Probability Worksheet

IGCSE
MATHS
0580
 1

1 Mahika records how 120 students from Year 1 and Year 2 travel to school.
Each student walks, cycles or travels by bus.

• 48 students are in Year 1.

• 77 students walk.
• 5 students in Year 2 cycle.
• 36 students travel by bus.
•
of the students who travel by bus are in Year 1.

(a) Complete the table.

Walk Cycle Bus Total

Year 1

Year 2

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Total 120

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[3]

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(b) One of the 120 students is chosen at random. iw
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Work out the probability that this student does not travel by bus to school.
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................................................... [2]
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[Total: 5]
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2 Rui has a bag containing 5 black pens, 8 red pens and 3 blue pens only.
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He takes a pen out of the bag at random.

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Draw an arrow (↓) on the probability scale to show the probability that Rui takes
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(a) a red pen,

[1]

(b) a red pen or a blue pen.

[1]

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 2

[Total: 2]

3 A bag contains 3 green balls, 4 red balls and 1 blue ball only.
Matt takes a ball from the bag at random.

Some probabilities are marked on the probability scale.

Write down the letter that shows the probability that

(a) Matt takes a red ball,

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................................................... [1]

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(b) Matt does not take a blue ball.

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[Total: 2]
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4 The favourite sport of each of 135 boys is recorded in the table.

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Favourite sport Frequency Pie chart sector angle

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Soccer 54 144°
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Hockey 45
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Rugby 27
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Other 9
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(a) Complete the table.

[2]

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 3

(b) Complete the pie chart to show these results.

The sector for soccer has been drawn for you.

Soccer

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[2]
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(c) One of these boys is picked at random.

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Find the probability that soccer is his favourite sport.

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................................................... [1]
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[Total: 5]
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Bag A Bag B

Bag A contains 2 black marbles and 3 white marbles.

Bag B contains 5 black marbles and 8 white marbles.

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 4

(a) Write down the probability that a marble picked at random from bag A is black.

................................................... [1]

(b) Toby says,

‘You are more likely to pick a black marble at random from bag B than from bag A
because bag B has more black marbles.’

Is Toby correct?
Give a reason for your answer.

.............................. because ....................................................................................................... [2]

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(c) Toby adds some marbles to bag B.

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The probability of picking a black marble at random from either bag is now the same.

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Work out the smallest number of black marbles and white marbles he adds to bag B.

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Black ...................................................
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White ................................................... [2]

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[Total: 5]
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6 Paul has a set of 8 cards, each with a number written on it.

So

The numbers on the cards are 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5.

One card is taken at random.

Write down the probability that the number on the card is

(a) 1,

................................................... [1]

(b) an odd number,

................................................... [1]

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 5

(c) a prime number,

................................................... [1]

(d) a number less than 6.

................................................... [1]

[Total: 4]

V E N N D I A G R A M

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The diagram shows 11 cards.

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(a) One of these cards is chosen at random.
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Write down the probability that the letter on the card is not A.
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................................................... [1]
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(b) A card is chosen at random from these 11 cards and then replaced.
A second card is then chosen at random.
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Find the probability that exactly one card has the letter N.
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So

................................................... [3]

[Total: 4]

8
E M

............. .......... .............

.............

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 6

50 students are asked if they like English (E) and if they like mathematics (M).
3 say they do not like English and do not like mathematics.
33 say they like English.
42 say they like mathematics.

(a) Complete the Venn diagram. [2]

(b) A student is chosen at random.

Find the probability that this student likes English and likes mathematics.

................................................... [1]

(c) Two students are chosen at random.

Find the probability that they both like mathematics.

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................................................... [2]
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(d) Two students who like English are chosen at random.

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Find the probability that they both also like mathematics.

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So

................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]

9 The time, t minutes, taken by each of 80 people to travel to work is recorded.

The table shows information about these times.

Time
(t minutes)

Frequency 3 7 18 28 24

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 7

(a) One of these 80 people is chosen at random.

Find the probability that this person took longer than 10 minutes to travel to work.
Give your answer as a fraction in its simplest form.

................................................... [2]

(b) Two people are chosen at random from those taking 20 minutes or less to travel to work.

Calculate the probability that one of these people took 5 minutes or less and the other took more than
5 minutes.

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................................................... [3]
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[Total: 5]
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10 In a class activity, all the 15 students wear hats.

7 students wear red hats, 6 students wear green hats and 2 students wear white hats.
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(a) One of these students is picked at random.

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Find the probability that this student wears a red hat.

................................................... [1]

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 8

(b) Two of the 15 students are picked at random.

Show that the probability that these two students wear hats of the same colour is .

[3]

(c) Three of the 15 students are picked at random.

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Find the probability that at least two of these three students wear red hats.

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................................................... [4]
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[Total: 8]
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11 The heights, h metres, of the 120 boys in an athletics club are recorded.
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The table shows information about the heights of the boys.

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Height
(h metres)

Frequency 7 18 30 24 27 14

(a) (i) Write down the modal class.

.............................. .............................. [1]

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 9

(ii) Calculate an estimate of the mean height.

................................................... m [4]

(b) (i) One boy is chosen at random from the club.

Find the probability that this boy has a height greater than 1.8 m.

"
................................................... [1]

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(ii) Three boys are chosen at random from the club.

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Calculate the probability that one of the boys has a height greater than 1.8 m and the other two

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boys each have a height of 1.4 m or less.
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................................................... [4]
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(c) (i) Use the frequency table to complete the cumulative frequency table.

Height
(h metres)
Cumulative
7 25
frequency

[2]

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 10

(ii) On the grid, draw a cumulative frequency diagram to show this information.

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[3]
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(d) Use your diagram to find an estimate for

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(i) the median height,

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................................................... m [1]
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(ii) the 40th percentile.

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................................................... m [2]

[Total: 18]

12 The diagram shows two sets of cards.

Set A 1 1 2 2 2

Set B 0 1 1 1 2

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 11

(a) Jojo chooses two cards at random from Set A without replacement.

Find the probability that the two cards have the same number.

................................................... [3]

(b) Jojo replaces the two cards.

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Kylie then chooses one card at random from Set A and one card at random from Set B.

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Find the probability that the two cards have the same number.

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................................................... [3]
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(c) Who is the most likely to choose two cards that have the same number?
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Show all your working.

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................................................... [1]

[Total: 7]

13 A bag contains brown balls, white balls, black balls and purple balls only.
A ball is taken from this bag at random.

Colour Brown White Black Purple

Probability 0.46 0.22 0.14

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 12

(a) Complete the table.

[2]

(b) Which colour is the most likely to be taken?

................................................... [1]

(c) There are 50 balls in this bag.

Work out the number of black balls.

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................................................... [1]
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[Total: 4]
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14 Tanya plants some seeds.

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The probability that a seed will produce flowers is 0.8 .

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When a seed produces flowers, the probability that the flowers are red is 0.6 and the probability that the
flowers are yellow is 0.3 .
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(a) Tanya has a seed that produces flowers.

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Find the probability that the flowers are not red and not yellow.
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................................................... [1]

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 13

(b) (i) Complete the tree diagram.

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[2]

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(ii) Find the probability that a seed chosen at random produces red flowers.

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................................................... [2]
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(iii) Tanya chooses a seed at random.

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Find the probability that this seed does not produce red flowers and does not produce yellow
flowers.
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................................................... [3]

LGS-55 Main, BHS-JT, CITY-MTLC Lessons available on Youtube "Mathswithzaeem"

 14

(c) Two of the seeds are chosen at random.

Find the probability that one produces flowers and one does not produce flowers.

................................................... [3]

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[Total: 11]

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15 The probability that Andrei cycles to school is r.

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(a) Write down, in terms of r, the probability that Andrei does not cycle to school.
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................................................... [1]
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(b) The probability that Benoit does not cycle to school is .

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The probability that both Andrei and Benoit do not cycle to school is 0.4 .
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(i) Complete the equation in terms of r.

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( ................................................... ) × ( ................................................... ) = 0.4 [1]

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(ii) Show that this equation simplifies to .

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[3]

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 15

(iii) Solve by factorisation .

r = .............................. or r = .............................. [3]

(iv) Find the probability that Benoit does not cycle to school.

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................................................... [1]
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[Total: 9]
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16 A biased 4-sided dice is rolled.

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The possible scores are 1, 2, 3 or 4.

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The probability of rolling a 1, 3 or 4 is shown in the table.

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Score 1 2 3 4
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Probability 0.15 0.3 0.35

Complete the table. [2]

[Total: 2]

17 The probability that a tin of paint is dented is 0.07 .

Out of 3000 tins of paint, how many would you expect to be dented?

Answer ................................................... [2]

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 16

[Total: 2]

18 Kim has a 6-sided spinner numbered 1 to 6.

She spins it 63 times and her scores are shown in the table.

Score on spinner 1 2 3 4 5 6

Frequency 12 7 15 11 8 10

(a) Find the relative frequency of scoring a 5 with this spinner.

................................................... [1]

(b) Work out the mean score.

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................................................... [3]
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[Total: 4]
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19 Mario tests new cars.

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The probability that a car is faulty is 0.04 .

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(a) Find the probability that a car is not faulty.

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So

...................................................... [1]

(b) In one week Mario tests 850 cars.

Find the number of cars that are expected to be faulty.

...................................................... [2]

[Total: 3]

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 17

20 6 5

6 7
5

3 5
8
2

The diagram shows a fair 9-sided spinner.

The numbers on the spinner are 2, 3, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7 and 8.

(a) The spinner is spun once.

Write down the probability that the spinner lands on

(i) the number 8,

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................................................... [1]

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(ii) a number less than 7. iw
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................................................... [1]
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(b) The spinner is spun 135 times.

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Work out the expected number of times the spinner lands on the number 6.
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................................................... [1]
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[Total: 3]

21 Dominic asks 30 students in his class if they are right-handed or left-handed.

7 students are left-handed.

Work out the expected number of left-handed students in the whole school of 960 students.

................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

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 18

22 At a festival, 380 people out of 500 people questioned say that they are camping.
There are 55 300 people at the festival.

Calculate an estimate of the total number of people camping at the festival.

................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

23 12 friends travel to a festival.

5 travel by car, 4 travel by bus and 3 travel by train.
Two people are chosen at random from the 12 friends.

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Calculate the probability that they travel by different types of transport.

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................................................... [4]
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[Total: 4]
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24 A bag contains 3 blue buttons, 8 white buttons and 5 red buttons.

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Two buttons are picked at random from the bag, without replacement.
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Work out the probability that the two buttons are either both red or both white.

................................................... [3]

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 19

[Total: 3]

25 Malik goes to a shop every day to buy bread.

On any day, the probability that Malik goes to the shop in the morning is 0.7 .

If he goes in the morning, the probability that there is bread for Malik to buy is 0.95 .
If he goes later, the probability that there is bread for Malik to buy is 0.6 .

Calculate the probability that, on any day, there is bread for Malik to buy.

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................................................... [3]
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[Total: 3]
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26 A bag contains 5 red balls, 4 blue balls and 3 green balls.

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Marie picks balls at random, without replacement, from the 12 balls.

When she picks a green ball she stops.
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The probability that she picks a green ball on pick n is .

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Find the value of n.

n = ................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

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 20

27
On any Saturday, the probability that Arun plays football is .

On any Saturday, the probability that Bob plays football is .

(a) (i) Complete the tree diagram.

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[2]
(ii) Calculate the probability that, one Saturday, Arun and Bob both play football.
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................................................... [2]
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(iii) Calculate the probability that, one Saturday, either Arun plays football or Bob plays football,
but not both.

................................................... [3]

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 21

(b) Calculate the probability that Bob plays football for 2 of the next 3 Saturdays.

................................................... [3]

(c) When Arun plays football, the probability that he scores the winning goal is .

"
Calculate the probability that Arun scores the winning goal one Saturday.

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................................................... [2]
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[Total: 12]
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 22

28
The probability that the school bus is late is .

If the school bus is late, the probability that Seb travels on the bus is .

If the school bus is on time, the probability that Seb travels on the bus is .

Find the probability that Seb travels on the bus.

"
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................................................... [3]
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[Total: 3]
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tio
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LGS-55 Main, BHS-JT, CITY-MTLC Lessons available on Youtube "Mathswithzaeem"