GROUP
PROJECT
SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:
ABHINAV BISHWAS(21126003) DR. SOUNAK NANDI
AKSHAY GOY AL(21126006)
DHARAVATH
VENKATESH(21126016)
PRERNA DUDHEKAR(21126040)
ROSEMIN TONGARIA(21126044)
CONTENT
01 WHAT IS TRANSFORMER INRUSH CURRENT?
02 T R ANSFO R MER INR USH CUR R ENT CAUSE
03 H O W T O CALCULAT E T R ANSFO R MER INR USH CUR R ENT
04 H O W T O MEASUR E T R ANSFO R MER INR USH CUR R ENT
05 EFFECT S O F T R ANSFO R MER INR USH CUR R ENT
06 H O W T O R EDUCE T R ANSFO R MER INR USH CUR R ENT
WHAT IS TRANSFORMER INRUSH CURRENT?
When a transformer is first turned on, a large
surge of current (inrush current) occurs to
establish its magnetic field. This can be several
times the normal operating current and may
trigger unwanted circuit breaker trips
While this phenomenon is normal and doesn't
harm the transformer, it's crucial to consider its
impact, especially in sensitive applications.
Techniques like soft -starting or using
specialized transformers with lower inrush
currents can help mitigate these effects.
TRANSFORMER INRUSH CURRENT CAUSE
The magne tomoti ve f or ce (MMF) d r ives the f lux thr ough the cor e, and its value i s p r op or ti onal to
the cur r e nt thr ough the wind ing. The MMF is given b y:
MMF = N × I
The r ate of change of magnetic flux i n a tr ansf ormer core is pr op or tional to the instantane ous
voltage d r op acr oss the p r imar y wind ing
V = dɸ / dt
ɸ = Integral ( V )
The f lux value at the end of the voltage wavef or m’s f ir st half cycle can b e calculate d usi ng :
• Cor e satur ation lead s to high inr ush cur r ent .
• Inr ush cur r ent can b e multip le times the nor mal op er ating cur r e nt .
HOW TO CALCULATE TRANSFORMER
INRUSH CURRENT
U se the following equation to calculate the inrush current in a
transformer:
Ip = 1.414 Vm / R
• Ip: Transformer inrush current
• Vm: Peak magnitude of applied voltage
• R: DC winding resistance
EFFECTS OF TRANSFORMER INRUSH
CURRENT
01 02 03 04 05
Hi gh magne ti zi ng Ar cing (electric Cur r ent d istur b ance Mechanical and Ir r e gular voltage
inr ush cur r ent in cur r ent jumping and har moni cs i n electr ical vibr ations distr ibution along
tr ansf or me r f r om one the system and along the the tr ansf or mer
nece ssitate s ove r - connection to the lower p ower q uality tr ansf or mer w i nd i ngs.
sizing of b r e ak e rs or other ) and f ailur e of char acteristics. wind ings.
f uses. cir cuit comp onents
like switches.
HOW TO REDUCE TRANSFORMER INRUSH CURRENT
ADJUSTING THE INPUT VO LTAGE
PHASE
• Inrush current occurs when a
transformer is energized at zero
voltage.
• Switching on at the peak voltage
point can minimize inrush
current.
• However, as inrush current is
brief and transformers are
designed to handle it, this
technique is often unneces s ar y.
HOW TO REDUCE TRANSFORMER INRUSH CURRENT
USE AN INRUSH CURRENT
PROTECTIO N CIRCUIT
• Thermistor - Based Inrush Cur r e nt
Limiting:
1. High initial resistance limits inrush
cur rent.
2. Te mperatur e rise reduces re s is tance ,
allowing normal current flow.
• Phase Angle Control: Switching the
transformer on at the peak voltage
point minim izes inrush curre nt.
• Specialized Transformer Des igns :
Core materials and winding
configurations can reduce inrush
cur rent..
THANK YOU
