You're absolutely right.
Let me clarify and expand on those points:
### Detailed Steps of DML Operations Including `after` Trigger and `Database.SaveResult`
1. **DML Statement Execution**:
- When a DML operation is executed (e.g., `insert`, `update`, `delete`, or `upsert`),
Salesforce processes the operation and determines which records need to be affected.
2. **Before Triggers**:
- Any `before` triggers defined on the objects are executed first. `Before` triggers are used
to perform actions or validations before the record is saved to the database.
3. **System Validation**:
- Salesforce performs standard system validations, such as checking required fields, data
types, and field length constraints.
4. **DML Operation**:
- The actual DML operation is performed. This means the changes are applied to the
database, but not yet committed. During this step, Salesforce maintains a log of changes.
5. **After Triggers**:
- If there are any `after` triggers defined on the objects, these triggers are executed after
the record is saved to the database but before the transaction is committed. `After` triggers
are used to perform actions that require the record to be saved (e.g., updating related
records).
6. **Commit Operation**:
- Salesforce commits the transaction to the database. This means that all changes made
during the DML operation are permanently saved. If any part of the process fails, the entire
transaction is rolled back to ensure data integrity.
7. **Database.SaveResult**:
- When using methods like `Database.insert`, the `SaveResult` object is returned. This
object contains information about the success or failure of each record operation, including
error messages if any. It's particularly useful for handling partial successes when the
`allOrNone` parameter is set to `false`.
8. **Workflow Rules and Processes**:
- Salesforce executes any workflow rules, processes, or other automation configured for
the objects. This can include field updates, email alerts, and outbound messages.
9. **Validation Rules**:
- Validation rules are re-evaluated, and any errors found can prevent the commit. If a
validation rule fails, the transaction is rolled back.
10. **Post-Commit Actions**:
- After the commit, Salesforce executes any post-commit actions, such as sending
platform events or notifying integrations.
### Example Scenario with `Database.SaveResult`
Let's say you have an `Account` object and you insert a new record using `Database.insert`:
```java
Account a = new Account(Name='New Account');
Database.SaveResult sr = Database.insert(a, false);
if (!sr.isSuccess()) {
// Handle the error
for (Database.Error error : sr.getErrors()) {
System.debug('Error: ' + error.getMessage());
```
1. **Insert Statement**: `Database.insert(a, false);` is called.
2. **Before Insert Trigger**: Any `before insert` triggers on the `Account` object are
executed.
3. **System Validation**: Required fields and other constraints are checked.
4. **Insert Operation**: The `Account` record is inserted into the database.
5. **After Insert Trigger**: Any `after insert` triggers on the `Account` object are executed.
6. **Commit**: The transaction is committed, making the new `Account` record permanent.
7. **Database.SaveResult**: The `SaveResult` object `sr` provides the success status and
any errors. If the operation is not successful, the error details are retrieved and handled.
😊
I hope this provides a clear and comprehensive view of the DML process in Salesforce. If
you have more questions or need further details, feel free to ask!
