Cement Standards,
Significance of
Cement Testing
and
Testing Procedures
CEMENT
STANDARDS
IMPORTANCE OF CEMENT
TESTING
- Cement is a major construction material that is
primarily used for concrete structures capable
of bearing substantial compressive loads .
thus it must be within the proper specification so as
not to pose danger to the consumers.
- Testing of cement is important because we want to
- ensure that the cement we buy will serve its purpose
-
IMPORTANCE OF CEMENT
TESTING
- If not properly characterized or tested, the
- health and safety of the consumers and the
- general public is jeopardized.
-
Type 1
(Ordinary
Portland
Cement) Cement
(Types of
Cement) Type 1P
Portland
(
Pozzolan
Cement)
CEMENT STANDARDS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
TYPE OF Current ASTM
Description Old Standard
CEMENT Standard Equivalent
Ordinary
TYPE 1 Portland PNS 07, 2000 PNS 07, 2005 ASTM C-150
Cement
Portland
TYPE 1P Pozzolan PNS 63, 1987 PNS 63, 2006 ASTM C-595
Cement
Tests of
Cement
Chemical
Analysis
- LOI
- IR Cement
- S0₃ (Tests of
- MgO Cement)
Chemical
Analysis
- LOI
- IR Cement Physical Properties
- S0₃ (Tests of - Specific Gravity
- MgO Cement) - Fineness
- Time of Setting
- Autoclave
- Air Content
- Compressive Strength
Cement Standards Comparison
Physical Properties
Kind of Test Type of Cement TYPE 1 TYPE 1P
ASTM C150 ASTM C595
Time of Setting (Vicat Test), minutes
Initial Set 45 min. 45 min.
Final Set 375 max. 420 max
Compressive Strength,, min. MPa
3 days 12.0 13.0
7 days 19.0 20.0
28 days - 25.0
Specific Gravity - -
Fineness, % - -
Passing #200 – Type 1 -
Retained #325 – Type 1P 20.0 max
Autoclave Expansion, % 0.80 max 0.80 max
Air Content, % 12.0 max. 12.0 max
Cement Standards Comparison
Chemical Properties
Kind of Test Type of Cement TYPE 1 TYPE 1P
Sulfur Trioxide (S0₃), % 3.0 max. 4.0 max.
Magnesium Oxide (Mg0), % 6.0 max. 6.0 max.
Insoluble Residue, % 1.5 max. -
Loss of Ignition, % 3.0 max.- 5.0 max.
Laboratory Testing Procedures
Kind of Test AASHTO ASTM
Designation Designation
Sampling and Amount of Testing of Hydraulic T127-15 C183-13
Cement
Density of Hydraulic Cement T133-16 C188-14
Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by N0.100 and T128-92 C184-94
N0. 200 Sieves
Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement T129-14 C187-11
Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by T131-15 C191-13
Vicat Needle
Autoclave Expansion of Portland Cement T107M/T107-11 C151/C151M-09
Laboratory Testing Procedures
Kind of Test AASHTO ASTM
Designation Designation
Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar T137-12(2016) C185-08
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement T106M/T106-15 C109/C109M-13
Mortars using 2-inor (50-mm) Cube
Specimens
Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes
and Mortars of Plastic Consistency T162-16 C305-14
LABORATORY
TESTING
PROCEDURE AND
SIGNIFICANCE
SAMPLING AND
AMOUNT OF TESTING
OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
ASTM C183-13
SAMPLING AND AMOUNT OF
TESTING OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
This practice covers procedures for sampling
and for the amount of testing of hydraulic
cement after it has been manufactured and is
ready for sale.
SAMPLING AND AMOUNT OF TESTING
OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
Forevery 2,000 bags or fraction thereof,
1 – Quality Test is required
Tube
Sampler can be used for packaged
cement
Samples taken should be placed in an air
tight containers
SAMPLING AND AMOUNT OF TESTING
OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
PREPARATION OF SAMPLES BEFORE TESTING
Conduct visual inspection to the sample
Pass sample through Sieve no 20 to mix the
sample and break lumps
Reduce sample into laboratory sample
approximately 5 kgs.
Store in air tight containers
For chemical tests pass sample through Sieve no.
100
1. DENSITY/SPECIFIC GRAVITY
The density of hydraulic cement is defined as
the mass of a unit volume of the solids.
Its particular usefulness is in connection with
the design and control of concrete mixtures.
2. FINENESS
A very important property for cement because
hydration of cement is a function of fineness.
The finer the cement, the faster the hydration,
the faster strength development
Greater fineness not only improves the strength
but also water tightness, workability,
appearance and durability of concrete.
3. NORMAL CONSISTENCY TEST
To determine the amount of water to prepare
hydraulic cement pastes for testing.
Refers to the flow behavior of a fresh mixture
Consistency is affected by fineness and the rate
of hydration of cement
4. TIME OF SETTING using Vicat Needle
The time elapsed when the cement paste
gradually stiffens and loss its plasticity
Factors that affect time setting
Percentage and temperature of water used
Temperature and humidity of the air
5. AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION
Determines potential delayed expansion caused
by the hydration of CaO and MgO or both when
present in Portland cement.
Determines the soundness of Portland cement.
These reactions are slow, so they are
accelerated in the laboratory by testing at an
elevated pressure and temperature.
TEST METHOD USED : ASTM C151
6. AIR CONTENT
The purpose of this test method is to determine
whether or not the hydraulic cement under test
meets the air-entraining or non-entraining
requirements.
7. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
This test method provides a means of
determining the compressive strength of
hydraulic cement and other mortars and results
may be used to determine compliance with
specifications.
Standard Test Method
for Density of
Hydraulic Cement
ASTM C188-14
1. DENSITY/SPECIFIC GRAVITY
The density of hydraulic cement is defined as
the mass of a unit volume of the solids.
Its particular usefulness is in connection with
the design and control of concrete mixtures.
DENSITY OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
APPARATUS
DENSITY OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
APPARATUS –
LE CHATELIER FLASK
DENSITY OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
APPARATUS –
LE CHATELIER FLASK
DENSITY OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
APPARATUS – WATER BATH
DENSITY OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
APPARATUS – KEROSENE (with density greater than 0.73g/ml)
DENSITY/SPECIFIC GRAVITY Test
1a.
Fill flask
with
kerosene to
a point on
the stem
between
the 0 and
1ml mark
DENSITY/SPECIFIC GRAVITY Test
1b.
Fill flask
with
kerosene to
a point on
the stem
between
the 0 and
1ml mark
DENSITY/SPECIFIC GRAVITY Test
2.
Immerse
the flask in
a constant
temp. in
water bath
(23±2ºC)
DENSITY/SPECIFIC GRAVITY Test
3.
Take Initial
Reading
DENSITY/SPECIFIC GRAVITY Test
4.
Weigh 64
grams of
cement
DENSITY/SPECIFIC GRAVITY Test
5.
Introduce
the
quantity of
cement in
small
increment
DENSITY/SPECIFIC GRAVITY Test
6.
Place stopper
and gently
whirl to free
entrapped air
until no
further air
bubbles rise to
the surface of
the liquid
DENSITY/SPECIFIC GRAVITY Test
7.
Immerse the
flask in a
constant
temperature
water bath
for sufficient
period of
time
DENSITY/SPECIFIC GRAVITY Test
8.
Take Final
Reading
Density Test
9. Compute
Sp. Gr. = Weight of sample
Final Reading – Initial Reading
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Procedure
Fill Le Chatelier Flask with Kerosene Immerse flask in a
to a point between zero to 1 ml constant temperature
mark water bath (25ºC)
Take initial Introduce 64
Next Page
Reading gms cement
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Procedure
Gently whirl the Immerse flask in a
flask to free constant temperature
entrapped air water bath
Take Final
Calculate
Reading
Standard Test Method for
Fineness of Hydraulic
Cement by N0. 100 &
N0. 200 sieves
ASTM C184-94
2. FINENESS
A very important property for cement because
hydration of cement is a function of fineness.
The finer the cement, the faster the hydration,
the faster strength development
Greater fineness not only improves the strength
but also water tightness, workability,
appearance and durability of concrete.
FINENESS OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
APPARATUS
FINENESS OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
APPARATUS - Sieve
FINENESS OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
APPARATUS – Brush
Fineness of Hydraulic Cement
1.
Weigh 50
grams of
Cement
Fineness of Hydraulic Cement
2.
Put the
cement on
the clean and
dry No. 200
sieve with
the pan
attached.
Sieve with a
gentle wrist
motion for 3
to 4 minutes
Fineness of Hydraulic Cement
3.
Make sure all
fine cement
has passed
through by
sieving under
a clean white
paper and
checking for
any cement
Fineness of Hydraulic Cement
4.
Weigh
cement
retained at
the sieve
Fineness of Hydraulic Cement
5. Compute/Calculate
F = 100 – [ b/a x 100]
where:
F = Fineness passing sieve # 200, %
a = Weight of sample, g
b = Residue from sample, retained,g
Standard Test Method for
Fineness of Hydraulic
Cement by N0. 325 Sieve
ASTM C430
FINENESS OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
APPARATUS
FINENESS OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
APPARATUS - Sieve
Fineness of Hydraulic Cement
1.
Weigh 100
grams of
Cement
Fineness of Hydraulic Cement
2.
Put cement
on clean,
dry N0. 325
sieve with
pan
attached
Fineness of Hydraulic Cement
3.
Wet sample
with gentle
stream of
water
Fineness of Hydraulic Cement
4.
Adjust pressure
of spray nozzle
and wash for 1
min while
moving sieve in
horizontal
circular motion
Fineness of Hydraulic Cement
5.
Dry in oven
and weigh
residue on an
analytical
balance
Fineness of Hydraulic Cement
6. Compute/Calculate
F = Weight of residue retained on the sieve X 100
Weight of sample
where:
F = Fineness retained sieve # 325, %
Standard Test Method for
Normal Consistency of
Hydraulic Cement
ASTM C187
3. NORMAL CONSISTENCY TEST
To determine the amount of water to prepare
hydraulic cement pastes for testing.
Refers to the flow behavior of a fresh mixture
Consistency is affected by fineness and the rate
of hydration of cement
NORMAL CONSISTENCY OF HYDRAULIC
CEMENT
APPARATUS
NORMAL CONSISTENCY OF HYDRAULIC
CEMENT
APPARATUS (Cement Mixer)
NORMAL CONSISTENCY OF HYDRAULIC
CEMENT
APPARATUS (Conical Ring & Glass Plate)
NORMAL CONSISTENCY OF HYDRAULIC
CEMENT
APPARATUS (Spatula)
NORMAL CONSISTENCY OF HYDRAULIC
CEMENT
APPARATUS
NORMAL CONSISTENCY OF HYDRAULIC
CEMENT
APPARATUS
NORMAL CONSISTENCY OF HYDRAULIC
CEMENT
APPARATUS
Normal Consistency Test
1.
Weigh 650
grams of
Cement
Normal Consistency Test
2.
Measure
Water and
put in
mixing
bowl
Normal Consistency Test
3.
Add cement
to the water
and allow
30 seconds
for the
absorption
of the
Water
Normal Consistency Test
4.
Mix at
low speed
(140±5 r/m)
for
30 seconds
Normal Consistency Test
5.
Stop mixer
for 15
seconds and
scrape sides
of the
mixing bowl
Normal Consistency Test
6.
Mix at
medium
speed
(280±10 r/m)
for
1 minute
Normal Consistency Test
7.
Roll paste
in a ball
Normal Consistency Test
8.
Toss six
times
between
hands 6
inches apart
Normal Consistency Test
9.
Press ball in
larger end of
conical ring
and remove
excess using
palm in a
single
movement
Normal Consistency Test
10.
Put in a base
plate and
slice off
excess using
a spatula in a
single stroke
Normal Consistency Test
11.
Put under
vicat
apparatus
and set
indicator
Normal Consistency Test
12.
Release rod
and take
reading not
exceeding 30
seconds
Normal Consistency Test
The paste shall be of Normal Consistency
when the rod settles to a point 10±1 mm in
30 seconds
Compute
N.C. = Volume of water x 100
Weight of cement
TIME OF SETTING BY
VICAT NEEDLE
ASTM C191-13
4. TIME OF SETTING using Vicat Needle
The time elapsed when the cement paste
gradually stiffens and loss its plasticity
Factors that affect time setting
Percentage and temperature of water used
Temperature and humidity of the air
Time of setting by Vicat Needle
The cement paste for the determination of
the time of setting is obtained either from
1) Prepare new batch of paste
2) Use paste remaining from the batch
used from Normal Consistency
TIME SETTING BY VICAT NEEDLE
1.
After molding
place test
specimen in
the moisture
cabinet for 30
minutes
without being
disturbed
TIME SETTING BY VICAT NEEDLE
2.
Determine the
penetration of
1 mm needle at
this time and
for every 15
minutes
thereafter until
a penetration
of 25 mm or
less is
obtained.
TIME SETTING BY VICAT NEEDLE
3.
Release the
set screw
quickly and
allow needle
to settle for
30 seconds
then take
reading
TIME SETTING BY VICAT NEEDLE
4.
No
penetration
test shall be
made closer
than 6.4mm
from any
previous
penetration.
Record all
reading
TIME SETTING BY VICAT NEEDLE
4b.
No
penetration
test shall be
made closer
than 9.5mm
from the
inside of the
mold.
TIME SETTING BY VICAT NEEDLE
Compute
Initial Setting = Penetration of 25 mm
Final Setting = Zero Penetration
AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION
OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
ASTM C151/151M-09
5. AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION
Determines potential delayed expansion caused
by the hydration of CaO and MgO or both when
present in Portland cement.
Determines the soundness of Portland cement.
These reactions are slow, so they are
accelerated in the laboratory by testing at an
elevated pressure and temperature.
TEST METHOD USED : ASTM C151
Autoclave Expansion
Thecement paste for the determination of
autoclave expansion of hydraulic cement is
obtained either :
1) Prepare new batch of paste
2) Use paste remaining from the batch
used from Normal Consistency
AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION OF HYDRAULIC
CEMENT
APPARATUS
Autoclave
mold with
gauge studs
AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION OF HYDRAULIC
CEMENT
APPARATUS
spatula
AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION OF HYDRAULIC
CEMENT
APPARATUS
Length
Comparator
AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION OF HYDRAULIC
CEMENT
APPARATUS
Autoclave
Machine
AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION
1.
Mold test
specimen by
pressing the
paste into the
corners around
the gauge studs
until a
homogenous
specimen is
obtained
AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION
2.
Mold test
specimen in
two
approximate
equal layers.
Cut off the
paste and
smooth the
surface with a
few strokes
AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION
3.
After
molding
place test
specimen in
the moisture
cabinet for
24 hours
AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION
4.
After 24
hr±30 min,
obtain length
comparator
reading for
each
specimen.
AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION
5.
Place
specimen in
the
autoclave
rack
AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION
6.
Place
specimen
sample in the
autoclave
machine with
enough water
at an initial
temp of 20-
28ºC
AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION
7.
Leave the vent
valve open until
steam begins to
escape then close
valve and raise
temp of autoclave
at a rate that will
bring the gage
pressure to
295psi (2MPa) in
45 to 75 min from
time of heat is
turned on
AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION
8.
Maintain the gage
pressure of
295±10psi
(2±0.07MPa) for 3
hrs. Then shut off
the heat supply
and cool
autoclave at a
rate that the
pressure will be
less than 10 psi at
the end of 1 ½
hour
AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION
9.
At the end of 1 ½
hour slowly
release any
remaining
pressure by
partially opening
the vent valve,
open autoclave
and place test
specimen in
water at a
temperature
above 90ºC
AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION
11.
Cool the water
surrounding the
bars by adding
cold water so that
the water will be
lowered to 23ºC
for 15 minutes.
Maintain the
water
surrounding the
specimen at 23ºC
for another 15
mins.
AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION
12.
Surface dry
the specimen
and obtain a
length
comparator
reading for the
specimen then
record reading
AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION
Compute
Autoclave Expansion =
Final Length – Initial Length x 100
Effective Gauge Length
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Procedure
Fill Le Chatelier Flask with Kerosene Immerse flask in a
to a point between zero to 1 ml constant temperature
mark water bath (25ºC)
Take initial Introduce 64
Next Page
Reading gms cement
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Procedure
Gently whirl the Immerse flask in a
flask to free constant temperature
entrapped air water bath
Take Final
Calculate
Reading
STANDARD TEST METHOD
FOR AIR CONTENT OF
HYDRAULIC CEMENT MORTAR
ASTM C185-08
6. AIR CONTENT
To determine whether or not the hydraulic
cement meets the air-entraining or non-air-
entraining requirements of the applicable
hydraulic cement specification.
It is the volume of air (or other gas) voids in
freshly mixed cement mortar, expressed as a
percentage of total volume of the mortar.
AIR CONTENT OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
APPARATUS
AIR CONTENT OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
APPARATUS – FLOW TABLE AND FLOW MOLD
AIR CONTENT OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
APPARATUS – MIXER, BOWL AND PADDLE
AIR CONTENT OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
APPARATUS – 400 ML CYLINDRICAL MEASURE MOLD
AIR CONTENT OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
APPARATUS – STRAIGHT EDGE
AIR CONTENT OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
APPARATUS – GRADUATED CYLINDER, TAMPER
AIR CONTENT OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
STANADARD SAND – 20-30 STANDARD SAND
Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
1.
Weigh 350
grams of
Cement
Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
2.
Weigh 1,400
grams of
Standard
sand
Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
3.
Measure
Water and
put in
mixing
bowl
Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
4.
Add cement
to the water
and allow
30 seconds
for the
absorption
of the
Water
Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
5.
Mix at
low speed
(140±5 r/m)
for
30 seconds
Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
6.
Add the
quantity of
sand slowly
over 30 secs
While mixing
at slow speed
Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
7.
Stop mixer
then change
the speed to
285 ± 10 rpm
then mix for
30 seconds
Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
8.
Stop mixer and
let mortar
stand for 1 ½
minutes,
during the first
15 secs quickly
scrape down
the any mortar
collected on
the side of the
bowl.
Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
9.
Finish by
mixing for 1
minute at
medium of
285 ± 10 rpm
Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
10a.
Flow
Determination
Wipe dry the
flow table top,
place the flow
mold, place a
layer of about
25 mm thick and
tamp 20 times
with the tamper
Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
10b.
Flow
Determination
Fill the mold
with mortar and
tamp 20 times
again, cut off
the mortar to a
plane surface
and wipe the
flow table top
clean and dry.
Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
11.
Flow
Determination
Lift the mold 1
min after
completing the
mixing
operation.
Immediately
drop the table
10 times in 6
secs
Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
12.
Flow
Determination
Measure the
diameter of
the mortar
mass to
determine the
flow.
Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
13.
Weigh the
empty 400 ml
mold.
Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
13.
Place mortar
gently into
the 400 ml
measure in 3
equal layers
and tamp 20
times each
layer
Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
14.
Tap the sides
of the measure
lightly. Cut the
mortar off to a
plane surface
with two
passes and
with sawing
motion. Clean
then weigh
Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
Compute
Air Content, Volume %
𝟏𝟖𝟐.𝟕+𝑷
= 100-w 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝑷
where
w= mass of 400 ml of mortar
P = % of mixing water
Standard Test Method for
Compressive Strength of
Hydraulic Cement Mortars using
2-in Cube Specimens
ASTM C109M-13
7. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
This test method provides a means of
determining the compressive strength of
hydraulic cement and other mortars and results
may be used to determine compliance with
specifications.
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF HYDRAULIC
CEMENT USING 2-in CUBE SPECIMENS
APPARATUS
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF HYDRAULIC
CEMENT USING 2-in CUBE SPECIMENS
APPARATUS (Cement Mixer)
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF HYDRAULIC
CEMENT USING 2-in CUBE SPECIMENS
APPARATUS (Flow Table)
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF HYDRAULIC
CEMENT USING 2-in CUBE SPECIMENS
APPARATUS (Testing Machine)
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF HYDRAULIC
CEMENT USING 2-in CUBE SPECIMENS
APPARATUS (2-in or 50mm cube molds)
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF HYDRAULIC
CEMENT USING 2-in CUBE SPECIMENS
APPARATUS (Graduated Cylinders/Glass Wares)
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF HYDRAULIC
CEMENT USING 2-in CUBE SPECIMENS
APPARATUS
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF HYDRAULIC
CEMENT USING 2-in CUBE SPECIMENS
Material : Graded Standard Sand
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement
Mortar
1.
Weigh 500
grams of
Cement for 6
specimens or
740 grams
cement for 9
specimens
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement
Mortar
2.
With 1 part of
cement to 2.75
parts of graded
standard sand,
Weigh 1375
grams of
sand for 6
specimens or 2035
grams sand for 9
specimens
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement
Mortar
3.
Use water-cement
ratio of 0.485 for
all Portland
cement while the
amount of mixing
water for Blended
cement shall be
such as to produce
a flow of 110±5
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement
Mortar
4.
Add cement
to the water
and allow
30 seconds
for the
absorption
of the
Water
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement
Mortar
5.
Mix at
low speed
(140±5 r/m)
for
30 seconds
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement
Mortar
6.
Add the
quantity of
sand slowly
over 30 secs
While mixing
at slow speed
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic
Cement Mortar
7.
Stop mixer
then change
the speed to
285 ± 10 rpm
then mix for
30 seconds
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement
Mortar
8.
Stop mixer and
let mortar
stand for 1 ½
minutes,
during the first
15 secs quickly
scrape down
the any mortar
collected on
the side of the
bowl.
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic
Cement Mortar
9.
Finish by
mixing for 1
minute at
medium of
285 ± 10 rpm
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic
Cement Mortar
10a.
Flow
Determination
Wipe dry the
flow table top,
place the flow
mold, place a
layer of about
25 mm thick and
tamp 20 times
with the tamper
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement
Mortar
10b.
Flow
Determination
Fill the mold
with mortar and
tamp 20 times
again, cut off
the mortar to a
plane surface
and wipe the
flow table top
clean and dry.
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement
Mortar
11.
Flow
Determination
Lift the mold 1
min after
completing the
mixing
operation.
Immediately
drop the table
10 times in 6
secs
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement
Mortar
12.
Flow
Determination
Measure the
diameter of
the mortar
mass to
determine the
flow.
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement
Mortar
13.
Molding Test
Specimen
Upon completion
of flow
determination
return mortar
and remix the
entire batch for
15 seconds at
medium speed.
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement
Mortar
14.
Molding Test
Specimen
Place a layer of
mortar about 1
in. in all the cube
compartment and
tamp 32 times in
about 10 seconds
in 4 rounds
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement
Mortar
15.
Storage of Test
Specimen
Place test
specimens in the
moist cabinet or
moist room for 24
hours. After 24
hrs remove from
mold and
immerse in water
until testing
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement
Mortar
16.
Determination
of compressive
strength
Wipe each
specimen to a
surface dry
condition and
apply load.
Record result
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement
Mortar
Compute
fm = P/A where
fm= compressive strength in psi or MPa
P = Total maximum load in lbf or N
A = area of loaded surface in² or mm²
