Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning
Dr. Vinod Kumar Sharma
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
NIT Calicut
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• In a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle, ammonia
exits the evaporator as saturated vapor at 22 deg.C.
The refrigerant enters the condenser at 16 bar and 160
deg.C, and saturated liquid exits at 16 bar. There is no
significant heat transfer between the compressor and
its surroundings, and the refrigerant passes through
the evaporator with a negligible change in pressure.
• If the refrigerating capacity is 150 kW, determine
• (a) the mass flow rate of refrigerant, in kg/s.
• (b) the power input to the compressor, in kW.
• (c) the coefficient of performance.
• (d) the isentropic compressor efficiency.
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A food storage locker requires a refrigeration system of 2400 kJ/min. capacity at
an evaporator temperature of 263 K and a condenser temperature of 303 K. The refrigerant
used is Freon-12 and is subcooled by 6°C before entering the expansion valve and vapour is
superheated by 7°C before leaving the evaporator coil. The compression of refrigerant is
reversible adiabatic. The refrigerating compressor is two-cylinder single-acting with stroke
equal to 1.25 times the bore and operates at 1000 r.p.m.
Assume specific heat of liquid= 1.235 kJ/kg-K and Specific heat of vapour = 0.733 kJ/kg-K.
Determine
(i) Refrigerating effect per kg,
(ii) Mass of refrigerant to be circulated per minute,
(iii) Theoretical piston displacement per minute,
(iv) Theoretical power required to run the compressor, in kW,
(v) Heat removed through condenser per minute, and
(vi) Bore and stroke of compressor.
Properties of refrigerant
Saturati Absalut Specific Enthalpy, kJ/kg Entropy, kJ/kg K
on e volume Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour
Temper Pressur of
ature, K e, Bar vapour,
m3/kg
263 2.19 0.0767 26.9 183.2 0.1080 0.7020
303 7.45 0.0235 64.6 199.6 0.2399 0.6854
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Surprise Test
The pressure in the evaporator of an ammonia refrigerator is 1.902 bar and
the pressure in the condenser is 12.37 bar. Calculate the COP for the following
cycles
(a) ideal reversed Carnot cycle
(b) dry saturated vapour delivered to the condenser after isentropic
compression and no undercooling of the condensed liquid
(c) dry saturated vapour delivered to the compressor where it is
compressed isentropic ally and no undercooling of the condensed liquid.
(d) Also draw the temperature versus entropy diagram for each case.
For Evaporator pressure:
Hf = 108.67 kJ/kg; Hg = 1437.64 kJ/kg; Sf = 0.6542 kJ/kg K; Sg = 5.904 kJ/kg K; -
20 C
For Condenser Pressure:
Hf = 351.81 kJ/kg; Hg = 1486.9 kJ/kg; Sf = 1.5208 kJ/kg K; Sg = 5.2405 kJ/kg K;
32 C
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A refrigerating plant works between temperature limit
of -50C and 250C. The working fluid ammonia has a
dryness fraction of 0.62 at the entry to the compressor.
If the machine has a relative efficiency of 55%,
calculate the amount of ice formed during a period of 24
hours. The ice is to be formed at 00C from water at 150C
and 6.4 kg of ammonia is circulated per min. Specific
heat of water is 4.187 kJ/kg and latent heat of ice is 335
kJ/kg.
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A refrigerator works between -70C and
270C. The vapour is dry at the end of adiabatic
compression. There is no under cooling and
evaporation is by throttle valve. Determine
1. COP
2. Power of compressor to remove 180 kJ/min
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A vapour compression refrigerator works between the pressure limits
of 60 bar and 25 bar. The working fluid is just dry at the end of the
compression and there is no under cooling of the liquid before the
expansion valve. Determine:
i.C O P of the cycle and
ii.Capacity of the refrigerator if the fluid flow is at the
rate of 5 kg/min.
Data:
Pressure (bar) Saturation Temp (K) Enthalpy (kJ/kg) Entropy (kJ/jg.K)
Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour
60 295 151.96 293.29 0.554 1.0332
25 261 56.32 322.58 0.226 1.2464
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An ammonia based refrigeration system with a refrigeration capacity of 100TR
(1TR=3.5167 kW) operates at an evaporating temperature of –36oC (saturation
pressure = 0.8845 bar) and a condensing temperature of 30oC (saturation pressure =
11.67 bar). Assume the system to operate on a single stage saturated (SSS) cycle. The
compression process may be assumed to be isentropic. Under these conditions, the
following property data are available:
Enthalpy of saturated vapour at the exit of evaporator, h1 = 1414 kJ/kg
Enthalpy of saturated liquid at the exit of condenser,h4 = 341.8 kJ/kg Isentropic index
of compression, γ = 1.304
The compressor is an 8-cylinder, reciprocating type with a clearance ratio of 0.05 and
speed of 1750 RPM. The stroke-to-bore ratio is 0.8. In the absence of superheat data,
the refrigerant vapour may be assumed to behave as a perfect gas. The molecular
weight of ammonia is 17.03 kg/kmol. Find:
• Power input to the compressor
• COP and cycle (second law) efficiency
• Compressor discharge temperature, and
• Compressor dimensions (diameter and stroke length)
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Thank You
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