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dates, for they provide

Wneh one of you breaks his fast. he should do so with
with water, for it is
Diessing. But if one cannot get any, he should break his fast
purifying." (Sunan Tirmizi)
It is recommended to break the fast immediate after the sunset. Allah's messenger said:
"The people will continue to prosper as long as they hasten the breaking of the fast."
(Agreed upon)
For breaking the fast the following supplication is recommended:
"O Alah, I have observed the fast for Your sake andI have believed in You and Ihave
put my reliance on You and Ibreak my fast with Your sustenance." (Sunan Abu
Dawood)

Those who are exempted from fasting

Every Muslim over the age of puberty who is save and healthy enough must fast. Any
person who would undergo real suffering if made to fast is excused from doing it. Ifaperson
does not observe the fast without any genuine cause, then he has committedagreat sin and
must try to make up for it right away. The following persons are considered exempt from
fasting.
1. People whose condition would be made worse by fasting but are not chronically
ill are excused, and so are travellers. They should try to make up for the fasts
they have missed as soon as it becomes practicable to do so. Allah(SWT) says in
the Qur'an:

"But he that is ill or on a journey (should fast instead for the same) number
of other days."
(A-Qur'an, 2:185)

2. The permanently sick and the elderly who are too weak to fast extended
periods of times are exempted from fasting. They should donate the cost of two
meals to the poor, for each fast-day they have missed, if they an àford it. This is
called fidya. The Qur'an say:

Awoman on her monthly course or who recently gave birth must not observe the
fast and make up the days later on. But she should performed the ritual prayers
missed during that time. Imam Muslims has transmitted a tradition on this subject
"When Iasked Ayesha, why one wha has been mensturating must make up
for her fast but not for her prayers, she replied this happened to us, and we
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were ordered to make up for the

fast, but were not ordered to
the prayer." make up for
3. lf a person breaks his fast intentionally
act. The blessed Prophet before its time, he has committed a sinful
taught that we must fast for sixty days at
one
deed one person two meals for sixty stretch
feed sixty people two meals or or
penalty seems harsh but it fits the crime. days. The
we temporarily let our animals Breaking the fast for no reason means
urges get the better of us.
What makes a fast void?
Things which render the fast void. So when
several things between sunrise and sunset, Muslims fast, they must abstain from
which are:
Food or drink of any sort
Sexual activity
Smoking
Deliberate mouthful vomiting
Menstruation
Bleeding in child bed
It can be easy for some Muslims to
forget they are fasting, especially during the fast
days before the routine is established, and to eat
or drink something by accident.
Should someone who is fasting accidently eat or
drink something then this
forgetfulness does not break the fast and it remains valid.
Voluntary fasts
While fasting in the month of Ramazan is considered
obligatory, Islam also
prescribes certain days for non-obligatory, voluntary fasting, such as:
Each Monday and Thursday of a week
The 13h, 14th and 15h of each lunar month.
Six days after Eid in the month of Shawwal (the month following the
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Ramazan).
The day of Arafat (9th of Zul-Hajah in the lslamic calendar)
The 9th and the 10h of Muharram.
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Fourth Pillar of lslam

Zakat (Alms Giving)
The meaning of Zakat is to purify'. The word is derived from 'zaka' which means to
increase or to bless. It is an act of worship and pillar of Islam.
The Quran says
"If you lend unto Alah a good loan. He will double it for you and will forgive
you; for Allah is Responsive clerment."
Allah has formulated an economic system for mankind. If its codes are observed.
economic justice can be ensured otherwise society is likely be plagued by numerous
ills.
The Quran says,
"Take Sadaqah (charity) from their property in order to purify and sanctify
them."
The Holy Prophet(s) said,
"Save yourself from Hell-fire, even by giving half date - fruit in charity."
He also said,
"The best charity is that which is practiced by a wealthy
person, and start
giving to your dependents."
Zakat is a state institution - It is the responsibility of a state to
calculate collect and
spend it in accordance with the instruction of Quran.

Benefits /Importance
Zakat keeps money in circulation. It provides the best
system and solution to the
economy of a society. It ensures a steady flow of wealth from the rich to the poor and
helps in bettering their economic lot. Quran say:
"Allah has blighted usury and made alms giving fruitful".
It also discourage hoarding of wealth. The giver of
zakat is forced to invest his money
in profitable ventures which results in greater
investment. It provides collective
benefits to the poor and rich. It is the backbone ofa Muslim nation's
It fosters goodwill, brother-hood and equality. The needs of the poor financial, system.
aresatisfied and
they are thankful to the rich. A believer gives charity for the love of¢Allah. 1sfor
the
egual distribution of wealth in the society and prevents
few hands, the rich does not get richer which the poor accumulafionov
wealth in a
doé notrget poorer and it
establishes just and right balance between the two
is to help the
poor. It helps and supports Islam and Jihad. It purifes from love for money
and wealth for zakat purifies the money itself. &
Holy Prophet (s) said,
"Take alms of their wealth wherewith yoynay Çleanse them and cause them to
grow in purity".
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Nisab
Zakat is payable 2.5% on wealth
which remains in possession of a
period of one year without believer for a
A person who comes interruption and whose value has reached a certain level.
under such a category is a
on buildings, shops or total Sahib-e-Nisab. Zakat is not taken
capital but on the savings
generated from them. of the income that may
have
For Gold
Seven and a half tolas.
For Silver
52 ½ tolas
Currency &Commercial goods
Equivalent either to the price of gold
or silver as specified 2.5%
Owners of mine have to pay one fifth of the produce of mine. It is
called "Khums".
Usher, a land tax is levied at the rate of one -
tenth of agricultural produce of land
benefitting rain or natural spring and one twentieth of the
artificially irrigated lands. produce of land of

On all articles of trade

exceeding 200 dirhams.
For every forty sheep or goats 1goat
from 121 to 200
2 goats
increase one by hundred

On thirty to forty cattle 1 calf of one year.

On every five camels 1goat or
from 10 to 14 camels
sheep
3 goats
from 25 to 35 camels one female camel
S
Qadagat ul Fitr is obligatory after the completion of the month ofD
What does Quran say about Zakat "To Whom It Can Be Given"
"Woe to the praying ones who are in a show of
thelerayers and with acts ot
charity".
Those who get Allah's blessings spend to help poor and nèedy who have no means
of subsistence for the persons who lack basic neces_itiès of life. For the assistance
of those who are newly converted to Islam, for the salaries of officials appointed to
collect Zakat, for the expenses on thèSliberàtion of slaves and persons held
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prisoners, for clearance the debts of the poor. To be spend on Jihad and for the help
of travellers. It is given to near relatives, neighbours, widows, orphans and poor.
It is unlawful to give Zakat to the descendants of the Holy Prophet(s) to parents,
children and wife or husband. It cannot be given to non-muslims.

Sadqat ul Fitr
It is the duty which is wajib on every Muslim male or female minor or adult as long as he has
the means to do so. The head of the household may pay the required amount for the other
members. The Prophet(s) had stressed to pay Fitra before going to the Eid prayer. It is to
provide those who fasted with a means of making up for mistakes during the month of
Ramazan. It provides the poor with a means with which they can celebrate the festival of
Eid-ul-Fitr with the rest of Muslims.

It is the amount of 1.63 kilos of wheat for a person.

lbn-e-Abbas reported that Holy Prophet(s) made Sadqat ul Fitr compulsory so that those
who fasted may purify of their idle deeds and shameful talk (during Ramazan) so that the
poor may be fed. Whoever gives it before Salah will have it accepted as Zakat while he who
gives it after the Salah has given Sadaqah.

Difference between Zakat, Sadqat and Charity

Zakat is compulsory on Shaib-i-Nisab at 2.5% rate. It is paid during the month of Ramazan.
It is not given to Non-Muslims. It is paid under the Nisab.

Sadga is given as cash or kind to pay for property and safety of man's life at any time and
there is no specific amount. It is given to Muslims. It is also for helping the poor believers. It
must be told to the giver, that it is Sadqa.

Charity can be in any kind, it could be cash or food type. It can be given at
atytimee of the
day, month or year. It is to help the poor and needy to proviae a b a l a y
helps to increase or to grow according to lslam. It can be given to and Non
Muslims.

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Fifth Pillar of lsalm

HAJJ (PILGRIMAGE)
It is the fifth and final pillar of Islam.
Literally, it means "to set out with a definite purpose.
It is performed during 8h to 13th
It is a comprehensive mode of
Zul-hajah.
worship.
During the Haj,one practices discipline and receives
training in self-control.
THE RITES OF PILGRIMAGE
(METHOD)
Important rites during Hajj are as follows:
MIQAT
A Haji must put on Ihram before arriving at a
fixed point outside Makkah called
Miqat.
There are five diferent stations described ina tradition.
The puttingon of lIhram at Jerusalem is highly meritorious.
(8th ZILHAJ) IHRAM
Literally Ihram means "consecration". An Ihram is a pilgrim's dress.
Men have to put on two simple pieces of white cloth.
Women wear plain, loose, full-length dresses and a head veil.
When Muslims pass the Migat, they offer two rak'ats of prayer. Hence they enter
the
state of Ihram.
The object of lIhram is purity, equality, single-mindedness and self sacrifice.
TALBIYA
This is the main, ritual recitation of the Haj.
It is recited from the moment of putting on Ihram until the end of the day of Arafat.
Dua of Talbiya " respond to your call O Allah! Irespond to Your call, andl am
obedient to Your orders, You have no partner, Irespond to Your call. All the praises
and blessings are for you, all the Sovereignty is for You, and You have no
with You," P u l i

TAWAF
On the first of day Hajj, allpilgrims are required to encircehaa2n sevenmesn an
anti-clockwise direction.
At the end of this itual, they should go to the Station Ybrahim (AS) to pray two
Rak'ats of prayer.
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SAI
Running or walkingbriskly seven times between two hills of Safa and Marwa is called
Sa'i.
It is performed in commemoration of the search of lsmail (AS)'s mother for water.
As a part of this ritual, pilgrims drink water from Zam-Zam Well.
MINA
Pilgrims goes to Mina, perform Zuhr, Asr, Maghrib, lsha of 8th and Fajr of gth
They proceed to the Valley of Mina 10 kms away.
They spend the night in prayer.
ARAFAT
gth Zil Haj: The most important ritual of Haj.
Pilgrims are ordered to stand on the Mount of Mercy or its vicinity for a particular
period of time.
Pilgrims must stay there from noon to dusk.
This is known as Wuquf-i-Arafat
It has been interpreted symbolically as a forehand experience of the Day
of
Judgement. They perform Zuhr and Asr together as combined prayers -Listen to the
Sermon.
MUZDALIFA
Then move to Muzdalifa perform Maghrib and Isha together.
It is an area between Arafat and Mina.
They spend the whole night in meditation.
Here pebbles are gathered for stoning of the Devil in the morning.
RAMY AL-JAMARAT
10th Zil Hajj: It is the ritual of throwing pebbles at the stone
pillars symbolizing Satan.
There are three pillars known as Jamara (Ugba, Wusta and Sughra)
Pebbles are hurled at each one. Pilgrim goes to Mina. In morning, 7
pebbles are
stoned on Jamarat ul Ugba and Talbiyah is stopped. a t i o n s

EID-UL-AZHA Sg)OOS70

10th Zil Hajj: After this, animals are slaughtered.

It is a three-day festival to commemorate lbrahim's willingness to u
P
offer
bl
o3 his2son's
1 life.
Then Male pilgrims shave their heads or shorten their hair.
Women cut off a lock of their hair. This is Hulg. W r t t e
u u r t t e . o r g

Then the state of lhram is finished.

TAWAF AZ-ZIYARAT
Pilgrims make a final tawaf called Tawaf az-Ziyaras
It is obligatory. It can be performed on 10h, R
11theo12h,
d
The night of the 10h is spent back at Mina.,
It is performed like Tawaf-i-Qudoom.
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STONING THE THREE PILLARS

On 11th and the 12" and
13th, pilgrims stay at Mina and each day throw
on each Jamarat. seven stones
While doing this, pilgrims
rededicate and supplicate themselves to Allah.
Tawaaf-i-Widda Akhira is performed before leaving Makkah.
or
CIRCUMAMBULATION OF FAREWELL
Upon leaving Makkah, Muslims usually
It in not perform Tawaf-al-Widda
obligatory, but it is recommended to Muslims.
JOURNEY TO MADINAH
Most pilgrims also visit Madinah and
the
"Whoever comes to Makkah and do not visitMosque of the Prophet.
Prophet(s) said,
my grave in Medina is a Miser".
OBJECTIVES AND BENEFITS OF HAJJ
A person is reminded of his
journey to Allah after his death and the
During Haj, Muslims turn to Allah with Hereafter.
His forgiveness. complete sincerity and call on Him hoping for
During Haj, Muslims witness the excellent
example of equality, submissiveness and
human brotherhood.
Muslims invalidate all the artificial boundaries
established by regional, national and
racial superiority.
It also
stimulates an economic development which is beneficial to the
The one who goes for Haij earns the pleasure of his
Islamic world.
Lord, and comes back with all
his sins forgiven.
One prayer in Masjid-al-haram is equal to a hundred thousand
prayers elsewhere.
Hajj provides opportunity for Muslims to become acquainted with many
social and
political problems.
KIND OF HAJJ
IFRAD
Forming one's intention exclusively for Haj while starting the journey and
G % - O O S 7 O )

wearing lIhram only with this aim

This kind of Hajj is called Ifrad and its observer is named Mufrid.
QIRAN
Hajj combining Umra together and making one's intention for
Ihram is also worn for both of Hajjand Umra.
This is called Qiran, and one who performs it s,termed as Mugrin. Has
greatest merit.
TAMATTU
Toput on Ihram only for Umra when Hajj ís not intended.
(O
On 8h of Zul-Haja, a new lhram for Haj is pút on from Masjid al_ Haram.
This form of Hajj is named as Tamattu and its doer Mutamatte.
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FORBIDDEN THINGS IN IHRAM

Decorating one's self with jewellery or valuables.
Looking into a mirror.
Removing hair from the body
Uprooting trees and shrubs in the vicinity of the Haram
Wearing shoes that cover the raised bone of feet, and socks; (this is particularly not
allowed for men)
Covering the head; (particularly forbidden for men)
Killing or even dislodging and throwing away lice if they happen to find their way on
one's body or the sheets covering it.
Use of gloves or socks.
Wearing of any kind of sewn clothes.
Using any perfume or powder.
Women do not cOver their faces.
Hunting or aiding and abetting it
Sexual intercourse or its preliminaries
Cropping or shaving of hair or cutting of nails.
Covering of head or face in any way whatsoever
Marital relations
Bathing with perfumed soap

What is the importance of the following rites of Haj?

Ihram
It is an expression of one's intention to perform Haji or Umrah. In the state of Ihram
Muslims have to refrain from certain acts which include indecent and immoral
practices which often make up a regular feature of many people's daily life. Strict
observance of such a moral code helps to train believers for leading an ideal life of
true Muslims. Muslims in the state of Ihram exhibit equality, uniformity, and
brotherhood. OOS/0

Tawaaf
It is performed with true devotion to Allah. It infuses a deep sense of
man and inclines him to his Creator. Allah Almighty
hurility
comrjands aMuslim to
in a

circumambulate the Holy Kabah just as the revolution of éarth around the sun to
show how it is dependent on it to sustain life.
Sayi
Prophet Ibrahim left his son Ismail and his wife, Hajra by command of Allah in the
batren valley of Earan, lsmail was asmau t time who was thirsty and Hajra
ran seven times between the Safa and Marwah f water.
While doing S0
she left her son on the ground, and a sprlng Qwater zamzam gushed out when he
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rubbed his ankles against the land. This ritual make us show respect to the motherly
love of Hajra for her son. With regards to Sayi, the Quran says
"Indeed Safa and Murwah are among the emblems to Allah. It is therefore no
sin for him who performs Haj or Umrah to the House of Allah to run between
the two hills and Allah knows and appreciates him who does any good with a
willing heart".
Arafat
According to the tradition of the Holy Prophet, there is no other day than the Yaum-e
Arafat, on which Allah sets free more of His servants form fire than on any other day.
It is on this day that Allah listens to the supplications of all the pilgrims.
The wife
Prophet delivered his last sermon on the plain of Arafat. Prophet Adam and his Holy
Hawwa reunited on this very plain after years of wondering. It is on this plain that
Allah will conduct the Day of Judgement so the stay in this plain holds immense
significance for Muslims.
Muzdalifah
The night which the Muslims spend in Muzdalifah is a blessed one which if spent in
worship and remembrance of Allah can enable a pilgrim to undergo great spiritual
development. During the stay the pilgrims collect stones for Rami.
Rami
The satan tried to mislead Prophet lbrahim when he was going to sacrifice his son in
obedience to the command of Allah Almighty. Every-time the Satan appeared when
Prophet lbrahim was about to carry out the sacrifice, he was stoned. Since Rami is
connected with the incident, this action expresses our hatred for the devil and there
are emotions of anger which strengthens the pilgrims determination not to follow the
devil in anyway but just obey the command of Allah which guides us to the right
path.

Sacrifice (Eid ul Adha)

The ritual is deeply connected with Prophet Ibrahim's determination to obey the
command of Allah which even convinced him to sacrifice his own son. nfuse a
deep spirit of sacrifice for Allah in the hearts of Muslims. It is an ideal expression of
gratitude for the advantages provided by Allah. The distribution of the sactiticed meat
feeds the poor and needy and therefore gains Allah's pleasure and promotes
brotherhood.

Tawaf-e-Ziarat (Return to Mina)

Without Tawaf-e-Ziarat, Haj is rendered invalid as an obligatory rite. Then the
pilgrims return to Mina. They perform Ramio 12th, 13th of Zil Haj and then
depart from Mina for Tawaf-e-Wida.
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Shaving the head and hair cut.

The women can cut a
After the sacrife, apilgrim has to cut his hair or shave his head.
lock of their hair. After this they can come out of the state of Ihram.

Maqam-e-lbrahim
It stands near the Holy Ka'abah. It actually refers to the two stones on which lbrahim
stood to construct the Holy Ka'abah. Allah was so pleased with his act, that He
engraved his foot prints on the stones so that his work may be remembered by all
generations to come.

Hajre -Al-Aswad
It is located at the eastern corner of the Holy Ka'abah and is enclosed in a silver
frame for protection against hazards. The Holy Prophet had said in a tradition that
when the Black stone was sent down from the heavens it was even whiter than milk
but the sins of the people blackened it.

Ka'abah
The original foundation of Ka'abah was laid by the angels who were the first ones to
construct it. It was later rebuilt by Hazrat Adam for the second time, to whom the
angels pointed out the exact location for rebuilding of the sacred house. The third
time it was reconstructed by Prophet Ibrahim from the location which is now known
as Muqam-e-lbrahim. The need to build it again arose during the age of ignorance
when it was destroyed by flood. The task was completed by the Quraish.

Difference between Hajj and Umrah:

Haj is performed on fixed dates in Zil Haj. Umrah can be performed at any time of
the year except Hajj days.
Talbiah stops in Umrah at first Tawaf but for Haj, it ends at Ramion 10th Zil Hai.
Sacrifice is compulsory after Haj but not after Umrah.
Wuquf-i-Arafat, Wuquf-i-Muzdalifah and Rami are compulsory in Haj. are not
obligatory for Umrah.
Haj is obligatory on Sahib-i-Maal Muslim but Umrah is not
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UMRAH
Umrah can be performed at anytime of the year except for the days of
Haj.
A pilgrim takes a bath and wears the lIhram with the
Niyyat of Umrah, by praying two
Nafal Rakat, and saying: "Here am I, Allah for Umrah". He then starts
reciting
Talbiya.
"Here am IAllah, Here am |! Here am I! There is not partner with you,
here am I
surely praised and blessings are with you, and all sovereignty. There is no partner
with you.

Men should say the Talbiya aloud, whilst the women should say it quietly. The
pilgrims should ask Allah for His pleasure, heaven and mercy from hell-fire.

Apilgrim must enter the Haram for the Tawaf, starting from the Blackstone in an anti
clockwise direction, seven times. He will stop reciting Talbiya, with the first Tawaf,
and recites the third Kalma. Upon reaching the Yemini gate, the pilgrim recites: "Our
Lord! "Grant us good in this world and good in the hereafter, and save us from the
fire of hell".

Each time the pilgrimn passes Hajr-e-Aswad, he must raise his right hand, towards it,
if it cannot be touched due to the crowd, he would say Bismillah Allah u Akbar. This
is called Estalam. During the Tawaf, it is necessary for the male pilgrim to do two
things. A-idhteba, which means to place the middle of Ridah (white sheet on
shoulder) under his right arm,and the ends of it, over his left shoulder.

A-Raml, it means to speed up the pace, with small steps, during the first three
circuits and normal pace on the last four circuits. Now the pilgrim, reaches the
Magam-e-lbrahim, and recites Ayat 125 of Surah Baqarah. Then he will oifer wo
Rakat of Nafal prayers, he will recite Surah Kafiroon, after Sura Fatihatiin thÁ first
Rakat, and Surah-e-Ikhlas in the second Rakat. Then he will drink water,
after which Estalam of Blackstone is done again.

After this, he willmove towards Safaand Marwa with tha Niyyat oY Sai, and perform
seven rounds between Safa and Marwa. He will continue the zikr of Allah on
completion of Sai, men should shave or trim their h¡ir, whìle the women should clip
their hair, the length of a finger tip. Then they. ake abath, and change the Ihram.
This completes the Umrah.
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Kinds of Tawaf
Tawaf Qudoom's performed on entering Masjid-ul-Haram; seven times
circumambulation is perfornmed, Three rounds with fast pace and four with slow pace.
Then Estalam is performed. Then two Rakat at Maqam-e-Ibrahim.

Tawaf-e-Zyara or Tawaf-e-Ifadah
It is an obligatory all of Haj. It is performed on the same manner as Tawaf-e
Qudoom. Haj is invalid without Tawaf-e-Zyara.

Tawaf-e-Umrah
It is an obligatory Tawaf for those who perform Umrah. Talbiya is stopped and third
Kalma is recited for Tawaf-e-Umrah.

Tawaf-e-Nafla
This Tawaf can be performed many times for reward from Allah. During Umrah or
Haj, because the pilgrim stays there for some days.

Tawaf-e-Wida
This is also known as Tawaf-e-Akhira. It is wajib, means compulsory.

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PAST PAPER QUESTIONS REFERENCES

Pillars of Islam
Q1 (a) Describe the particular
Why do Muslims regardfeatures
(b)
of Congregational Prayers on Friday's. [10]
these prayers as important? [4]
Q2 (a) (2009 October /November/P2)
Describe the main events of the Annual Pilgrimage
(b) Explain the significance of the Prophet Abrahim (Haij) [10]
in the observance of the
Pilgrimage. [4]
Q3 (a) What are the conditions of prayer (Salat) that (2009 October /November/P2)
must be fulfilled before
performing them?
(b) Explain the importance of Mosques in Muslim Communities. [10]
[4]
Q4 (a) (2010 Mayl
What are the daily observance of Ramadan Fast? June/P2) (2012 May/ June/P2)
(b) Explain why the Ramadan fast is important to Muslims? [10]
[4]
Q5 (a) What beliefs and practices are involved in: (2010 October/November/P2)
Stoning the Jamaraat
Performing Sayi
Assembling at Arafat
(b) Explain the main differences between Hajj and Umrah. [10]
[41
Q6 (a) Give descriptions of the way in which fasting and alms (2011 MaylJune/P2)
among the Muslims.
giving are carried out
(b) Show how these two pillars keep the lslamic Community [10]
together?
(2011 October /November/P22) (2012 May/ June/P2) [4]
Q7 (a) There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the
Describe the Muslim beliefs summarized by the Messenger ofof Allah'.
(Shahadah) declaration faith
(b) Explain how the declaration of faith (Shahadah) is acted upon [10]
remaining four pillars of lslam. through the
[41
Q8
(2012 October /November/P22) (2013 May/June/P2)
(a) What is the purpose of prayers in congregation?
(b) Explain why Muslims believe that personal prayer (dua) is important. [10]
[4]
Q9 (2012 October
Why is associating partners with Allah (Shirk) regarded as sin?
/Novembef/P22)
4
Q10 (a) How do the pillars of Salat and fasting bring Muslims closer(2013 Nlayl June/P2)
to bothGod and
other people?
(b) Briefly reflect upon the importance of any one of the remalning three Pillars[10]in
the life of Muslims.
[4]
Q11 (a) Describe how and why Muslims celebrate Eid uli and Eid ul Azha.
(2013 May l June/P2)
[10]
(b) Howdo the two Eids bring the Muslim Community toether? [4)
Q12 (a)
2013 October / November/P22)
Outline the practice of alms giving (zakat) in lslaA. [10]
(b) What do you think benefits from the the giveror
the receiver? N a h a t and why,
[4]
(2013 October /November/P22)
 Ch-6: Pillars of islam
Islamiyat O level Paper-2 Notes 136
Read and Write Publications

ablution (wudu) and the

Q13 (a) Give an account of the conditions reguired for (10]
method of performing it. [4]
(b) view?
Why is ablution (wudu) given so much importance in your(2015 May/June/P21)
Q14 (a) What acts do pilgrims (hajis) perform on the 10th of Dhu al-Hija and how
does the rest of the Muslim community (umma) celebrate this day? [10]
(b) What in your opinion are Muslims reminding themselves of when they
celebrate Eid al-Adha? [4]
(2015 May/June/P21)
Q15 (a) Wite about the practice of fasting in Ramadan and the moral benefits that a
Muslim gains from fasting in this month. [10]
(b) How do you think observing the Pillar of giving alms (zakat )benefits the
giver? [4]
(2015 May/June/P22)
Q16 (a) Write an account of the benefits that result from the payment of charity
(zakat), andstate to whom it should and should not be paid. [10]
(b) In your opinion, what is the greatest benefit for the giver of zakat? Give
reasons to support your answer. [4]
(2015 October / Novamber/P21)
Q17 (a) Describe the particular features of congregational prayers, both daily and on
Fridays (Jum'a prayers). [10]
(b) In your opinion why are congregational prayers considered to be beneficial to
Muslims? [4]
(2015 October / November/P22)
Q18 (a) (i) Outline the main teachings in the Qur'an and Prophetic Hadiths about
prayer (salat) as the foundation of Islam.
(ii) Describe how Muslims prepare themselves for prayer. [10]
(b) Why should meeting for congregational prayers be more advantageous than
performing prayer alone? [4]
(2016 May/June/P21)
Q19 (a) 'And complete the hajj or umra in the service of God' (al-Bagara 2:196). What
observances does a pilgrim complete in the performance of umra and how is
umra different to haji? [(10]
(b) Explain how the outward actions performed during umra improve a pilgrim's
inner spirituality. [4]
(2016 May/June/P22)
Q20 (a) What are the benefits to individuals and the community of fasting irn
of Ramadan?
(b) Are ld al-Fitr and ld al-Adha more than just celebrations? Giye reasons for
your answer.
(4]
(2016 October/
Q21 (a) Describe the particular features of Friday congregationlprayers (Jum'a) and
the main features of the Friday sermon.
[10]
(b) Explain how this event upholds the unity of the Muslim comimunity. [4]
R e a
& d
r/November/P22)
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