensure justice and protection for all individuals in Bangladesh.

Statistics of Enforced Disappearance

Still Missing
4%

Released
24%

Shown Arrest
72%

Shown Arrest Released Still Missing

Figure 4: Statistics of Enforced Disappearance

The statistics on enforced disappearances in Bangladesh during 2023 reveal a troubling pattern
of human rights abuses. According to the pie chart, out of 50 reported cases, 36 (72%)
individuals were shown as arrested, 12 (24%) returned home, and 2 (4%) remain unaccounted

21
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

for. This highlights significant concerns regarding the transparency and accountability of law
enforcement agencies.

Monthly Enforced Disappearance

14

6 6 6

3
2 2
1 1 1
0
y

ry

r
ly

r
ch

ay

r
st
ne
ril

be
be

be
be
ar

Ju

gu
ua

Ap
ar

Ju
nu

to
m

m
Au
br

ve
Oc

ce
Ja

Fe

pt

No

De
Se

Lines showing monthly statistics of ED

Figure 5 : Monthly Comparison of Enforced Disappearance in 2023.

Monthly data indicate notable fluctuations, with a sharp increase in disappearances during
October, Novembor and December, showing 6, 14 and 6 cases, respectively. This surge
coincided with significant political unrest, particularly in late October. The Bangladesh
Nationalist Party (BNP) staged major protests in Dhaka, demanding government resignation and
the release of its leaders. The government’s harsh crackdown on these largely peaceful protests,
including detaining senior opposition figures, likely contributed to the spike in enforced
disappearances during this period. This political turmoil underscores the need for urgent reforms
to safeguard human rights in Bangladesh

Selected cases are stated below:

22
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Photo- Mahmudul Hasan (Source- The Daily Star)

Since January 10, 2023, Mahmudul Hasan, a book vendor in Dhaka, has been missing for the
past five days after leaving his shop to deliver books to a customer's home. Mahmudul, a 28-
year-old owner of a bookstore in Jatrabari's Madrasa Market, used to sell Islamic books through
a Facebook page named "Mollar Boi Dotcom." His father filed a General Diary (GD) at the
Jatrabari Police Station when he couldn't locate Mahmudul. According to Mahmudul's younger
brother, Ahmad Hossain, unknown individuals demanded a ransom of 5 lakh taka for
Mahmudul's release, contacting their father on 13 and 14 January. The family has reported the
phone number to the police. The Jatrabari police operations inspector, Jakir Hossen, mentioned
that they are working on the case, but Mahmudul has not been found yet. 20 He was released by
LEAs after 8 days confirmed Mahmudul Hasan himself.21

Photo-Abul Hasan Rajon (Source-Prothom News)

On January 30, 2023, Abul Hossain Rajon, a lawyer missing for seven days, has been arrested
by Hatirjheel Police in Dhaka in connection with an old case. His family said that he was picked
up in front of Moghbazar Ad-Deen Hospital in the identity of the law and order forces on
January 22. Meanwhile, Rajon’s family alleges physical torture on him during the seven days he
20
The Daily Star, “৫ দিনেও খোঁজ মেলেনি যাত্রাবাড়ীর বই বিক্রেতা মাহমুদুলের | Daily Star,”
January 15, 2023, https://bangla.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news-440566.
21
HRSS Investigation Desk

23
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

was in custody. Rajon’s wife, Shamima Sultana, claims that her husband, a human rights lawyer,
was not involved in any criminal activities outside his professional work. She also accuses the
police of assaulting Rajon during the custody period. The case against Rajon involves
allegations of creating unrest during an unauthorized gathering in the Hatirjheel area on
December 31. Rajon’s lawyer, Asad bin Abdul Qadir, mentions that Rajon has been physically
tortured and demands a proper medical examination and treatment. The court will decide on the
remand request on February 6.22

Photo- Mominul Islam and Saiful Islam (Source- Prothom Alo)

On January 31, 2023, a suspected raid by individuals claiming to be Detective Branch officials
occurred at a printing press in Fakirapool, resulting in the disappearance of the owner, Mominul
Islam, and the detention of the designer, Saiful Islam. The incident took place at Herar Jyoti
Design and Printing. Eyewitnesses reported that men in civilian dress, alleging to be from the
DB, interrogated and picked up Saiful, confiscating the press’s computer. Mominul, the owner,
is currently untraceable, and his mobile phone is switched off. Family members sought
information from police stations but received no leads. The Deputy Commissioner of DB
(Motijheel Division) denied involvement in any such raid or detention. 23 They were shown
arrested after 2 days confirmed their families.24

22
Prothom News, “নিখোঁজ থাকা আইনজীবীকে পুরনো মামলায় গ্রেপ্তার দেখিয়েছে পুলিশ - Prothom
News,” December 31, 2023, https://prothom.news/নখজ-থক-আইনজবক-পরন-মমলয়-গরপতর-দখয়ছ-পলশ.
23
The Daily Star, “Printing Press Staffer ‘Picked up’, Owner Goes Missing | The Daily Star,” February 2, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/printing-press-staffer-picked-owner-goes-missing-3236861.
24
HRSS Investigation Desk

24
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Photo- Two wives of Selim Hossaen being emotional at the press conference (Source-Daily
Jugantar)

On February 7, 2023, in Jashore, two wives of a local doctor, Selim Hossen, have appealed for
help, alleging that he was taken away by armed individuals claiming to be law enforcement.
During a press conference on 7 February at Jashore Press Club, the wives, Aljia Khatun and
Najma Khatun, explained that on February 2nd around 7.0 pm, armed individuals took Selim
Hossen from his chamber at Rina Medical in Khadki Bazar, Gazi Bazar, Jashore. Following the
incident, the family lodged a complaint with Jashore Kotwali Police Station and sought help
from various law enforcement agencies, including the Rapid Action Battalion (RAB) and Police
Bureau of Investigation (PBI). However, they have not been able to locate Selim Hossen yet.
Selim Hossen, a 45-year-old physician, had been practicing regularly in Jashore. The family
emphasized that both families are dependent on Selim Hossen's income, and his absence has left
them in dire straits. They appealed to the administration and the government for assistance in
finding him. Jashore District Police's Superintendent, Belal Hossain, stated that they are aware
of the complaint and are currently investigating the matter. Additional Police Superintendent
(Crime and Apps), Belal Hossain, mentioned that the police have received the complaint, and an
investigation is underway. 25 He was shown arrested after 17 days confirmed his family.26

On February 25, 2023, a few individuals wearing white clothes arrived in a white vehicle at
Tarapur field in Savar at night around 8.0 pm, and took away three garment workers – Tushar
Mia (20), Rasel Mia (19), and Swapan Mia (20) – introducing themselves as DB police. The
incident came to light when the elder brother of Swapan Mia, Hakim Mia, went to the DB office
in Savar on the same night, concerned about their disappearance. However, the DB office denied
any involvement in such an incident, stating that they didn’t bring anyone in this manner. After
being picked up, they were found at the DB office on Mintu Road in Dhaka. The families were
informed that the three were picked up in connection with a case, but after investigation, no
evidence was found, leading to their release. The individuals were handed over to their families

25
Daily Jugantor, “পল্লি চিকিৎসককে তুলে নেওয়ার অভিযোগ,” February 8, 2023,
https://www.jugantor.com/todays-paper/news/642918/প.
26
HRSS Investigation Desk

25
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

early 27 February morning. The DB office in Dhaka has not provided an official statement on
the matter.27

Photo-Mehedi Hasan and Jamal Uddin (Source-The Daily Star)

On February 26, 2023, two youths, Mehedi alias Mehedi Hasan, 27, from Hatibandha upazila,
and Jamal Uddin, 32, from Kaliganj upazila, who were acquitted in a militancy case, have
returned home after being picked up by masked individuals from Jail Gate area in Lalmonirhat
on February 21. The families claimed that law enforcement took them to Dhaka for
interrogation. Law enforcers handed them over to their families in Dhaka on Friday night. Jamal
is pursuing a master’s degree in Dhaka, while Mehedi is studying at a madrasa in Lalmonirhat.
The court had acquitted them, along with two others, in a 2017 case related to alleged
involvement with the banned militant organization JMB. Two other youths from the case were
sentenced to 42 years in jail. The circumstances of their abduction and rescue remain unclear. 28

Photo- Salauddin Ahmed Shamim Sarkar (Source- Daily Jugantar)

On May 22, 2023, Rajshahi District Chhatra Dal Joint General Secretary Salahuddin Ahmed
Shamim Sarkar was picked up by white-clothed law and order forces from Dhaka. Senior BNP
official, Advocate Ruhul Kabir Rezbi, accuses law enforcement of unlawfully detaining
Salauddin Ahmed Shamim Sarkar. Shamim Sarkar was reportedly taken into custody upon his
arrival from Dhaka to Rajshahi, with his whereabouts undisclosed, causing distress to his

27
The Daily Star, “‘তুলে নেওয়া’ ৩ পোশাক শ্রমিককে পাওয়া গেল ঢাকার ডিবি কার্যালয়ে | Star,”
February 27, 2023, https://bangla.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news-455231.
28
The Daily Star, “Two Youths Who Were Picked up Return Home | The Daily Star,” February 26, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/two-youths-who-were-picked-return-home-3257401.

26
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

family. Rezbi condemns the arbitrary detention, highlighting concerns about government use of
law enforcement agencies for intimidation. The statement calls attention to a pattern of fear
instilled by powerful groups, including RAB, police, and Awami League cadres. 29 He was
shown arrested after 7 days confirmed his organization.30

On June 01, 2023, a former Bangladesh Chhatra League leader, Abu Shamim, had been missing
since June 1, with his family claiming that his phone was accessed near the Detective Branch
office in Minto Road. The family believed that the Detective Branch (DB) was behind his
'abduction' and 'unauthorized confinement.' Abu Shamim's brother filed a missing complaint,
stating that evidence suggests his last location was near the DB office. The DB's additional
commissioner denied any knowledge of his arrest. The family tracked Abu Shamim's motorbike,
revealing it was last located after crossing Mohakhali at 2:53 am. His iPhone was accessed near
Minto Road at 7:30 pm on June 1. No ransom has been demanded. The family found Abu
Shamim leaving Lubaba Hospital at 1:24 am, followed by a man in a black shirt. The case added
to the concerning trend of disappearances in Bangladesh, with 623 reported cases between
January 2009 and June 2022, as per the Asian Human Rights Commission's statement to the UN
Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances in September 2022. 31 He was
shown arrested after 26 days confirmed his family.32

On May 1, 2023, a complaint filed by Imdadul Haque Imon alleges that on April 30 around
6:30pm, Ikramul Haque Milan, 28, his wife Dewan Faria Afrin Anika, 21, and their six-month-
old son were forcibly disappeared while traveling on a rickshaw from Borochar to Sankipara in
Mymensingh. Witnesses reported that a Toyota Hiace van, bearing a police sticker, intercepted
them near Noyonmoni market. Two men and a woman in white clothing forced them into the
van, after which their phones were switched off. Though their bags were found at the scene,
Ikramul's laptop was missing. Despite attempts by their family to file a general diary with the
police, they were unsuccessful. On May 31, after one month of the incident, the trio was
produced before a Dhaka court, accused of being members of the banned militant outfit Ansar-
al-Islam. Ikramul was remanded for three days, while Anika and her baby were sent to prison.
Anika managed to inform her family of their whereabouts when her baby's feeding bottle broke.
Ikramul's father applied to the court for custody of the baby, which was granted. However, SM
Nazmul Haque, deputy commissioner of the Counter Terrorism and Transnational Crime
(CTTC) unit of Dhaka Metropolitan Police, denied allegations of enforced disappearance. Police
claimed to have arrested the couple during a "secret recruitment meeting" of Ansar-al-Islam in
Sabujbagh, Dhaka, though the presence of their baby was not mentioned in the case statement. 33

29
Daily Jugantor, “ছাত্রদল নেতা শামীমকে তুলে নেওয়ার অভিযোগ,” May 24, 2023,
https://www.jugantor.com/politics/678255/ছা.
30
HRSS Investigation Desk
31
New Age, “New Age | Ex-BCL Leader Missing, Family Blames DB,” June 22, 2023,
https://www.newagebd.net/article/204904/ex-bcl-leader-missing-family-blames-db.
32
HRSS Investigation Desk
33
The Daily Star, “Couple, Baby ‘Forcibly Disappeared’ | The Daily Star,” July 4, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/couple-baby-forcibly-disappeared-3360251.

27
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

On September 18, 2023, a 24-year-old man named Jihad Hossain was allegedly picked up by
10-12 men claiming to be from the Detective Branch (DB) of the police in Jashore. The incident
occurred around 2:00 am when Jihad was awakened by men yelling his name outside his home.
They identified themselves as DB members, mentioned a complaint against Jihad, and forcibly
took him away in a white microbus. Jihad's father filed a complaint with the police. However,
Jashore DB Police Sub-Inspector Mofizul Islam denied detaining anyone named Jihad and
stated that they were investigating the filed complaint.34

Photo- Muhammad Rahamatullah (The Daily Star)

Muhammad Rahamatullah, a 20-year-old electrician from Dhamrai, has been missing since
August 29, allegedly taken by a group claiming to be RAB personnel. The men, numbering 25-
30 and some wearing clothes resembling RAB uniforms, picked up Rahamatullah in a Toyota
HiAce microbus and a pickup, stating they would interrogate him. The family's attempts to
locate him, including visits to RAB camps and police stations, have been unsuccessful. Despite
filing a general diary, the police allegedly refused to record it promptly and compelled
Rahamatullah's mother to understate the number of men involved. The officer-in-charge of
Dhamrai Police Station denied the allegations. The family remains unaware of Rahamatullah's
whereabouts, and RAB-4 denies involvement in his detention. The motive behind
Rahamatullah's detainment remains unclear.35

34
The Daily Star, “Mason Picked up by ‘Plainclothes’ Men | The Daily Star,” September 19, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/mason-picked-plainclothes-men-3422206.
35
The Daily Star, “Man Missing for 39 Days | The Daily Star,” October 8, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/man-missing-39-days-3437286.

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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Photo- Nurujjaman Haoladar (Source- Prothom Alo)

On October 13, 2023, a 40-year-old employee of a private institution, Nurujjaman Haoladar,
also known as Sohel, picked up from his workplace. After days of searching, the family learned
that he had been arrested by the Detective Branch (DB) of Dhaka Metropolitan Police.
Nurujjaman worked as a medical technologist at Ibn Sina D-Lab in Dhanmondi 9/A. The family
alleges that he was taken away by several individuals claiming to be from the DB. Nurujjaman's
wife, Deepa Akhtar, claims that after the arrest, they faced denial and misinformation from
concerned authorities. The DB reportedly arrested Nurujjaman after 6 days in connection with a
vandalism case in Uttara West police station. On 19 October, the court denied remand and sent
him to jail after the hearing. 36

On November 10, 2023, The Bangladesh National Party (BNP) alleged that at least six of its
activists remain missing after being picked up by police in Dhaka and Cox’s Bazar. Most of the
missing activists were associated with BNP’s youth and student wings and hold leadership
positions. The untraced activists were Khaligaon thana unit Juba Dal’s former joint secretary
Monir Hossain, Government Titumir College JCD leaders Mahmudul Hasan Rafiq and Saiful
Islam, Cox’s Bazar Swechchhasebak Dal unit joint-secretary Soliman Badsha, his brother Selim
and Chakaria upazila Juba Dal secretary Zakaria, said BNP senior joint secretary general Ruhul
Kabir Rizvi.37 All activists were shown arrested after at least 6 days confirmed their
organization.38

On November 24, 2023, Awami League leader AKM Kamruzzaman Khan Ujjal was picked up
from his home on Central Road in Dhaka and sent him to DB custody. He has not been arrested
in any case till November 27 night or not released from DB custody even after three days. Joint
general secretary of Pabna district Awami League Ujjal was the candidate of Awami League for
Pabna-2 seat. Ujjal's wife Dr. Mishu told Yugantar that DB asked for my and Ujjal's bank
statements and tax documents. I went to the DB office in the afternoon and submitted all the
documents. However, the DB did not clarify why he was detained. Pabna Sujanagar Upazila
Awami League President Abdul Wahab told that he has bought bright nomination papers to

36
The Daily Prothom Alo, “নিখোঁজ হওয়ার ছয় দিন পর জানা গেল নুরুজ্জামান ডিবির হাতে
গ্রেপ্তার | প্রথম আলো,” October 19, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/crime/2dzu1c5b1t.
37
New Age, “New Age | Six Activists Still Untraced after Detention: BNP,” accessed August 17, 2024,
https://www.newagebd.net/article/217277/six-activists-still-untraced-after-detention-bnp.
38
HRSS Investigation Desk.

29
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

contest in Pabna-2 seat. Political opponents may have used DBK to attack him. 39 He was
released after 4 days confirmed his family.40

Photo-Anwar Hossain and Delwar Hossain (Source- Prothom Alo)

On December 14, 2023, family members had accused law enforcement agencies of abducting
two Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) leaders in Kahalu Upazila, Bogura. Anwar Hossain,
also known as Hridoy, and Delwar Hossain had been missing since December 14, prompting
their relatives to file a general diary (GD) at the local police station. Despite denials from
various law enforcement departments, there was no information regarding their arrest. Anwar
was a BNP assistant office secretary, and Delwar was a BNP leader in the Birakedar Union.
Concerns had been raised about their safety and the impact on their families. Efforts to locate
them had been fruitless, with family members expressing frustration over the lack of progress in
the investigation.41 They were released after 14 days confirmed their organization.42

Violence against Women

39
তিন দিনেও ছাড়া পাননি আ.লীগ নেতা উজ্জ্বল (jugantor.com)
40
HRSS Investigation Desk
41
Daily Prothom Alo, “বগুড়ায় আইনশৃঙ্খলা বাহিনীর পরিচয়ে তুলে নেওয়া দুই নেতাকে খুঁজছে
পরিবার | প্রথম আলো,” December , https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/bin22djylo.
42
HRSS Investigation Desk.

30
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Violence against women constitutes a severe infringement of human rights and stands as a
critical global public health concern. It transcends boundaries of age, ethnicity, and social status,
manifesting in various forms like physical, sexual, and psychological abuse. In Bangladesh, this
issue remains alarmingly widespread, posing a substantial challenge to human rights efforts. The
global community has underscored the urgency of eradicating such violence, as evidenced by
key international instruments like the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action.
These instruments mandate state action to combat all forms of violence against women,
necessitating legislative reforms, preventive strategies, and accessible avenues for justice.
Despite Bangladesh’s strides in enacting laws and policies, including the Domestic Violence
(Prevention and Protection) Act 2010 and the National Action Plan to Prevent Violence against
Women and Children 2013-2025, effective implementation remains a formidable obstacle.

In 2023, Bangladesh faced a significant issue of violence against women, with 191 cases
reported in November alone. This included 36 rapes, 45 murders, 15 suicides, and 20 mysterious
deaths. Factors contributing to this problem include societal norms, weak law enforcement,
lengthy legal processes, and a culture of impunity for perpetrators. Discriminatory laws further
exacerbate the situation. Beyond severe forms like rape and murder, women also experience
kidnapping, trafficking, cyberbullying, and online harassment. Addressing this issue requires
comprehensive strategies, including legal reforms, societal changes, and gender-sensitive
policies. Investments in infrastructure, institutional capacity, victim support services, and gender
budgeting are crucial to combat gender-based violence effectively and ensure the safety of
women and girls in Bangladesh.

1000
993
Violence Against Women
900
800
700 Rape
558
600 Child Rape
459 Sexual Harassment
500 Killed for Dowry
400 299 Killed in Family Feud
Acid Throwing
300
200
73
100 8

0
1

Figure 6: Violence against Women

The statistics on violence against women in Bangladesh in 2023 are deeply concerning,
highlighting a range of abuses. The most prevalent form of violence is rape, with 993 reported
cases, followed by child rape with 558 cases. Sexual harassment accounts for 459 cases, while

31
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

299 women were killed in family feuds, and 73 women were killed over dowry-related issues.
Acid throwing, though less common, still affected 8 women. These figures underscore the
pervasive and varied nature of violence against women in Bangladesh, necessitating
comprehensive legal and social interventions to address these human rights violations.The most
common manifestations of violence against women in Bangladesh in 2023 are detailed below:

Rape
Rape is one of the most heinous crimes that can be committed against a person. It is a serious
violation of human rights and dignity, and it can have long-lasting physical, psychological, and
emotional effects on the victim. Unfortunately, rape continues to be a pervasive problem in
Bangladesh, and the situation seems to be getting worse. According to recent reports, the
number of rape cases in Bangladesh has been increasing over the years. In 2023 alone, there
were a significant number of reported cases of rape, including gang rape and child rape. These
cases highlight the urgent need for Bangladesh to address the root causes of this problem and
take measures to protect its citizens from such heinous crimes. The rise in rape cases can be
attributed to various factors, including a lack of proper implementation of laws, weak law
enforcement, social stigma, and patriarchal attitudes that perpetuate gender-based violence.The
situation is particularly alarming for women and girls, who are disproportionately affected by
rape and other forms of gender-based violence. Women in Bangladesh face significant barriers
in accessing justice and support services, as they often face social and cultural stigma when
reporting such crimes.

Rape statistics
993
1000
900 801
Total Rape
800 Child Rape
700 Gang Rape
558 Single Rape
600 Attempt to rape
500 Killed after Rape
Suicide for rape
400
247
300 192
200
43
100 9
0

Figure 7 : Statistics of Female Victims of Rape

The bar chart illustrating the rape statistics in Bangladesh for 2023 provides a stark depiction of
the prevalence and nature of sexual violence against women. The total number of reported rape
cases stands at 993, a staggering figure that highlights the gravity of this human rights issue. Of
these, 558 (56%) were cases involving child rape, underscoring the vulnerability of minors to

32
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

sexual violence. Gang rape cases accounted for 192 (19%) incidents, revealing a significant
number of rapes involving multiple perpetrators. Single perpetrator rapes were recorded at 801,
indicating that a majority of the rape cases involved a single assailant. The chart also indicates
247 attempts to rape, which, while not resulting in completed acts, still represent severe
violations of personal safety and human rights. Additionally, 43 victims were killed following
rape, and 9 women committed suicide due to the trauma, further highlighting the severe
consequences of these crimes. These statistics collectively underscore the urgent need for
comprehensive measures to combat rape and provide support to victims in Bangladesh.

Monthly Rape Statistics

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
ly
ay
ch
y

ne
ril
ry

st

r
r

be

be

be
be
ar

Ju

gu
Ap
ua

M
ar

Ju
nu

to

m
em
M

Au
br

Oc

ve

ce
Ja

Fe

pt

No

De
Se

Series 1

Figure 8 : Monthly Comparison of rape from January to December’23

The data on reported rape cases in Bangladesh for 2023 reveals notable monthly fluctuations.
The highest number of cases was recorded in May, with 121 incidents, followed closely by
March with 112 and September with 106. These peaks suggest a potential seasonal or
situational influence during these months, possibly due to increased vulnerability or other
social factors.

Conversely, November and December saw the lowest counts, with 42 and 51 cases respectively,
indicating a decline towards the end of the year. The monthly average is roughly 85 cases, with
figures often fluctuating above and below this average.

33
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Reported Rape Cases are stated below:

Photo: Protest for justice for deceased Lamiya (Source: Janakantha)

On January 7, 2023, in Char Anda, Rangabali Upazila, Patuakhali, a 12-year-old girl named
Lamiya Akhtar was allegedly raped and murdered. The suspect, a local autorickshaw driver
named Al-Amin (35), has been arrested by the police. Lamiya, who discontinued her education
after completing primary school in 2020, went to Sagarpara Bazar to buy goods on Friday
evening. She was last seen near a pond close to her residence wearing a single shoe. Local
residents started suspecting Al-Amin when he was found to be absent after the incident. The
police arrested Al-Amin on Saturday night, and he confessed to raping and then murdering
Lamiya before disposing of her body in the river. The community demands strict punishment for
the accused.43

On January 8, 2023, Abdus Salam (46), a former Vice President of Nandigram Upazila Jubo
League, has been arrested by local residents in Bogra’s Nandigram upazila for allegedly raping
an eighth-grade student. The incident occurred when Salam called the girl to an empty house,
leading to his arrest by locals who informed the police. A case has been filed under the Women
and Child Abuse Prevention Act, and Salam was sent to jail following his arrest.44

On February 12, 2023, a female victim, aged 33, has filed a rape complaint against a police
officer in Faridpur. The incident led the Women and Children Repression Prevention Tribunal-
5’s judge, Mr. Hafizur Rahman, to direct the Officer-in-Charge (OC) of Bhanga Police Station
to take action. The accused police officer, identified as Sajal Mahmud (40), serves as an
Assistant Sub-Inspector (ASI) at Bhanga Police Station. According to the written complaint, the
unmarried woman faced theft charges on October 20, 2022. On October 24,2022, ASI Sajal
allegedly entered her house during the night, forcefully establishing physical contact. The victim
claimed that Sajal threatened her with murder and abduction if she disclosed the incident.
Subsequently, she became pregnant, and on January 30, she was taken to a medical center in
Bhanga Bazar, where certain documents were signed under duress. The victim reported the

Daily Janakantha, “শিশুকে ধর্ষণের পর হত্যা করে ভাসিয়ে দিল নদীতে,” January 8, 2023.
43

44
Prothom Alo, “স্কুলছাত্রীকে ধর্ষণের অভিযোগে সাবেক যুবলীগ নেতাকে পুলিশে দিল
এলাকাবাসী | প্রথম আলো,” January 9, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/rnt6un83vz.

34
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

matter to OC Sajal at Bhanga Police Station on January 31. Allegedly, Sajal, after coercing her
into signing some papers, accused her of marrying and divorcing him, leading to her expulsion
from the station. The victim’s lawyer, Manik Mojumdar, stated that the tribunal has accepted the
complaint for legal proceedings.

Photo: Arrested Aijazul Haque (Source: Prothom Alo)

On February 21, 2023, Khondakar Aijazul Haque, a former Member of Parliament from Pabna-
2, has been ordered to jail in a rape case by the Women and Children Repression Prevention
Tribunal-5 in Dhaka. The court acted on a complaint filed in April last year by a woman who
accused Haque of rape. The Police Bureau of Investigation (PBI) conducted an investigation,
and the case was officially submitted to the court on January 5 this year. The complainant
alleged that Haque, who was elected from the Awami League in 2014, had a close relationship
with her, but he denied paternity after the birth of their child. The court ordered a DNA test,
confirming Haque as the biological father. Despite Haque’s bail application, the court rejected
it, leading to his surrender and imprisonment.45

On March 9, 2023, in Laxmipur, a woman (18) has reported an incident where her husband was
allegedly restrained with chains, and she claims to have been raped by unidentified individuals.
The perpetrators also reportedly burned her right hand with a cigarette. The victim contacted the
national emergency helpline 999, prompting a police response from Sadar Model Thana in
Sylhet. The couple, who had come to Itabata in Laxmipur for work, faced the ordeal after the
husband left, and locals abducted and assaulted the woman, demanding money and proposing
physical intimacy.46

45
Prothom Alo, “ধর্ষণ মামলায় আ.লীগ দলীয় সাবেক সংসদ সদস্য কারাগারে,” February 22, 2023,
https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/xh9qnl7fwx.
46
The Daily Jugantor, “স্বামীকে শিকলে বেঁধে নির্যাতন, স্ত্রীকে গণধর্ষণের অভিযোগ,” March 9,
2023, https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/652882/স্বা.

35
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Photo: Women protesting and demanding punishment for Golam Kibria (Prothom Alo)

On April 6, 2023, a 17-year-old girl has accused Golam Kibria, an Awami League leader in
Tangail, of rape. The incident reportedly occurred recently, and the victim filed a case at Tangail
Sadar Police Station. Golam Kibria, who holds a prominent position in the local Awami League,
denies the allegations, stating that it's a politically motivated conspiracy against him. The girl
alleges that Golam Kibria, known as Boro Monir, took advantage of her vulnerability,
physically assaulted her, and captured compromising photos. The victim's statement details a
series of events involving confinement, repeated assaults, and subsequent health issues.47

Photo-Victim Child (Source- Prothom Alo)

On May 5, 2023, in Dhunat Upazila, Bogura, police recovered the body of an eight-year-old girl
near Elangi High School after a nearly 26-hour search. Suspected to be a victim of rape and
murder, the child went missing on Thursday evening. The discovery has sparked outrage in the
community, leading to investigations and efforts to apprehend the perpetrators. The child’s
father denies any enmity and seeks justice for this heinous act. 48

47
Prothom Alo, “টাঙ্গাইলে আওয়ামী লীগ নেতার বিরুদ্ধে কিশোরীকে ধর্ষণের অভিযোগে মামলা |
প্রথম আলো,” April 6, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/k6y5k9z2uf.
48
Prothom Alo, “ধুনটে ৮ বছরের শিশুকে ধর্ষণের পর শ্বাসরোধে হত্যার অভিযোগ | প্রথম আলো,”
May 5, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/48s9gd1re6.

36
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Photo- Professor Md. Shahidur Rahman Khan (Source-Prothom Alo)

On May 8, 2023, Former Vice-Chancellor Professor Md. Shahidur Rahman Khan of Khulna
Agricultural University has been sent to jail in a rape case. He surrendered to the Khulna
Women and Children Repression Tribunal-3 on Monday afternoon and applied for bail. After
the hearing, Judge Abdus Salam Khan denied bail and directed him to be sent to jail. Previously,
the same tribunal had granted bail within six weeks of filing the case. The present Registrar
(Acting) of the university, Khondakar Mazharul Anwar, was also granted bail in the same case
yesterday.49

On June 11, 2023, a woman in Tangail's Mirzapur Upazila has filed a rape complaint against
Mr. Chanowar Hossain, the General Secretary of the Tati League. The woman, a widow with a
son from her second marriage, sought justice from Mr. Chanowar due to issues with her second
husband. A year ago, she separated from her second husband, who allegedly took 80,000 taka
from her. Mr. Chanowar proposed a romantic relationship, leading to their marriage in
December. The woman claims that Chanowar, along with his partners Rubel and Nurul,
physically and verbally assaulted her. After the assault, they took her to Kumudini Hospital. The
Awami League President expressed concerns about unauthorized committees and emphasized
the need for an investigation.50

On July 4, 2023, a former Jubo League leader and his two associates were sued on July 3 rd ,2
023 in a case filed over the rape of a woman in Kulaura upazila of Moulvibazar. The accused are
Shalik Baksh, 40, former general secretary of Hajipur union unit Jubo League, and his associates
Hasanul Bari Sani, 35, and Saifur Rahman, 32. The trio was also accused of extorting Tk 50,000
from the woman after threatening to blackmail her with photos and videos of the incident.
According to the case, on Eid day, the woman visited a relative’s house in a village in the
upazila. At one point, her relative went to his shop in the market, leaving the woman at home.
Finding the woman home alone, Shalik and his two associates broke into the house and raped
the woman.51
Allegations have surfaced against Mehedi Hasan, a former counselor at the Bangladesh
Embassy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, concerning the rape of women employed as domestic
workers. Reports suggest that these women were mistreated and subjected to rape at the
49
Prothom Alo, “ধর্ষণের মামলায় খুলনা কৃষি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের সাবেক উপাচার্য কারাগারে |
প্রথম আলো,” May 8, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/jttcs3eo1h.
50
Kaler Kantho, “মির্জাপুরে তাঁতীলীগ নেতার বিরুদ্ধে ধর্ষণের অভিযোগ,” June 12, 2023,
https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/06/12/1289088.
51
The Daily Star, “Ex-Jubo League Leader Accused of Rape, Extortion,” July 4, 2023, Ex-Jubo League leader
accused of rape, extortion.

37
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

embassy's safe house. Mehedi Hasan allegedly summoned them under false pretenses, asking
inappropriate questions during interviews and engaging in various forms of harassment and
assault. Following an investigation into the allegations, Mehedi Hasan was recalled from Riyadh
to Dhaka in January 2021.52

On August 3, 2023, a woman (23) in Tangail's Sakhipur has accused six men of gang rape,
alleging that she was tied up and raped in a forest near a recreational center named Chandrhat.
The incident took place on 3rd august night. The husband of the victim filed a complaint with the
Sakhipur police station, leading to the immediate arrest of six suspects. The arrested individuals
are residents of Southpara in Kachua Gram of the upazila. The incident unfolded when the
couple visited a recreational center, and later, the suspects raped the woman after tying up her
husband. 53

On 16 September, 2023, in Jashore, Bangladesh, a gruesome incident unfolded as Sattar Babu

confessed to raping and murdering a teenage girl named Akhi Khatun after committing sexual
assault. The victim's body was discovered near the railway tracks. The perpetrator, Mintu Sardar
(39), was apprehended, and during questioning, he admitted to the crime. Akhi's mother,
Nurjahan Begum, filed a case with the Khulna Railway Police. Mintu revealed that he had raped
step daughter Akhi twice, once at a hotel and later on a train, where he eventually committed the
murder.54

On October 16, 2023, a case has been filed against a Sub-Inspector (SI) of the police in Barishal
on charges of assaulting and raping a woman. The complainant, a destitute woman, alleges that
the SI, Mizanur Rahman Faruk, demanded Tk 45 lakh from her to purchase a 9% share of land.
When she refused, Mizanur started harassing and raping her. The victim filed a case in the
Barishal Women and Children Repression Tribunal, and the judge directed the investigation
department to look into the allegations. The accused SI allegedly raped the woman multiple
times, capturing compromising photos and videos, threatening to disclose them to her family.
Despite filing a written complaint with the Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP) Protection
Division, the victim claims no action has been taken, prompting her to seek refuge in the court.

52
Prothom Alo, “সৌদি দূতাবাসে আশ্রিত নারীদের ধর্ষণে চাকরি গেল উপসচিবের | প্রথম আলো,” July
6, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/53wn4s49a2.
53
Prothom Alo, “সখীপুরে গজারিবনে স্বামীকে বেঁধে রেখে নারীকে দলবদ্ধ ধর্ষণ, গ্রেপ্তার ৬ |
প্রথম আলো,” August 4, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/49accah3yi.
54
The Daily Samakal, “ধর্ষণ ও হত্যার পর আঁখিকে ট্রেন থেকে ফেলে দেয় সৎবাবা,” September 19,
2023, ধর্ষণ ও হত্যার পর আঁখিকে ট্রেন থেকে ফেলে দেয় সৎবাবা.

38
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

On October 16, 2023, a 17-year-old madrasa student, who was set on fire after being raped in
Shibganj Upazila of Bogura, has succumbed to her injuries after nearly one and a half months of
treatment. She was undergoing treatment at the Sheikh Hasina National Burn and Plastic
Surgery Institute in Dhaka. The girl suffered extensive burns on various parts of her body. The
incident occurred on September 7 when Saiful Islam, a local youth, allegedly raped her and set
her on fire. The victim's family filed a case under the Women and Children Repression
Prevention Act against the accused Saiful, along with two others named Ranju (40) and Nayeem
(23). The incident has sparked outrage and renewed calls for justice against sexual violence. 55

Photo-Police arrested the suspect of the triple murder (Source-Daily)

On November 16, 2023, in Hosneypur, Kishoreganj, a disturbing case of rape and triple murder
has shocked the community. Tahlima Akhter (36) and her two daughters Mohona Akhter (11)
and Banna Akhter (7) were tragically found dead, with signs suggesting they may have been
raped before suffocation. The Crime Scene Unit is investigating this heinous crime, suspecting
foul play. Tahlima's brother filed a case, leading to the apprehension of eight suspects.
Autopsies conducted on the victims' bodies revealed the brutality of the attack.56

55
Prothom Alo, “বগুড়ায় ধর্ষণের পর আগুনে পুড়িয়ে দেওয়া সেই মাদ্রাসাছাত্রীর মৃত্যু |
প্রথম আলো,” October 18, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/uzvtzauh9a.
56
Daily Inqilab, “হোসেনপুরে ৩ খুন : মা মেয়েকে ধর্ষণের পর হত্যা,” November 29, 2023,
https://dailyinqilab.com/bangladesh/news/620349.

39
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Photo- Ali Aslam (Source- Kaler Kantho)

On 11 December, 2023, a young woman filed a rape case against Ali Aslam, the general
secretary of the Awami Jubo League in Kazipur Upazila, Sirajganj. Allegedly, the woman
attempted suicide after being coerced into signing marriage-related papers. Shahidul Islam,
Officer-in-Charge of Kazipur Police Station, confirmed the victim lodged the case yesterday
evening. The victim, girlfriend of Aslam's wife's brother, was raped by Aslam on April 30 last
year and multiple times thereafter. Aslam refused to marry her, leading to her starting a hunger
strike and publicizing her plight on social media. She attempted suicide on Saturday by
consuming pesticide and was admitted to Sirajganj Bangamata Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib
General Hospital.57

Sexual Harassment
Sexual harassment is a prevalent form of gender-based violence that occurs in various forms and
settings, including workplaces, educational institutions, public spaces, and online platforms. It
refers to any unwelcome sexual conduct, verbal or physical, that makes the victim feel
uncomfortable, intimidated, humiliated, or threatened. Sexual harassment undermines the
dignity, security, and rights of the victims and creates a hostile environment that perpetuates
gender inequality. Unfortunately, Bangladesh is not immune to the global phenomenon of
sexual harassment. The country has witnessed a surge in sexual harassment cases in recent
years, with many incidents going unreported or underreported due to societal stigma, fear of
retaliation, and inadequate legal protection.

Total
Assaulted Stalked Sexual
(290) (241) Harassment
(531)

Figure 9: Statistics of Sexual Harassment

57
Kaler Kantho, “যুবলীগ নেতার বিরুদ্ধে ধর্ষণ মামলা, তরুণীর বিষপান,” December 11, 2023,
https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/12/11/1344633.

40
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

In 2023, a total of 531 cases of sexual harassment were reported, as shown in Figure 9. This
figure comprises 290 cases of assault and 241 cases of stalking. The significant number of
assaults compared to stalking highlights the severe and direct forms of harassment women
faced. The high total number indicates a pervasive issue, demanding comprehensive measures to
protect women's safety and rights.

Monthly Sexual Harrasment Statistics

65

55 57 55 55

46

35

25 24
16
13 13
ne

ly
ril

ay

st
ch
y

r
r
r

be

be
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ar

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Ja

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No
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Figure 10: Monthly Comparison of Sexual Harassment in 2023

Figure 10 provides a detailed monthly breakdown of sexual harassment incidents. January saw
25 cases, which increased to 55 in February, showcasing an alarming rise. March experienced a
drop to 35 cases, followed by a sharp decline to 13 in April. The highest number of incidents,
65, occurred in May, indicating a peak in harassment cases. June witnessed 57 cases, while July
and August showed a significant drop to 24 cases, suggesting a temporary reduction. The
numbers rose again to 46 in September, peaked to 55 in October, and then sharply declined to 13
in November and 16 in December. This monthly fluctuation indicates possible seasonal or
situational factors influencing harassment cases, necessitating targeted interventions during peak
months.

Some important incidents are described below:

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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Photo-Abul Hashem (Source-Naya Diganta)

On January 16, 2023, Abdul Hashem, a Union Parishad member from Khadiyapara village in
Baghber Union of Nalitabari Upazila, Sherpur, is facing accusations of attempted sexual assault.
The complaint was filed on Monday evening at Nalitabari Police Station by the victim, Laki
Akhtar Tanveen (30), a mother of three. According to the written complaint, on the night of
January 15, Abdul Hashem forcefully attempted to enter Tanveen's house, breaking the door
latch. However, Tanveen's son's intervention prevented the incident from escalating further. The
accused, Hashem, allegedly had been harassing Tanveen for an extended period, making threats
and attempting assault. The local police have received written complaints from both the victim
and residents in the area, and they assure prompt investigation into the matter. Hashem denies
the allegations, claiming they are fabricated to tarnish his reputation. The local police officer-in-
charge, Md. Emdadul Haque, stated that an investigation will be conducted promptly to address
the situation. 58

On February 11, 2023, A female student of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and
Technology University (BSMRSTU) in Gopalganj has lodged an attempted rape complaint
against Alamgir Hossen, a lawyer at Gopalganj District Court and visiting faculty member at the
university. The incident occurred yesterday evening at a residence in Gopalganj city. The
complainant, under the jurisdiction of Gopalganj Sadar Police Station, accused Alamgir Hossen
of attempting rape after inviting her to his residence to provide tuition. Allegedly, Alamgir tried
to assault her, but she raised an alarm, prompting nearby residents to intervene and rescue her.
The student informed her fellow classmates about the incident, who then reported it to the
university's proctorial team. Kamruzzaman, the university's proctor, stated that they have
informed a faculty member of the proctorial team and the chairman of the disciplinary
committee. Gopalganj Sadar Police confirmed the preliminary truth of the allegation, and a case
has been filed. Attempts are underway to apprehend the accused.59

58
Daily Naya Diganta, “ইউপি সদস্যের বিরুদ্ধে গৃহবধূ ধর্ষণ চেষ্টার অভিযোগ,” January 17, 2023,
https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/mymensingh/721228/ইউপি.
59
The Daily Prothom Alo, “গোপালগঞ্জ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের ছাত্রীকে ধর্ষণচেষ্টার অভিযোগে
মামলা,” February 11, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/fidhsuakg3.

42
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Photo-Nusrat Ara Moyna (Source-Daily Inqilab)

On February 13, 2023, Nusrat Ara Moyna has filed a case against two doctors in Khulna,
accusing them of sexual harassment. She had taken her 6-year-old daughter to Dr. Sheikh Nishat
Abdullah, a specialist at Khulna Abu Naser Hospital, for treatment. Allegedly, instead of
providing medical care at the hospital, Dr. Nishat asked Nusrat to come to a private clinic
named "Hak Nursing Home" for treatment. Nusrat's husband, working in Satkhira, couldn't be
present, so she visited the clinic alone. Dr. Nishat allegedly made inappropriate advances and
sent suggestive messages on her mobile. When she resisted, he threatened to compromise her
daughter's treatment. Nusrat reported the incident to Sonadanga Police Station on January 25.
During a press conference on Wednesday, Nusrat detailed the ordeal, accusing Dr. Nishat of
unprofessional behavior. She revealed that after an operation on her hand, he insisted on
personal meetings, sent suggestive messages, and even attempted to hold her hand. Nusrat's
family supports her claims, stating that the doctors involved haven't cooperated with authorities.
The case is under investigation, emphasizing the need for a thorough examination of the
allegations against the doctors.60

Photo- Shahriar Khan Shaon (Source-Kaler Kantho)

60
Daily Inqilab, “খুলনায় এক গৃহবধূ চিকিৎসকের ভয়ঙ্কর যৌন হয়রানির কথা তুলে ধরলেন সংবাদ
সম্মেলনে,” March 1, 2023, https://m.dailyinqilab.com/article/559185/খুলনায়-এক-গৃহবধূ-চিকিৎসকের-
ভয়ঙ্কর-যৌন-হয়রানির-কথা-তুলে-ধরলেন-সংবাদ-সম্মেলনে.

43
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

On April 25, 2023, In Sherpur's Jhinaigati, Shahriar Khan Shaon, a Chatro League leader, was
arrested by the police for allegedly attempting to assault a female college student. The incident
took place at the student's residence in Gazni, Kansha Union. The victim, a first-year student at
Sherpur Government Women's College, managed to escape assault with the help of her parents
when Shaon visited their home on Eid night. Following the incident, the victim's family reported
it to Nabesh Khakshi, the former chairman of the Upazila Tribal Welfare Association, leading to
local protests. Seeking refuge, the victim stayed at the house of Rabeda Mro, a former
chairperson of the association. On Monday, the victim filed a case against Shaon, accusing him
of attempted assault. The police arrested Shaon after launching an operation in the Bakakura
area. Shaon denied the allegations, calling it a conspiracy. The arrest has heightened tension in
the area, with locals demanding a fair investigation and expressing concern for the victim's
safety.61

On May 26, 2023, An accusation of sexual harassment has surfaced against Dr. Anamul Haque,
a psychology professor at Rajshahi University (RU). The alleged incident occurred during a
departmental meeting, where Dr. Haque reportedly exhibited inappropriate behavior and used
sexually suggestive language. Another faculty member filed a written complaint, detailing the
incident and asserting that similar behavior was repeated in a subsequent meeting. The accused
professor, however, denies the allegations, insisting that the meetings were primarily academic,
and any misinterpretation is unintended. Calls for investigation and action have been made by
women's legal associations, emphasizing the need for a thorough examination of the accusations
within seven days. 62

Photo: Apprehended Mr. M. Mahmud Harun (Source: Prothom Alo)

On June 11, 2023, A police constable, Mr. M. Mahmud Harun, has been apprehended for
alleged sexual assault on a female student at Jahangirnagar University. The incident occurred
near the Botanical Garden on Sunday night. Harun, stationed at Narayanganj Police Lines, was
found with unauthorized handcuffs and a walkie-talkie. The victim, a financially struggling
student, reported that Harun, accompanied by another individual, attempted sexual harassment.
The university's security department and local police intervened, leading to Harun's arrest.
61
Daily Kaler Kantho, “ক্ষুদ্র নৃগোষ্ঠীর কলেজছাত্রীকে ধর্ষণচেষ্টা! ছাত্রলীগ নেতা
গ্রেপ্তার,” April 24, 2023, https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/04/24/1273851.
62
Daily Manab Zamin, “দুই সহকর্মীকে যৌন হয়রানির অভিযোগ রাবি অধ্যাপকের বিরুদ্ধে,” May 27,
2023, https://mzamin.com/news.php?news=57453.

44
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

However, Harun claimed innocence, stating he was visiting the area for vacation. The university
administration has initiated legal action against Harun, and the situation led to a confrontation
between students and the police. The Assistant Proctor mentioned that the university would file
a case against Harun, and expelled student Imrul Hasan might face administrative consequences.
The incident has raised concerns about police misconduct and the need for increased campus
security.63

Photo: Arrested Bus Staff (Source: The Daily Star)

On June 18, Police arrested three bus staffers for attempting to rape a garment worker in a
moving bus on Dhaka-Mymensingh highway in Mymensingh’s Bhaluka upazila on Friday
night. The arrestees -- bus driver Rakib Mia, 21, his helper Arif Mia, 20, and supervisor Ananda
Das, 19, -- were interrogated at Bhaluka Police Station. Md Kamal Hossain, officer-in-charge of
the police station, said the 45-year-old woman was returning home in Bhaluka upazila town
from work at a garment factory in Gazipur’s Mawna. As the bus reached Seedstore area in
Bhaluka around 11:00pm, all passengers except the woman got off. The vehicle started moving
again. All of a sudden, the bus staffers attempted to rape her, the OC told The Daily Star quoting
the victim. The woman tried to resist the staffers and screamed for help. At one stage, she
jumped off the moving bus. She sustained injuries to her head. Hearing her screams, some locals
rushed to the scene and took the victim to a local hospital. On information, a patrol team of
Bhaluka police seized the bus and detained the three with the help of locals. The woman was
moved to Mymensingh Medical College Hospital early yesterday. Later, the brother of the
victim filed a case with Bhaluka Police Station accusing the three of attempted rape. 64

On 10 July, 2023, a court in Chittagong has ordered an investigation into allegations of

kidnapping, attempted rape, and misconduct of a JCD female worker involving twelve
individuals, including two police officers. The incident allegedly occurred after a political
gathering in Chittagong city when the plaintiff, traveling in an autorickshaw, was surrounded by
the accused individuals and taken to a local market where they committed indecent acts and
63
Daily Prothom Alo, “জাহাঙ্গীরনগর বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে ছাত্রী হেনস্তার অভিযোগে পুলিশ সদস্য
আটক,” June 12, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/crime/t3q8laperi.
64
The Daily Star, “3 Held over Attempted Rape on Moving Bus,” June 18, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/3-held-over-attempted-rape-moving-bus-
3348951.

45
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

assaulted the plaintiff. The accused individuals then called the police, who further mistreated the
plaintiff at the station. The plaintiff had previously been arrested in a separate drug-related
case.65

Photo: Accused Teachers (Source: Naya Dihanta)

On July 11, 2023, A case has been filed under the Women and Children Repression Prevention
Act against six individuals, including two teachers from the Islamic University in Kushtia, for
allegedly sexually harassing a woman at Jhinuk Tower in Sadar Upazila, Jhenaidah. The
accused include professors Anwar Hossain and Debashish Sharma, along with four others. The
plaintiff alleges repeated attempts at harassment, with specific claims against Professor Anwar
Hossain. Investigations are ongoing, and the investigating officer will submit a report to the
Jhenaidah court upon completion66

Photo: Accused Monjur Mollla (Source: The daily Juhanyor

On August 29, 2023, In Shahjadpur, Sirajganj, Monjur Molla, the president of the Awami
League in Belatola Union, was arrested for attempting to rape a second-grade madrasa student.
The incident occurred on August 24, and locals rescued the girl, detaining Monjur Molla. A
65
Prothom Alo, “ছাত্রদল কর্মীকে ধর্ষণচেষ্টার অভিযোগ, অনুসন্ধানের নির্দেশ আদালতের |
প্রথম আলো,” July 11, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/vq509pkg6q.
66
Daily Naya Diganta, “ঝিনাইদহে নারীকে হয়রানির অভিযোগে ইবির ২ শিক্ষকের বিরুদ্ধে মামলা,”
July 12, 2023, https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/khulna/761716/ঝি.

46
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

local meeting led by influential figures failed to settle the matter, resulting in the victim's family
filing a case. Within three hours, the police arrested Monjur Molla, and the Awami League plans
to address the issue in an upcoming party meeting.67

On September 9, 2023, A Brac University student has accused an IBA (Institute of Business
Administration) professor from Dhaka University of sexual harassment. The student alleges
inappropriate behavior during a meeting to submit her thesis at Brac. University authorities,
including the Dhaka University Vice-Chancellor and IBA Director, have met with the student
and her parents. The accused professor, Wasel Bin Sadat, denies the allegations, citing a lack of
knowledge about the issue and suggests potential political motives. The student reported the
incident, mentioning phone calls where the professor downplayed the matter. The university is
conducting an investigation.68

On October 8, 2023, Allegations of attempted assault and threats against a female resident
doctor have been made against Dr. Akbar Hossain Shanto, the director of a private hospital in
Lalpur, Natore. The incident occurred last Thursday, with the complainant accusing Dr. Shanto
of inappropriate advances and assault attempts. The doctor refused a monetary offer, leading to
the alleged assault and threats. The hospital director is now under investigation, and the hospital
temporarily closed due to various irregularities following an inspection on October 4. The
complainant and her family are demanding action against the accused director. 69

Photo: photo of protestors (source: Prothom Alo)

67
The Daily Jugantor, “শিশু মাদ্রাসাছাত্রীকে ধর্ষণচেষ্টা, আ.লীগ নেতা গ্রেফতার,” 2023,
https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/712230/শি.
68
The Daily Samakal, “ঢাবি শিক্ষকের বিরুদ্ধে যৌন হয়রানির অভিযোগ ছাত্রীর,” September 9, 2023,
https://samakal.com/bangladesh/article/2309195111/ঢা.
69
The Daily Samakal, “চিকিৎসককে ধর্ষণচেষ্টার অভিযোগ হাসপাতাল পরিচালকের বিরুদ্ধে,”
October 9, 2023, https://samakal.com/whole-country/article/2310200628/চি.

47
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

On November 28, 2023, Students at Dhaka University protested outside the vice-chancellor's
residence, alleging sexual harassment against a teacher. The incident involved a female student
who claimed harassment by the teacher. Despite attempts to get the teacher's response, there was
no reply. This isn't the first time such allegations surfaced against the teacher, who faced similar
accusations in 2014. The victim recounted uncomfortable encounters during counseling sessions
and subsequent pressure to meet privately. Traumatized, she's unable to attend classes. The vice-
chancellor assured disciplinary actions, and the matter will be investigated further at the
university's highest policy-making forum. 70

On December 1,2023, Recent allegations of sexual harassment at Dhaka University have

prompted investigations by the university's Syndicate and a tribunal. One case involves a female
student accusing a professor from the Institute of Social Welfare and Research, while another
case dates back three years, implicating a different teacher from the Department of Peace and
Conflict Studies. Syndicate members have confirmed the veracity of the allegations, and protests
have ensued, urging swift justice. Additionally, a previous complaint against the same associate
professor has resurfaced. The university has formed committees to investigate both cases
promptly, emphasizing the importance of addressing such serious allegations within the
institution.71

Dowry-Related Violence

70
Daily Prothom Alo, “ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের এক শিক্ষকের বিরুদ্ধে যৌন হয়রানির অভিযোগ,”
November 29, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/qknwhrc3uf.
71
Daily Prothom Alo.

48
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Dowry-Related Violence is a common form of violence against women in Bangladesh, which

has been prevalent for centuries. It is a crime that often leads to physical, psychological, and
emotional harm to women, and sometimes even to death. Unfortunately, the year 2022 was no
exception, as it continued to be a serious problem in Bangladesh. The historical context of
Dowry-Related Violence in Bangladesh can be traced back to the socio-cultural practices that
encourage or enforce the exchange of dowries during marriage. The practice of dowry is deeply
ingrained in the society and is considered a part of tradition and culture. However, this has led to
a situation where the bride's family is expected to provide a substantial amount of money or
property to the groom's family as part of the marriage contract. When the bride's family is
unable to fulfill these demands, they often face threats and violence.
The situation regarding DRW in Bangladesh is alarming. Despite the existence of laws
criminalizing Dowry-Related Violence, perpetrators often go unpunished due to weak law
enforcement, social stigma, and a lack of awareness among the public.

Total
Incidents
143

Killed for Suicide for Injured for

Dawry 73 Dawry 07 Dawry 63

Figure 11 : Statistics of Dowry Related Violence

Figure 11 highlights the gravity of dowry-related violence in 2023, with a total of 143 reported
incidents. Among these, 73 women were killed due to dowry disputes, reflecting the extreme
and fatal consequences of this practice. Additionally, 7 women committed suicide, underscoring
the severe psychological trauma and hopelessness faced by victims. Moreover, 63 women were
injured in dowry-related violence, indicating the widespread physical harm inflicted on women.
These statistics underline the urgent need for stringent enforcement of laws against dowry and
increased support for victims to prevent such tragedies.

49
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Killed for dowry

16

14 14

12
Monthly Statistics

10
9 9
8
7
6 6 6
5 5
4
3 3 3 3
2

r
ry
y

er
t
ch

be
ne

be
il

be
ay

ly

us
ar

pr
ua

ob
Ju
ar

em

em

em
Ju

ug
nu

A
br

ct
A
Ja

pt

ec
ov
O
Fe

Se

D
N
Figure 12: Monthly Comparison of killed for dowry from January to December’22

The monthly statistics for dowry-related killings in 2023 show significant fluctuations. The
highest number of incidents occurred in March, with 14 reported cases. Following this peak, the
numbers decline but remain notable, with seven incidents in April and consistent occurrences
throughout the year. A secondary peak is observed in October, with nine incidents, matching
another rise in November. These fluctuations suggest periods of increased dowry-related
violence, possibly linked to social or cultural events during these months. The trend indicates a
persistent issue with dowry-related violence, necessitating continuous monitoring and targeted
interventions to address this deeply rooted societal problem in Bangladesh.

Some important incidents are given below:

On January 1, 2023, In Jashore, allegations of torture have been raised against a police officer
by his wife, also a police officer, in a case related to domestic violence. The victim, Sub-
Inspector Shahazadi Akhtar, has been admitted to Jashore 250-Bed General Hospital in critical
condition. However, her husband, Police Inspector Kamruzzaman, denies the accusations of
torture. The incident occurred on Friday night in their residence in the Khadki area of Jashore
city. Shahazadi Akhtar, who works as the Sub-Inspector at Jashore Sadar Court, filed a case
under the Domestic Violence Act against her husband Kamruzzaman, who serves as a Police
Inspector at Jhenaidah PBI. Shahazadi alleges that Kamruzzaman has been subjecting her to
physical and mental abuse amid ongoing torture cases. Kamruzzaman, in response, denies the
allegations and claims he was not present at home during the reported incident. The case
involves a history of domestic violence, with Shahazadi seeking justice and medical attention
for her critical injuries. The local authorities are investigating the matter, and Shahazadi has
appealed for justice through the legal system.72

On February 27, 2023, Mamun Sheikh (30) from Lohagara, Narail, was arrested for violently
assaulting his wife, Kulsum Begum (29), and tying their eight-month-old child to a tree. The
incident occurred in Raghunathpur village over a financial dispute. Kulsum filed a case,
72
The Daily Jugantor, “যশোরে পুলিশ কর্মকর্তা স্বামীর নির্যাতনে পুলিশ কর্মকর্তা স্ত্রী
হাসপাতালে,” January 1, 2023, https://www.jugantor.com/todays-paper/city/630425/যশো.

50
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

accusing Mamun of domestic violence and cruelty, leading to his prompt arrest by the police.
The complaint revealed Mamun's history of extortion and a previous unconsented marriage.
Mamun assaulted Kulsum when she refused to bring money from her father's house,
subsequently tying the infant to a tree. The cries alerted neighbors, who rescued the child.
Images of the incident circulated on social media. Kulsum filed a case under the Women and
Children Repression Prevention Act, and Mamun is set to appear in court today. The police
noted preliminary allegations of Mamun's drug addiction.73

Photo: Deceased Fatema Nasrin (45), and Her husband Mirza Sakhawat Hossain (49)

Fatema Nasrin (45), a homemaker in Mohammadpur, Dhaka, has been allegedly beaten to death
in a dowry-related dispute. She is the niece of Justice Mo. Nazrul Islam Talukdar from the High
Court Division of the Supreme Court. Mirza Sakhawat Hossain (49), the husband of the
deceased and a BCS cadre police official, has been arrested in connection with the case.
According to Fatema's elder sister Arjina Begum, the incident occurred on March 8, when Mirza
Sakhawat Hossain assaulted Fatema over dowry demands. Fatema was severely injured and later
admitted to the National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital in Agargaon, Dhaka.
Unfortunately, she succumbed to her injuries after ten days of treatment. The Mohammadpur
Police confirmed the incident on Saturday (March 18), leading to the arrest of Mirza Sakhawat
Hossain. Justice Nazrul Islam visited the hospital late at night upon hearing about Fatema's
death. Arjina Begum expressed the family's desire for justice, emphasizing the need for a fair
trial in the tragic case of Fatema's alleged homicide.74

On April 4, 2023, Police Constable Md. Ikbal Hossen developed a romantic relationship with a
college student from Fochikagram, Netrokona, through Facebook. Despite being already
married, he secretly pursued the relationship. When the girl rejected marriage, she filed a
complaint against Ikbal. However, Ikbal, evading legal proceedings, married her on January 22,
2023, in Kailati Union's marriage registry office. The couple faced financial difficulties, with the
girl's family demanding 5 lakh Taka for the alleged injustice. On March 21, Ikbal assaulted the
73
The Daily Prothom Alo, “যৌতুকের দাবিতে স্ত্রীকে মারধর, ৮ মাসের সন্তানকে ‘গাছে ঝুলিয়ে
রাখলেন’ বাবা,” February 28, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/3mprl3nar2.
74
The Daily Prothom Alo, “ঢাকায় নির্যাতনের শিকার গৃহবধূর মৃত্যু, প্রকৌশলী স্বামী
গ্রেপ্তার,” March 19, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/crime/pdft894d8u.

51
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

girl, leading to her rescue by the police. The victim's parents seek justice against Ikbal for the
abuse. Despite attempts, communication with Ikbal remains difficult as his phone is switched
off.75

On May 2, 2023, Rekha Begum, a resident of Joynaidanga Gram in Ullipur Paurashava,

Bangladesh, was subjected to an acid attack by her husband and in-laws on Tuesday night. The
incident was triggered by Rekha's refusal to bring a demanded dowry of two lakh taka from her
father's house. The assault left Rekha severely injured, and she was admitted to Rangpur
Medical College Hospital for treatment. The case involves Anwar Hossen, Rekha's husband, and
two others, and highlights the persistent issue of dowry-related harassment faced by many
women in such situations.76

On June 9, 2023, In Rampura, the capital, a woman named Naina Khan (43) has been allegedly
beaten and murdered by her husband Gias Uddin for dowry. On Thursday afternoon, her
husband reportedly assaulted and murdered her, setting her on fire in the kitchen. Later, she was
taken to the Burn and Plastic Surgery Institute in a critical condition, where she was pronounced
dead. The police have detained her husband in connection with the incident. The couple,
employed in a life insurance company, had been married since 2012 and had no children.
Naina's family claims that Gias Uddin had a history of domestic violence and was constantly
pressuring her for money. The incident occurred on Thursday afternoon, and the police have
initiated an investigation. Further details will be known after questioning the husband. The
family describes a pattern of abuse, stating that Gias Uddin would resort to violence for
financial reasons, even during their marriage. The victim's body showed signs of injuries and
burns. The police have taken the husband into custody based on the family's allegations. The
body has been preserved for further forensic examination at the Morgue of Dhaka Medical
College. The investigation is ongoing.77

On July 8, 2023, A woman named Shuli Bibi has filed a case against her second husband, Abdul
Majid Akand, accusing him of physical abuse for dowry in Rani Nagar, Nogaon. Shuli divorced
her first husband due to misconduct and has been residing with her two daughters. After opening
a shop with Majid's help, he proposed marriage and took a substantial portion of her savings.
When Majid demanded an additional dowry and she refused, he and others assaulted her. Shuli
filed a case with the Nogaon Women and Children Repression Prevention Tribunal Court, while
Majid denies the allegations, claiming to have divorced Shuli recently due to unspecified
reasons.78

On July 25, 2023, A woman has accused her husband, Abdul Wadud Akand, a diplomat in New
Delhi, of torture, dowry demands, and attempted murder. Despite family attempts to resolve the
matter, she lodged a written complaint with the Foreign Secretary. Wadud allegedly purchased

75
The Daily Jugantor, “নেত্রকোনায় পুলিশ কনস্টেবলের বিরুদ্ধে নির্যাতনের অভিযোগ,” April 4,
2023, https://www.jugantor.com/todays-paper/bangla-face/661906/নে.
76
Daily Janakantha, “গৃহবধুকে এসিড খাইয়ে হত্যা চেষ্টা,” May 2, 2023.
77
Daily Janakantha, “রামপুরায় নারীকে পুড়িয়ে হত্যার অভিযোগ,” June 9, 2023,
https://www.jugantor.com/todays-paper/second-edition/683980/রা.
78
Daily Manab Zamin, “রাণীনগরে স্ত্রীকে মারপিটের অভিযোগে আওয়ামী লীগ নেতার বিরুদ্ধে
মামলা,” July 25, 2023, https://mzamin.com/news.php?news=66219.

52
 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

property and demanded additional cash from his wife, leading to escalating abuse. The woman
sought refuge in Bangladesh and lodged a complaint detailing the abuse and demands for dowry.
Wadud denies the allegations, labeling them as family matters. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs
will examine the complaint, as such allegations are not tolerated within the Foreign Service. 79

On August 17, 2023, Mo. Tarikul Islam Rahul, a former leader of Chhatra League, faces
accusations of domestic violence and dowry demands in a case filed by a woman claiming to be
his wife. The woman alleges that Tarikul borrowed Tk 20 lakh as dowry last year, and disputes
arose in their marriage. Tarikul reportedly assaulted her at a friend's house recently, after which
she sought refuge at her father's house. Tarikul has not made efforts to find her, and when
contacted, he allegedly used inappropriate language and threats. The woman claims the
accusations are true. Legal actions will be taken, according to the investigating officer. Tarikul
denies awareness of the matter. He had faced expulsion in 2017 for harassment allegations but
continued in leadership roles.80
On September 8, 2023, In Joypurhat's Kalai Upazila, a husband allegedly scalded his wife,
Suraiya Akhtar, with hot water for not receiving dowry. The incident occurred in Talorda
Baiguni village. Suraiya, 22, is admitted to Bogura Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College
Hospital for treatment. The victim had previously faced dowry-related pressure, and the latest
incident involved the husband pouring hot water on her when she refused additional dowry
money. The police are aware of the incident, and if a formal complaint is filed, legal action will
be taken.81

Photo- Accused Ripon Mia (Source- Kaler Kantho)

79
Daily Ittefaq, “কূটনীতিকের বিরুদ্ধে স্ত্রী নির্যাতন ও যৌতুক দাবির অভিযোগ,” July 25, 2024,
https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/653218/কূটনীতিকের-বিরুদ্ধে-স্ত্রী-নির্যাতন-ও-যৌতুক-দাবির.
80
The Daily Samakal, “ছাত্রলীগ নেতার বিরুদ্ধে থানায় ‘স্ত্রীর’ জিডি,” October 17, 2023,
https://samakal.com/politics/article/2308190416/ছা.
81
The Daily Prothom Alo, “যৌতুকের টাকা না পেয়ে গরম পানি দিয়ে স্ত্রীকে ঝলসে দেওয়ার
অভিযোগ,” September 8, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/wlpcc5f0z1.

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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

On October 16, 2023, A woman in Gaibandha, Baby Begum (35), accused her husband, Ripon
Mia (45), of cutting her tongue over dowry disputes. The incident was reported on 15 th October,
with police arresting Ripon based on a complaint from Baby's sister-in-law, Manjuara Begum.
The attack occurred last Sunday. Baby is currently receiving treatment at Gaibandha General
Hospital. Baby Begum married Ripon Mia six years ago, but he started demanding dowry
around three years ago. Despite paying nearly 1.5 million taka, the abuse continued. Recently,
Ripon demanded an additional five lakh taka. When the demand wasn't met, he attacked Baby
with a sharp weapon. Manjuara Begum filed a case after witnessing Baby's severe injuries. The
local police arrested Ripon Mia early Monday from Palashbari Upazila. The case has drawn
attention from Bangladesh Mahila Parishad, whose members are calling for a thorough
investigation. Ripon Mia has been sent to court following his arrest, and the police are closely
monitoring the situation. 82

On November 14, 2023, A woman named Nazma Akhter, aged 20, was allegedly set on fire by
her husband in Noakhali yesterday. The incident occurred around 1:30 pm in Mujahidpur village
of Begumganj upazila. Nazma, who sustained severe injuries, was initially taken to Begumganj
Upazila Health Complex and later transferred to Noakhali 250-bed General Hospital for
advanced treatment, as stated by her family members. Her husband, Md Rasel, 30, an auto-
rickshaw driver, reportedly had a history of abusing her for dowry. Despite the family's recent
payment of Tk 2 lakh, Rasel demanded an additional Tk 50,000. The altercation over dowry
escalated, resulting in Rasel allegedly setting Nazma on fire. She is currently undergoing
treatment in the hospital's surgery ward, where medical staff observed an oil-like substance on
her body. Nazma's relatives intend to file a case against Rasel soon. The Officer-in-Charge of
Begumganj Model Police Station, Anwarul Islam, assured that legal actions will be taken upon
receipt of a formal complaint.83

On December 13, 2023, In Brahmanbaria's Sarail, Al Amin Mia murdered his wife, Sahida
Akhtar, by setting her on fire with petrol following a dispute over dowry. The incident took
place on Monday morning in the Kalikachch area of the Upazila. Sahida, the daughter of Alai
Mia from Noagaon Union, had been facing dowry demands from her husband for the past 3-4
years. Al Amin attacked her in their home by pouring petrol on her and setting her ablaze.
Sahida was rescued by locals and initially treated at Brahmanbaria Sadar Hospital before being
transferred to Dhaka Medical College Hospital, where she succumbed to her injuries on Tuesday
morning. Sahida's brother, Mo. Abed Munshi, lodged a murder case against four individuals at
the Sarail Police Station. The OC of Sarail Police Station, Mohammad Emranul Islam, stated
that Al Amin has been arrested and received medical treatment for minor injuries sustained
during his arrest. Efforts are ongoing to apprehend the remaining suspects.84

82
Kaler Kantho, “যৌতুকের টাকা না পেয়ে স্ত্রীর জিভ কাটার অভিযোগ, স্বামী গ্রেপ্তার,” October
17, 2023, https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/10/17/1327741.
83
The Daily Star, “Woman Set on Fire for Dowry in Noakhali,” November 12, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/woman-set-fire-dowry-noakhali-3467421.
84
The Daily Jugantor, “সরাইলে শরীরে পেট্রোল ঢেলে গৃহবধূকে হত্যা,” December 12, 2023,
https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/750700/স.

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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Acid Violence
Acid violence is a heinous crime that leaves victims with lifelong physical and emotional scars.
Unfortunately, Bangladesh has a long history of acid violence, with women being the primary
victims. The year 2022 was no exception, as acid attacks continued to occur, highlighting the
urgent need for action to prevent this devastating crime. The roots of acid violence in
Bangladesh can be traced back to socio-cultural factors such as gender inequality, lack of
education, and patriarchal attitudes. Acid attacks have been used as a weapon of revenge,
control, and punishment against women who refuse proposals of marriage, demand divorce, or
seek independence. Despite efforts to curb this practice, acid violence remains a significant
problem in Bangladesh.
The situation regarding acid violence in Bangladesh is concerning. Despite the existence of laws
criminalizing acid attacks and regulating the sale and use of acid, the perpetrators often go
unpunished due to weak law enforcement and a culture of impunity.

Incident Injured Killed

8 9 2

Figure 13: Attacks Using Acid on Women and Girls

The visual representation of acid attack incidents against women and girls in Bangladesh for
2023, though less frequent compared to other forms of violence, remains deeply concerning.
There were 8 reported incidents of acid attacks, resulting in 9 injuries and 2 fatalities. The
relatively small numbers do not diminish the severity and life-altering impact of such attacks on
the victims. Acid attacks are particularly brutal, often leaving survivors with severe
disfigurement and long-term physical and psychological trauma. The data highlights the need

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for stringent enforcement of laws against acid attacks and comprehensive support systems for
survivors to aid their recovery and reintegration into society.

Some important cases are cited below:

Photo: Arrested accused of acid violence

On February 1, 2023, In Alfadanga, Faridpur, Saudi expatriate Sabina Begum (45) has been
accused of acid throwing in a dispute over money. The incident unfolded on Tuesday night
when she filed a case against Sohel Khan, alias Liton, and Nargis Begum for assault. The next
morning, both assailants were arrested and brought to court. Earlier, on January 26, a similar
acid attack occurred in Satbadiya village, Togorvand Union. Sabina, a businesswoman, claimed
that Liton borrowed 1.3 million Tk from her in 2016 but stopped repaying after a few months.
After working in Saudi Arabia for six years, when Sabina returned seeking repayment, Liton
intimidated her. Nargis Begum, Liton's second wife and Sabina's former sister-in-law, assisted
her in filing the case. Sabina was admitted to the Alphadanga Health Complex and later
transferred to Dhaka for advanced treatment. Local freedom fighter Asad Mollah's wife, Jahana
Begum, confirmed the incident but stated uncertainty about the culprits. Liton denied
involvement, suggesting to check his phone's location. Nargis questioned her motive for

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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

committing such an act. Police have filed a case against the two under the Acid Control Act, and
they are currently in custody awaiting trial.85

On March 27, 2023, In the Fatulla area of Narayanganj Sadar Upazila, 31-year-old Fatema
Begum faced a horrific incident of acid violence following alleged harassment for not receiving
dowry. Fatema succumbed to her injuries at Dhaka's Sheikh Hasina National Burn and Plastic
Surgery Institute. Married since 2008, Fatema and her husband, Arif Hossain, have a 12-year-
old son and a 6-year-old daughter. The tragedy unfolded as Arif reportedly demanded a dowry
of 200,000 taka two months ago. Fatema's mother, Nasima Begum, revealed the shocking
details, including the attempt to cover up the incident as an accident. The local authorities are
investigating the case, and Fatema's family is seeking justice for the untimely demise. 86

On 17 May, 2023, A Moulvibazar court yesterday sent a man to jail for throwing acid at a
teenage girl in the district’s Rajnagar upazila. Police arrested accused Lal Chan Bauri, 26, of
Uttarbhag union, on Monday afternoon and produced before the court yesterday. The victim’s
brother filed a complaint with Rajnagar Police Station in this connection. According to him, Lal
had been harassing his sister for long. Recently, he proposed his sister for marriage. Refused, he
hurled acid at her around 9:30pm on Sunday. Her right eye and cheek were burnt, he added.
Binay Bhushan Roy, officer-in-charge of the police station, said the victim was undergoing
treatment at Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College and Hospital.87

On July 4, 2023, During the wedding, Khokon Mia promised to love my daughter dearly. This
led to our marriage. Now, my daughter has been attacked with acid. Why did he hurt my
daughter when he promised to love her? Morseda Akhtar (25) expressed these grievances at
Dhaka Medical College Hospital. She has been staying at the hospital's Burns and Plastic
Surgery department for 9 days for her daughter's treatment. Khokon Mia, her second husband,
allegedly attacked her daughter Maria Akhtar (8) with acid on June 23. However, Khokon
denies the accusation. The incident occurred at Morseda's home in Gopaldi, Narayanganj. The
severity of the child's burns highlights the urgency for comprehensive campaigns to raise
awareness about acid violence, both nationally and internationally. 88

85
Daily Samakal, “সৌদি প্রবাসী নারীকে এসিড নিক্ষেপের ঘটনায় মামলা,” February 1, 2023,
https://samakal.com/whole-country/article/2302154392/সৌ.
86
The Daily Samakal, “যৌতুক না পেয়ে এসিডে ঝলসিয়ে নারীকে হত্যার অভিযোগ,” March 27, 2023,
https://samakal.com/whole-country/article/2303164536/যৌতুক-না-পেয়ে-এসিডে.
87
The Daily Star, “Man Sent to Jail for Acid Attack on Teenage Girl,” May 17, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/man-sent-jail-acid-attack-teenage-girl-3321936.
88
Prothom Alo, “আমার সঙ্গে ঝগড়া, মেয়েরে ক্যান পোড়াইলো,” July 3, 2023,
https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/nf8qn2dsqj.

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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Photo: Photo of the victim and the perpetrator ( Source: Naya Diganta)

On August 17, 2023, A woman in Shibchar, Madaripur, Bangladesh, faced an acid attack by her
ex-husband, Sumon Shikdar, following her remarriage. Sumon, a 26-year-old speedboat driver,
had a prior relationship with Sadiya Akhtar, leading to their marriage four years ago. The
marriage ended in divorce due to Sumon's drug addiction. Despite the divorce, Sumon allegedly
continued to harass Sadiya, who filed a complaint with the police. On Wednesday night, Sumon
and accomplices attacked Sadiya with acid, causing severe injuries. Sadiya initially received
treatment at a local health complex and was later transferred to Dhaka Medical College
Hospital's burn unit. The incident is under police investigation, and Sadiya's family seeks
justice.89

Photo: Victim Parvin Begum (Source: Jugantor)

On 28 September, 2023, In Bhola's Daulatkhan, Parvin Begum, 38, allegedly threw acid at her
sister-in-law in a dispute over a mobile phone charging issue. Parvin, the wife of Abdul Kamal,
89
Daily Naya Diganta, “শিবচরে বিয়ে হচ্ছে শুনে সাবেক স্ত্রীকে এসিড নিক্ষেপের অভিযোগ,”
August 17, 2023, https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/dhaka/770510/শি.

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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

was rescued with local assistance and admitted to Bhola Sadar Hospital. The conflict had roots
in family disputes, including the recent death of Parvin's father-in-law and the subsequent
remarriage of her sister-in-law. The incident occurred in the early morning after a heated
argument, resulting in Parvin being hospitalized with suspected acid burns. The police are
investigating the matter, and a case is being prepared.90

On December 20, 2023, In Lalpur Upazila of Natore, a former husband attacked his ex-wife and
her niece with a corrosive substance. The incident occurred last night at around 9:00 PM in the
Newpara village of Duduria Union. The accused youth is named Mohammad Jia, aged 25, from
Ramkrishnapur village in Lalpur. The victims are his former wife Rima Khatun (22) and her
niece Maimuna Khatun (4). Rima is the daughter of Rantu Ali from the Newpara village, while
Maimuna is Rima's niece, the daughter of Rima's uncle Lalon Ali. According to police and local
sources, Rima divorced Jia after learning about his drug addiction. Jia had previously been
punished for drug-related offenses. Four months ago, Rima divorced her husband due to his
addiction. Last night, Mohammad Jia went to Rima's father's house, where he attacked Rima and
Maimuna with the corrosive substance during a conversation. Both victims sustained injuries to
their faces and necks. They were rescued and taken to the Bagha Upazila Health Complex,
where they received initial treatment before being transferred to Rajshahi Medical College
Hospital for further care. Mohammad Jia remains at large following the incident. Nasim Ahmed,
the Officer-in-Charge of Lalpur Police Station, stated that due to the ongoing treatment of the
victims, their relatives have not yet filed a written complaint with the police. However, efforts
are underway to apprehend the accused Jia.91

Family Feud
In Bangladesh, the year 2022 witnessed a tragic and alarming number of cases involving the
death of women in family feuds. These incidents, marked by violence and brutality, represent a
grave violation of human rights and highlight the urgent need for comprehensive action to
address this pressing issue. Family feud-related violence not only results in the loss of precious
lives but also inflicts severe physical, emotional, and psychological harm on women. These acts
of violence within familial settings perpetuate a cycle of abuse and reinforce patriarchal norms,
where women are subjected to discrimination, control, and subjugation. Such violence
constitutes a clear violation of fundamental human rights, including the right to life, security,
and dignity. Every woman has the right to live free from violence, coercion, and fear within her
own home and community. The loss of life due to family feud-related violence is an affront to
these rights and undermines the principles of equality, justice, and respect for human dignity.

90
The Daily Jugantor, “ঘুমন্ত গৃহবধূকে এসিড নিক্ষেপের অভিযোগ,” September 28, 2023,
https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/723151/ঘু.
91
Daily Prothom Alo, “যুবকের ‘ছোড়া’ দাহ্য পদার্থে ঝলসে গেছে সাবেক স্ত্রী ও তাঁর ভাতিজির
মুখ-গলা,” December 20, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/8v6fg1k7do.

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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Killed in Family fued

45

40 39
37
35 33 32
31 30
30

25
Monthly Statistics

20 21
20 17
16 15
15

10 9

ly
ay

ne
ch

ril
y

st
ry

r
r

be
ar

be

be
be
Ju

gu
Ap
ua

M
ar

Ju
nu

to

m
m
m
M

Au
br

Oc

ve

ce
e
Ja

Fe

pt

No

De
Se
The monthly statistics of fatalities resulting from family feuds throughout 2023 reveal troubling
trends in domestic violence in Bangladesh. The numbers peak in the mid-year months, with July
and August recording the highest fatalities at 37 and 39, respectively. There is a noticeable rise
starting from May, with 31 fatalities, and a gradual decline towards the end of the year, with
December reporting the lowest at 9. This pattern suggests possible seasonal or socio-cultural
factors influencing the incidence of family feuds leading to fatalities. The persistently high
numbers, especially in the middle of the year, indicate a chronic issue within familial structures,
necessitating targeted interventions and support mechanisms to address and reduce domestic
violence.

Some important cases are cited below:

On January 10, 2023, In Kashiani, Gopalganj, a woman named Sufi Begum alleges that her
brother-in-law, Liakat Molla, set her on fire over a land dispute. The incident occurred on
Tuesday at around 11 AM in Baghjhapagram, Sazail Union. The victim was initially treated at
Kashiani Hospital and later transferred to Dhaka Medical College Hospital due to the severity of
her injuries. This is not the first time Liakat Molla has been accused of violence; previously, he
had cut the victim's sister's hair. The dispute revolves around ancestral property, and Liakat has
a history of opposing Sufi Begum over this matter. The police are actively pursuing Liakat, and
the local community condemns his actions, expressing concern over the escalating tensions
related to the land dispute. The victim, Sufi Begum, is in critical condition, with her entire body
burned.92

92
The Daily Samakal, “নারীকে গাছের সাথে বেঁধে আগুন দেওয়ার অভিযোগ দেবরের বিরুদ্ধে,” January
10, 2023, https://samakal.com/whole-country/article/2301150560/না.

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Photo: Accused

On February 18, 2023, the police discovered the bodies of a mother and daughter in a residential
hotel in Cox's Bazar. On Friday, at 3:00 PM, two bodies were found in Room 411 of Hotel Sea
Alif in Kalatoli. The deceased woman, Suma De (35), hailed from Banskhali, Chittagong. The
entry log at the hotel did not mention the deceased couple's two-year-old child. The hotel
manager, Mohammad Ismail, reported that the couple, along with two sons, checked in on
February 14, intending to leave on the 17th. At 11 AM on the 17th, staff member Sakhaowat
found Suma and her child dead in the room, prompting the manager to open the door using the
master key. Although the bodies were found in the hotel room, the husband and the two sons are
missing. The bodies have been sent to Cox's Bazar Sadar Hospital for a post-mortem
examination to determine the cause of death. The police, along with CID, are investigating the
case, aiming to find the husband and sons for further clarification. This incident follows another
case on February 15, where a woman's body was found in a Cox's Bazar hotel room.93

Photo- Latifa Begum (Source-Prothom Alo)

Latifa Begum, a 42-year-old woman from Nabinagar, Brahmanbaria, passed away after
allegedly setting herself on fire following a family dispute over her brother-in-law’s drug
addiction. Latifa, married to an expatriate worker, suffered severe burns and was on life support
for four days before succumbing to her injuries at Sheikh Hasina National Burn and Plastic
Surgery Institute in Dhaka. Her brother-in-law, Mo. Jalal (34), is accused in the case, and her
father has filed a complaint at Nabinagar Police Station. The incident sheds light on the tragic
93
Daily Ittefaq, “হোটেল থেকে স্ত্রী-মেয়ের লাশ উদ্ধার, স্বামী উধাও,” February 17, 2023,
https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/632418/হোটেল-থেকে-স্ত্রী-সন্তানের-লাশ-উদ্ধার-স্বামী.

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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

consequences of drug addiction within families and underscores the urgent need for addressing
mental health issues.94

On April 2, 2023, Ruhul Amin, a Union Parishad member from Sakhipur Upazila, Tangail, has
been arrested in connection with a murder case involving the death of his sister-in-law, Jareena
Akhtar. The incident, rooted in domestic violence, occurred in the Shurirchala village. The
primary accused, Salam Mia, remains at large along with five others. Last Friday, Salam Mia
allegedly assaulted Jareena with a wooden piece at their home. Critically injured, Jareena was
initially taken to Sakhipur Upazila Health Complex and later transferred to a private hospital in
Dhaka. Tragically, she succumbed to her injuries yesterday. Jareena’s daughter, Swapna Akhtar,
filed a murder case against Salam Mia and six others, identifying Ruhul Amin as the prime
suspect. Ruhul Amin has been charged as an accomplice in the case. Swapna Akhtar is
demanding justice for her mother, stating that Ruhul Amin was the mastermind behind the
killing. Ruhul Amin has been remanded for five days and was sent to Tangail Court. Efforts are
ongoing to apprehend the remaining suspects involved in the crime.95

Photo: Deceased Nilufa Yasmin (Source: ProthomAlo)

On May 5, 2023, Nilufa Yasmin, also known as Happy, tragically died at Sheikh Hasina
National Burn and Plastic Surgery Institute in Dhaka. The 25-year-old had been under medical
care since Wednesday after her husband, Roni Sardar, allegedly set her on fire during a family
dispute. Roni was arrested, and a murder attempt case was filed by Nilufa’s family. The
investigation revealed that Roni was responsible for the incident. The couple had a history of
family conflicts, and the recent visit to Sahapur resulted in a heated argument, leading to the
tragic event. Nilufa’s body is now in Dhaka Medical College Hospital for post-mortem
examination.96

94
The Daily Prothom Alo, “ভাবির গায়ে পেট্রল ঢেলে আগুন দিলেন দেবর, চার দিন লাইফ সাপোর্টে
থেকে মৃত্যু,” March 22, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/zoum4axx7r.
95
The Daily Prothom Alo, “সখীপুরে গৃহবধূ হত্যা মামলায় ইউপি সদস্য গ্রেপ্তার,” April 2, 2023,
https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/zc8mfj9ykt.
96
The Daily Prothom Alo, “ফেসবুকে প্রেম থেকে বিয়ে, সেই স্বামীর ‘দেওয়া আগুনে’ প্রাণ গেল
নিলুফার,” May 12, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/0wbkgufe9z.

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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Photo-Afsana Begum (Source-Prothom Alo)

On June 1, 2023, Afsana Begum, a bride in South Khan, Dhaka, was allegedly murdered,
leading to a homicide case filed by her brother Ariful Islam Badi. Afsana's father-in-law,
brother-in-law, sister, and maternal aunt have been arrested in connection with the case.
Afsana's husband, Ashraful Alam, who resides in Canada, is accused of killing her due to family
disputes. The preliminary investigation suggests that Ashraful demanded a dowry of one crore
taka, leading to a disagreement. Ashraful allegedly killed Afsana with a stick and buried her
behind their house. The couple had a second marriage after returning from Canada, and they
have a child from their previous marriages.97

97
Prothom Alo, “কানাডাপ্রবাসী গৃহবধূ খুন: শ্বশুর–দেবরসহ চারজন গ্রেপ্তার,” July 1, 2023,
https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/capital/1dsieesmux.

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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Photo-Chairman Abdur Rajjak and his accomplice (Source-Daily Samakal)

On August 3, 2023, Farhana Akhtar Chumki, a woman in Dinajpur's Ghodaghat Upazila, was
allegedly murdered in a planned killing orchestrated by her second husband, former Upazila
Chairman Abdur Rajjak. The motive behind the murder was said to be the social and family
dishonor resulting from their planned marriage. Abdur Rajjak, along with two accomplices, has
been arrested. Chumki's body was discovered after she went missing, leading to a murder case
filed by her father. The arrests were made with the help of technology, and the suspects have
been sent to court.98
On 5 September, 2023, In Gazaria, Munshiganj, a 71-year-old woman, Rahima Khatoon,
accuses her two daughters-in-law of assaulting her by pouring hot gravy on her body. The
incident occurred due to disputes over the daughters-in-law's involvement in illegal activities
like gambling. Rahima, who objected to these activities, was allegedly forcibly made to sleep on
the floor and later physically assaulted. She sustained injuries to various body parts. After five
days of medical care, Rahima was discharged, but her condition remains weak. The Gazaria
Police Station has received a written complaint, and appropriate action is expected to be taken. 99

On October 1, 2023, the incident took place in Goforgaon, Mymensingh, where a pregnant
woman named Marjina Khatun (33) was allegedly attacked and killed during a family dispute.
The family accuses her husband, in-laws, and sister-in-law of assaulting her, leading to her
death. Marjina succumbed to her injuries while undergoing treatment at Mymensingh Medical
College Hospital. The family had been facing issues since Marjina's marriage, and a recent

98
Daily Samakal, “সম্মানহানি হওয়ায় স্ত্রীকে হত্যা সাবেক চেয়ারম্যানের,” July 1, 2023,
https://samakal.com/whole-country/article/2308187418/স.
99
Daily Naya Diganta, “শাশুড়ির গায়ে গরম তরকারি ঢেলে দুই পুত্রবধূর নির্যাতন,” September ,
https://www.dailyjanakantha.com/bangladesh/news/697873.

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dispute escalated into a physical altercation, resulting in her tragic death. The family is seeking
justice, and the police are conducting investigations based on the verbal complaint received. 100

Photo-Wounded Akhirun Nessa (Source-Daily Inqilab)

On November 3, 2023, Akhirun Nessa, an elderly widow in Harishpur, Jhinaidah, suffers
horrendous abuse at the hands of her sons. Despite once caring for them, she now faces neglect
and violence. Her youngest son, Manowar Hossain Mondal, allegedly beats her for food and
coerces her into transferring land to his name. This mistreatment exacerbates her already fragile
health, leaving her battered and bloodied. Local authorities intervene, but the scars of abuse
remain deep. This disturbing incident highlights the urgent need for societal protection of
vulnerable individuals like Akhirun Nessa, ensuring their safety and well-being. It underscores
the importance of holding perpetrators accountable and providing support for victims of
domestic violence and elder abuse. Such acts of cruelty must not be tolerated, and steps must be
taken to prevent similar tragedies in the future.101

On December 23, 2023, Anabil Ihsan, an assistant professor in the music department at
Chittagong University, is accused of assaulting his wife, Nishat Jahan, following allegations of
an extramarital affair with a student known as a Baul practitioner on campus. The incident
allegedly involved physical abuse, including pouring hot water on Nishat's hand alongside
allegations of mental torture. Nishat has filed a case under the Women and Children Repression
Prevention Act in the Chittagong court. The case also includes Anabil's mother, Sharifa Akhtar
(53), and father, Abdul Khalek Biswas (60), as defendants. The court has directed the Hathazari
Police Station for investigation. Nishat, a resident of Jamalpur district, is the daughter of SM
Nazrul Islam of Arambagh in the Sadar Thana. It is reported that Anabil and Nishat were
married in 2019. Despite being married, Anabil allegedly maintained illicit relationships with
various women, including students. Nishat discovered messages exchanged between Anabil and
another woman, prompting her to confront him, leading to the alleged assault. Anabil demanded
Tk. 2 million in dowry from Nishat's family. Nishat accused Anabil of mental torture, stating
that he was upset over her protests against his alleged extramarital affairs. Anabil, however,

100
Daily Kaler Kantho, “গফরগাঁওয়ে গর্ভবতী নারীকে হত্যার অভিযোগ,” October 1, 2023,
https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/10/01/1322922.
101
Daily Inqilab, “শতবর্ষী মাকে ভাত খেতে চাওয়ায় মেরে রক্তাক্ত করলো সন্তান!,” November 3,
2023, https://dailyinqilab.com/bangladesh/news/614454.

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denies the allegations, claiming that Nishat's accusations are baseless and fabricated due to their
divorce. He alleges that Nishat filed false charges against him out of spite.102

Attack on Journalists
The cornerstone of any democratic society is the freedom of the press, essential for transparency
and accountability. In Bangladesh, while constitutional and legal provisions exist to safeguard
journalists, the reality paints a different picture, with frequent instances of harassment,
intimidation, and violence against them. The year 2023 witnessed a surge in such attacks, raising
serious concerns regarding press freedom in the nation. Although enshrined in the Bangladeshi
constitution, the freedom of speech and expression, including press freedom, faces practical
challenges. Despite protective laws, journalists grapple with arbitrary detention, physical

Daily Manabzamin, “পরকীয়ায় বাধা দেয়ায় চবি শিক্ষকের বিরুদ্ধে স্ত্রীকে নির্যাতনের
102

অভিযোগ,” December 24, 2023, https://mzamin.com/news.php?news=89735.

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assaults, and censorship. The Digital Security Act (DSA) has notably been wielded against
government critics in the media, fostering self-censorship and instilling fear.

The repercussions of these attacks extend across Bangladesh. A compromised press deprives the
public of reliable information and leaves governance unchecked. Moreover, the assaults instill a
climate of fear among media professionals, deterring them from covering sensitive topics or
challenging governmental actions. The chart below presents data on the total number of
journalist attacks.

Arrested (11)

Killed (2) Threatened (26)

Total Incidendts (194)

Injured (186)

Assulted (86)

Figure 14: Attack on Journalists

The data on attacks on journalists in 2023 highlights a troubling trend of violence and
intimidation against media professionals in Bangladesh. The first chart reveals the breakdown of
these incidents: out of a total of 194 incidents, 2 journalists were killed, 11 were arrested, 26
were threatened, 186 were injured, and 86 were assaulted. These figures underscore the perilous
conditions journalists face while attempting to report on critical issues.

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Attack on Journalists
30
26
25 24
21
20
20 19
16
15 14 14
13
11
10 9
7

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Figure 15: Monthly Comparison of Attacks on Journalists in 2023

The above chart offers a monthly comparison of these attacks, with notable spikes in certain
months. The highest number of incidents occurred in December, with 26 attacks, followed by
September with 24 incidents. These spikes suggest periods of intensified aggression towards
journalists, likely linked to political events and crackdowns on dissent. The political climate in
Bangladesh in 2023 was marked by significant unrest and government efforts to suppress
opposition, contributing to these fluctuations in violence against journalists.

In January, 11 attacks were reported, which then rose to 21 in February and remained relatively
high with 20 incidents in March. April saw a slight decrease with 16 incidents, while May and
June reported 14 each. July experienced a dip to 7 incidents, the lowest for the year, indicating a
brief period of reduced hostility. However, the number surged again in August with 24
incidents, correlating with heightened political tensions and protests. The trend of violence
continued in subsequent months, with 13 incidents in October and 19 in November, leading to
the peak in December. This pattern suggests a direct correlation between political events and the
safety of journalists, reflecting the broader issues of press freedom and human rights in
Bangladesh.

The consistent and high numbers of injuries (186) indicate that physical assaults are a common
method used to intimidate journalists, while the arrests (11) and threats (26) show legal and
psychological tactics to silence critical voices.

Selected cases are as described below:

On August 27, 2023, Seven journalists, including members of the Bangladesh Federal
Journalists Union (BFUJ), were assaulted and harassed while collecting news about a ragging
incident at the Sher-e-Bangla Medical College hostel in Barishal. BFUJ President M. Abdullah
and Secretary General Nurul Amin Rokon strongly condemned the attack, emphasizing that
journalists and medical professionals usually work together as allies. The incident occurred
when journalists attempted to interview two students who were victims of ragging at the college.

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The journalists were attacked by some teachers, and their professional duties were obstructed.
The BFUJ leaders demanded immediate legal action against those involved in the assault.
Additionally, two teachers directly implicated in the incident should face legal consequences to
ensure justice. The BFUJ expressed concern over the violence and emphasized the importance
of protecting journalists and their ability to perform their duties. Leaders from the BFUJ,
including Aizad Alauddin and M. Hafizur Rahman Hira, called for exemplary punishment for
the assailants.103

Photo- A Journalist is being threatened by the authority (Source- Daily Jugantar)

On August 27, 2023, In Barisal Sher-e-Bangla Medical College, journalists were attacked while
covering the ragging incident of a third-year female student. The attack occurred in the college
principal's office, involving the hostel superintendent and two doctors. The victim's family
denies the college's claim that she is mentally disturbed. During the incident, journalists,
including Channel Twenty-Four staff, faced verbal and physical abuse. The college
administration apologized, citing misunderstandings, and a committee will investigate. This
incident has sparked concern among journalists and media personnel in Barisal, raising
questions about the safety of journalists covering such events. The Deputy Commissioner of
Barisal Metropolitan Police mentioned that both parties have reconciled.104

On 23 September, 2023, Jhenidah journalist Saddam Hossain, 25, from Channel-24, was
assaulted by two locals in Garaganj Bazar following a dispute over a GD filing. The incident
occurred around 10:00 pm in Shailakupa upazila. Saddam, previously targeted with derogatory
remarks on Facebook in 2022, had filed a GD leading to the recent detention of one attacker,
Biplob Hossain, 23. On Thursday night, Biplob and his uncle, Feroz Hossain, 35, allegedly
attacked Saddam in retaliation. Saddam has filed a case against them, both affiliated with the
ruling party. The local journalists in Jhenidah have condemned the assault, urging the immediate
arrest of the attackers.105

103
Daily Naya Diganta, “বরিশালে ৭ সাংবাদিকের ওপর হামলার নিন্দা ও প্রতিবাদ,” August 27, 2023,
https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/organization/772894/ব.
104
Daily Jugantor, “র‌্যাগিংয়ের শিকার ছাত্রী, মার খেলেন সংবাদকর্মীরা,” 2023, August ,
https://www.jugantor.com/tp-lastpage/711123.
105
Dhaka Tribune, “Journalist Assaulted in Jhenaidah,” September 22, 2023,
https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/nation/326062/journalist-assaulted-in-jhenaidah.

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Photo- violence on the road (Source-The Daily Star )

On October 29, 2023, at least 17 journalists were injured in clashes in the capital, Dhaka, during
political rallies. Several of them were reportedly attacked by supporters of the Bangladesh
Nationalist Party (BNP). The incidents involved assaults, destruction of equipment, and arson.
Journalists from various media outlets, including Kalbela, Ittefaq Online, Bangla Tribune,
Ekushey TV, and others, were targeted while covering clashes between political groups. The
attacks occurred near the BNP's rally venue and other locations in Dhaka. Journalists sustained
injuries, with some requiring hospitalization. BNP Secretary General Mirza Fakhrul Islam
Alamgir condemned the attacks, and both the Jatiya Press Club and a faction of the Bangladesh
Federal Union of Journalists denounced the violence against journalists in separate statements. 106

Photo: Deceased Rafiq Bhuiyan (Sorce: Samakal).

On October 29, 2023, surrounded by clashes related to the BNP's grand rally in Nayapaltan and
its surrounding areas yesterday, journalist Rafiq Bhuiyan, a former executive member of the
Bangladesh Federal Union of Journalists (BFUJ) and a member of the National Press Club,
succumbed to injuries caused by the police's use of tear gas. On Saturday afternoon, while
heading to the press club for personal work from his residence in Madartek by rickshaw, he
ended up in the middle of clashes between BNP activists and the police near the old building of
the National Board of Revenue in Segunbagicha. During the conflict, his rickshaw overturned,
throwing him onto the road. Later, when taken to Baridhara Hospital, doctors reported extensive
internal bleeding due to a severe head injury. In critical condition, he passed away during

106
The Daily Star, “At Least 17 Journos Hurt,” October 29, 2023.

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treatment. The President of the Press Club, Farida Yasmin, and the Editor Shyamal Dutta
expressed deep sorrow over Rafiq Bhuiyan's demise.107

On November 6, 2023, A journalist in Shripur, Gazipur, was viciously attacked while on duty,
with attempts made to suffocate him. His colleagues rushed him to the Upazila Health Complex
for treatment. The incident occurred on Sunday morning. The journalist, Ratul Mondal, filed a
complaint against two unidentified individuals and named three to four others involved. The
accused, Mohammad Nazmul Hasan Sharif and his father, along with accomplices, assaulted
him and stole cash, his mobile phone, and press credentials. The police have received the
complaint and assured an investigation.108

On December 1, 2023, In Chittagong, Mustafizur Rahman Chowdhury, the Awami League

candidate elected for the Banshkhali constituency, allegedly assaulted journalists upon
submitting his nomination papers. He is accused of physically attacking correspondent Rakib
Uddin and using vulgar language. Legal action has been initiated against Mustafizur for
violating electoral conduct regulations. The incident occurred yesterday morning outside the
Returning Officer's office. Reportedly, a large group of supporters accompanied Mustafizur to
the office. When questioned about possible electoral misconduct, he directed aggression towards
journalist Rakib Uddin, allegedly assaulting him. Microphones were damaged during the
altercation, which also affected an Independent Television cameraperson. Journalists present at
the scene were also reportedly harassed by Mustafizur's supporters. Journalists informed the
District Returning Officer (Deputy Commissioner, Chittagong) about the incident, urging him to
investigate. The District Returning Officer, Abu Baser Mohammad Fakhruzzaman, assured the
journalists of addressing the matter promptly. Rakib Uddin, the journalist involved, stated that
Mustafizur had allegedly attacked him and damaged his microphone. Consequently, legal action
has been initiated against Mustafizur for his alleged involvement in the assault. Yesterday
evening, the Chairperson of the Election Inquiry and Control Committee for 'Pre-Election
Irregularities' in Constituency-16, Chittagong, District Judge Abu Salem Mohammad Noman,
summoned Mustafizur to explain the incident. Additionally, the Second Court's bailiff, M.
Shahab Uddin, mentioned that three journalists had been detained by the committee chairperson.
Later, Mustafizur was ordered to appear in court to provide his statement.109

107
The Daily Samakal, “সেগুনবাগিচায় সংঘর্ষে আহত সাংবাদিক মারা গেছেন,” October 29, 2023,
https://samakal.com/bangladesh/article/2310204649/সে.
108
Kaler Kantho, “শ্রীপুরে পেশাগত দায়িত্ব পালনকালে সাংবাদিককে মারধর,” November 6, 2023,
https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/11/06/1333539.
109
Daily Manab Zamin, “চট্টগ্রামে সাংবাদিককে ঘুষি মারলেন নৌকার প্রার্থী ক্যামেরা-
মাইক্রোফোন ভাঙচুর,” December 1, 2023, https://mzamin.com/news.php?news=86123.

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Photo- Injured Journalist Nazim Uddin Khokon (Source-Prothom Alo)

On December 11, 2023, In Companiganj, Noakhali, journalist Nazim Uddin, also known as
Khokon, was reportedly assaulted by supporters of an Awami League leader. They handed him
over to the local police along with two liters of homemade alcohol, alleging a drug offense.
Nazim, a correspondent for the daily Manabjomin, was attacked last night and subsequently
treated at the Upazila Health Complex before being taken into police custody and sent to court.
The plaintiff in the drug-related case is identified as Sharif Ullah, known as Abul Kalam, a
supporter of the local Awami League leadership. Nazim's reporting on the controversial "Helmet
Brigade" in Companiganj is speculated as the motive behind the assault. Efforts to reach local
Awami League leaders for comment were unsuccessful. Pranab Chowdhury, the officer-in-
charge of Companiganj Police Station, confirmed Nazim's admission to the hospital under
police custody following the incident.110

Digital/Cyber Security Act

110
The Daily Prothom Alo, “সাংবাদিককে পিটিয়ে মদসহ পুলিশে দিলেন আ.লীগের কর্মীরা,” December
11, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/wlifggqb1k.

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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

The fundamental human right to freedom of expression, upheld by international treaties, is vital
for democratic societies. However, in Bangladesh, the Digital Security Act (DSA) has been
weaponized to suppress this right and silence dissenting voices. The year 2023 marked a
troubling surge in the DSA's use to target individuals and groups exercising free speech.
Criticized since its 2018 inception, the DSA's ambiguous provisions enable arbitrary curtailment
of expression. It permits arrests and charges for government criticism based on weak evidence.
Moreover, it grants authorities sweeping powers to surveil digital communications, including
those of journalists and rights advocates.

The impact of the DSA on expression in Bangladesh has been dire. Journalists, bloggers, and
activists critical of the government face intimidation, harassment, and arrest. Media outlets are
shuttered, and social platforms censored or blocked. The DSA's chilling effect fosters self-
censorship, stifling online discourse. This state of affairs undermines democratic principles and
human rights obligations. Lack of accountability and transparency in DSA enforcement
cultivates fear and hampers progress. Addressing these concerns is paramount for Bangladesh's
development and democratic integrity.

Case Filed 58 Total Incidents 58

Accused Persons
Arrested 60
188

Figure 16: Statistics of Arrest in Digital/Cyber Security Act

The data on arrests under the Digital/Cyber Security Act in 2023 reveals a total of 58 incidents,
with 58 cases filed and 60 arrests made, implicating 188 accused persons. This indicates that
nearly every reported incident results in an arrest, reflecting a stringent enforcement approach.
The high number of accused individuals suggests mass accusations or group-related charges,
raising concerns about the potential misuse of this legislation to suppress dissent and limit
freedom of expression in digital spaces. The correlation between the number of cases filed and
arrests made points to the aggressive application of the act, which has significant implications
for civil liberties in Bangladesh.

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Cases filed under Cyber Security Act

14
12
12

10
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Figure 17: Monthly comparison of Case Filed in the Digital/Cyber Security Act

Figure 17 illustrates the monthly distribution of cases filed under the Cyber Security Act in
2023. The data reveals that March experienced the highest number of cases, with 12 reported
incidents, indicating a significant surge in cyber-related offenses or enforcement during that
month. July followed with 8 cases, suggesting another peak period. January, February, and
October each had 6 cases, demonstrating consistent activity in these months. In contrast, April
and November saw a notable decline, with only 3 cases each, while December recorded the
lowest with 2 cases. This variation suggests fluctuating enforcement or reporting trends
throughout the year, highlighting periods of intensified focus on cyber security issues. This
suggests that the Cyber Security Act of Bangladesh continues to be used to target dissidents and
limit freedom of the press.

Some important cases are stated below:

On January 20, 2023, Police have arrested four senior bankers, including three officials from
Islami Bank, in connection with a case involving the defamation of owners of Chattogram-based
S Alam Group through plastering posters and social media posts. The arrested individuals
include Islami Bank's executive vice-presidents Sayeed Ullah and Shahidullah Majumder,
Habibur Rahman from the bank's security department, and Mosharraf Hossain, a former deputy
managing director of Islami Bank currently working at Social Islami Bank. The arrests were
made in various locations in the capital. The accused are alleged to have spread false
information about Islami Bank, attempting to destabilize the country's financial sector. They are
associated with Jamaat-e-Islami and Islami Chhatra Shibir. The case, filed under the Digital
Security Act, involves defamation posters found in Gulshan-1, leading to the arrest of several
individuals earlier. S Alam Group, a major conglomerate, has been under scrutiny for allegedly
borrowing over Tk 30,000 crore from Islami Bank, prompting a High Court investigation.111

111
The Daily Star, “DB Arrests 4 Senior Bankers over Defaming S Alam Owners,” January 19, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/db-arrests-4-senior-bankers-over-defaming-s-
alam-owners-3225436.

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On January 22, Under the Digital Security Act, a case has been filed against two journalists,
Rayhan Ferdous from Jamuna Television and a reporter named Titu, along with Jhalokathi
Municipality Councilor M. Shahidul Islam Titu, in Nalchiti. The case was filed based on false
allegations reported by Nalchiti Municipality Council against them. The Cyber Tribunal in
Barishal initiated the case on January 1 after panel Mayor-2 Abdullah Al Mamun Lovelu filed it.
The court directed the OC of Nalchiti Police Station to investigate and submit a report. The
investigation has commenced, according to OC Md. Ataur Rahman. The case involves false
accusations made by Nalchiti Municipality Council against the journalists for spreading
misinformation through a program called "360 Degrees" on Jamuna Television. Additionally, a
local journalist from Nalchiti has been implicated for sharing false information against the
municipality on Facebook. Councilor M. Shahidul Islam Titu and Nalchiti Mayor Abdur Wahed
Khan have asserted that the allegations are entirely false, and the case is an attempt to tarnish
their reputations. The journalists maintain that they have accurate information, and the case is
based on false reports aired by Jamuna Television and shared on social media, violating the
Digital Security Act. The accused journalists and individuals claim that the case is an attempt to
defame them and that they will submit a report to comply with the court's directive.112

Photo: Accused Poritosh (Soource: Samakal)

On February 8, 2023, In the case of religious blasphemy on Facebook in Pirganj, Rangpur, the
Cyber Tribunal has sentenced the accused to 11 years of imprisonment and imposed a fine of
10,000 BDT. The verdict was announced by Dr. Abdul Majid, the judge of Rangpur Cyber
Tribunal, on Wednesday. The accused faced charges of offending religious sentiments on
Facebook in the Ramnathpur Union of Pirganj Upazila in Rangpur. The government prosecutor,
Ruhul Amin Talukdar, stated that the accused was proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt of
causing harm in religious sentiment. The court imposed a total of 11 years of imprisonment,
varying from one to five years for different charges, and a fine of 10,000 BDT. The maximum
sentence to be served is five years. The defense lawyer, Shamim Al Mamun, expressed
dissatisfaction with the verdict, stating that they would appeal to the High Court. The case is
part of a series of legal actions against multiple individuals involved in incidents of arson,
looting, and attacks on Hindu households in the aftermath of an alleged blasphemy incident in
112
Daily Kaler Kantho, “দুই সাংবাদিক, পৌর কাউন্সিলরসহ ৪ জনের বিরুদ্ধে ডিজিটালে মামলা,”
January 22, 2023, https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/01/22/1234121.

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Rangpur. The accused filed complaints under the Digital Security Act, leading to legal
proceedings in multiple cases.113

On February 8, 2023, A case has been filed under the Digital Security Act against Jhalokathi
Sadar Upazila Parishad Vice Chairman, Sujon Moain Talukdar, Secretary of Jhalokathi district,
Awami League leader Khasru Noman, and two journalists from Asian TV, along with six others.
The case revolves around a news report aired on Asian TV's program "Asian Search," covering
the Eco-Park initiative in the Mohona of the five rivers in Jhalokathi. Mayor Liakat Ali
Talukdar's son, Shafikul Islam Titu, filed the case at Barishal Cyber Tribunal. The accusations
include spreading false, misleading, and defamatory news on Asian TV, portraying distorted
images of the Eco-Park initiative. The tribunal judge, Golam Faruk Nalishi, accepted the case
and directed the Officer-in-Charge of Jhalokathi Police Station to investigate and submit a
report. The accused include Sujon Moain Talukdar, Khasru Noman, Asian TV reporters Robiul
Islam and Shamim Hossen, and others associated with the Eco-Park and environmental
activism.mIn response, the lawyers for the accused mentioned that they would contest the case
legally and go through the due legal process. Moain Talukdar clarified that there is no
opposition from him or his organization towards Mayor Liakat Ali Talukdar. He highlighted that
the case was filed due to their efforts against the one-sided lease of 90 acres of land by the
Mayor and his son from the court. This case signifies a legal battle over media coverage related
to environmental initiatives in Jhalokathi.114

Photo: Accused Mahiya Mahi (Source: Prothom Alo)

On March 18, 2023, A violent incident occurred at the car showroom of businessperson and
Awami League leader Rokibul Sarwar, husband of actress Mahiya Mahi. Mahi live-streamed the
attack on her Facebook page, alleging assault and vandalism. She also accused the police of
attempting to forcefully take over their property. Following the incident, Mahi filed a case under
the Digital Security Act against the couple. The Gazipur Metropolitan Police initiated an
investigation, leading to the filing of charges against Rokibul Sarwar and Mahiya Mahi for
spreading false, provocative, and defamatory information. The couple is currently residing in
Saudi Arabia. Rokibul Sarwar has called for a press conference at the showroom, emphasizing

113
The Daily Samakal, “সেই পরিতোষ সরকারের ১১ বছর কারাদণ্ড,” February 8, 2023,
https://samakal.com/whole-country/article/2302155804/ফে.
114
Daily Jugantor, “ভাইস চেয়ারম্যান আ.লীগ নেতাসহ ৯ জনের নামে ডিজিটাল আইনে মামলা,” February 8,
2023, https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/643126.

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his intention to return to the country. In a separate incident, Mahi accused the police of
demanding a bribe to avoid land seizure. The police have denied the allegations, and an
investigation into the showroom attack is ongoing.115

Photo: Journalist Shamsujjaman (Source: Prothom Alo)

On March 30, 2023, Shamsujjaman, a correspondent for Prothom Alo in Savar, Bangladesh,
faces a case under the Digital Security Act filed by Syed M. Golam Kibria. The complaint
alleges that Shamsujjaman published a misleading news article about a child named Jakir
Hossen, causing a negative impact nationally and internationally. Golam Kibria claims the
report created a false image of the country and questioned the government's credibility. The
article was later corrected, acknowledging the misrepresentation of Jakir Hossen. Shamsujjaman
has been summoned by the Criminal Investigation Department, but there is no confirmation of
his arrest yet.116

115
Prothom Alo, “ডিজিটাল নিরাপত্তা আইনে চিত্রনায়িকা মাহিয়া ও তাঁর স্বামীর নামে পুলিশের
মামলা,” March 18, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/tnc1m2cjkq.
116
Daily Prothom Alo, “সাংবাদিক শামসুজ্জামানের বিরুদ্ধে ডিজিটাল নিরাপত্তা আইনে মামলা |
প্রথম আলো,” March 29, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/zd14ky7390.

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Photo: Arrested Majharul Islam Safik (Source: Kaler Kantho)

On April 4, 2023, Police have arrested Majharul Islam Safik, the General Secretary of BNP's
Haymchar Upazila unit, in Chandpur. Additional Police Superintendent Sudipta Ray, in charge
of administration and finance, confirmed the arrest, stating that Safik has been detained based on
allegations of making controversial remarks against Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on Facebook.
The arrest follows the preparation of a case against him for the same reason. This action comes
after Safik was already detained on Monday evening from the Algibazar area of Haymchar
Upazila. According to Ashraf Uddin, Officer-in-Charge of Haymchar Police Station, Safik made
objectionable comments against Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in a Facebook post from his
personal account, leading to his arrest. The police are currently investigating the matter, and as
of Monday night, no charges had been formally filed against him.117

On May 23, 2023, Gaibandha police have arrested six leaders and activists from student and
youth organizations, followed by a case under the Digital Security Act. The Assistant Inspector
General (AIG) of Gaibandha Sadar Police, Mr. Golam Azam Badi, is overseeing the case. The
arrest operation took place on Monday night at their residences. The detained leaders include M.
Tarekuzzaman Tarek, General Secretary of Gaibandha District Student Union, Imam Hossen
Dulal, Joint Vice-President of the District Student Union, M. Mirajuzzaman, Joint General
Secretary of the District Student Union, M. Imam Hasan Alal, Coordinator of Sadar Thana
Chhatra Dal, Shafiqul Islam, Senior Joint Secretary of the District Youth Union, and M. Kenan
Hakkani, Youth Leader and son of Basinda M. Hunan Hakkani. The charges involve
propaganda against Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, attempts to diminish the state's image, assault on
religious values and sentiments, and involvement in crimes against law and discipline related to
providing assistance. The case has been confirmed by the Officer-in-Charge (OC) of Gaibandha
Sadar Thana, Mr. Masudur Rahman, who mentioned that the arrested individuals have been sent
to jail through the court.118

On June 20, 2023, 2023, Jubo League leader Md Ariful Islam from Chattogram's Rangunia
upazila has filed a case under the Digital Security Act against eight individuals, including
Nazmus Saquib, who runs the YouTube channel "Nagorik TV" The accused are charged with
creating and circulating "fake, baseless, and defamatory information" against Information
Minister Dr Hasan Mahmud. The case includes those who liked, shared, and commented on the
video. Ariful Islam, the plaintiff, mentioned that many workers from Awami League, Jubo
League, and BCL were disheartened by false statements, leading to the case filed under the
Digital Security Act. Police have initiated an investigation into the matter. 119

117
Daily Kaler Kantho, “প্রধানমন্ত্রীকে নিয়ে আপত্তিকর মন্তব্য, বিএনপি নেতা আটক,” April 4,
2023, https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/04/04/1267792.
118
Samakal, “ডিজিটাল নিরাপত্তা আইনের মামলায় ছাত্রদল-যুবদলের ৬ নেতাকর্মী গ্রেপ্তার,”
May 23, 2023, https://samakal.com/whole-country/article/2305174215.
119
The Daily Star, “8 Sued under DSA in Ctg for ‘defaming’ Info Minister,” June 19, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/8-sued-under-dsa-ctg-defaming-info-minister-
3350456.

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On June 21, 2023, Journalist Nazmus Saquib of "Nagorik TV," was sued for creating and
sharing a "fake, baseless, and defamatory" video about Information Minister Hasan Mahmud on
YouTube and Facebook. Emrul Karim, the minister's personal assistant, filed the case with
Chattogram Divisional Cyber Tribunal. The accused, also charged are those who liked, shared,
and commented on the video. Tribunal Judge Jahirul Kabir ordered the counter-terrorism unit of
Chattogram Metropolitan Police to investigate and submit a report. The court also instructed
relevant authorities to take steps for content removal from Facebook and YouTube. This is the
second case filed against the accused, following a similar case filed earlier by another
individual.120

Photo: Nazmus Sakib in left and Emdadul Haque (Source: Daily Star)

On July 31, 2023, Editor Nazmus Sakib and reporter Emdadul Haque are facing a lawsuit under
the Digital Security Act in Savar. The case, filed by Shahinur Islam, alleges that on July 27,
Dainik Fulki published a fabricated report titled “Asia’s longest-serving prime minister is finally
resigning,” accompanied by a photo of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. Shahinur, claiming to be
a reporter of a national daily named Amar Somoy, accuses the publication of tarnishing the
media's image. Officer-in-charge Dipak Chandra Saha of Savar Model Police Station stated that
police are investigating the matter. Emdadul, now a correspondent for Amader Notun Somoy,
clarified that he left Fulki four years ago and should not be held accountable for its content.
Nazmus Sakib explained that the report was about the resignation of the Cambodian prime
minister, and Hasina’s photo was included by mistake. Fulki issued a corrigendum and apology
on July 28. Sakib expressed concern over the use of the Digital Security Act for what he
believes was an unintentional error, fearing it may stifle journalism. 121
On August 25, 2023, When National Mourning Day on August 15, a clash occurred between
supporters of the ruling party and the opposition during a ceremony where floral tributes were
being offered to the portrait of the founding father, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.

120
The Daily Star, “Eight Sued under DSA for ‘Defaming’ Info Minister,” June 20, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/8-sued-under-dsa-ctg-defaming-info-minister-
3350456.
121
The Daily Star, “Two Journos Sued under DSA in Savar,” July 30, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/two-journos-sued-under-dsa-savar-3382276.

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Following the publication of this news and its dissemination through social media, allegations of
defamation were brought against two journalists in Barishal district, Bamonah Upazila. The
Cyber Tribunal in Barisal is handling the case, and the complainant is Saiful Islam Sarwar, the
president of Bamonah Jubo League. The accused journalists are Uddeen Uddin, publisher and
editor of Daily Sagarika, and Mahmudul Hasan Ashik, a reporter for the same newspaper and a
representative of Daily Jugantor in Bamonah. The tribunal directed the Officer-in-Charge (OC)
of Bamonah Police Station to investigate the allegations. The main plaintiff, Moshiur Rahman
Neser Uddin, stated that false charges have been filed against them, and the incident involving a
clash did not occur as claimed. The Cyber Tribunal in Barisal is currently investigating the
matter.122

Photo: Asadul Habib dulu (Source: Manab Zamin)

On September 9, 2023, BNP leader Asadul Habib Dulu has been accused under the Digital
Security Act for making derogatory remarks about Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in
Lalmonirhat. The complaint was filed by Advocate Rakibul Hasan Khan, a former law affairs
editor of Lalmonirhat district and the Awami League's former law affairs secretary, at
Lalmonirhat Sadar Police Station on Saturday morning. According to the complaint, Dulu made
disparaging comments about Bangabandhu during a workers' meeting organized by Lalmonirhat
Sadar Upazila BNP at Khuniyagach Union BNP office on September 6. Omar Faruk, Officer-in-
Charge of Lalmonirhat Sadar Police Station, confirmed the information to the concerned
authorities on Saturday morning. If the court accepts the complaint, legal action will be taken by
the police under the law. 123
122
Daily Prothom Alo, “বামনার দুই সাংবাদিকের বিরুদ্ধে ডিজিটাল নিরাপত্তা আইনে যুবলীগ
নেতার মামলা,” August 24, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/duk3ezderq.
123
Daily Manab Zamin, “লালমনিরহাটে বিএনপি নেতার বিরুদ্ধে ডিজিটাল নিরাপত্তা আইনে
অভিযোগ,” September 9, 2023, https://mzamin.com/news.php?news=73206.

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Photo: Accused Atif Mahmud (source: Prothom Alo)

On October 8, 2023, an expatriate, Atif Mahmud, wsa victim of a defamation case filed for
saying against Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and Minister Obaidul Quader on Facebook,
accusing him of spreading various rumors, defamatory comments, and false information against
them and the Awami League. The case was registered at the Rangpur Cyber Tribunal. Atif
Mahmud, resides in the United States. Sheikh Rohit Hasan, a former Awami League activist,
responded, stating that there is a deliberate campaign to tarnish Bangabandhu's daughter's
reputation and suggested consequences for continued defamation against the Prime Minister. 124

On November 28, 2023, A young man named Faruk Hossen, aged 34, from Ramganj in
Lakshmipur, has been sentenced to three years in prison and fined Tk 10,000 for posting critical
images of government ministers, including the Prime Minister, on Facebook and TikTok. The
judgment was delivered today by Judge Mohammad Rahibul Islam of the District and Sessions
Judge's Court in Lakshmipur. Faruk, accused of creating and sharing critical content about
senior leaders, was found guilty under the Digital Security Act. Despite being absent during the
court proceedings, he faces charges filed by Nazrul Islam, a member of the Chandipur Union
Awami League. The case, which began with Faruk's arrest in March following public outcry,
concluded after a thorough investigation and witness testimonies, resulting in the court's
verdict.125

124
The Daily Prothom Alo, “প্রধানমন্ত্রীকে নিয়ে কটূক্তি, প্রবাসীর বিরুদ্ধে রংপুর সাইবার
ট্রাইব্যুনাল আদালতে মামলা,” October 8, 2023,
https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/wcm0ps0ql1.
125
Kaler Kantho, “ফেসবুক-টিকটকে প্রধানমন্ত্রীকে কটূক্তি : যুবকের ৩ বছরের কারাদণ্ড,”
November 28, 2023, https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/11/28/1340551.

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Attack on Minorities
Protecting minority rights is fundamental in the global human rights framework, ensuring all
individuals receive equal rights regardless of ethnicity, religion, or beliefs. Despite Bangladesh's
participation in international treaties like the International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, minorities
face discrimination and violence. The year 2023 witnessed numerous attacks on minority groups
such as Hindus, Buddhists, and Christians, ranging from mob violence to property destruction.
These actions not only violate minority rights but also threaten Bangladesh's pluralistic society.
Ensuring minority safety is crucial not only for fulfilling international obligations but also for
preserving Bangladesh's reputation. The international community's condemnation of these
incidents underscores the country's obligation to human rights principles. Failure to address
these issues risks tarnishing Bangladesh's image and undermines its commitment to human
rights.

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In 2023, Bangladesh witnessed a series of attacks targeting religious minorities, exacerbating

tensions and raising concerns about communal violence. The attacks included incidents such as
the damaging of temples, killing of a Buddhist monk, and assaults on members of minority
communities like the Bauls. These attacks, often fueled by rumors and online misinformation,
have been linked to attempts to grab land belonging to minorities, adding a dimension of
economic rivalry to the violence. The situation has been further complicated by the rise of
transnational ideologies, such as Hindutva from India, which have influenced perceptions and
actions towards minorities in Bangladesh. The government's response, including monitoring
mosques for provocative messaging and detaining individuals on false blasphemy charges, has
been criticized for inadequately protecting minority rights. Efforts to address these challenges
require a society-wide solution to ensure the safety and well-being of religious minorities in
Bangladesh amidst ongoing communal tensions and violence.

Attack on Minority
Land Grabbing 4

Business Attack
30
House Attack

Temple Attack 17 126

Idol vandalised
31
killed 1

Injured

Incidents
27 103
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140

Figure 18: Statistics of Attacks on Minority

This chart highlights the concerning prevalence of attacks against minorities in Bangladesh
during 2023. House attacks (126) were the most frequent, followed by business attacks (30) and
land grabbing (4). Notably, idol vandalism (31 incidents) occurred more often than killings (1)
and injuries (130). This suggests potential religious motives and a focus on intimidation through
property damage and violence, rather than solely lethal attacks.

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Photo-Vendalized Mandir (Source-Prothom Alo)

On February 7, 2023, Unidentified criminals targeted 12 temples in Thakurgaon’s Baliadangi

upazila, desecrating 14 idols of Hindu deities, including goddess Laxmi and lord Krishna. The
incidents occurred between Saturday night and early Sunday morning in Shindurpindi,
Collegepara, Kamatpara, and Shahbajpur areas. Locals like Dulal Chandra Singha and Shamvu
Ram Singha discovered the vandalized idols, expressing shock at the quietness of the criminals
during the act. Tapon Kumar Ghosh, the general secretary of Bangladesh Puja Udjapan
Parishad’s Thakurgaon chapter, condemned the act, stating it was intended to intimidate the
local Hindu community. MP Md Dabirul Islam emphasized the long-standing communal
harmony in the area and urged law enforcers to swiftly apprehend the perpetrators. The deputy
commissioner and superintendent of police visited the sites, assuring prompt action. A case has
been filed against unnamed criminals at Baliadangi Police Station, and efforts are underway to
trace them. 126

Daily Prothom Alo, “বালিয়াডাঙ্গীতে এক রাতে ১২ মন্দিরের ১৪টি প্রতিমা ভাঙচুর,” February 5,
126

2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/51kdct0jr7.

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Photo- Attack on Ahmediyya Community (Source- New Age)

On March 2, 2023, Tensions escalated in Panchagarh as clashes erupted between Islamists and
police over a religious event of the Ahmadiyya community. The violence resulted in two deaths
and left dozens injured, including law enforcement officers. Islamists, opposing the Ahmadiyya
Jalsa scheduled for Friday, attacked Ahmadiyya villagers, looting, vandalizing, and assaulting
them. The clash, which started after the Juma prayer, led to the deployment of Border Guard
Bangladesh and Rapid Action Battalion. The district administration postponed the three-day
Jalsa following the unrest. The situation remains tense, with authorities working to restore
calm.127

ON July 21, 2023, Recent events in Sarail, Brahmanbaria, have brought to light accusations of
vandalism within the local community. Reports indicate that the Durga temple located in
Niyamatpur village was targeted, resulting in damage to six sacred statues. Following the
incident, law enforcement swiftly apprehended a suspect identified as Khalil, who is currently
under investigation. The incident has sparked concern among residents, prompting heightened
security measures and a thorough examination of the circumstances surrounding the vandalism.
Local authorities, including the district administrator and police superintendent, have taken
proactive steps to address the situation, including filing a case and conducting thorough
investigations. The alleged act of vandalism has not only caused physical damage but has also
raised questions about the security and sanctity of religious sites in the area. As the investigation
progresses, there is a growing interest in uncovering any underlying motives or connections to
the perpetrator's past behavior. This summary provides a comprehensive overview of the
127
NEW AGE BD, “2 Killed in Deadly Clash over Ahmadiyya Programme in North-West Bangladesh,” March 3,
2023, https://www.newagebd.net/article/195860/2-killed-in-deadly-clash-over-ahmadiyya-programme-in-north-
west-bangladesh.

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unfolding events and the steps being taken to address the alleged crime and its implications for
the community.128

On October 22, 2023, A temple management committee's general secretary in Narayanganj's

port area, Shibuchandra Das, was reportedly attacked by Awami League activists and supporters
during a clothing distribution event led by BNP leaders. The incident occurred on Saturday
night, leaving Das injured with his left leg and fingers affected. The accused, Khan Masud, an
Awami League worker, denies involvement, suggesting it's a staged act by Das. BNP leaders
condemn the incident, claiming local resentment against Masud's actions led to the attack. Police
are investigating the matter, but no formal complaint has been filed yet.129

On November 12, 2023, three women were injured when a group of miscreants attacked a
temple in Noakhali’s Begumganj upazila on Saturday night. Yesterday, one of the victims filed
a case at Begumganj Model Police Station against three named and some 20 unnamed attackers.
According to the case, for a long time now, a community of Hindu cobblers has resided and
performed their religious rituals on government (khas) land in the Karimpur Petrol Pump area,
which later came to be known as “Muchipara”. On Saturday, local landgrabber Md Selim
threatened residents to stop setting up a temple for Kali puja as he was trying to take over the
land. Later that night, around 20-25 people, led by Selim, vandalised the temple, attacked three
local women, desecrated an idol of goddess Kali, and looted the donation box. However, Selim
could not be reached over the phone as he went on the run following the incident. To protest the
incident, Muchipara locals blocked the Karimpur-Ganipur road under ward 5 of Chaumuhani
municipality yesterday. On information, Begumganj Upazila Nirbahi Officer Yasir Arafat
visited the spot with members of police and Rab. UNO Arafat said he directed police to arrest
the accused immediately. Begumganj Police Station Officer-in-Charge Anwarul Islam said
police were trying to arrest the accused.130

On December 1, 2023, In Jhenaidah, three individuals, including an Awami League leader, were
arrested for assaulting members of the Hindu community. The incident took place in Shreepur
village, where four individuals were severely injured for protesting tree cutting in the
crematorium and refusing to join a boat procession. The victims sought justice from a former
UP chairman but were attacked instead. The injured were sent to Dhaka for treatment.
Authorities provided financial aid, and a case has been filed against one individual involved in
the attack. Two others have been arrested, and the former UP chairman is being questioned.131

Violence against Children

128
Daily Manab Zamin, “সরাইলে মন্দিরে ঢুকে মূর্তি ভাংচুরের অভিযোগে যুবক গ্রেপ্তার,” July
21, 2023, https://mzamin.com/news.php?news=65688.
129
Daily Prothom Alo, “বিএনপি নেতাদের কাপড় বিতরণ করার জেরে মন্দিরের সম্পাদককে পিটিয়ে
জখম,” October 22, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/t4sbvnqfud.
130
The Daily Star, “3 Hurt in Noakhali Temple Attack,” November 13, 2023,
https://images.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/3-hurt-noakhali-temple-attack-3468276.
131
Daily Manab Zamin, “নৌকার মিছিলে অংশ না নেয়ায় হিন্দু সম্প্রদায়ের লোকজনের ওপর হামলা,
আটক ৩,” December 1, 2023, https://mzamin.com/news.php?news=86088.

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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Children have always been among the most vulnerable members of society, with safeguarding
their well-being a paramount concern for human rights advocates globally. Since the inception
of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, child rights have been a fundamental
component of the international human rights landscape. Despite concerted efforts by the global
community, the violation of children's rights persists in various regions, including Bangladesh.
The year 2023 witnessed troubling instances of child rights infringements in Bangladesh,
spanning issues like child labor, child marriage, trafficking, and violence against children. These
violations have enduring repercussions, perpetuating cycles of poverty, illiteracy, poor health,
and limited opportunities for affected children. While Bangladesh has taken steps to advance
children's rights through initiatives like the Children Act 2013 and the National Child Policy
2011, challenges in implementation persist due to resource constraints, ineffective law
enforcement, and societal norms that tolerate breaches of children's rights.

Child Rights
Violation

Total Incidents (558) Killed (526) Injured (1650)

Figure 19: Statistics of Violence against Children

The chart displays a troubling number of violent incidents against children in Bangladesh in
2023, with a total of 558 cases reported. Notably, injuries (1650) were far more frequent than
deaths (526). This suggests that a significant proportion of the violence, while still serious, may
not have been fatal. However, the high number of injuries inflicted on children is concerning
and warrants further investigation into the types of violence and the age groups most affected.

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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Killed in Child rights violence

70
59
60 56
53 54
50 48 46 45
37 39 39
40

30 26
24
20

10

ne

ly
ril

st
ay
ch
y

ry

r
r

r
be

be
be

be
ar

Ju

gu
Ap
ua

M
ar

Ju
nu

m
em

m
to
Au
M
br

ce
ve
Oc
Ja

pt
Fe

De
No
Se
Figure 20: Monthly Comparison of Child killing from January to December’23

Based on the data provided, the highest number of killings of children (59) occurred in
February, followed by a decrease in March (48) and April (46). Killings then appear to rise
slightly in May (53) and June (56) before dipping in July (45) and August (40). September (39)
sees another slight increase followed by a decrease in October (56) and November (37).
December (39) shows a slight rise compared to November. This pattern suggests that child
killing fluctuated throughout the year, with peaks in February, June, and October. It does show
that child killings were a persistent issue throughout 2023 in Bangladesh.

Some important cases are stated below:

Photo- Accused Children (Source-Kaler Kantho)

On January 24, 2023, Four children in the Haldia area of Ward 7, Ukhia, Cox’s Bazar, have
allegedly been physically assaulted, including having their heads shaved, over accusations of

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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

stealing a rickshaw chain. According to reports, the children, who have since refrained from
attending school due to the abuse, were implicated in the theft by the son of a local Awami
League leader. The incident has sparked outrage in the community, with local law enforcement
investigating the matter. The children’s families have also faced threats, raising concerns about
the influential political family’s impact on the case. Authorities assure a thorough investigation
and proper legal action against any wrongdoing. The incident sheds light on the plight of abused
children in the region, emphasizing the need for protection and justice.132

Photo- Halim Shikder (Source-Prothom Alo)

On February 6, 2023, The mayor of Gopaldi Pourashava in Narayanganj, Halim Sikder,

allegedly beat three children accused of theft, tying their hands and cutting their hair. The
incident occurred at the Ramchandradhi bus stand in Gopaldi. The children, aged 7, 8, and 11,
are students at local madrasas. They were playing cricket near the mayor’s power loom factory
when he reportedly caught them stealing. The mayor admitted to the incident but claimed he
disciplined the children for alleged theft from his factory. The families of the children are
distressed, and the community is concerned about the mayor’s actions. The local administration
is unaware of the situation.133

132
Daily Kaler Kantho, “চুরির অপবাদে ৪ শিশুর মাথা মুড়িয়ে দিল আ.লীগ নেতার ছেলেরা,” January 24,
2023, https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/01/24/1235364.
133
The Daily Prothom Alo, “তিন শিশুকে গ্রাম ঘুরিয়ে দুজনের চুল কেটে দিলেন মেয়র,” February 23,
2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/baguf7dqbk.

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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Photo- Alleged Child (Source-Prothom Alo)

On February 21, 2023, A case of alleged supari (betel nuts) theft in Nolchiti, Jhalokathi, unfolds
into a disturbing event as an 11-year-old child and his father face accusations and subsequent
abuse. Latif Khan, the village leader, denies the abuse but acknowledges tying them up,
attributing it to the purported theft. The incident raises concerns, calling for an investigation into
potential human rights violations. The incident is rooted in the reported theft of 420 supari. The
father and child were allegedly tied to a tree and subjected to torture. Latif Khan denies abuse
but admits to tying them, justifying it as punishment for the alleged theft.134

Photo- Mother and daughter were tortured and life streamed on social media (Source- Daily
Samakal)

On February 22, 2023, A mother-daughter duo in Hatiya, Noakhali, claims to have faced torture
over a land dispute, with allegations of being tied to a pillar and the incident shared on social
media platform TikTok. The incident occurred in Rehaniya village on February 9, involving
The Daily Prothom Alo, “সুপারি চুরির অভিযোগ তুলে বাবাসহ শিশুকে শিকলে বেঁধে নির্যাতন,”
134

February 21, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/5obacl8wvz.

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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Jilur Rahman's son, Jhilu, and two others. The victim, Jhumur Aktar, and her daughter Kusum
Aktar were allegedly beaten and tied to a pillar, with the ordeal recorded and later circulated on
TikTok. The dispute revolves around land in Rehaniya village, leading to a clash involving Jhilu
and others. Jilur Rahman reportedly recorded the torture on his mobile phone, later sharing it on
TikTok, branding them as thieves. Local leaders, including the Union Chairman, Fakhrul Islam,
are taking steps to investigate the incident. Hatiya Police initiated an investigation based on a
written complaint filed by the victim. Several individuals, including Jilur Rahman's son and
others, have been named as accused in the case. The incident raises concern about justice and
social media's role in amplifying and potentially distorting such events.135

Photo-Child was tortured and tied up in a cattle shade (Source-Daily Jugantar)

On March 30, 2023, In Kamalnagar, Comilla, a 9-year-old child named Rifat, along with three
others, is accused of stealing watermelons from a local farmer's field. The influential couple,
Abdul Mannan and his wife Kulsom Begum, allegedly subjected Rifat to torture by tying him to
the gate of a cattle shed. The incident occurred after Rifat failed to disclose the names of the
other children involved. The torture reportedly included threats to harm Rifat's sister. The child's
destitute family, residing in the area due to a past conflict, expressed helplessness and appealed
for justice. Both parties have been instructed to visit the police station to resolve the matter, and
the investigation is ongoing.136

135
The Daily Samakal, “মা-মেয়েকে পিলারে বেঁধে নির্যাতন-টিকটক, থানায় অভিযোগ,” February 22,
2023, https://samakal.com/health/article/2302158439/মা.
136
The Daily Jugantor, “তরমুজ চুরির অভিযোগে শিশুকে শিকলে বেঁধে নির্যাতন,” March 30, 2023,
https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/660168/ত.

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Photo- Two children were tied up for theft accusation (Source-Daily Jugantar)

On April 9, 2023, Nur Seher (50), a resident of Nurparha in the Bot-toli Union of Anwara,
Chittagong, has been arrested for her alleged involvement in assaulting two children, aged 10
and 15, by tying them to a tree. The incident is related to the theft of guavas from the tree at
Seher's residence. On April 2, the children were reportedly beaten and recorded on video by
Seher for stealing guavas. The victims' guardians filed a complaint at the Anwara Police Station
against Seher on the night of the incident. However, the complainants, including a brother of
one victim and an uncle of the other, claim that efforts for a social resolution were made initially
but failed, leading to the police complaint. Seher has been sent to jail after her arrest. 137

On may 28, 2023, In a shocking incident reminiscent of a movie scene, five school students
were abducted, tied to trees, and brutally tortured in Bogabaid, Jamalpur. Two arrests have been
made, including Mobtalib Hossen, the father of the deceased Javed Ali, and Awami League
leader Sheikh Mohammad Rukon, along with their accomplice Sohel. The incident led to a
police case filed by Jubayer, the victim's father, against the alleged orchestrators of the assault.
The arrested individuals are scheduled to appear in court, emphasizing the severity of the child
abuse case.138

137
The Daily Jugantor, “চুরির অভিযোগে ২ কিশোরকে বেঁধে নির্যাতন,” April 9, 2023,
https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/663966/চুরি/.
138
The Daily Jugantor, “ফিল্মি স্টাইলে তুলে এনে ৫ স্কুলছাত্রকে গাছের সঙ্গে বেঁধে
নির্যাতন,” May 28, 2023, https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/679808/ফি.

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Photo- School students are protesting (Source-Daily Jugantar)

On June 19, 2023, In Bhanga, Faridpur, allegations have emerged that over half of the students
behind on tuition fees were physically assaulted at MM Osman Model School. The school,
engaged in coaching activities, reportedly used violence to collect overdue fees, leading to
injuries. In response, students, accompanied by parents, submitted a complaint to local
authorities. The Upazila Executive Officer has verified the incident, instructing to seal the
institution and take legal action against the offenders. Injured students are seeking medical
treatment at local clinics and hospitals. The school owner, Osman, has not provided a
response.139

The Daily Jugantor, “শ্রেণিকক্ষের দরজা বন্ধ করে অর্ধশতাধিক শিক্ষার্থীকে মারধর,” June 19,
139

2023, https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/687907/শ্রে.

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Photo- Raj Pratap Das and people protesting outside demanding justice for him (Source-Daily
Star)

On july 17, 2023, In Kaliganj upazila of Satkhira, a ninth grader named Raj Pratap Das
tragically died after being allegedly tortured by teachers at Nalta High School. Witnesses and
locals reported that Raj and several other students were celebrating birthdays in an empty
classroom when teachers, including Assistant Head Teacher MA Muhit and others, abruptly
entered and began assaulting them. Raj and his classmates were reportedly taken to the
headteacher's room, where the assault continued. Raj and another student pleaded for mercy
before eventually leaving. However, Raj later complained of chest pains and died on the way to
the hospital. Conflicting accounts emerged, with a teacher admitting to slapping Raj, while the
headteacher claimed the students were only scolded. Following Raj's death, locals protested,
vandalizing the headteacher's room and prompting police interrogation of the headteacher and
three assistant teachers. Investigations are ongoing, with an autopsy expected to determine the
cause of Raj's death.140

Photo-Shathi Pervin and the deceased child (Source- The Daily Star )

140
The Daily Star, “Ninth-Grader ‘beaten to Death’ by Teacher in Satkhira,” July 16, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/ninth-grader-beaten-death-teacher-satkhira-
3370636.

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On August 27, 2023, An eight-year-old girl, who worked as a house help, was found dead
yesterday at a flat in the capital’s Central Road area. Tipped off, police recovered her body from
flat “E1” on the first floor of the building around 10:30am, said Saiful Islam, officer-in-charge
of Kalabagan Police Station.“We suspect that she was tortured before death,” the OC said. The
police, however, are get her name and home addressMofizur Rahman, manager of the seven-
storey building, said the girl had been working in the flat of Sathi Parvin, 40, for three
years.“This morning , Sathi was looking worried. She quickly left and returned to the building
several times, finally leaving at around 9:10am. She hasn’t been seen since,” Mofizur said.
“Police first came in around 1:30am, saying they had information that a house help died by
suicide. But, they could not say in which flat. Later, they returned around 9:00am and found the
girl’s body laying on a bed in flat E1, with a piece of white cloth wrapped around her face,” he
added. Mofizur said Sathi had been living in the flat, owned by her ex-husband, with her four-
year-old daughter. She got divorced in 2020. “But she didn’t pay service charges and utility
bills. Over Tk 3 lakh is due,” he added. Kalabagan OC Saiful said that they were trying to arrest
Sathi. The body of the girl was sent to Dhaka Medical College Hospital morgue for an
autopsy.141

On September 27, 2023, A tragic incident occurred in Shalish, Gazipur, involving a two-year-
old child named Fathia Khatun, who was allegedly beaten to death during a land dispute clash.
The confrontation took place in Haydarpur village of Kauraid Union, resulting in serious
injuries to four family members, including Fathia's parents. The clash erupted over a
longstanding land dispute with Lal Mia from the neighboring village. The dispute escalated after
Lal Mia filed a case against the family in the Union Parishad. The situation worsened during the
verification and selection of land documents, leading to an attack by opposition locals using
sticks and bamboo. The child sustained a severe head injury and, despite efforts to save her at
Shripur Hospital, tragically passed away. The family members were also reportedly assaulted
during the incident. The accused include individuals from the same village, and police teams
have been mobilized for their arrest. The case is currently under investigation.142

On September 3, 2023, the 10-year-old house help, Hena, whose body was found in a city flat,
was allegedly beaten with a wooden utensil and strangled on the day she died, according to
statements from her employer, Sathi Parvin, 40. Sathi, who frequently tortured Hena, was
arrested in Jashore after being on the run since August 26. Hena, an orphan from Muktagacha,
had been under the care of her aunt, who brought her to Sathi's home in Dhaka three years ago.
Sathi, who was supposed to pay Hena's aunt Tk 2,000 monthly, stopped payments and subjected
Hena to regular torture. On the day of the incident, Sathi reportedly beat Hena with a wooden
lentil mixer and strangled her. After Hena's death, Sathi fled to Jashore to meet her ex-husband,
who owns the flat where she had been living with her four-year-old daughter.143

141
The Daily Star, “8-Yr-Old House Help Found Dead in City Flat,” August 27, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/8-yr-old-house-help-found-dead-city-flat-
3403756.
142
The Daily Jugantor, “সালিশে দুই বছরের শিশুকে পিটিয়ে হত্যা,” September 27, 2023,
https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/722877/সা.
143
The Daily Star, “Death of House Help: 10-Yr-Old Girl Was Beaten, Then Strangled to Death,” September 3,
2023, https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/death-house-help-10-yr-old-girl-was-

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On October 17, 2023, In Brahmanbaria's Bancharampur Upazila, a tragedy unfolded as a mother

and her two children were discovered dead with stab wounds in their home. The incident
occurred on Monday night, and the bodies of Jessy Aktar (35), her elder son Mahin (16), and
younger son Mohin (7) were recovered by the police from the residence of Saudi Arabia
expatriate Shah Alom in Char Chawani village, Ayubpur Union, early Tuesday morning. Shah
Alom's family members were alerted by a working woman in the morning who found the gate
locked despite numerous attempts to open it. Upon entering the premises, they discovered the
lifeless bodies in the house, showing signs of assault, particularly on Jessy and Mahin. While the
police have not found any initial evidence of theft or burglary, multiple police teams are
investigating the mysterious incident at the crime scene.144

Photo- Burnt recidence (Source-Kaler Kantho)

On November 28th, 2023, Kamal Hossain (40), an auto-rickshaw driver, allegedly set fire to his
house in Lakshmipur, trapping his wife and two children inside. The fire resulted in the deaths
of his daughter Aiyesha Akhtar (7) and son Abdur Rahman (3). Kamal’s wife, Sumaiya Akhtar
(34), sustained critical injuries and was sent to Dhaka for advanced medical treatment. Kamal
has been arrested in connection with the incident. The fire broke out at their old house in
Bashikpur village, Sadar Upazila. Kamal, son of Amin Ullah, admitted to setting the fire while
his family was asleep. The incident was confirmed by Chandraganj Police Inspector Md. Jasim
Uddin and Bashikpur Union Parishad Chairman Mahfuzur Rahman. Sumaiya Akhtar and Abdur
Rahman were initially treated at Sadar Hospital before being transferred to Dhaka Medical
College. Abdur Rahman later died during treatment. The police are conducting a further
investigation and will take appropriate legal action against Kamal.145

On December 10, 2023,The police have arrested the stepfather, Mohammed Yamin (24), of a
two-year-old child on allegations of mercilessly murdering the child in Chittagong. Yamin,
residing in a rented house on Pocket Gate Road in the Akmal Ali Road area of the city, is the
third husband of the child’s mother. According to the police, Yamin had a strained relationship
beaten-then-strangled-death-3409541.
144
Daily Manab Zamin, “ঘরে মিললো মা ও ২ সন্তানের রক্তাক্ত মরদেহ,” October 17, 2023,
https://mzamin.com/news.php?news=78949.
145
Daily Kaler Kantho, “বাবার দেওয়া আগুনে পুড়ে ছেলে-মেয়ের মৃত্যু,” November 28, 2023,
https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/11/28/1340535.

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with the child, Omar Farooq, from the previous marriage of the child’s mother, Roushan Ara.
Last Wednesday, after Roushan went to work, Yamin assaulted the child with a cigarette butt,
causing serious head injuries. Upon returning home the next evening, Roushan found the child
unconscious. She, along with Yamin, initially took the child to a local hospital and then
transferred him to Chittagong Medical College Hospital. Unfortunately, the child succumbed to
his injuries while undergoing treatment at a private hospital on Friday night. Following a call to
the national emergency service hotline 999, the police arrested Yamin. Mohammad Hossain, the
Officer-in-Charge of the EPZ Police Station, stated that Omar Farooq was Roushan Ara’s son
from her second marriage. Roushan was unaware of Yamin’s inability to tolerate the child. She
left the child with Yamin and went to work. At one point, Yamin mercilessly beat the child
against the wall. Roushan has filed a case against Yamin at the police station regarding this
incident.146

146
The Daily Jugantor, “দুই বছরের শিশু খুন, সৎবাবা গ্রেফতার,” December 10, 2023,
https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/749961/দু.

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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Human Rights Violence at Border

The border shared by India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar has long been a hotspot of tension and
conflict, with a significant concern being the recurring incidents of civilian deaths, commonly
known as “border killings”. These tragic events unfold when Bangladeshi individuals attempting
to cross the border illegally are shot and killed by Indian or Burmese border guards, specifically
the Border Security Force (BSF) and Border Guard Police (BGP). Spanning over 4,156
kilometers, the heavily guarded India-Bangladesh border is a bustling region inhabited by
millions, where frequent crossings for work, trade, and family visits are a way of life for many.
However, due to stringent visa regulations, a significant number of individuals resort to illegal
border crossings, exacerbating the risk of confrontations and fatalities. Shockingly, estimates
indicate that over 1,000 people have lost their lives in such incidents over the past decade,
underscoring the gravity of the situation.

The repercussions of these border killings reverberate profoundly, leaving families bereft of
their loved ones and communities on both sides grappling with the aftermath. Moreover, these
incidents have strained the historically complex relations between India and Bangladesh, with
many in Bangladesh perceiving the BSF as an occupying force, sparking protests and diplomatic
tensions. Furthermore, the killings have fueled anti-India sentiments within Bangladesh, adding
another layer of complexity to an already delicate situation.

Number of
Incidents Killed(30) Injured(31) Shot (10) Arrested(13)
(58)

Human Rights Violence at Border by BSF

Figure 21: Violence in Border by BSF between January and December ’23

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The data on border violence in Bangladesh in 2023 indicates a troubling situation, with 58
recorded incidents involving the Border Security Force (BSF). Among these incidents, 30
individuals were killed, 31 were injured, 10 were shot, and 13 were arrested. This high number
of fatalities and injuries suggests a severe and violent approach in handling border security
issues. The relatively high number of arrests compared to shootings implies that while some
confrontations resulted in lethal force, there were also numerous instances where individuals
were detained instead. This pattern of violence at the border underscores the urgent need for
addressing the root causes of these confrontations, improving diplomatic relations, and
enhancing measures to protect human rights.

Killed by BSF
7

6 6

4 4

3 3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2 2

0 0 0
ne

ly
ay
ril

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ch
ry

ry

er
er
r

be
be
Ju

gu
Ap

M
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Au
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Figure 22: Monthly comparison of killing in border in 2023

The chart on monthly comparisons of border killings by the Border Security Force (BSF) in
2023 shows fluctuations throughout the year. The number of killings remained relatively low
from January to April, with incidents ranging between 0 to 3. There was a noticeable peak in
August, where the number rose to 4, followed by a drop in September to 0, and another peak in
December at 6. These fluctuations can be linked to several factors, including changes in border
security policies, seasonal migration patterns, and heightened border activities during specific
periods. For instance, the spike in December could be attributed to increased border security
measures and incidents of cross-border tensions during the winter months when illegal border
crossings often rise due to agricultural cycles and employment needs

Some important cases are mentioned below:

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Photo-Deceased Delwar Hossain (Source-Naya Diganta)

On January 14, 2023, Delwar Hossain, 28, lost his life after sustaining a bullet wound during an
incident along the Tahirpur border in Sunamganj when the Indian Border Security Force (BSF)
fired upon entering Bangladesh territory. The tragedy unfolded when locals confronted BSF
soldiers over the mistreatment of a woman, Hanufa Begum, who had crossed into India. In
response, BSF entered Bangladesh, leading to a clash where Delwar was shot. Despite efforts to
save him, Delwar succumbed to his injuries at Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital.
The Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) held a commander-level meeting with BSF, demanding
action against the intruders, with BSF promising an investigation.147

On January 1, 2023, in a border area near Patgram Upazila in Lalmonirhat, a man named Biplab
Mia (22) was fatally shot, allegedly while attempting to bring cattle illegally from India. The
incident occurred when a group, including Biplab, tried to bring cattle from a businessperson in
Chyangrabandha village, India. The Border Security Force (BSF) fired upon them, resulting in
injuries to Biplab. Although he was rescued and taken to the hospital, he succumbed to his
injuries. Conflicting reports exist regarding whether the BSF gunfire directly caused his death,
with further investigations underway. The local police and BSF are coordinating efforts to
determine the exact circumstances leading to Biplab's tragic demise.148

147
Daily Naya Diganta, “বাংলাদেশের ভেতরে ঢুকে বিএসএফের গুলি, আহত যুবকের মৃত্যু,” January 14,
2023, https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/sylhet/720379/.
148
The Daily Prothom Alo, “লালমনিরহাট সীমান্তে একজনের মৃত্যু, পরিবার বলছে বিএসএফের
গুলিতে,” January 1, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/n6kx8muxf9.

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Photo-Deceased Arif (Source-Daily Inqilab)

On February 8, 2023, a Bangladeshi cattle trader was killed in the crossfire of bullets fired by
India's Border Security Force (BSF). On Wednesday night, a group of cattle traders from
Shyamkur in the Maheshpur Upazila attempted to bring cattle from the Padua area near the
India-Bangladesh border. The BSF targeted them, resulting in the death of Arif (28), son of
Aftab Uddin from Shyamkur Pashchimpara village. According to Shyamkur Union Chairman
Jamirul Islam, Arif and several other cattle traders went to buy cattle in the Padua village of
India on Tuesday night. BSF opened fire when they reached the Padua camp, leading to Arif's
death. The body is expected to be handed over through a flag meeting on Wednesday at 5 PM,
arranged through a flag meeting.149

Photo- Shahabul Hossen Babu (Source-Prothom Alo, Inqilab)

149
Daily Inqilab, “মহেশপুর সীমান্তে বিএসএফ’র গুলিতে বাংলাদেশি নিহত ১ পঞ্চগড়ে আহত ১,”
February 9, 2023, https://m.dailyinqilab.com/article/554261/মহেশপুর-সীমান্তে-বিএসএফর-গুলিতে-
বাংলাদেশি-নিহত-১-পঞ্চগড়ে-আহত-১.

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Photo-Local People bringing back the dead body of Babu (Source-Prothom alo)

On February 17, 2023, in the Hili border area of Dinajpur, a Bangladeshi youth was killed in
firing by India’s Border Security Force (BSF). The incident occurred yesterday evening at the
Dhoron-da Fokirpara adjacent to the railway line of Ward 2 of Hakimpur Municipality in the
western part of Hili Police Station in India’s Hili Thana. The deceased, identified as Sahabul
Hossen, alias Babu (24), was the son of Abul Hossen Mondal from the Dhoron-da area of Ward
2. However, his wife, Babli Akhtar, has identified the body from the photos received through
sources. The wife of the deceased, Babli Akhtar, said, “On Thursday evening, Sahabul Hossen
went out to bring food for our daughter. He did not return after that. Today, I heard from the
villagers in the evening that my husband has been shot dead by the BSF.” 150 On February 20,
2023, the body of Sahabul Islam (23), has been returned to his family three days after the
incident. 151

On April 3, 2023, a Bangladeshi man was shot dead by the Indian Border Security Force along
the border in Lalmonirhat’s Patgram upazila on Saturday night. Another was injured after being
shot in the leg. The incident took place around 11:30pm near the main pillar number 864 in the
Medical Bridge area of Shamshernagar. The dead is Rabiul Islam, 54, of Kalabagan area in
Patgram. Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) and police sources said a group of 9-10
Bangladeshis were bringing cattle illegally from Pathantari area in Behar district of West Bengal
when the BSF patrolling team of Chungarkhata camp opened fire. Confirming the incident,
Officer-in-Charge of Patgram Police Station Omar Faruk said police recovered the body and
sent it to Lalmonirhat Sadar Hospital morgue for autopsy.152

150
Prothom Alo, “হিলি সীমান্তে বিএসএফের গুলিতে বাংলাদেশি তরুণ নিহত,” February 18, 2023,
https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/d54v64ncry.
151
Daily Prothom Alo, “বিএনপি নেতাদের কাপড় বিতরণ করার জেরে মন্দিরের সম্পাদককে পিটিয়ে
জখম.”
152
The Daily Star, “Bangladeshi Man Shot Dead by BSF,” April 3, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/bangladeshi-man-shot-dead-bsf-3287146.

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Photo- Deceased Jalal Hossain (Source-Naya Diganta)

On 21 May, 2023, Jalal Hossen, a 28-year-old youth, was injured in firing by the Border
Security Force (BSF) at the Bangladesh-India border in Comilla's Burchang Upazila. The
incident occurred on Wednesday around 5.o pm in the Jamtala area of the Bakshimul Union.
While details are pending investigation, it is reported that Jalal, a laborer, was shot when he
entered the No Man's Land to cut grass for cattle after cutting paddy. The local authorities are
awaiting further information from the Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) to take necessary
actions.153

Photo-Deceaserd worker (Source-Daily Star)

On May 22, 2023, Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) yesterday protested the killing of a
Bangladeshi worker allegedly by the Indian Border Security Force (BSF) in Panchagarh’s
Tetulia upazila. The protest was made at a battalion commander-level flag meeting held between
153
Daily Naya Diganta, “কুমিল্লার বুড়িচং সীমান্তে বিএসএফের গুলিতে যুবক আহত,” May 3, 2023,
https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/chattagram/745238/কু.

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BGB and BSF at the Zero Line on Bhutipukur border in Tentulia upazila in the afternoon.
However, BSF denied the allegation of shooting the stone quarry worker. On Sunday, a BSF
team reportedly shot dead a Bangladeshi stone quarry worker at Baguladangi village along the
border in Tetulia upazila.154

On June 10, 2023, in Thakurgaon’s Ranishankail Upazila, a Bangladeshi, Jinnat Ali (50), was
killed in firing by the Indian Border Security Force (BSF). The incident occurred near pillar
number 374 in the border area of Jagdal on Saturday around 1:30 PM. Jinnat Ali, a resident of
Dharmagarh Union, went to cut grass when BSF members shot him. He was rescued by locals
but succumbed to his injuries on the way to Thakurgaon’s General Hospital. The BSF firing has
sparked a strong protest from the Bangladesh Border Guard (BGB). A flag meeting has been
called to address the incident.155

Photo-Deceased Sujon Ali (Source-Kaler Kantho)

On July 5, 2023, a tragic incident occurred in Tetulia upazila, Panchagarh, where a young man
named Sujon Ali (27) was fatally shot and later succumbed to his injuries at a hospital in
Rangpur. Allegedly involved in cattle theft, it is presumed that he was shot by the Border
Security Force (BSF) while attempting to smuggle cattle across the border. However, authorities
have yet to confirm the exact circumstances of his death. Investigations are ongoing to
determine the cause and those responsible for the shooting, shedding light on the need for
increased vigilance along border areas.156

On August 22, 2023, Indian Border Security Force returned the body of a Bangladeshi youth to
Border Guard Bangladesh yesterday, 78 days before he was killed in BSF firing at Kalirhat
border of Lalmonirhat’s Patgram upazila. The body of Yusuf Ali, 25, was handed over through a
flag meeting at the border in the afternoon. Yusuf, who was shot dead before dawn on June 5,
was a resident of the bordering Meserdanga village in Patgram. Mostafizur Rahman Sohel,
chairman of Jagatber Union Parishad, said 10-12 Bangladeshis were bringing cows from
Sarkarpara area of West Bengal’s Cooch Behar district on June 5. At one stage, BSF personnel
opened fire on the Bangladeshis, leaving Yusuf dead on the spot, he added. Shah Jamal, father
of the Yusuf Ali, told The Daily Star that his son used to work in agriculture. Some local youths
lured him into bringing cattle from India.157

154
The Daily Star, “BGB Protests BSF’s Killing of Bangladeshi Stone Quarry Worker,” May 23, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/bgb-protests-bsfs-killing-bangladeshi-stone-
quarry-worker-3326941.
155
Daily Kaler Kantho, “ঠাকুরগাঁওয়ে বিএসএফের গুলিতে বাংলাদেশি কৃষকের মৃত্যু,” June 10, 2023,
https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/06/10/1288502.
156
Daily Kaler Kantho.

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On September 3, 2023, in Kurigram's Rawmari Upazila, Bangladeshi youth Manik Mia (36) was
fatally shot by the Indian Border Security Force (BSF) during an attempt at cattle smuggling
across the international border. The incident occurred near pillar number 1062-2S. Manik Mia,
part of a group of 20-25 individuals, was hit on the right side of his chest and died on the spot.
The BSF personnel from the 45th Battalion camp in Kuchinimara targeted them. Manik's
associates tried to bury his body secretly, but the police later recovered it from Banchharchar
area.158

On October 4, 2023, Ferdaus, a 15-year-old resident of Lalarchak village in Sharifpur Union of

Kulaura Upazila, Maulvibazar, was fatally shot and killed by Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB)
gunfire near the Lalarchak border. The incident occurred on October 1 during an attempt by a
group, including Ferdaus, to illegally enter India. BGB members opened fire during the border
crossing attempt, injuring Ferdaus. He was later taken to Sylhet Osmani Medical College
Hospital but succumbed to his injuries. The family received the body after a post-mortem
examination at Moinotdond Medical College on Thursday.159

On November 10, 2023, a 14-year-old Bangladeshi boy was shot dead yesterday by the Indian
Border Security Force when he crossed the border along Rajshahi and entered the neighbouring
territory. Samirul Islam, 14, son of Hasibul Islam of Ashriadaha area under Godagari upazila,
died on the spot, said Lt Col Nahid Hossain, commanding officer of 53 BGB Battalion in
Chapainawabganj. The firing took place between border pillars 41/5-S and 41/6-S under BGB’s
DMC border outpost at 12:15pm.160

Photo-Border Thakurgoan (Source- prothom Alo)

157
The Daily Star, “BSF Returns Bangladeshi’s Body after 78 Days,” August 22, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/cross-border/news/bsf-returns-bangladeshis-body-after-78-days-3400551.
158
Daily Kaler Kantho, “বিএসএফের গুলিতে রৌমারৗ সীমান্তে বাংলাদেশি যুবকের মৃত্যু,”
September 3, 2023, https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/09/03/1314594.
159
Kaler Kantho, “বিএসএফের গুলিতে আহত কিশোরের মৃত্যু,” October 4, 2023,
https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/10/04/1323908.
160
The Daily Star, “Bangladeshi Boy Shot Dead by BSF,” November 10, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/bangladeshi-boy-shot-dead-bsf-3466051.

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On December 4, 2023, Two Bangladeshi youths were killed and another injured in a shooting
incident involving the Indian Border Security Force (BSF) near the Dabri border of Haripur
Upazila in Thakurgaon. The deceased were identified as Johurul Islam (27) and Moklesh (28),
while the injured person is Idris Ali (30). Johurul and Moklesh, suspected of involvement in
smuggling, were shot by BSF personnel during an attempt to smuggle phensidyl from India. The
injured Johurul was taken by the BSF for treatment in India, while Moklesh's body was found in
the Nagor River.161

Political Violence

The Daily Prothom Alo, “ঠাকুরগাঁও সীমান্তে বিএসএফের গুলিতে দুই বাংলাদেশি নিহত, আহত ১,”
161

December 4, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/ji54daq7h2.

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Bangladesh, a nation with a rich cultural legacy and a vibrant democratic system, has long been
grappling with the issue of political violence. The roots of this issue can be traced back to the
country's struggle for independence from Pakistan in 1971, which resulted in widespread
violence and left deep scars on the nation's collective consciousness. In recent years, Bangladesh
has experienced a surge in politically motivated violence, which has taken various forms,
including targeted attacks on political rivals, journalists, and activists, as well as governmental
employment of force to quell dissent.
The political landscape in Bangladesh is dominated by rivalry between the AL and the BNP,
with ideological differences and personal grievances between the parties.' This rivalry often
turns violent both during and beyond election cycles, with frequent attacks against political
opponents, street clashes between the parties, violent anti-government demonstrations, and state
repression of demonstrations. Student, youth, and labor wings of the parties are often involved
in such violence. The human and economic repercussions of political violence in Bangladesh are
substantial, encompassing loss of life, displacement, property destruction, and economic
disruption. Moreover, it has undermined democratic institutions and eroded public trust in
governance. The recent surge in political violence has been particularly concerning, with
security forces responsible for using excessive force, mass arbitrary arrests, enforced
disappearances, torture, and extrajudicial killings in a recent spate of election-related violence.
The BNP-led anti-government demonstrations and the crackdown against them have heightened
political divisions in the country.

Political Violance

Number of Incidents Injured Killed

(1051) (9379) (96)

Figure 23: Statistics of Political Violence

Figure 23 presents an overview of political violence incidents in 2023, highlighting a total of

1051 incidents. These incidents resulted in 9,379 injuries and 96 deaths, demonstrating the
severe impact of political unrest on public safety and stability. The high number of injuries
relative to fatalities suggests widespread violence with significant physical harm to individuals
involved in or affected by political conflicts.

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Killed in Political Violence

16 15
14
14 13
12

10 9
8 7 7
6 6 6
6 5 5
4 3
2

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ay

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ch

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y

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r
ry

r
r

be
ar

be

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Figure 24: Monthly Comparison of Killing from January to December’23

Figure 24 provides a monthly breakdown of killings due to political violence. April witnessed a
peak with 13 deaths, followed by a sharp decline in May and June, which saw 5 and 6 deaths
respectively. October experienced the highest number of fatalities with 15, followed closely by
December with 14, indicating increased political tensions towards the year's end. The early
months of the year, including January and February, recorded the lowest fatalities, with 3 and 5
deaths respectively. This pattern underscores the volatile nature of political violence, with
certain months experiencing intense surges in lethal incidents, reflecting periods of heightened
political turmoil or significant events.

Selected cases are as follows:

On January 25, 2023, in Sonaergaon, Narayanganj, a clash between two groups during an
Awami League worker's conference has left 25 people injured. The incident occurred on January
25 afternoon at the local ground of Elahi Nagar in Shambhupura Union. After the clash, the
conference was adjourned, and Awami League leaders left the venue. The injured were taken to
the Upazila Health Complex for treatment. The conflict arose when there was criticism against
Nasir Uddin Member, a candidate for the position of Union Awami League president, made by
the current Union Awami League president, Abu Bakar Siddique Molla, during his welcome
speech. Supporters of Nasir Uddin clashed with the followers of the current Union Awami
League president.162

162
Daily Kaler Kantho, “সোনারগাঁ আ. লীগের দুই গ্রুপের সংঘর্ষ, আহত ২৫,” January 25, 2023,
https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/01/25/1236318.

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Photo- Clash on the road and injured activists in hospital (Source-Kaler Kantho)

On March 17, 2023, a clash unfolded in Balfoul over the celebration of Bangabandhu Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman’s birth anniversary. The conflict involved the Member of Parliament (MP) and
the Chairman of the Upazila Parishad, leading to a violent confrontation with around 25 activists
from both sides using sticks and batons. The clash lasted for about 20 minutes, resulting in
injuries to the Upazila Awami League’s General Secretary and Chairman, who were
subsequently taken to the hospital. Police used rubber bullets to control the situation. The
incident underscores the need for maintaining peace during such commemorative events. The
situation is reported to be peaceful after police intervention.163

Photo-Moinul Rafiqul Islam (Source-Daily Jugantar)

On March 23, 2023, a reported incident in Bargarh involves an alleged attack on Jubo League
leader Moinul Rafiqul Islam by supporters of Chhatra League. The incident occurred on Friday
night at Union Bakapul. According to sources, the victim, a prominent Jubo League leader,
Tootul Khan, was attacked by armed individuals allegedly associated with expelled Chhatra
League leader Moinul Rafiqul Islam. The attackers reportedly injured Tootul Khan, severing
both of his legs during the assault. Tootul Khan’s brother, Jashim Khan, verified the incident,
claiming that Tootul was alone at the time, while Rafiqul had 8 to 10 supporters with weapons.
Tootul was initially taken to a local hospital and later transferred to Barishal Sher-e-Bangla

Daily Kaler kantho, “বঙ্গবন্ধুর জন্মদিন পালন নিয়ে দুই পক্ষের সংঘর্ষ, আহত ২৫,” March 17,
163

2023, https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/03/17/1261969.

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Medical College Hospital due to the severity of his injuries. The accused, Rafiqul Islam, denies
any involvement in the incident.164

On April 25, 2023, a violent clash between two factions of the Awami League in Kawnia,
Rangpur, resulted in the death of Sona Mia (55) and left at least nine others injured. The
confrontation occurred during a gathering related to Commerce Minister Tipu Munshi’s visit to
Imamganj School and College. Prompt police intervention initially subdued the situation, but the
conflict reignited later in the evening, leading to the tragic death of Sona Mia in the clash. The
Kawnia Police Station’s Officer-in-Charge, Montasher Billah, has confirmed the fatality, and
additional police authorities are conducting further investigations.165

Photo- Deceased Rakib Imam and Abdullah Al Noman

164
The Daily Jugantor, “বেতাগীতে যুবলীগ নেতাকে কোপাল ছাত্রলীগ নেতা,” March 26, 2023,
https://www.jugantor.com/todays-paper/city/658659/বে.
165
The Daily Star, “Factional Clash: AL Activist Beaten to Death in Rangpur,” April 26, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/factional-clash-al-activist-beaten-death-rangpur-
3304481.

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On April 26, 2023, former organizational secretary of Lakshmipur district Chhatra League,
Rakib Imam, and former Juba League leader Abdullah Al Noman were killed in a gun attack on
Tuesday night in the Nagorhat area of Bashikpur Union in Sadar Upazila, Lakshmipur. The
assailants opened fire, resulting in Noman’s death at the scene. The incident has led to protests
by Awami League supporters, urging swift action to apprehend the perpetrators. 166 The
deceased Noman's brother Mahfuzur Rahman, chairman of Bashikpur Union Parishad (UP),
filed a murder case in Chandraganj police station. The main accused in the case is Abul Kashem
Jihadi, vice president of AL Chandraganj and former chairman of Bashikpur UP. Apart from
this, 18 named persons and 15 unidentified persons have been accused in the case.167

Photo- Police arresting the senior politicians (Source-Dhaka Tribunal)

Photo- Clash on Road with LEAs (source-Dhaka Tribune)

166
Daily Inqilab, “লক্ষ্মীপুরে যুবলীগ ও ছাত্রলীগের দুই নেতাকে গুলি করে হত্যা,” April 26,
2023, https://dailyinqilab.com/bangladesh/news/570565.
167
https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/998902x2ej

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On May 23, 2023, during a scheduled road march in Dhaka's Science Lab area, clashes ensued
between BNP activists and police personnel. The conflict began when police obstructed the
march in the City College area, leading to altercations and a subsequent clash. BNP members
reportedly vandalized vehicles and set a BRTC bus on fire. Police, in response, charged with
truncheons and used teargas to disperse the crowd. Around 38 BNP members were detained, and
8-10 police personnel sustained injuries. BNP Secretary General Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir
accused the police of unprovoked attacks. Similar clashes occurred in Rajshahi, where police
foiled the BNP's road March program. In Narayanganj city, internal strife among BNP factions
resulted in injuries to 20 activists. The road march aimed to emphasize the party's 10-point
demands, including government resignation and elections under a non-party caretaker
government.168

Photo- Political Violene on the road (Source-Prothom Alo)

On May 26, 2023, a clash erupted between Awami League and BNP leaders and activists in
Keraniganj, specifically in Jinzira, during a scheduled gathering at the BNP district office. The
incident resulted in at least 50 injuries on both sides, with notable figures seeking medical
treatment. The confrontation involved physical altercations and the hurling of bricks. BNP
leaders and activists, in an agitated state, attacked the Awami League office, prompting police
intervention to restore order. Ruhul Kabir Rizvi, the senior joint secretary of BNP, condemned
the incident during a subsequent peaceful gathering, accusing the Awami League of using armed
forces and intimidation tactics. He urged BNP leaders and activists nationwide to stand strong
against such actions.169
168
Dhaka Tribune, “Police, BNP Activists Clash near Science Lab,” May 23, 2023,
https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/dhaka/311896/police-bnp-activists-clash-near-science-lab.
169
The Daily Prothom Alo, “কেরানীগঞ্জে বিএনপির সমাবেশের আগে আওয়ামী লীগ নেতা-কর্মীদের
সঙ্গে সংঘর্ষ, নিপুণ রায়সহ আহত ৫০,” May 26, 2023,

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Photo- Sadeku Rahaman and Ashraful Islam (Source-The Daily Star)

On May 26, 2023, two leaders of Jatiyatabadi Chhatra Dal were shot dead during a clash
between two groups of the pro-BNP student body in Narsingdi town yesterday afternoon.
Deceased Sadekur Rahman, 32, was a former senior joint convener of District Chhatra Dal’s
convening committee and JCD leader Ashraful Islam, 20. Sadekur was declared dead at the
Dhaka Medical College Hospital around 7:30 pm after he was taken there with bullet injuries.
Local JCD leaders said on January 26, the central JCD formed a five-member convening
committee for the district. Since then, JCD leaders and activists, who were did not get posts in
the committee, have been demanding cancellation of the committee. They were protesting near
the district BNP office in Chinishpur yesterday afternoon, said the district’s former senior BNP
vice-president Mainuddin Bhuiyan, adding that the leaders and activists of the other group then
attacked the protesters.170

Photo-Injured BNP leader was taken to the safe place (Source-Naya Diganta)

On May 5, 2023, in Khulna, a clash unfolded in the Press Club area as BNP activists gathered to
protest against the government’s policies. The police used baton charges and tear gas to disperse
the crowd, resulting in injuries to several activists. The BNP alleges that the government’s
misconduct, resignations, the closure of cases, and demands for realizations have led to the
protest. BNP leaders called for the demonstration at the Press Club, but clashes ensued when
police tried to restrict their movement. The situation escalated with police using tear gas and
batons, causing injuries to multiple activists. Police detained several individuals during the
https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/rad0dm1m1a.
170
The Daily Star, “JCD Leader Shot Dead in Narsingdi Clash,” May 26, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/jcd-leader-shot-dead-narsingdi-clash-3329861.

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clash. The BNP accuses the government of suppressing their peaceful demonstration and using
excessive force.171

On June 10, 2023, in Cumilla, clashes occurred between the police and members of the Jubo Dal
during a protest against the arrest of central editor Abdul Munayem Munna. The police
reportedly used batons and tear gas during the clash, resulting in at least 15 injuries among the
police and Jubo Dal members. Subsequently, the police arrested 10 members of the Jubo Dal.
The incident took place in the Kandirpar area on Friday afternoon. The central editor of the
youth league, Abdul Munayem Munna, organized a demonstration to demand his release. When
the police tried to disperse the gathering, clashes erupted, leading to injuries and arrests. 172

Photo- An injured activist in hospital (Source-Daily Kaler Kantho)

On June 17, an Awami League worker named Mubarak Hossain Babu was shot dead in Matlab
Uttar Upazila in Chandpur. He was shot dead in Awami League procession. In this incident,
Babu's son Imran was sent to Dhaka for better treatment in critical condition. Apart from this,
another person who was shot in the leg has been admitted to the Upazila Health Complex.
Awami League presidium member Mofazzal Hossain Chowdhury Maya organized a rally on
June 17 afternoon at Mathabhanga High School grounds of Matlab Upazila in Chandpur to
protest against the threat to kill the Prime Minister. On the way to join the rally with the
procession, Maya Chowdhury's opponent attacked. Mubarak Hossain Babu and his son were
shot. The relatives of the deceased alleged that Union Parishad Chairman Kazi Mizan and his
younger brother Kazi Mateen were involved in the attack and murder. Jubo League leader Amir
Hossain Kalu, the younger brother of the victim, claimed that his brother Mubarak Hossain
Babu (48) was shot dead in a planned manner. The condition of Imran (18), the victim's son, is
critical.173

171
Daily Naya Diganta, “খুলনায় পুলিশের সাথে সংঘর্ষ : বিএনপির ১৩০০ নেতাকর্মীর নামে মামলা,”
May 20, 2023, https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/khulna/749310/খুলনায়-পুলিশের-সাথে-সংঘর্ষ-বিএনপির-
১৩০০-নেতাকর্মীর-নামে-মামলা.
172
The Daily Samakal, “কুমিল্লায় যুবদলের মিছিলে পুলিশের লাঠিচার্জ, আটক ১০,” June 9, 2023,
https://samakal.com/whole-country/article/2306177319/কুমি.
173
Daily Kaler Kantho, “চাঁদপুরে মিছিলে গুলি করে আ. লীগ কর্মীকে হত্যা,” June 17, 2023,
https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/06/17/1290768.

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Photo-Injured BNP activists in the hospital (Source-Daily Inqilab)

On July 12, 2023, in Tangail, 12 leaders of the BNP and its student wing were attacked while on
their way to a gathering in Dhaka. The attackers were activists from the Youth League and
Chhatra League. Several individuals sustained injuries in the attack and are currently receiving
treatment at the Mymensingh Medical College Hospital. The incident occurred on Wednesday
afternoon on the main road of Shimla Bazar in Gopalpur Upazila, Tangail. The victims included
prominent figures such as Jahidul Islam Mohabbat, Sharif Hossain, Saiful Islam, Tarek, Habib
Mirza, Rakibul Islam, Jobayer Hossain Antar, Sadhin, Nazmul Islam, Saiful Islam Sumon, and
Mamun Khan. Armed activists blocked the road, vandalized vehicles, and attacked the victims
violently. They also confiscated mobile phones from the victims. Local assistance was provided,
and the injured were initially taken to Dhonabari Upazila Hospital and later referred to
Mymensingh Medical College Hospital for further treatment.174

Photo- violent police action on BNP leader (Source-Daily Samakal)

On July 27 and 28, 2023, in Dhaka, multiple BNP leaders were reportedly arrested in various
neighborhoods, including close to the party's central office in Nayapaltan, during a significant

174
Daily Inqilab, “সমাবেশের পথে বিএনপির ১২ নেতাকে কুপিয়ে জখম,” July 12, 2023,
https://dailyinqilab.com/bangladesh/news/586983.

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BNP rally on Wednesday night. The arrests were part of a widespread crackdown by the police.
Ruhul Kabir Rizvi, a senior BNP leader, condemned the actions, alleging that over a thousand
party activists had been detained. He demanded the immediate release of those arrested,
criticizing the police's actions as a severe infringement on democratic rights ahead of the
upcoming elections.175

Photo- Awamileage attacked BNP leaders and activists and injured activists in hospital (Source-
The Daily Star)

On August 26, 2023, in Cumilla, at least 15 leaders and activists of the Bangladesh Nationalist
Party (BNP) were injured, two with gunshot wounds, in an alleged attack by Awami League
members. The clash occurred at Goyarbhanga Bazar during a BNP committee meeting while AL
and Jubo League held a procession. Gunfire erupted during the confrontation, leading to
injuries. BNP leaders claim that the house of a local BNP leader was vandalized. Awami League
denies the allegations, asserting that BNP initiated the violence. BNP Secretary General Mirza
175
The Daily Samakal, “রাজধানীতে বিএনপির ৩৬৬ নেতাকর্মী গ্রেপ্তার,” July 27, 2023,
https://samakal.com/capital/article/2307185898/রা.

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Fakhrul condemned the attack, attributing it to the government's attempt to intimidate BNP
ahead of the next general elections. In a separate incident in Sylhet, a crude bomb blast occurred
near the city's court point area during a Chhatra Dal procession. The suspected bomber was
detained by BNP leaders and handed over to the police.176

Photo-Police brutality at Hobiganj on BNP leader (source-Daily Prothom Alo)

On August 19, 2023, in Habiganj, Bangladesh, clashes erupted between BNP (Bangladesh
Nationalist Party) activists and the police during a procession as part of a central program. The
confrontation, starting at 5.0 pm on Saturday, turned the area into a battleground. Police used
batons, rubber bullets, and tear gas, and additional forces were deployed. BNP alleges over 200
injuries, including the district student wing president Shah Rajib Ahmed. Tensions rose as BNP
activists tried to march, resulting in clashes with police firing tear gas and rubber bullets. The
situation was eventually brought under control after hours of unrest, with injuries reported on
both sides. BNP claims over 15 injuries and at least 10 arrests.177

On September 2, 2023, in several districts across Bangladesh, clashes between Awami League
(AL) and Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) activists during BNP's founding anniversary
programs resulted in over 100 injuries, including 13 police personnel. The incidents occurred in
Netrakona, Patuakhali, Magura, Gaibandha, and Bogura. BNP leaders claimed that AL activists,
supported by the police, obstructed their programs. In Netrakona's Kalmakanda, clashes led to
50 injuries, and in Patuakhali's Dashmina upazila, 13 people, including three police personnel,
were injured. Similar clashes occurred in Magura, Bhola, and Bogura, with both parties accusing
each other of initiating violence. Police interventions and retaliations were reported in several
instances to control the situation.178

On September 1, 2023, in the Kalmakanda Upazila of Netrakona, there has been an exchange of
clashes and confrontations between leaders and activists of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party
(BNP) and the Awami League. About 50 people from both sides have been injured. The
situation was brought under control by the police firing blank shots. The incident occurred

176
The Daily Star, “15 BNP Men Injured in ‘AL Attack’ in Cumilla,” August 27, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/15-bnp-men-injured-al-attack-cumilla-3403741.
177
The Daily Prothom Alo, “হবিগঞ্জে বিএনপির পদযাত্রায় পুলিশের গুলি, আহত তিন শতাধিক,” August
19, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/4iur5cz60r.
178
The Daily Prothom Alo, “Attacks and Clashes, Nearly 120 Injured,” September 2, 2023,
https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/politics/yu3i7luyph.

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during the celebration of BNP's founding anniversary. According to eyewitnesses, BNP and
Awami League leaders and activists clashed in front of the party office in the Paschim Marcas
area around noon. The clashes escalated when Awami League activists attempted to hinder BNP
activists from participating in their program, leading to a clash.179

Photo- 1. A police member was killed by the protestor, 2. Clash between Police, Awamileague
and BNP activists 3. Clash between Police, Awamileague and BNP activists 4. An injured BNP
leader was carried to the hospital 5. Putting arson on vehicles

On October 28, 2023, violent clashes erupted between BNP activists and police in downtown
Dhaka, leading to the deaths of a policeman and a BNP leader. The BNP announced a
nationwide hartal (strike), while Jamaat-e-Islami also called for a strike protesting police
actions. The ruling Awami League planned "peace rallies" to counter the hartal. The unrest
began during BNP's rally demanding elections under a non-partisan interim government. As

The Daily Prothom Alo, “কলমাকান্দায় আওয়ামী লীগ-বিএনপির সংঘর্ষে আহত ৫৪, পুলিশের গুলি,”
179

September 1, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/y2zvsryrs5.

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clashes spread, vehicles were torched, and multiple injuries occurred. Police used teargas, sound
grenades, and firearms, while protesters responded with bricks and sticks. BNP's hartal and
accusations against the Awami League escalated tensions, with Home Minister Asaduzzaman
Khan Kamal warning of police action against violence. Two casualties, Shamim Mia (BNP
activist) and Aminul Parvez (policeman), were reported. Over 1,000 BNP activists were injured,
and more than 300 were detained. The situation adds uncertainty and potential volatility ahead
of the January national election.180

Photo-Deceased Ziaul Hasan (Source-Daily jugantar)

On November 30, 2023, In Mirsarai, Chittagong, a young man named Ziaul Hasan (20) was
brutally murdered, his body found near the newly constructed road in Rajapur union of the
Upazila. Ziaul, the son of Mo. Alomgir Hossain from Hadimusha area of Mirsarai Union, was
allegedly killed by members of the ruling party's student wing, reportedly over internal party
disputes. According to sources, Ziaul was involved in local politics despite not attending school
beyond the eighth grade. He worked in supplying earth, bricks, and sand. On the night of the
incident, while returning home from the local market, he was intercepted by some youth
associated with the ruling party's student wing and stabbed. The assailants fled the scene,
leaving Ziaul critically injured. He was rushed to the Mirsarai Upazila Health Complex, where
he succumbed to his injuries. Local residents took him to the hospital, where he was pronounced
dead. The community demands justice for Ziaul's murder, condemning the violence perpetrated
by political activists.181

180
The Daily Star, “BNP Rally Foiled amid Violence,” October 29, 2023,
https://epaper.thedailystar.net/article/Main Edition?OrgId=291039671cd1&eid=1&imageview=1&device=desktop.
181
Prothom Alo, “মিরসরাইয়ে প্রতিপক্ষের হাতে ‘ছাত্রলীগ কর্মী’ খুন,” November 30, 2023,
https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/crime/0gubbi5wj5.

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Photo-Awamileague activists attacked on BNP procession (Source-Kaler Kantho)

On November 15, 2023, the police intervened at the scene to control the situation when clashes
erupted between supporters and opponents during a protest rally in Bogura's Sherpur area.
Police used tear gas and rubber bullets to bring the situation under control, resulting in injuries
to at least 35 individuals, including police officers. The clash occurred during the fifth day of a
blockade called by the BNP and Awami League. At least 15 individuals were admitted to the
local upazila health complex for treatment. BNP and Awami League activists clashed, leading to
stone-throwing and the use of tear gas and rubber bullets by the police. The clashes also led to
damage to property, with a business establishment reportedly vandalized. At least 15 BNP
activists were injured in the violence. The OC of Sherpur Police Station confirmed the use of
tear gas and rubber bullets by the police to disperse the crowd. Five police officers were injured
during the operation.182

182
Kaler Kantho, “বগুড়ায় আ. লীগ-বিএনপির সংঘর্ষে পুলিশসহ আহত ৩৫,” November 15, 2023,
https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/11/15/1336454.

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Photo- Police preventing the BNP activists in a peaceful procession

On December 7, 2023, a clash erupted between police and BNP activists supporting a blockade
in Nandail, Mymensingh. BNP claims 45 activists were harmed, including 20 injured and 2 shot,
while police report injuries to two officers. The incident occurred during a procession
supporting the blockade, where BNP activists confronted police, resulting in a clash. Police
resorted to tear gas and rubber bullets to control the situation. Former BNP Upazila Vice-
Chairman Nasir Khan Choudhury condemned the police action, while police officials
highlighted the need to maintain order during such events.183

Political Arrest and Cases

The political landscape in Bangladesh remained tumultuous in the past year, marked by various
forms of infringement on people's political rights nationwide. The government has employed
various means to suppress dissent, often violating the rights of political activists as per human
rights norms. From the beginning of the year, there were instances of conflict within regional
political opponents, notably within Awami League factions. Post-election, Awami League's
elected candidates and independent candidates faced opposition and conflicts, particularly
within the party.

In different initiatives, the police sometimes impede one side while filing cases against opposing
political activists. In some cases, even if incidents don't occur, the police file fabricated cases.
Moreover, after arresting individuals, the police demand substantial amounts of money in
exchange for bail, subjecting their families to further arrests if the demands are not met. This
phenomenon was particularly notable this year. There have been instances where family
members of the BNP activists were arrested when police raided their house. These people did
not have any previous cases against them.

According to information gathered from various newspapers, 8608 political activists were
arrested, with 8324 from BNP-Jamaat. Simultaneously, in cases against opposition leaders and
workers, at least 629 cases mentioned 14412 individuals, accusing them, while an additional
58960 individuals were accused anonymously in charge sheets. The data presented here are
taken from the most circulated dailies of the country. But the real scenario of politically
motivated arrests is much grimmer. All the cases do not always get documented and as the
arrests are done simultaneously all over the country a huge number does not come out in the
light. In a letter sent to the United Nations, BNP claimed that 25000 of their leaders and activists
were arrested and about 700 cases filed across the country from 28 th October to 31st December
alone. Additionally, another political opposition party Jamaat e Islami has claimed that more
than 3200 of their leaders and activists were arrested during the same time period. These claims
need to be taken seriously. Because the number is mentioned here is very close to the number of
jailed BNP-Jamaat leaders and activists mentioned by Awami League leaders themselves.
183
Kaler Kantho, “বিএনপির অবরোধ : ময়মনসিংহে বিএনপি-পুলিশ সংঘর্ষ, আহত প্রায় অর্ধশত,”
December 7, 2023, https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/12/07/1343370.

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Awami League Presidium Member and Agriculture Minister Dr Abdur Razzak said on 17 th
December, BNP did not agree to the proposal to release all its leaders from jail overnight. He
said the Election Commission has repeatedly said that the election will be deferred if BNP
comes to the polls. Not only will it be postponed, it has been said that everyone will be released
from jail. He said this in an interview to a private TV channel. Abdur Razzak said, "If 20,000
BNP leaders and activists were not arrested, there would be no vehicles on the road because of
the hartal day in Bangladesh today. We had no other choice, there was no alternative. Whatever
we did, we did thoughtfully. If they were not kept in jail, the country would have come to a
standstill.” 184

Photo: BNP leader Amanullah Aman and Goyeshwar Ray harassed and beaten by police.

On August 20, 2023, Anisha Siddika (45), the mother of Tanjilur Rahman, a PhD researcher at
Michigan State University, was arrested in Khulna. This was a result of a Facebook post made
by her son, discussing the role of Sukhranjan Bali in the case against Maulana Delawar Hossain
Sayeedi. Sukhranjan Bali had attended Sayeedi's funeral and criticized law enforcement
agency’s actions. Tanjilur Rahman's post drew attention, leading to a raid on his home by local
Jubo League leaders, during which valuables were stolen, and violence ensued. Anisha Siddika
protested the raid and was subsequently arrested. Prior to this incident, another post by Tanjilur
Rahman mentioned the sharing of his earlier post about Sukhranjan Bali's presence at the
funeral, which seemed to have triggered the incident. Later, a special police operation resulted in
the arrest of Anisha Siddika and two others on suspicion of subversive activities. During the
arrest, the police claimed to seize extremist materials, including religious books, newspapers,
magazines, and electronic devices. The arrested individuals are facing charges under the Special
Powers Act at Khalishpur police station.185

On September 7, 2023, in Jamalpur, Bangladesh, leaders and activists of the Bangladesh

Nationalist Party (BNP) are facing legal challenges related to alleged disappearances. Mamunur
Rahman, BNP's organizational editor in Jamalpur city, was arrested on August 29 on drug-

184
Daily Manabzamin, “একরাতে সব নেতাকে মুক্তির প্রস্তাবেও রাজি হয়নি বিএনপি: কৃষিমন্ত্রী,” December 17,
2023, https://mzamin.com/news.php?news=88687.
185
https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/qq6q1ygi13

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related charges. Subsequently, another case was filed, accusing Mamunur of being involved in
narcotics activities on September 1. However, there are discrepancies in the details, with
Mamunur claiming he was in jail during the alleged incidents. In the past month, over 30 cases
have been filed against more than 2,000 BNP leaders and activists in Jamalpur, with the BNP
labeling them as false or "disappearance" cases. This surge in legal actions has created tension,
and several BNP members are currently in custody. The situation is complex, with conflicting
accounts from witnesses and law enforcement, raising concerns about the fairness of the legal
proceedings.186

On September 19, 2023, in the murder case of Nizam Sarkar, the president of the
Swecchashebak League in Chalibhanga Union, Meghna Upazila, Comilla, a case has been filed.
The main accused is Abdul Kaiyum, a member of the Comilla Zila Parishad. Four individuals,
including Abdul Kaiyum's family members, have been arrested in connection with the case. The
conflict involved a clash between Awami League members led by Abdul Kaiyum and supporters
of Humayun Kabir, the chairman of Chalibhanga Union Parishad. Nizam Sarkar, the League
president, was killed in the incident, and at least 30 others were injured. Abdul Kaiyum resigned
from the Zila Parishad, and the police are currently interrogating the arrested individuals. The
main accused, Abdul Kaiyum, remains at large.187

Photo: Arrested Anisha Siddika with Police (Source: Jugantar)

On 31 October, Aminul Islam Ashfaq, Organising Secretary of Kishoreganj district BNP and
President of Kishoreganj municipality BNP, faced a police raid on his house following his
evasion since political clashes in Dhaka on October 28. When not found at home, his two
younger sons were arrested. Ashfaq, communicating from an undisclosed location, claimed no
prior involvement of his sons in politics and asserted that they faced no charges. However,
police arrested Shahidul Islam Anik and Maksudul Islam Abir, alleging their involvement in
vandalism. Ashfaq accused the police of house ransacking, claiming they poured water on all
beds. Police, including Kishoreganj Additional Superintendent Al Amin Hossain, denied these
allegations, asserting that the arrest followed specific allegations, including government vehicle
186
Prothom Alo, “৩৬ দিনে এক জামালপুর জেলায় বিএনপির নেতা–কর্মীদের বিরুদ্ধে ৩০ ‘গায়েবি
মামলা,’” September 7, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/8dtouu0lfs.
187
Prothom Alo, “কুমিল্লায় স্বেচ্ছাসেবক লীগ নেতা নিহতের ঘটনায় মামলা, গ্রেপ্তার ৪,”
September 19, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/9g8pn9pcwb.

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vandalism and railway line obstruction near Ashfaq's house. The police maintained that the
arrest procedures were lawful and in accordance with the received complaints.188

On October 31, a police raid in Dhaka's Mirpur-13 area aimed to arrest Amanullah Aman, the
former member secretary of Chhatra Dal's Dhaka University unit. Instead, Shahidullah Muslli, a
member of Dhaka Metropolitan South BNP, was arrested. Omar Saifullah, Muslli's son, stated
that there were no known charges against his father during the arrest. Saifullah, a student at a
private university, described the police's disrespectful treatment and the lack of information
about the charges against his father. Additional Commissioner of Dhaka Metropolitan Police,
Mohammad Asaduzzaman, announced at a press conference that Amanullah Aman was arrested
for his involvement in the police killing on October 28. Asaduzzaman claimed that Aman had
led the killings. In a separate incident, police raided BNP leader Ishraque Hossain's Gulshan
residence on October 29 but did not find him. Hossain's family, unaware of any charges, stated
he was later detained in a case related to sabotage during a BNP rally. Additionally, Tajwar M
Awal, the younger son of BNP leader Abdul Awal Mintoo, was briefly detained and later
released by the police.189

Photo- BNP activists were arrested and carried into a prison van (Source-Prothom Alo)

On November 23, 2023, Police have arrested 62 individuals associated with the Bangladesh
Nationalist Party (BNP) and its affiliated organizations nationwide, with 36 arrests made in
Dhaka alone. This follows earlier arrests, bringing the total number of BNP-related arrests to
9,564 since October 28, with 3,104 arrests in Dhaka. BNP claims that a total of 15,600 leaders
and activists have been arrested since their grand rally. The police headquarters has not provided
specific details on these arrests, but the Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP) had previously been
updating the media on daily arrests until November 14.190

188
BBC, “‘পুলিশ বাথরুম থেকে পানি এনে বাসার সব বিছানায় ঢেলে দিছে,’” November 8, 2023,
https://www.bbc.com/bengali/articles/c843v0z2xe7o.
189
BBBC, “‘পুলিশ বাথরুম থেকে পানি এনে বাসার সব বিছানায় ঢেলে দিছে,’” November 8, 2023,
https://www.bbc.com/bengali/articles/c843v0z2xe7o.
190
The Daily Prothom Alo, “বিএনপির আরও ৬২ নেতা–কর্মী গ্রেপ্তার,” December 23, 2023,
https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/92nrv3mtro.

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Political violence cases and speedy trials

Some behavior of Bangladesh's law enforcement agencies and law enforcement agencies has
alarmed human rights activists. The proceedings in these cases gained momentum after a
meeting of the Prime Minister, judges and lawyers on October 21 asked to expedite the trial of
the cases of political violence. In continuation of this, the proceedings of these cases were
conducted by the court at night and the accused were sentenced quickly. It has been seen that
15/16 witnesses were supposed to testify, but the verdict was given with the testimony of 4/5.
Many times, verdicts have been given based on the testimony of police and ruling party workers.
According to newspaper reports, around 1,735 BNP-Jamaat leaders and activists were sentenced
to different terms from August to December in 112 cases. At least 1,522 people were convicted
in 91 cases between November 7 and December 28 alone. BNP standing committee member
Iqbal Hasan Mahmud Tuku, central leaders Aman Ullah Aman, Habibur Rahman Habib, Azizul
Bari Helal and many other senior leaders are among them. Among the convicts are the names of
people who have been missing for a long time and the dead.

Photo: Images of the verdict of political leaders in October-November (Source: Samakal)

The news daily Samakal reveals a surge in verdicts against BNP leaders and activists, notably
during the one-point movement advocating for elections under a non-partisan government. They
indicate that 582 individuals have been sentenced in 33 cases over the past six months, in the
months of October and November, 449 people were sentenced in 27 cases. Notably, the
opposition alleges that the government is selectively targeting active and potential candidates,
aiming to disqualify them ahead of the parliamentary elections.

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Concerns are raised regarding the fairness of the trial process, with accusations of an abnormal
and unfair approach. BNP leaders claim that the government is expediting cases to disrupt the
ongoing movement and prevent qualified candidates from participating in the elections. There
are also many challenges faced by defense lawyers, including limited opportunities for cross-
examination and the expedited nature of trial proceedings. The government is speeding up the
case proceedings by holding courts in the evening to produce verdicts before the election. A
prominent BNP leader Abdul Qadir Vuian Jewel said that there are more than 150 cases against
him. He alleged that he was sentenced to prison in a case where his name was not even in the
charge sheet.

On November 27th, the sentencing of 39 BNP leaders and activists in three cases took place.
These convictions are associated with charges such as unlawful assembly, obstruction of police
work, vandalism, arson, and cocktail explosions. According to Prothom Alo, over the last three
months, 584 BNP members have reportedly been sentenced in at least 34 cases in Dhaka.

In an interesting development, the court is also sentencing the dead and the victims of enforced
disappearances in various cases. The court is also sentencing the dead and the victims of
enforced disappearances in various cases. Abu Taher Diya, who died four years ago was
sentenced an on 21st November. Additionally, Sajedul Islam Sumon and Aminul Islam Jakir
were also sentenced to two and a half years in prison in different cases. These recent events
regarding the fast verdict of the opposition leaders and activists indicate that the government is
desperately creating an environment where the biggest opposition parties in Bangladesh is put in
a disadvantageous situation.

Photo: Abu Taher Daiya, Sajedul Islam Sumon, Aminul Islam Zakir

Attack on houses

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Starting from mid-October, there were attacks on the houses of leaders and activists of BNP
centering the grand rally on October 28 and the subsequent movement. According to newspaper
reports, the homes of at least 130 people were attacked and more than 20 were injured. There
were also incidents of looting and arson in the house during the attack. However, according to
the BNP's claim, 565 of their houses were attacked.

Photos: Attacks across the country at a glance. (Source: Prothom Alo)

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Photo: Vandalized Houses of BNP activists in Narayanganj (Source: Prothom Alo)

In Narayanganj, a staggering 63 houses belonging to BNP leaders and workers have been
vandalized and looted over the past 35 days. This systematic assault, occurring in 31 rounds, has
created an atmosphere of terror. Notably, the victims refrained from filing cases with the police,
citing a lack of trust in law enforcement and fear of further reprisals. Similar attacks unfolded in
Noakhali, with 14 BNP leaders' houses targeted on the night of November 15, coinciding with
the announcement of the parliamentary election schedule. The assailants, reportedly wearing
helmets, engaged in destructive actions, further deepening the apprehension among the
opposition. The attackers also looted money, mobile phone and jewelries from the houses. In
Sitakunda, Chittagong, a group of masked individuals orchestrated attacks on the residences and
businesses of four BNP leaders in the last 20 days. The use of masks and the deliberate targeting
of specific individuals indicate a calculated approach to instill fear within the opposition ranks.
In Jessore, the house of late BNP leader Tariqul Islam was attacked, with youths on motorcycles
hurling 25 cocktails at his residence within a mere one and a half minutes. The swift and
coordinated nature of the attack raises concerns about the involvement of organized groups.
Pabna witnessed intrusive police searches, with houses belonging to BNP leaders Kamruzzaman
Prince and Shimul Biswas being targeted. The reported misbehavior with family members
during these raids adds another layer of distress to the affected households. The former mayor of
Sylhet City Corporation, Ariful Haque Chowdhury, faced a cocktail attack on his residence,
signaling the spread of these targeted actions across diverse regions of the country. In Gournadi,
Barisal, the situation is so intense that it seems that the politics of BNP is unofficially banned.
This has led to covert attacks on BNP leaders and activists. The unlawful takeover of a sweet
shop belonging to a BNP member exemplifies the suppression faced by the opposition. Similar
vandalism and forced closing of businesses belonging to BNP leaders has become a dominant
feature of the area.

The spate of attacks on BNP leaders and activists, particularly at their residences, reflects a
worrisome trend of escalating political violence. The use of masks, helmets, and the alleged
involvement of law enforcement in some incidents suggest a level of organized intimidation
against the opposition. The fear instilled within the targeted individuals is hindering their normal
lives and political activities. Despite the severity of these attacks, the police response has been

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questionable. The lack of cases filed by victims and the apparent reluctance of law enforcement
to take proactive measures raise concerns about the impartiality and effectiveness of the
authorities in addressing politically motivated violence.

Covert Attacks/ Politically motivated/masked attacks on BNP and Jamaat

Considering the overall situation, the state of civil and political rights in Bangladesh in 2023
was alarming. The attacks began around a BNP rally on October 28 and at least 20 attacks
before and after the rally left 16 injured and 04 dead. The attacks took place in Naogaon,
Rajshahi, Natore and Pabna districts. According to the BNP's claim, two of them were killed and
six others were injured in 8 attacks. Jamaat claimed that 22 of its leaders and activists were
injured and three others were killed in 25 attacks. Besides, one activist of Islami Andolon
Bangladesh was injured. In this case, it has been seen that important political personalities are
being picked up in white microbuses in different areas and hacked and hit with hammers, or they
are being attacked wearing helmets. In some cases, the attackers identified themselves as
members of the law enforcement agencies.

Photo: Fazlur Rahman, victim of Brutal Attacks in Natore. (Source: HRSS investigation Desk)

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Photo: Deceased Dr. Kazem Ali in Rajshahi (Source: HRSS investigation desk)

Photo: Another victim of attacks Masud Rana (Juba Dal activist, Natore). (Source: HRSS
investigation Desk)

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Election Violence and Vote Rigging

The 2023 national election in Bangladesh occurred amidst a backdrop of political instability and
polarization, with a history of election-related violence and allegations of vote rigging. Past
elections have been marred by incidents of violence and irregularities, leading to low voter
turnout and disputes over the legitimacy of results. International concerns over electoral
irregularities have prompted actions such as the US implementing visa restrictions on those
undermining the democratic process. The ongoing political divisions between the ruling Awami
League and the opposition BNP, exacerbated by anti-government demonstrations and
subsequent crackdowns, suggest a continuation of unrest post-election. The BNP’s decision to
boycott the election further complicates the political landscape, raising the potential for
heightened dissatisfaction and unrest. The risk of escalating political tensions and violence
following the 2023 elections remains significant, highlighting the challenges faced by
Bangladesh’s democratic institutions in ensuring a fair and peaceful electoral process.

Incident (274)

Death(09) Injured(1512)
Figure 25: Statistics of Election Violence in 2023

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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

The diagram in Figure 25 provides a summary of the election violence incidents in 2023,
revealing a total of 274 incidents. Within these incidents, there were 9 deaths and 1,512 injuries.
These figures highlight the severe and often fatal consequences of election-related violence,
emphasizing the need for significant improvements in election security and conflict prevention
strategies.

Killed in election Violence

6

5
5

2
2

1 1
1

0
0
ly
ay

ne
ch

ril
y

st

r
ry

r
r

be
ar

be

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be
Ju

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Ap
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Figure 26: Monthly comparison of killing in Election Violence in 2023

The line chart in Figure 26 illustrates the monthly comparison of killings due to election
violence throughout 2023. Notably, the data shows spikes in March, and December, with 2, 1,
and 5 deaths respectively. These fluctuations suggest that certain months, potentially coinciding
with key election events or political activities, are particularly prone to violence. The spikes in
election violence in March, and December 2023 can be attributed to the heightened political
activities during these months. December saw a surge in political rallies and protests as various
opposition parties ramped up their activities ahead of the January 2024 elections. The
opposition’s calls for the resignation of the current administration and demands for a neutral
caretaker government added to the tension, resulting in clashes with security forces and rival
political groups

Selected cases are as follows:

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Photo-Awami league activists and police were in action against BNP Activists

On Feberuary 1, 2023, in the ongoing by-elections for the Chapainawabganj-3 (Sadar)

constituency in Bangladesh, clashes erupted between supporters of the Awami League and the
opposing candidate at the Chapainawabganj Ideal College center. The incident resulted in at
least eight injuries. Supporters of the Awami League's candidate, M.Abdul Odu, and the
opposing candidate Samiul Haq Liton clashed as slogans were exchanged. The situation
escalated, leading to clashes between the supporters.191

Photo- Vendalized pendal of vote campaign booth (Source-Daily Janakantha)

On March 25, 2023, a clash erupted between supporters of Awami League (Independent) and
Boat symbol during the Nagdah Union Parishad election in the Alamdanga Upazila of
Chuadanga district. The incident, starting from Saturday night until 10.0 pm, resulted in
conflicts and altercations, leaving 11 people injured, including schoolgirls. Among the injured
are supporters of both parties, such as Zahurulnagar Club member Uddin, his brothers, and
several others. The clash involved physical assault with sticks, rods, and sharp weapons.192

On March 20, 2023, supporters of three defeated candidates in Ward 5 of the Latifpur Union
Parishad (UP) election in Gopalganj Sadar Upazila launched an attack on the election materials
(EVM machines) on Monday evening, claiming the results were rigged. The clash ensued
between the supporters and law enforcement, including at least 25 people, with 10 members of
the police force injured. Later injured Yasin Sheikh (35) died. The incident involved an attempt
to snatch the election materials, and in the process, the convoy of the Assistant Commissioner
(Land) and the Officer-in-Charge (OC) of the Gopalganj Sadar Police Station was attacked. The
clash occurred after the announcement of Sabu Molla's victory in the election, leading to
191
The Daily Prothom Alo, “ভোটের শুরুতেই আ.লীগ ও বিদ্রোহী প্রার্থীর সমর্থকদের মধ্যে
সংঘর্ষ, ককটেল উদ্ধার,” December 7, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/qfq2rl8e2i.
192
Daily Janakantha, “দু’চেয়ারম্যান প্রার্থীর কর্মীদের মধ্যে সংঘর্ষ, আহত ১১,” March 12, 2023,
https://www.dailyjanakantha.com/bangladesh/news/680746.

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protests by the supporters of the other three defeated candidates, Matiar Rahman Fakir, Palu
Molla, and Ibrahim Kazi, who allege irregularities and demand the annulment of the election
results. In response, the law enforcement and election officials faced resistance, leading to the
clash.193

Photo-Injured vote campaigner (Source-Inqilab)

On April 18, 2023, in the aftermath of the Dhanikhali Union Parishad election, at least six
individuals have been brutally attacked and injured by assailants who did not support the
candidacy of UPI Chairman Riaz Talukdar. Monira Sultan, a woman, has filed a case against at
least 40 people for their involvement in the incident. According to Monira, supporters of Riaz
Talukdar were already agitated as they did not endorse her husband, Shahabuddin Haoladar,
who is the general secretary of the Chhatra League in the union. On April 13, Monira's husband
went to purchase necessary items for their home in the college market when he was attacked by
assailants led by Joynal Mridha. Trying to save her husband, Monira was also assaulted by at
least 12 individuals. Subsequently, about 40 assailants launched an indiscriminate attack on
them. When locals intervened, the assailants fled the scene. The injured were initially taken to
the Kalapara Hospital but were later transferred to the Patuakhali Hospital for better medical
care. Monira Sultan alleges that the attackers were supporters of Chairman Riaz Talukdar and
orchestrated the assault due to their opposition to her husband's political stance.194

On 21 May,2023, yesterday evening in ward-44 of Gazipur City, a vehicle carrying the

suspended GCC mayor Zahangir Alam and his mother, Zaida Khatun, was attacked. The
assailants vandalized their Toyota Land Cruiser Prado and hurled bricks at it. Zahangir, an
independent candidate in the mayoral race, accused supporters of Awami League-backed
candidate Azmat Ullah of orchestrating the attack during their campaign in Gopalpur area
around 6:45 pm. Expressing concern over the incident, Zahangir questioned the motive behind

193
Daily Manab Zamin, “গোপালগঞ্জে ইউপি নির্বাচনের ফলাফল ঘোষণা নিয়ে ত্রিমুখী সংঘর্ষ,
পুলিশের গুলিতে নিহত ১,” March 22, 2023, https://mzamin.com/news.php?news=47801.
194
https://dailyinqilab.com/bangladesh/news/569458

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the aggression, emphasizing the right of everyone to participate in the election. Despite attempts
to reach Azmat Ullah for comment, there has been no response.195

On 5 May, 2023 in an alarming incident, Alom Ali, a member of the Bangladesh Nationalist
Party (BNP) and Union Parishad in Shibganj Upazila, Chapai Nawabganj, was brutally
murdered on April 13th. Alom, who faced political rivalry since the Union Parishad elections,
was attacked by a group led by an Awami League supporter during Eid relief distribution.
Allegedly, longstanding tensions with local Awami League leader Angur Ali contributed to the
murder. Despite a recent compromise, the electoral defeat intensified hostilities. BNP leaders
accuse Awami League figures, including Abdul Salam, of orchestrating the murder, highlighting
the escalating political violence in the region. The incident raises concerns about the safety of
political activists.196

Photo- Mufti Syd Mohammad Fazlul Karim (Source- Daily Samakal )

On June 12, 2023 in Barishal, an attack occurred against supporters of mayoral candidate Mufti
Syed Mohammad Fazlul Karim and his workers. The incident took place on Kawnia Main Road
in Barishal city around 9.0 pm on Monday. Several workers from both sides were injured.
Allegations were made about the selection of polling agents, leading to clashes between
supporters of the hand fan candidate and boat workers. The boat workers claimed that the hand
fan candidate's team wanted to enter forcefully, resulting in injuries on both sides. The returning
officer mentioned this as an isolated incident outside the polling center.197

195
Daily Inqilab, “নির্বাচনে সাবেক ইউপি চেয়ারম্যানকে সমর্থন না করায় হামলা, ধানখালীর ৪০
জনের বিরুদ্ধে মামলা,” April 18, 2023, https://dailyinqilab.com/bangladesh/news/569458.
196
Daily Manab Zamin, “ইউপি সদস্য আলম খুন নেপথ্যে ‘নির্বাচনকেন্দ্রিক’ বিরোধ,” May 5, 2023,
https://mzamin.com/news.php?news=53847.
197
The Daily Samakal, “হাতপাখার মেয়র প্রার্থী ফয়জুল করিমের ওপর হামলা,” June 12, 2023,
https://samakal.com/whole-country/article/2306177774/হা.

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Photo- Electoral candidate Ashraful Hossain aka Hero Alam was attacked by Awamileague
caderes (Source-Prothom Alo)
On July 17, 2023 During the Dhaka-17 constituency by-election, police arrested four individuals
for allegedly attacking electoral candidate Ashraful Hossain, also known as Hero Alam, outside
a voting center. The incident occurred at Banani Bidyaniketon School and College, where Hero
Alam was harassed by supporters of the boat symbol. Despite police presence, he was assaulted
outside the center, prompting swift action from law enforcement.198

Photo- Chattra league in action (Source-Daily Samakal)

On November 30, 2023, violence erupted between two factions of Chhatra League during an
event for the nomination submission of an Awami League candidate in Nabiganj Upazila of
Habiganj. At least five individuals were injured during the clash, with Ali Ajgar, Imon Ahmed,
Manna, Saju, and Rimon being the most severely affected. Ali Ajgar was transported to Sylhet
Osmani Medical College due to serious injuries, while the others received treatment at a local
clinic in Nabiganj Upazila. The incident occurred at the New Market area of Nabiganj city on
Thursday morning. The clashes took place amidst an exchange of gunfire, causing panic in the
city. The altercation reportedly started between supporters of Dr. Mushfiq Hossain Chowdhury,
a boat candidate for the upcoming parliamentary election, during a market interaction event
organized in the area. Both factions of Chhatra League clashed, led by Nazimuddola Chowdhury
and Jahidul Islam Rubel, respectively.199

198
The Daily Prothom Alo, “হিরো আলমের ওপর হামলায় চারজন গ্রেপ্তার,” July 17, 2023,
https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/capital/bvlbqcfvk0.
199
Daily Samakal, “ছাত্রলীগের দুই পক্ষের ধাওয়া-পাল্টা ধাওয়া পাঁচজন আহত,” September 30, 2023,
https://samakal.com/whole-country/article/210399/ছা.

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Photo- Deceased Sekander Khan (Source-Prothom Alo)

On December 23, 2023, a person named Skendar Khan (70) has been killed in Kalkini,
Madaripur. The incident is alleged to be a homicide stemming from electoral opposition. The
attack occurred early Saturday in the Bhatbali area of Laxmipur Union. Skendar Khan was
admitted to Sher-e-Bangla Medical College Hospital in Barishal in critical condition and later
succumbed to his injuries around noon. Tahmina Begum, an independent candidate for
Madaripur-3 (comprising Kalkini, Dasar, and Sadar), has alleged that Skendar Khan was their
supporter. It is claimed that supporters of Abdus Sobhan Golap, the current MP and candidate
for this constituency, attacked and killed him during a rally last Thursday. The deceased,
Skendar Khan, was the son of late Amir Hossain Khan from the Bhatbali area of Laxmipur
Union, where he was a member of the Awami League committee for Ward 8.200

Photo- Injured vote campainers (Source-Prothom Alo)

On December 29, 2023, a clash between supporters of two parties occurred during a rally for
Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's election campaign in Barishal. A person named Siraj Sikder fell
ill during the altercation and later died in the hospital. Fifteen people were injured in the clash.

Prothom Alo, “মাদারীপুরে স্বতন্ত্র প্রার্থী তাহমিনার এক সমর্থককে কুপিয়ে হত্যা,”

200

December 23, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/au2w8qw5sf.

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Incumbent MP Pankaj Nath did not receive party nomination, running independently, while
Shammi Ahmed, whose candidacy was canceled due to dual citizenship, represented the Awami
League. Former Juba League general secretary Bhutto Molla claimed that bottles were thrown
by Shammi's supporters, leading to the scuffle.201

On December 31, 2023, in the twelve days since the start of election campaigning for the
upcoming parliamentary elections, the country has witnessed 184 incidents of attacks, clashes,
vandalism, and destruction. A total of 215 individuals have been arrested in connection with
these cases. Deputy Inspector General (Operations) Anwar Hossain of the Police Headquarters
stated that from December 18 to December 29, a total of 184 incidents of attacks, clashes,
vandalism, and destruction have been reported across different police stations in the country.202

201
Prothom Alo, “বরিশালে জনসভা মাঠে মারামারি, একজনের মৃত্যু,” December 29, 2023,
https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/iqx69b8kwu.
202
Prothom Alo, “প্রচারণা শুরুর পর হামলা-সংঘর্ষের ১৮৪ মামলা, গ্রেপ্তার ২১৫,” December 23,
2023, v.

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Public Lynching
Public lynching, a form of mob justice, has become a recurring issue in Bangladesh in recent
years, with over 600 incidents reported in the last eight years. The violent act involves attacks
on individuals based on perceived wrongdoing, often without a fair trial or legal process. The
reasons behind public lynching can vary from accusations of theft or robbery to suspicion of
being involved in a crime. The pattern of public lynching cases in Bangladesh suggests that it is
often carried out in public places, with bystanders actively participating in the violence. Social
media has played a role in spreading false information and inciting violence against the accused.

Public lynching cases often target vulnerable groups such as religious minorities, migrant
workers, and marginalized communities. The rise in these incidents highlights the need for
urgent action to address the underlying factors that contribute to this trend and to ensure that
justice is served through lawful means. The absence of speedy investigations and trials, lack of
proper education, and a sense of entitlement have been blamed for such heinous acts.

Total
Incidents
(114)

Killed
(73)

Injured (91)

Figure 27: Statistics of Public Lynching from January to December’23

The statistics on public lynching in Bangladesh for 2023 paint a grim picture of mob violence.
There were 114 incidents of public lynching reported throughout the year, resulting in 73 deaths
and 91 injuries. This high incidence of lynching and the significant number of fatalities and
injuries indicate a pervasive issue with mob justice and a failure of legal and law enforcement
systems to protect individuals from such extrajudicial actions. The data underscores a critical
need for stronger legal frameworks, community education, and swift law enforcement responses
to prevent such incidents and protect the rights and lives of individuals at risk of mob violence.

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Death by Public Lynching

20
18
18
16
14
12
10
8 7 7 7
6
6 5 5 5 5 5
4
2
2 1
0

ly
ay

ne
ch

ril
y

st

r
ry

r
r

be
ar

be

be
be
Ju

gu
Ap
ua

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Ju
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m
em
M

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Oc

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Ja

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Figure 28: Monthly Comparison of Public Lynching

The graph showing the number of people who died each month in public lynching in
Bangladesh in 2022 is a cause for concern. The numbers suggest that public lynching remains a
serious issue in the country, with several incidents occurring each month. Looking at the graph,
we can see that the number of deaths from public lynching varies from month to month. January
and February had the same number of deaths, with 4 each. In March, the number of deaths
decreased slightly to 3. April had zero deaths, but this was followed by an increase in May,
which saw 4 deaths. June had the highest number of deaths, with 5 reported incidents. The
numbers decreased again in July and August to 3 and 1 deaths respectively. September had 3
deaths reported, followed by another increase in October to 5 deaths. November saw a decrease
to 1 death, followed by a final increase in December to 5 deaths. The fluctuations in the numbers
suggest that efforts to combat the problem have not been entirely effective, and more needs to be
done to address the underlying factors driving mob violence.

Some important cases are given below:

Photo-Deceased ismail Hossain, Nure Alam (Source-Prothom Alo)

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On January, 2023, In a tragic incident, two individuals lost their lives, and one person sustained
injuries in a suspected robbery-related clash in the Palasuta village of Darora Union in
Muradnagar Upazila, Comilla. The incident occurred around 11 PM last night. The deceased
have been identified as Ismail Hossen (30) from Palasuta village in Muradnagar Upazila and
Nure Alam (35) from Kaziatal village. Their bodies have been placed in Comilla Medical
College Hospital. The injured individual, identified as Shahjahan, a resident of Ward 24 in the
Kotwali area of Comilla City Corporation, has been admitted to Comilla Medical College
Hospital. Sources suggest that there has been an increase in thefts and robberies in Palasuta and
Kaziatal villages in Muradnagar Upazila over the past few days, causing unrest among the
locals. Last night, a gathering was taking place near the mosque in Palasuta village, where
suddenly news spread about the entry of robbers into the village. A public announcement was
made through the mosque's loudspeakers, informing the villagers about the intrusion of robbers.
In response, enraged locals armed with sticks gathered on the streets. At that moment, three
suspicious young men were detained and subjected to beating by some villagers. The situation
escalated, leading to a violent confrontation resulting in the death of two individuals 203

Photo- Deceased Emad Ahmed (Source-Daily Jugantar)

On February 14, 2023, A tragic incident unfolded in Sylhet’s Osmaninagar as Emad Ahmed
(35), the son of Doyamir Bazar Banik Samity’s treasurer and Kowarai village’s Sorab Ali
Master, lost his life after being hit by a truck during a police chase. The incident occurred
around 4 pm on Tuesday on the Sylhet-Dhaka highway in the Sowargaon area. According to
eyewitnesses, the highway police were seizing auto-rickshaws as part of their routine duty in the
Kurua area. At that moment, Emad, riding a motorcycle, tried to evade the police but collided
with a truck coming from behind. The impact caused him to fall onto the highway, resulting in a
fatal accident. Following the incident, enraged locals engaged in a two-hour protest, blocking
the highway and causing disruption to vehicular movement. Sub-Inspector Abdul Karim was
injured during the chaos. Abdul Karim was sent to Sylhet Osmani Medical College Hospital for
treatment. The Officer-in-Charge of Osmaninagar Police Station, Jahidul Islam, confirmed the
203
The Daily Prothom Alo, “মাইকে ঘোষণার পর ডাকাত সন্দেহে গণপিটুনিতে দুজন নিহত, আহত ১,”
January 13, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/q91q5lg6qh.

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incident, stating that the collision occurred when an auto-rickshaw tried to escape the police’s
attempt to seize it on the highway. Emad Ahmed, the injured police officer, was sent to Sylhet
Osmani Medical College Hospital for medical attention. The situation is now under control after
the police arrived at the scene.204

On March 4, 2023, An 18-year-old boy was killed allegedly in a mob beating in Kishorganj’s
Kularchar upazila on Friday night. The deceased was identified as Rabbi Mia, son of Mirjali
Mia of Bajitpur upazila. Quoting locals, Mohammad Gulam Mustafa, officer-in-charge of
Kuliarchar Police Station, when Rabbi was waiting near a motorcycle on the Jam-e Masjid road
around 11:30pm, a group suspecting he was a motorcycle thief began beating him
indiscriminately. He was left critically injured. The attackers took him to Kuliarchar Upazila
Health Complex, where doctors declared him dead. No case was filed or arrest made in this
regard till the filing of the report at 6:40pm yesterday.205

On June 5, 2023, Sohel (33), A shopkeeper was beaten and stabbed by a mob in front of Police
Staff College in the capital’s Mirpur-13 yesterday for allegedly hurting religious sentiments. A
team of Kafrul Police Station rescued and sent him to Dhaka Medical College Hospital around
9:45pm, said Saddam Hossain, sub-inspector of the police station. “Someone hacked my
Facebook profile and shared a derogatory comment on religion. I was viciously beaten and
stabbed by locals,” said the victim. At least 10 policemen were injured while trying to rescue the
victim, said Kamrul Islam, inspector (investigation) of Kafrul Police Station. A group of people
went to the victim’s shop around 7:30pm, pulled him out and started assaulting him. Local
ouncilor Jamal Mostafa, rushed to the spot to protect him but he also faced the mob’s wrath.
After they were rescued, the mob grew larger and people started throwing bricks and other
objects at police, the inspector said. Chases and counter-chases between police and the mob
lasted until around 10:00pm, said Khandakar Mahid Uddin, additional commissioner of Dhaka
Metropolitan Police. Three people were detained , Kamrul said.206

On July 12, 2023, A laborer named Saddam Hossen was allegedly beaten to death on suspicion
of mobile phone theft in Comilla city. The incident took place near Gate 1 of the Rupatani
Processing Zone. Saddam, aged 27, worked for Abir Security Service and was returning home
when accused by a group of youths. Despite seeking refuge, he was beaten and later succumbed
to his injuries in the hospital. Family demands justice as investigation continues.207

On August 6, 2023, Asad Uddin Mollah, suspected of being a dacoit, was allegedly beaten to
death in Gazipur. The incident occurred near the Turag River in the Mojlishpur area. Asad and
his nephew, Nur Hossain, were present, with Nur Hossain sustaining injuries. Abdul Malek
Mollah, Asad’s son, filed a murder case implicating 150 unidentified individuals. The
204
The Daily Jugantor, “সড়কে যুবক নিহতের ঘটনায় দুই পুলিশকে গণপিটুনি,” February 14, 2023,
https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/645150/স.
205
The Daily Star, “18-Yr-Old Killed in Mob Beating,” March 5, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/18-yr-old-killed-mob-beating-3263076.
206
The Business Standard, “Man Gets Stabbed in Mirpur amid Clash over Hurting Religious Sentiment,” June 5,
2023, https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/man-gets-stabbed-mirpur-amid-clash-over-hurting-religious-sentiment-
644170.
207
Prothom Alo, “কুমিল্লায় চোর সন্দেহে শ্রমিককে পিটিয়ে হত্যা,” July 12, 2023,
https://prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/biu9cuvtfi.

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Mojlishpur area in Gazipur has become devoid of men. Asad, a farmer from Kurigram, engaged
in fishing for livelihood. On Saturday night, locals accused them of being dacoits, causing a boat
collision. Asad died from the alleged beating, and Nur Hossain was injured. Police recovered
Asad’s body, and an investigation is ongoing to determine the facts. The family denies Asad’s
involvement in dacoity.208

On 30th Septeber, 2023, In Hatia Upazila, Noakhali, a young man has been allegedly beaten to
death on suspicion of theft. The incident occurred Saturday dawn in Ward 6 of Haruni Union in
Kajir Tek Gram. The police in Hatia have detained three individuals for questioning in
connection with the incident. The deceased, identified as Mohammad Kabir Uddin, is the son of
Ahmed Karim from Buriarchar village in the Haruni Union. According to local sources, Kabir
noticed someone standing near the window when he entered his house after fishing in the Belal
River in Kajir Tek Gram. When he shouted “thief,” locals rushed out, and Kabir chased the
suspect towards the canal. Kabir fell into the canal during the chase, and he was found with
injuries to his head and face. It is suspected that he was beaten to death over the theft suspicion.
The police in Hatia, led by Officer-in-Charge Jisan Ahmed, recovered the body and sent it to
Noakhali General Hospital for autopsy. Three individuals have been arrested for further
investigation, and legal action will be taken based on the inquiry results to determine the exact
cause of death.209

On November 20, 2023, A tragic incident unfolded in Bogura, where a teenager named Joy
Islam (17) was fatally beaten over an alleged theft accusation. The incident occurred at the
residence of Montu Mia in Kazi Nurul Gram of Lahiri Para Union in Bogura Sadar Upazila on
Sunday night. Joy, the son of Sadhin Mia of Baruipara village in Shaharaiya Union of Bogura
Sadar, was accused of theft and subsequently assaulted, leading to his death. Three individuals
have been detained for questioning in connection with the fatal attack. The body has been sent to
Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital for autopsy. Police are preparing to file a case
in connection with the incident. Local sources indicate that the preliminary information suggests
the teenager was beaten to death on suspicion of theft. Investigations are underway, and the
identities of those detained are not disclosed for investigative purposes. Witnesses report that the
victim entered Montu’s house, where he was accused of theft, leading to a confrontation and
subsequent fatal beating. Despite attempts to take the injured teenager to the hospital, he
succumbed to his injuries at the scene. The perpetrators then locked their house and concealed
themselves. Family members of the deceased deny any involvement in theft and are bewildered
by the motive behind the fatal attack. Joy had left home after mentioning recharging his mobile
phone but never returned, leading to the tragic turn of events.210

208
Daily Samakal, “‘ডাকাত’ সন্দেহে বৃদ্ধকে পিটিয়ে হত্যা, নাতি আহত,” August 6, 2023,
https://samakal.com/whole-country/article/2308188129.
209
Daily Kaler Kantho, “হাতিয়ায় চোর সন্দেহে একজনকে পিটিয়ে হত্যার অভিযোগ, আটক ৩,” September 3,
2023, https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/09/30/1322569.
210
Daily Inqilab, “বগুড়ায় চোর চোর রব তুলে কিশোরকে পিটিয়ে হত্যা,” November 20, 2023,
https://dailyinqilab.com/bangladesh/news/618404.

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On December 4, 2023, Local residents accuse Saiful Mallik (17) of beating a young man to
death on Sunday evening in Padmavila village, Parulia Union, Kashiani, for allegedly stealing a
goat. The deceased, Saiful Islam Mallik, was Rokon Uddin Mallik’s son from Machiyara
village, Mukshudpur Upazila, Gopalganj. Police have arrested Omar Ali, the goat owner, in
connection with the incident. Muhammad Firoz Alam, Officer-in-Charge of Kashiani Police
Station, confirmed the incident. He stated that Saiful attempted to steal Omar Ali’s goat from
Padmavila village and tried to escape on a van. When caught, he was severely beaten by locals.
In critical condition, Saiful was taken to the Kashiani 100-bed Upazila Health Complex and
pronounced dead by attending physicians. Omar Ali has been arrested by the police in
connection with the incident, and the body has been sent to Gopalganj General Hospital for
autopsy.211

Labour Rights
Bangladesh has a long history of labor exploitation and abuse, with low-cost labor being a
cornerstone of its economy, particularly in the garment and textile industries. Despite some
positive developments in labor rights in recent years, including the ratification of international
conventions and the passing of new labor laws, workers continue to face significant challenges.
211
Daily Jugantor, “কাশিয়ানীতে ছাগলচোর সন্দেহে যুবককে পিটিয়ে হত্যার অভিযোগ,” December 4,
2023, https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/747589/কা.

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The country’s labor laws are not always enforced, resulting in ongoing issues of low wages,
long hours, and unsafe working conditions. Instances of factory fires and collapses have led to
the loss of many lives. The payment of wages is a major challenge in addressing labor unrest,
with many workers not being paid on time, leading to protests and strikes.

To address this issue, a wage board has been created to set minimum wages and enforce
penalties for non-compliance. However, the situation remains challenging for workers in
Bangladesh, with labor rights still being ignored in many cases. Prioritizing the rights and safety
of workers is crucial for a sustainable and just economy in Bangladesh.

Labor Rights Violence

Death Death; 148

Killed Killed; 31

Shoot Shoot; 8

Injured Injured; 336

Incidents Incidents; 200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Series1

Figure 29: Statistics of Labour Rights Violation

The data on labor rights violations in Bangladesh for 2023 reveals a deeply concerning scenario,
with 200 recorded incidents resulting in significant human costs. There were 350 reported
injuries, indicating frequent and severe clashes between workers and authorities or employers.
Additionally, the data shows 421 individuals killed and 148 deaths, highlighting a substantial
loss of life directly or indirectly linked to labor disputes. The fact that 8 individuals were shot
underscores the extreme measures sometimes employed to suppress labor movements. These
statistics underscore the urgent need for stronger labor protections, better working conditions,
and more effective conflict resolution mechanisms to prevent such high levels of violence and
fatalities in labor disputes.

Selected cases are as follows:

On January 30, 2023, Garment workers protesting for overdue salaries in the South Khan area of
the capital faced attacks, including an alleged kidnapping of a labor leader, by Chhatra League
members. More than 10-12 workers, including a severe case, were reportedly injured. The
protest began on Sunday in the Mollar Tek area, involving around 200 workers. The workers

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claim they haven’t received their wages for the past two months, leading to the demonstration.
The factory owners assured to pay on January 29, but when they didn’t, the workers resumed the
protest. The situation escalated when Chhatra League members, led by Abir, allegedly attacked
the workers. Several female workers were also reportedly assaulted. Workers further claim that
Ruhul Amin, a leader of the labor federation, was abducted during the incident. The situation
remains tense as the workers continue their agitation for fair wages.212

Photo- Deceased construction workers (Source-Prothom Alo)

On February 3, 2023, Two construction workers in Rajshahi were allegedly beaten to death after
being accused of theft. The incident took place at a businessman's residence in the Supura area,
where the workers were detained and assaulted. The police intervened, rescued the workers, and
took them to the hospital. Unfortunately, one worker was declared dead on arrival, and the other
succumbed to injuries during treatment. Four individuals, including the businessman's son and
father-in-law, have been arrested. Investigations are ongoing, and the bodies will undergo post-
mortem, leading to a murder case being filed.213

On March 11, 2023, A horrifying incident unfolded in the village of Bridhigao in the Bairchuna
Union of Thakurgaon's Pirganj Upazila, where a laborer was brutally murdered over a trivial
dispute involving two hundred taka. The gruesome incident occurred on Wednesday night.
According to reports, Kamruzzaman and Haribad made a verbal agreement with Joynddin, a day
laborer, to cut mustard. However, when Kamruzzaman brought the wages, a disagreement over
twenty taka ensued. This minor dispute escalated, leading Kamruzzaman and Haribad to
violently attack Joynddin, strangling him to death. The disagreement over a paltry sum resulted
in a tragic loss of life. The incident has been reported to the Pirganj Police Station, and an
investigation is underway. The authorities have expressed their commitment to apprehending the
assailants and ensuring justice for this senseless act of violence.214

212
Daily Ittefaq, “রাজধানীতে শ্রমিকের ওপর ছাত্রলীগের হামলার অভিযোগ,” January 30, 2023,
রাজধানীতে শ্রমিকের ওপর ছাত্রলীগের হামলার অভিযোগ%0A.
213
Prothom Alo, “চুরির অভিযোগ তুলে দুই শ্রমিককে বেঁধে দফায় দফায় নির্যাতন থামল
মৃত্যুতে,” February 3, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/oggsev13yz.
214
Daily Janakantha, “দুইশত টাকার জন্যে দিনমজুরকে গলা চিপে হত্যা,” March 2, 2023,
https://www.dailyjanakantha.com/bangladesh/news/679785.

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Photo- Victim Child (Source-Prothom Alo)

On April 12, 2023, A brutal assault on a 12 or 13-year-old domestic worker in Jashore has led to
the detainment of the alleged perpetrators, Shamin Ahmed (32) and his wife Jannat Jui. The girl,
who had been working for the couple for nine months, suffered severe injuries, including
bloodshot eyes, facial wounds, and injuries to her toes. The assault involved the use of a rolling
pin, knife, and a dish antenna wire. The incident came to light when a neighbor noticed the girl's
distress and informed the police. The victim, despite her trauma, managed to convey the
brutality to the police. The police have detained the accused, and the victim has been admitted to
Jashore General Hospital for medical examination and treatment. Further actions will be taken
based on the ongoing investigation, including the filing of a written complaint by the victim. 215

Photo-Bilquis Begum (Source-Daily Kaler Kontho)

On August 6, 2023, In Karimganj, Kishoreganj, a female laborer named Bilquis Begum (40)
was allegedly beaten to death by an Awami League leader, Nurul Alam. The incident occurred
in the Indachuli village of Gunadhur Union. Bilquis Begum's family, owing money to Nurul
Alam, faced a violent confrontation when he visited their house. During the altercation, Bilquis

215
Prothom Alo, “কাজে দেরি হলেই গৃহকর্মীর ওপর নেমে আসত নির্যাতনের খড়্গ,” April 13, 2023,
https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/5fijeoqi3f.

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Begum was brutally beaten with sticks, leading to her death. The family claims the attack was
due to an unpaid debt. Nurul Alam is currently in hiding, and legal proceedings are underway.216

Photo-Tortured teen (Source –Naya Diganta)

On October 2, 2023, A teenage worker in a textile mill in Madhabdi, Narshingdi, faced

inhumane torture following allegations of theft. The victim, associated with Jabar Mia's mill,
was reportedly beaten, physically tortured, and subjected to night-long brutality after being
accused of theft. The incident unfolded when he failed to report to work for three days,
prompting his family to find him in a distressed state, hanging from a tree with signs of physical
abuse. The assailants, responsible for the torture, attempted to suppress the crime, but a video of
the victim's ordeal surfaced on social media, leading to public outrage. The victim's father, a day
laborer, expressed his helplessness and sought justice, highlighting the threat of false charges
against him when attempting to file a case. Following the incident, the police arrested Jabbar
Mia and initiated legal proceedings, while the victim, traumatized by the prolonged abuse,
struggles to cope with the aftermath. The local police officer-in-charge confirmed the arrest and
mentioned ongoing efforts to apprehend other suspects involved in the crime.217

216
Daliy Kalerkantho, “ইটখোলার নারী শ্রমিককে পিটিয়ে মারল আওয়ামী লীগ নেতা,” July 6, 2023,
https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/08/06/1305823.
217
Daily Naya Diganta, “মাধবদীতে চুরির অপবাদ দিয়ে কিশোর শ্রমিককে অমানুসিক নির্যাতন,”
October 2, 2023, https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/dhaka/781258/মা.

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Photo- Violent clash spread between garment worker and police (Source-Daily Star)

On October 31, 2023, A garment worker, Rasel Hawlader, was fatally shot during clashes
between readymade garment (RMG) workers and law enforcement personnel in Gazipur. The
incident occurred amid the ongoing demonstrations by RMG workers, demanding a minimum
monthly salary of Tk 23,000. Rasel, an electrician at Design Express Ltd in Gazipur, was
returning from work when police allegedly fired at protesters, resulting in his death. The clashes
also left another worker critically injured. The garment workers’ protests, now spanning seven
consecutive days, have disrupted highways and led to instances of arson. Authorities responded
with teargas, rubber bullets, and water cannons. The clashes in Ashulia, where a worker was hit
in the head with rubber bullets, resulted in 30 injuries. The unrest has been attributed to
confusion regarding the proposed minimum wage of Tk 10,400, with the actual wage yet to be
determined by the wage board. State Minister for Labour and Employment, Monnujan Sufian,
emphasized that the wage board has until November 30 to announce the new minimum salary,
which will be effective from January.218

218
The Daily Star, “Two Killed as Violence Erupts,” October 31, 2023, https://epaper.thedailystar.net/article/Main
Edition?OrgId=31105c204347&eid=1&imageview=1&device=desktop.

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Photo- mourning family members of Anjuara khatun

On November 8, 2023, In Gajipur, a clash between police and protesting garment workers
demanding a minimum wage of 23,000 taka led to the death of a female worker named Anjuara
Khatun (30). The clash occurred in a neighborhood of Konabari area. Anjuara was rushed to
Dhaka Medical College Hospital in critical condition, where she succumbed to her injuries. The
protest erupted following dissatisfaction with the government's decision to raise the minimum
wage to 12,000 taka after negotiations between owners and worker representatives. Garment
workers from various areas, including Konabari and Jarun, staged demonstrations, prompting
the police to respond with rubber bullets and tear gas. At least 10 workers were injured in the
clashes, some seriously. The situation escalated with workers blocking roads, vandalizing
vehicles, and setting tires on fire. Police tried to control the situation by firing tear gas and
rubber bullets and deploying additional forces. Some injured workers were admitted to nearby
hospitals for treatment. The situation remains tense, with police maintaining a heavy presence to
prevent further escalation of violence. Ongoing negotiations between worker representatives and
factory owners have yet to yield a resolution to the wage dispute.219

Photo-Dead body of Anis Gaji (Source-Naya Diganta)

On December 31, 2023, Anis Gaji, a 55-year-old laborer, was allegedly tortured to death by the
watchman Sardar Chalam and associates at a brick kiln in Kalibari, Gulishakhali, on December
31. Anis, from Dalachara village, had reportedly lent money to Chalam. His wife, Feroza
Begum, claimed Anis was assaulted while working, leading to his death. Police recovered Anis'

219
Prothom Alo, “গাজীপুরে পুলিশের সঙ্গে সংঘর্ষে নারী পোশাকশ্রমিক নিহত,” November 8, 2023,
https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/3rtc7951z3.

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body with signs of torture and are investigating the case, including questioning Anis' colleague.
Accusations have been made against the brick kiln owner and local figures.220

Inhuman Torture by Law Enforcement Agencies

220
Daily Naya Diganta, “আমতলীতে লোহার শিকলে বেঁধে নির্যাতনে ইটভাটার শ্রমিক হত্যা,”
December 31, 2023, https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/barishal/802804/আ#google_vignette.

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The issue of torture by law enforcement agencies in Bangladesh remains deeply entrenched and
pervasive, reflecting a troubling culture of impunity. Despite legislative measures aimed at
preventing torture and custodial deaths, instances of abuse continue unabated. Law enforcement
officers often engage in severe mistreatment of detainees, including physical torture,
psychological abuse, and other forms of inhumane treatment. The lack of accountability and the
rare prosecution of perpetrators further exacerbate the situation, allowing these abuses to persist
without consequence. The judiciary's limited action and the absence of thorough, impartial
investigations into allegations of torture contribute significantly to this crisis. In many cases,
victims and their families face intimidation and threats, discouraging them from seeking justice.
Moreover, the failure to provide adequate reparations and support to survivors highlights the
systemic neglect and disregard for human rights. Public trust in the legal and law enforcement
systems is severely undermined, fostering an environment where abuses are not only tolerated
but expected. The scenario of inhuman torture in Bangladesh, documented by HRSS, over the
period of the 2022 is detailed below:

Inhuman Torture by LEA

201

63

Incidents Torture

Figure 30: Statistic of Inhuman Torture by Law enforcement Agencies

The data on inhuman torture by law enforcement agencies in Bangladesh for 2023 reveals a
disturbing trend. There were 63 reported incidents of inhuman torture, affecting a total of 201
individuals. This indicates that each incident often involved multiple victims, highlighting a
systemic issue within law enforcement practices. The high number of torture cases suggests a
severe problem with the use of excessive force and illegal methods during interrogations or
detentions. This underscores the urgent need for comprehensive reforms within law enforcement
agencies, including better training, stricter oversight, and the implementation of mechanisms to
hold perpetrators accountable for human rights violations.

Selected cases are stated below:

On January 16, 2023, Mustakim, arrested for protesting against the increased dialysis costs in
Chittagong, has accused the police of torture. On Monday evening, he stated that after being

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arrested and taken to the police station, a police officer beat him with a baton. The beating left
visible injuries from his forehead to his feet.

Photo- Brutally tortured leg of Mustakim (Source-Prothom Alo)

Mustakim was released on bail from the central jail in Chittagong on Sunday evening. He was
arrested by the police from the Panchlaish Police Station last Tuesday. According to Mustakim,
after being taken to the police station, he was taken to a room by a police officer from the
Panchlaish Police Station without any nameplate. He was beaten with a baton for 15 to 20
minutes. When he tried to cover himself, the police officer asked, 'Will you misbehave with the
OC, sir?'

The Officer-in-Charge (OC) was not present during the alleged torture, Mustakim claimed. The
Human Rights Foundation, in an application to the Inspector General of Police (IGP), demanded
an investigation into the allegations of torture against the police officer involved.
Simultaneously, Mustakim has also filed a complaint with the Rapid Action Battalion (RAB),
Police Bureau of Investigation (PBI), or the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) for a
thorough investigation.221

221
The Daily Prothom Alo, “ওসি স্যারের সঙ্গে আর বেয়াদবি করবি?’,” January 16, 2023,
https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/crime/n9dnuslcvp.

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Photo-Police clashed with BNP leaders and activists

On February 25, 2023, In a procession organized by Comilla North District BNP, clashes
occurred with the police, resulting in a change in the direction of the procession, stone pelting,
and the firing of bullets. As a consequence, at least 25 BNP leaders and activists, including local
leader Aktaruzzaman, were injured. The incident took place on Saturday evening in the
Chandina and Debidwar bordering areas of Dhaka-Chittagong highway. According to the BNP
local leaders, more than 500 party members gathered in Debidwar and Chandina areas around 3
PM as part of a central program. BNP leaders, including central Joint Secretary General
Habibun Nabi Khan Sohel, Central Executive Committee member Dr. Maruf Khandakar, and
Comilla North District BNP Convener Aktaruzzaman, were present. Police reported that BNP
leaders and activists tried to defy traffic restrictions on the Dhaka-Chittagong highway, leading
to a confrontation. When the police attempted to stop them, BNP activists changed the course of
the procession and engaged in stone-pelting. In response, the police allegedly fired rubber
bullets and 13 rounds of tear gas. BNP claimed that in addition to rubber bullets and tear gas, the
police also used live ammunition, injuring at least 25 activists. Among the injured, Jashim
Uddin, Khokon Khan, Alamgir Hossain, and Mosharraf Hossain were identified. Several injured
activists received medical treatment at Comilla and Dhaka Medical College Hospitals and
various private hospitals. BNP leaders accused the police of unprovoked attacks during their
peaceful procession. Comilla North District BNP Convener Aktaruzzaman stated that they had
planned a peaceful procession, but the police attacked them without warning, resulting in
injuries to 25 activists.Chandina Police Station Officer-in-Charge Uddin Khan stated that BNP
activists attempted to create traffic disruption on the highway in the name of a procession. When
the police intervened, the activists attacked them, leading to the use of batons, rubber bullets,
and tear gas. Two constables were reportedly injured during the clash.222

222
The Daily Samakal, “কুমিল্লায় বিএনপির পদযাত্রায় পুলিশের লাঠিচার্জ-গুলি, আহত ২৫,”
February 25, 2023, https://samakal.com/whole-country/article/2302158994/কু.

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Photo- Injured Alimul Sakib (Source-Daily Manab Zamin)

On March 14, 2023, A recent clash at Rajshahi University involving police firing rubber bullets
has left several students injured. Alimul Sakib, a marketing department student, suffered severe
eye injuries during the incident. The conflict originated from a dispute over bus fare, escalating
into a confrontation between students and local residents. Over 200 students were injured as the
police intervened with tear gas and rubber bullets. Al-Amin Islam from the law department and
Mahfuz from the ICT department also sustained eye injuries. The injured students are
undergoing medical treatment, with some referred to Dhaka for specialized care. The university
administration, including the Vice-Chancellor, assures support for medical expenses. The
incident raises concerns about the excessive use of force by the police, prompting calls for a
thorough investigation.223

Photo-Police violence on BNP activists

On April 1, 2023, A clash unfolded in Khulna city's KD Ghosh Road area as police confronted
BNP members during the party's sit-in protest, leading to a battleground-like scenario. The clash
resulted in injuries to at least 12 BNP activists. Simultaneously, nationwide sit-in programs by
BNP protesters turned violent in Natore and Pirojpur, leaving a total of 27 people injured. The
223
Daily Manab Zamin, “চোখ হারাতে বসেছেন গুলিবিদ্ধ রাবির তিন শিক্ষার্থী,” March 14, 2023,
https://mzamin.com/news.php?news=46687.

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incidents occurred during the party's protests against rising prices and to emphasize their 10-
point demands, including holding the next general election under a caretaker government. The
clashes involved brickbat throwing between BNP and Awami League members, prompting
police intervention to restore order. In Jamalpur, 20 BNP and Jamaat-Shibir members were
arrested and charged with attempting to sabotage government properties.

Photo-OC Mostafiz, Inspector Suruj and injured Abu Jafar (Source- Prothom Alo)

On June 16, 2023, The recently replaced Officer-in-Charge (OC) Sheikh Mohammad Mostafizur
Rahman and Inspector (Investigation) Suruj Uddin Ahmed of Padma Bridge South Police
Station in Sherpur have been temporarily relieved of their duties, as ordered by the Police
Headquarters in Dhaka. Mostafizur Rahman has been transferred to Chittagong, while Suruj
Uddin has been attached to the Barishal Range. This action follows an incident involving the
alleged assault and robbery of businessman Abu Jafar, leading to accusations against the police
officers. The investigation report has been submitted, and the officers are temporarily removed
pending further decisions. The fate of Additional Superintendent of Police Rasel Munir, also
implicated, remains uncertain. No official decisions have been made, and details are yet to be
disclosed.224

On July 18, 2023, the conclusion of a BNP rally in Feni, clashes ensued between police and
BNP supporters, resulting in injuries to around 50 individuals. The clash unfolded as thousands
of BNP activists commenced a procession, led by district BNP convener Sheikh Farid Bahar and
secretary Alal Uddin Alal. Amid attempts to control the situation, Awami League activists
engaged in vandalism in various shopping malls along the road. The clash occurred on Tuesday
(July 18) and intensified with tear gas and rubber bullets exchanged between police and BNP
workers. Several vehicles were vandalized during the confrontation. BNP secretary Alal Uddin

224
The Daily Prothom Alo, “পদ্মা সেতু দক্ষিণ থানার দুই পুলিশ কর্মকর্তা সাময়িক বরখাস্ত,”
June 16, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/ird7gj87kt.

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Alal alleged police brutality, while Superintendent of Police Jakir Hasan stated that BNP
workers initiated violence, prompting police retaliation.225

August 9, 2023, the police reportedly used batons against leaders and activists participating in a
BNP procession in the city's market area during a political rally in Barishal district. BNP alleges
that 50 to 60 people were injured in the police action. The incident occurred during a procession
from the district BNP office for Khaleda Zia's medical treatment. When the procession tried to
move forward near the city's main road, the police blocked it in front of the Supermarket,
leading to clashes. BNP claims that the police used batons, injuring several leaders and activists.
The former president of Barishal district BNP, Nozrul Islam Molla, stated that the police
allowed the procession up to the town hall but obstructed it near the market. The additional
police superintendent (Sadar Circle) Abdul Halim stated that the police allowed them to move
until the municipal office, and there was a scuffle between the police and BNP members, but no
batons were used. The BNP leaders then held a two-hour protest in front of their office.226

On November 8, 2023, A 55-year-old man, Nurul Islam, died after allegedly being assaulted by
police during a raid on his house in Burumdi village, Sonargaon upazila of Narayanganj. His
daughter, Mithila Akter, claimed that two policemen demanded money and threatened to
implicate her father in a case unless they were paid. When Nurul resisted and a scuffle ensued,
he was struck with a stick, causing him to fall to the ground. Despite his pleas for his inhaler and
water being denied, the police continued their attempt to arrest him. Nurul, who had a history of
heart disease, succumbed to the assault. However, ASI Elias Ahmed denied the allegations,
stating they were at the house to search for drugs based on a tip-off. Nurul's neighbors disputed
the police's claims, stating they did not see any uniformed officers during the raid. The family
buried Nurul without an autopsy, sparking further controversy. While police officials
downplayed the incident, an investigation has been initiated, and the officers involved have been
withdrawn pending inquiry.227

On November 13, 2023, the country witnessed nationwide protests following the government's
resignation, demanding a non-partisan caretaker government to oversee national elections. In
Feni, during a peaceful protest organized by the BNP, police launched an unprovoked attack,
resulting in injuries to at least 25 ac tivists and the arrest of four. Later, Gazi Habib Ullah
Manik, a BNP leader, was arrested on the Dhaka-Chittagong highway. Subsequently, nine
activists were sent to jail through Feni court. The arrests sparked condemnation from BNP
leaders, who accused the police of repression and intimidation. Despite the blockade, normal
traffic was observed on highways, and business activities continued cautiously in the city. BNP

225
Daily Naya Diganta, “ফেনীতে বিএনপি-পুলিশ দফায় দফায় সংঘর্ষ, আ’লীগের ব্যাপক ভাঙচুর,” July
18, 2023, https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/chattagram/763175/ফে.
226
Prothom Alo, “বরগুনা বিএনপির পদযাত্রায় পুলিশের লাঠিপেটা, আহত ৫০,” August 19, 2023,
https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/yjt98lhgn4.
227
Dailiy Star, “55-Yr-Old Dies in Police Raid,” November 8, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/55-yr-old-dies-police-raid-3464301.

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leaders vowed to intensify their movement despite threats and arrests by the police. Feni police
confirmed the arrests and stated that action would be taken according to the filed cases. 228

Rohingya Crisis in Bangladesh

Daily Inqilab, “ফেনীতে বিএনপির বিক্ষোভ মিছিলে পুলিশের লাঠিচার্জ আহত-২৫, গ্রেফতার-৯,”
228

November 13, 2023, https://dailyinqilab.com/bangladesh/news/616581.

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The Rohingya crisis, stemming from persecution in Myanmar, has led to a mass exodus of
Rohingya seeking refuge in Bangladesh, where over a million refugees reside in Cox's Bazar.
Bangladesh has shown hospitality but faces challenges due to strained resources and
infrastructure. Rohingya refugees lack access to essential services and are vulnerable to
exploitation and environmental risks. The international response includes humanitarian aid,
but funding falls short, impacting refugee well-being. Donors should increase support and
pressure Bangladesh to improve refugee access to education and work. Resettlement
opportunities and ensuring safe conditions for Rohingya return are crucial. The UN and
governments must address the crisis, advocating for security, land rights, freedom of
movement, and citizenship for Rohingya. Concrete actions like a global arms embargo, ICC
referral, and sanctions on Myanmar's leadership are needed to address the atrocities and
support Rohingya rights effectively..

According to the Human Rights Support Society (HRSS), in 2023, Police and BGB killed 03
Rohingya people extra-judicially in the name of ‘crossfire/ gunfights. Police arrested at least
1880 Rohingya from camp and different place of the country. At the same time, the terrorist
groups attacked on Rohingya people and killed 30 as well as injured at least 20 Rohingya, most
of them were leader (Ma jhi) of the Rohingya community. Nearly 1062 shelters and facilities,
including hospitals and learning centers, were destroyed in the fire in two events on January and
February 2023. Moreover, 359 Rohingyas fled from camp and 638 Rohingyas came to
Bangladesh from India. The Government of Bangladesh try to relocate 100000 Rohingya
refugees to Bhasan Char. The authority has taken eight steps to relocate 7761 Rohingya to
Bhasan Char in 2023. Since December 2020 to 2022, they already have relocated 32000
Rohingya from Cox’s Bazar Rohingya camp to Bhasan Char in 17 steps. UN refugee agency
said that at least 180 Rohingyas were feared dead at sea in December for weeks after leaving
Bangladesh in November. United Nations data showed that 348 Rohingya were thought to have
died at sea in 2023.

Some Significant cases are stated below-

Photo- Fire broke out inside camp (Source-The Business Standard)

On January 18, 2023 in a conflict centered around the expansion of authority within the
Rohingya camp near Tumbru, situated at the Bangladesh-Myanmar border in Bandarban,

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clashes, gunfire, and incidents of arson unfolded between two groups. As a result, two Rohingya
individuals lost their lives, and at least two others sustained injuries. Yesterday, from early
morning skirmishes and gunfire, the situation escalated to arson around 3 PM, targeting several
houses within the camp. Subsequently, two Rohingya individuals were critically injured, and
upon being taken to Kutupalong Ashray Shibir near the MSF Hospital, they were pronounced
dead by medical professionals. The deceased Rohingya individual has been identified as Hamid
Ullah (27). Additionally, an injured Rohingya named Mohid Ullah (25) has been transferred to
Cox's Bazar District Sadar Hospital in critical condition, while another Rohingya child is
receiving medical treatment at the MSF Hospital.229

On February 16, 2023, In Ukhiya, Cox's Bazar, a Rohingya woman named Nur Kayash (26) was
killed in a shooting by extremists at Balukhali refugee camp-8 (Block B-57) around 11 am on
Thursday. Simultaneously, in Maynarghona camp-12, another Rohingya named Abdur Rahim
(38), a leader of Block H-1, sustained gunshot wounds due to extremist gunfire. Nur Kayash, the
deceased, was the wife of Najim Uddin, a resident of Block B-57 in Balukhali camp. Abdur
Rahim is the son of Karim Ullah, the head of Block G-1 in Maynarghona camp. The Rohingya
camps are now tense after the incidents of gun violence. Law enforcement agencies are
conducting operations to apprehend the extremists responsible for the attacks. The responsibility
for security in the refugee camps lies with the 8 Armoured Police Battalion (APBN). Mo. Faruk
Ahmed, the Assistant Police Superintendent (Media and Operations) of APBN, mentioned that
family disputes or relationship tensions might be behind the shootings, and investigations are
focusing on this possibility. Two Rohingya individuals have been detained for questioning in
connection with the incidents. According to APBN sources, Nur Kayash was present near the
residence of another Rohingya woman around 11 am when the shots were fired. She sustained
gunshot wounds to the head. Relatives rushed her to the MSF Hospital in Kutupalong refugee
camp. Unfortunately, Nur Kayash succumbed to her injuries at the hospital around 11:20 am.230

Photo- Arson on Rohingya camp (Source-Samakal)

229
The Business Standard, “Shooting Continues at Tumbru Zero Line, 200 Rohingya Families Take Shelter in
Schools Shooting Continues at Tumbru Zero Line, 200 Rohingya Families Take Shelter in Schools Around 200
Rohingya Families Have Taken Shelter in Two Schools in Tumbru Following ,” January 19, 2023,
https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/shooting-continues-tumbru-zero-line-200-rohingya-families-take-shelter-
schools-570546.
230
The Daily Prothom Alo, “উখিয়ায় আশ্রয়শিবিরে গুলিতে রোহিঙ্গা গৃহবধূ নিহত, মাঝি
গুলিবিদ্ধ,” February 16, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/uea1n1uld6.

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On March 13, 2023, A devastating fire has engulfed more than 2,000 homes in the Ukhiya area
of Cox's Bazar, leaving approximately 12,000 Rohingya displaced. Though the exact cause of
the fire is yet to be determined, suspicion arises as a young man has been apprehended for
alleged involvement in the arson, according to Senior Assistant Police Superintendent Faruk
Ahmed of Cox's Bazar ABP.

Photo- Arson on Rohingya camp (Source-Samakal)

The fire started around 3:00 PM on Sunday in Block B of camp 11 in Balukhali, spreading to
camps 9, 10, and 12. The Cox's Bazar Fire Service has brought the fire under control as of 6:00
PM. However, the extent of the damage and the cause remain unknown, and a comprehensive
assessment will be required.

Photo- Arson on Rohingya camp (Source-Samakal)

Balukhali Rohingya Camp's In-Charge (ICI) Senior Assistant Secretary Sarwar Kamal stated
that an initial estimate indicates over 2,000 housing units within the camp have been destroyed,
with ongoing efforts to compile a final list. Rohingya camp resident Dil Mohammad, affected by
the fire, mentioned that sudden flames erupted in his shelter due to the swift wind.

He attempted to control the fire with his fellow residents before the arrival of the fire service.
Authorities are currently investigating the incident, and so far, no casualties or injuries have

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been reported. This incident follows a similar tragedy on March 22 last year, where 15 Rohingya
lost their lives and around 10,000 shelters were destroyed in a fire in Balukhali.231

Photo- Moin Hossain, ARSA Member (Source- Daily Kaler Kantho)

On April 14, 2023, A member of the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA), an armed
insurgent group from Myanmar, was killed in a clash with the Armed Police Battalion (APBn)
at the Ukhiya Rohingya camp in Cox's Bazar. Additionally, another Rohingya woman was
killed in the gunfire, and two members of the APBn were injured. The clash occurred near a
mosque in Block 17 of the camp. The deceased ARSA member was identified as Moin Hossain
(32), son of Bashir Ahmed. The police claim that Moin Hossain was involved in various
criminal activities, including murder, drug trafficking, and kidnapping. The incident took place
after Friday prayers when a group of armed ARSA members, led by Lalu, positioned themselves
with weapons on the hill near the mosque. The police, upon reaching the scene, fired warning
shots, and in the ensuing exchange, Rohingya woman Nur Haba (50) was fatally shot. The
police also arrested one ARSA member, Sadek, and recovered Moin Hossain's body. The bodies
were sent to Cox's Bazar Sadar Hospital for autopsy. The case will be investigated by the APBn
based on information provided by ABPn's Assistant Police Super (Media) M. Faruk Ahmed.232

231
The Daily Samakal, “তদন্ত কমিটির হাতে রোহিঙ্গা ক্যাম্পে আগুন দেওয়ার ভিডিও,” March 9,
2023, https://samakal.com/whole-country/article/2303161386/ত.
232
Daily Kaler Kantho, “রোহিঙ্গা ক্যাম্পে পুলিশের সঙ্গে আরসার গোলাগুলি, নিহত ২,” April 14,
2023, https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/04/14/1271392.

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Photo- Arson on Rohingya camp (Source-Daily Star)

On April 17, 2023, Around 50 houses were burned as a fire broke out at a refugee camp in
Teknaf upazila of Cox’s Bazar early yesterday. Firefighters brought the situation under control
after one and a half hours, said Rashed Mohammad Ali, chairman of Hnila Union Parishad. The
fire broke out at camp-24 which is located near Cox’s Bazar-Teknaf highway, he added.“We
have come to know that some 50 Rohingya houses were damaged. We are working to find out
the reason behind the fire,” said Mohammad Jamal Pasha, superintendent of police (media) of
Armed Police Battalion-16.233

On May 15, 2023, A deadly encounter took place in the Ukhia Rohingya camp in Cox's Bazar,
resulting in the death of a militant and the arrest of two Arsa members. The incident occurred
during a police operation at Camp 17, where gunfire was exchanged, leading to the death of one
Arsa member. Two individuals, Mamun Rashid and Abdul Rahman, were apprehended, and
locally-made firearms were seized. The identity of the deceased is yet to be determined, and
legal measures are underway.234

On May 8, 2023, A violent clash erupted between two Rohingya terrorist groups at Ukhia, Cox's
Bazar, resulting in gunfire and injuries. The incident took place in Balukhali Rohingya camp-
8W, with four victims, including three children. The confrontation stems from a power struggle
between the Arakan Salvation Army (ARSA) and Arakan Rohingya Solidarity Organization
(ARSO) within the camp. Three Rohingya children were caught in the crossfire and
subsequently rescued. Security forces, maintaining control, are conducting operations to
apprehend the involved terrorists and restore order in the camp.235

On June 18, 2023, Criminals shot dead another Rohingya community leader (Majhi) in a refugee
camp of Cox’s Bazar’s Ukhiya on Saturday night. Noor Hossain Bhutto, 42, a sub-Majhi of 9D
block at camp-2 in Kutupalong, was killed around 9:00pm, said Saiful Islam, inspector
(investigation) of Ukhiya Police Station. “Some 10-12 criminals attacked Noor when he was
talking to other Rohingyas in front of his house. They opened fire targeting Noor and left the

233
The Daily Star, “50 Rohingya Houses Burned,” April 20, 2023, https://epaper.thedailystar.net/Main Edition?
eid=1&edate=20/04/2023&pgid=188871&device=desktop&view=2.
234
Dhaka Tribune, “One Killed during Gunfight with APBn in Rohingya Camp,” May 15, 2023,
https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/nation/311289/one-killed-during-gunfight-with-apbn-in-rohingya.
235
The Daily Jugantor, “রোহিঙ্গা ক্যাম্পে গোলাগুলি: তিন শিশুসহ গুলিবিদ্ধ ৪,” May 8, 2023,
https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/672543/রো.

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place immediately,” the police official said.On information, a team of the Armed Police
Battalion went to the spot and took him to MSF hospital, where doctors declared him dead, said
the inspector. Police are conducting raids to arrest the criminals, he said, adding that the body
was sent to Cox’s Bazar General Hospital morgue for an autopsy. Locals said Noor might have
been murdered over previous enmity. At least 48 Rohingyas, including 16 Majhis, 11 ARSA
members and a volunteer were killed in clashes or gunfights in the last six months in Rohingya
camps in Cox’s Bazar.236

On July 10, 2023, Noor Hossain Majhi suspected commander of the Arakan Rohingya Salvation
Army (ARSA), was killed during a "gunfight" between police and armed criminals at Camp 17
of Ukhiya upazila, Cox’s Bazar. Syed Harun Or Rashid, additional deputy inspector general of
Armed Police Battalion-14, confirmed that Majhi, 40, was one of the top leaders of ARSA and
allegedly led criminal activities in several Rohingya refugee camps. The police conducted a
special drive at Camp 8 earlier, where six Rohingyas were killed on Friday, and received
information about armed criminals approaching from Camp 17. A confrontation ensued around
5:00am, lasting two hours, during which both sides exchanged fire. The criminals fled after
7:00am, and Majhi's body was later found. Legal action is underway regarding the incident. This
comes after previous clashes and violence in the camps, resulting in the deaths of at least 58
Rohingya refugees in the past six months. The Rohingya population in Ukhiya and Teknaf
upazilas of Cox’s Bazar, numbering around 1.2 million, fled Myanmar’s Rakhine State in 2017
due to a military crackdown.237

On September 15, 2023, In Ukhiya Rohingya camp, Cox's Bazar, two armed groups, ARSA and
RSO, clashed, resulting in two deaths and multiple injuries. The incident occurred yesterday in
the western hills of the Madhurchara Rohingya camp. Shamsul Alam (23), from Camp 7 Block
G-9-A, was identified as one of the deceased. The clash is believed to be fueled by existing
tensions between the two groups. ARSA leader Maulvi Rahim Ullah and RSO leader Nabi
Hossen were mentioned in connection with the conflict. Police confirmed two deaths, with one
body sent to Cox's Bazar Sadar Hospital and the other recovered from the mountainous area.
Injured individuals were taken to Chittagong Medical College Hospital. Shamsul Alam's sister,
Hasina Begum, reported that her brother joined Araso residents in confronting Arsa, resulting in
fatal gunfire. Additional casualties were reported, and one seriously injured person is being
treated at Chittagong Medical College Hospital. Shamsul Alam's body remains in the morgue at
Cox's Bazar Sadar Hospital.238

236
The Daily Star, “Rohingya Leader Shot Dead inside Camp,” June 19, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/rohingya-leader-shot-dead-inside-camp-3349771.
237
The Daily Star, “‘Commander of ARSA’ Killed in ‘Gunfight’ with APBn,” July 11, 2023,
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/commander-arsa-killed-gunfight-apbn-3365916.
238
Kaler Kantho, “রোহিঙ্গা ক্যাম্পে আরসা-আরএসও সংঘর্ষে নিহত ২,” September 15, 2023,
https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/09/15/1318250.

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Photo- Captured Rohingya people (Source-Prothom Alo)

On November 25, 2023, Fifty-eight Rohingya individuals, including women, men, and children,
were rescued from Teknaf while attempting an illegal journey to Malaysia via the sea route. The
operation was conducted in the Daragachhara area of Teknaf Sadar Union in Cox's Bazar
yesterday night. During the operation, four individuals involved in trafficking were arrested.
Among those rescued were nine men, sixteen women, and thirty-three children. The arrested
individuals involved in the attempted trafficking to Malaysia via the sea route were identified as
Mohammad Yasin (23), Mohammad Jobair (35), Nazir Hossain (61), and Rameemul Islam (31),
all residents of Teknaf Sadar Union. According to Mohammad Osman Gani, the Officer-in-
Charge of Teknaf Model Police Station, they were rescued from a house in the Daragachhara
area, where they were being kept before being trafficked. Five of the fifty-eight individuals
rescued were identified as Fatema Begum, Nurunnahar, and Samira Begum, who were
attempting to join their husbands in Malaysia. The police are currently continuing operations to
apprehend others involved in trafficking. The rescued Rohingya individuals will be sent to
shelters through the court process.239

Photo- Relocation of the Rohingya people (Source-Kaler Kantho)

On December 2, 2023, around 600 Rohingya refugees have been relocated from Ukhiya-Teknaf
in Cox's Bazar to Bhashan Char, with 200 being new arrivals and 400 from Bhashan Char itself.
The relocation was facilitated by navy ships, with officials confirming the move. Majority of the
refugees are women and children. Bhashan Char offers improved living conditions, prompting
voluntary relocations. Measures have been taken to ensure safety and basic amenities. This

The Daily Prothom Alo, “সমুদ্রপথে মালয়েশিয়ায় যাওয়ার চেষ্টাকালে ৫৮ রোহিঙ্গা উদ্ধার,
239

গ্রেপ্তার ৪,” November 25, 2023, https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/r5n2pftl4l.

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relocation aims to alleviate pressure on Ukhiya-Teknaf and provide sustainable shelter for
Rohingya refugees. 240

On December 6, 2023. A clash between two armed groups in the Jamtoli camp-15 of Ukhiya,
Cox's Bazar, resulted in the deaths of three Rohingya individuals, with several others injured.
The incident occurred between the Arakan Salvation Army (ARSA) and the Arakan Rohingya
Solidarity Organization (ARSO) yesterday evening from 7 to 9 pm in block C-77 and block G-3
areas of the camp. The deceased were identified as Abul Kashem (35) from block C-77 and Mo.
Jobayer (16) and Jeynal Uddin (27) from block G-3. Several others were injured, including
Anwar Sadek (17) from block G-6 and Mo. Ayas (18) from block G-7. The responsibility for the
safety of the camp lies with the commanding officer of the 8th Armed Police Battalion (APBn)
and additional DIG, Md. Amir Jafar. According to him, three Rohingya have been killed in
clashes between armed groups from Myanmar. Efforts are underway to apprehend the
perpetrators. Saif Uddin, a Rohingya leader in the camp, reported that last night, between 10 and
12, about 10 ARSA members from block C-77 abducted Abul Kashem and shot him dead a
short distance away, causing panic among the camp's Rohingya residents. As a precautionary
measure, additional security personnel have been deployed in various areas of the camp, and
there have been reports of gunfire targeting ARSA members in block G-3 late at night, resulting
in the deaths of Rohingya individuals. According to verified information from the Ukhiya police
station, clashes and shootings in the camp over the past eight months have resulted in at least 74
Rohingya deaths. Among them were 18 Rohingya leaders, 22 ARSA members, 5 ARSO
members, 1 volunteer, and others were ordinary Rohingya residents. Currently, there are
approximately 1.2 million registered Rohingya refugees in 33 camps in Ukhiya and Teknaf. 241

Annual Human Rights Report 2023, At a Glance

240
Daily Kaler Kantho, “বেড়াতে আসা ৪০০ জনসহ ভাসানচর গেল ১৬০০ রোহিঙ্গা,” December 2, 2023,
https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2023/12/02/1341703.
241
Prothom Alo, “আশ্রয়শিবিরে আরসা-আরএসওর গোলাগুলি, ৩ রোহিঙ্গা নিহত,” December 6, 2023,
https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/ntlykwr1d2.

166
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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

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Recommendations
The human rights situation in Bangladesh in 2023 was deeply troubling, with widespread
violations across various categories. The findings presented in this report highlight the urgent
need for comprehensive measures to address these abuses and safeguard the rights and dignity
of all individuals in the country. The incidents of extra-judicial killings, enforced
disappearances, political and election violence, rape, sexual harassment, dowry-related violence,
acid violence, attacks on journalists, and violations under the Digital Security Act are alarming.
These violations undermine the rule of law, erode public trust, and perpetuate a culture of
impunity. It is crucial for the government to take immediate action to hold perpetrators
accountable, ensure justice for the victims, and establish robust mechanisms to prevent such
abuses in the future. Human Rights Support Society conveys the following recommendations in
order to improve the overall human rights situation of the country.

Establish an independent electoral commission with the authority to oversee all aspects
of the electoral process, ensuring impartiality and transparency.Implement robust
mechanisms to monitor and prevent election fraud, voter intimidation, and any other
forms of electoral malpractice.Guarantee the participation of all political parties by
ensuring a level playing field, providing equal access to media, and safeguarding the
rights of candidates and voters.
Ensure that the judiciary operates independently of executive influence, allowing for
impartial and fair adjudication of cases. Strengthen the capacity of the judiciary through
training and resources to handle human rights cases effectively and efficiently. Establish
a transparent and accountable process for the appointment and removal of judges to
prevent political interference.
Set up independent bodies to investigate allegations of misconduct by law enforcement
agencies, including extrajudicial killings and enforced disappearances.Implement strict
penalties for law enforcement officials found guilty of human rights abuses, ensuring
justice for victims and deterring future violations.
Repeal or substantially amend the Digital Security Act, 2018, and the Cyber Security
Act, 2023, to align them with international human rights standards, ensuring they are not
used to silence dissent. Develop and enforce laws that protect the rights of journalists
and media personnel, including protection from arbitrary arrests, harassment, and
violence.
Establish a national commission to investigate attacks on journalists and human rights
defenders, ensuring perpetrators are held accountable. Provide legal and psychological
support to journalists and activists who face threats or have been victims of violence and
harassment.
Provide comprehensive human rights training to all law enforcement officials, focusing
on the appropriate use of force, crowd control, and the rights of detainees. Promote
community policing practices that build trust between law enforcement agencies and the
communities they serve.
Implement a robust system for monitoring and reporting law enforcement actions,
ensuring transparency and accountability. Establish an independent ombudsman to

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handle complaints against law enforcement agencies, with the authority to investigate
and recommend corrective actions.
Develop and implement specific policies to protect minority communities from violence
and discrimination, including rapid response mechanisms for incidents of communal
violence. Enhance security around religious sites and minority neighborhoods to prevent
attacks and ensure the safety of these communities.
Provide support services, including legal aid, medical care, and psychological
counseling, to victims of communal violence. Facilitate the reconstruction of properties
and livelihoods destroyed during communal attacks, ensuring victims receive adequate
compensation and support.
Strengthen the enforcement of existing labor laws to ensure fair wages, safe working
conditions, and the protection of workers' rights. Conduct regular inspections of
workplaces, particularly in the garment industry, to ensure compliance with labor
standards.
Provide legal and financial assistance to workers who are victims of exploitation, abuse,
or unsafe working conditions. Promote the formation and operation of independent labor
unions to advocate for workers' rights and interests.
Strengthen laws and policies aimed at preventing and responding to gender-based
violence, including domestic violence, rape, and sexual harassment. Ensure that legal
procedures are victim-friendly, providing protection and support throughout the judicial
process.
Launch nationwide awareness campaigns to change societal attitudes towards gender-
based violence, promoting respect and equality for women and girls. Integrate gender-
based violence education into school curricula to foster a culture of respect and non-
violence from a young age.
Establish joint border committees with neighboring countries to address and resolve
incidents of cross-border violence and ensure the safety of border communities. Conduct
regular meetings and dialogues with neighboring countries to improve cooperation on
border security issues and prevent conflicts.
Increase security measures in border areas to protect residents from violence, including
the deployment of adequately trained border security personnel. Provide compensation
and support to families affected by border violence, ensuring their safety and well-being.
Foster ongoing dialogue and collaboration with civil society organizations, human rights
defenders, and journalists to address human rights concerns and promote accountability.
Encourage the participation of domestic and international human rights organizations in
monitoring human rights situations and providing recommendations.
Provide a safe and enabling environment for civil society organizations to operate, free
from harassment and undue restrictions. Facilitate capacity-building initiatives for civil
society organizations to enhance their ability to monitor, report, and advocate for human
rights.

Implementing these recommendations can help improve the human rights situation in
Bangladesh and ensure that the benefits of independence are fully realized by its citizens.

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Conclusion
The 2023 annual human rights report for Bangladesh paints a stark and troubling picture of the
state of human rights in the country. Despite the celebration of 52 years of independence, the
fundamental rights and freedoms that form the bedrock of democracy remain elusive for many
citizens. The year 2023 has been marked by significant regression in key areas such as the rule
of law, democratic governance, freedom of expression, and the right to peaceful assembly. The
national elections have been marred by controversy and exclusion, undermining the very
essence of democratic participation.

Throughout the year, the excessive use of force by law enforcement agencies, arbitrary arrests,
and the stifling of dissent have created an atmosphere of fear and oppression. Journalists and
human rights defenders have been particularly targeted, facing harassment, arrest, and violence
under draconian laws like the Digital Security Act, 2018. Minority communities, laborers, and
women have also suffered severe human rights abuses, from communal violence and workplace
exploitation to gender-based violence and discrimination.

The report highlights a worrying trend of declining human rights standards, with the government
and its agencies frequently overstepping their boundaries to suppress opposition and silence
critical voices. The neutrality and efficiency of the judicial system have come under scrutiny,
with allegations of bias and political influence further eroding public trust in the rule of law.

In light of these findings, it is imperative for the government of Bangladesh to take immediate
and decisive action to reverse this downward trajectory. Strengthening democratic processes,
ensuring judicial independence, protecting freedom of expression, and upholding the rights of
all citizens—regardless of political affiliation, gender, or minority status—are crucial steps
towards restoring faith in the country's commitment to human rights.

The Human Rights Support Society (HRSS) calls on the government, civil society, and
international human rights organizations to work collaboratively to address these issues. Only
through a concerted and genuine effort can Bangladesh hope to realize the true benefits of its
hard-won independence, ensuring equity, human dignity, and social justice for all its citizens.

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Annexure01-Yearly Statistics 2023

Type of Human Rights Total

May
Mar

Aug

Nov
Feb

Jun

Dec
Apr
Jan

Sep

Oct
Jul
Violation

Violence Sexual 25 55 35 13 65 57 24 55 46 55 13 16 459

Against Harassme
Women nt
Rape 68 70 112 74 121 94 99 85 106 71 42 51 993
Killed for 3 3 14 7 6 3 6 5 9 9 3 5 73
Dowry
Killed for 20 16 15 17 31 37 30 39 33 32 21 8 299
Family
Feud
Acid 0 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 8
Violence
Killed in Child Rights 48 36 33 18 37 43 17 36 20 19 17 31 355
Violence
Extra-judicial Crossfire 3 1 1 2 7
Killing
Shot to 3 3 1 4 3 14
death
Torture to 2 2 2 1 7
death
Custodial 1 1 2 1 3 8
death
Total 0 0 5 7 2 2 2 2 0 20
Death in Prison 11 1 2 9 5 11 5 9 4 9 5 15 86
Enforces Disappearance 3 5 3 1 1 1 1 4 9 3 31
Attack on Minority 0 1 0 1
Border Killed 2 3 0 2 3 3 2 4 3 2 6 30
Disputes by
Injured 2 3 1 2 5 3 2 1 1 1 1 9 31
BSF
Arrested 1 5 0 0 7 13
Attack on Injured 15 14 19 18 9 9 5 23 9 47 6 12 186
Journalists
Threatene 1 1 1 3 0 2 3 3 3 0 9 26
d
Arrested 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 11
Assaulted 9 11 3 35 2 3 11 3 3 2 4 86
Killed 0 0 1 1 0 2
Political Killed 3 5 6 13 6 5 7 6 9 10 6 14 60
Violence
Injured 281 753 468 422 630 338 96 37 506 263 395 10 4738
8 2 63
Digital Case Filed 6 6 12 4 3 4 8 4 6 3 2 58
Security Act
Arrest 6 3 24 1 7 1 6 3 4 1 4 60
Election Killed 0 2 1 1 5 9
Violence
Injured 1 20 64 8 136 72 23 6 1 206 97 1512
5
Killed in Injured 16 7 3 5 5 7 10 13 5 9 6 5 91
Public
Lynching Killed 7 5 5 5 18 1 5 5 6 7 7 2 73
Labor Killed 3 3 3 3 4 2 1 5 3 4 31
Torture by Incident 5 4 8 6 4 6 3 2 8 7 2 8 63
LEAs
Torture 5 5 12 16 28 6 5 11 17 86 2 8 201

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Annexure02-Photo Gallary

Photo: Honorable Guests of 8 Human Rights

Conference by HRSS

Barrister Sahjada Al Amin Kabir,

Chairman (HRSS)
Photo: Dr Hameeda Hossain, Prominent Human
Rights Activist, is Sharing her Experience in 8
Human Rights Conference by HRSS

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Syeda Rizwana HasanChief Executive

Barrister Sara Hossain, Honorary Executive
(BELA)
Director (BLAST)

Photo: Snippets of Participents in the 8 Human Rights Conference by HRSS

Photo: Mr Nur Khan Advisor of HRSS in online Discussion on Extra Judicial Killing

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Photo: Online Participants of Discussion on UN Human Rights Mechanism and human rights
situation in Bangladesh

Photo: Professor Dr. Jebunnessa Discussing Gender Equality Today for a Sustainable Tomorrow

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Photo: Ambica Roy Discussing Protecting Children Rights in the Digital Age and Children
Deprived of Rights in Bangladesh

Photo: Dr. Saber Ahmed Chowdhury Discussing Election Violence in Bangladesh: Voting
Rights

Photo: Discussion on Enforced Disappearance in Bangladesh.

Photo: Day long Sessions on Conceptual Framework of Human Rights and UN Human Rights
Mechanism.

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Photo: Day long Sessions on Conceptual Framework of Human Rights and UN Human Rights
Mechanism.

Photo: Sessions on Conceptual Framework of Human Rights and UN Human Rights Mechanism
in Chattogram

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 Annual Human Rights Report, 2023

Photo: Two days training program under “Building Youth Capacity to Promote and Protect
Human Rights”

179