Field Instrument

Vincent John C. Torrejos

Field Instrument

Field instruments are devices that are used to measure

and control various process variables in industrial
settings. These variables include temperature,
pressure, flow, level. Field instruments are essential
components of process control systems, as they
provide critical information about the process and help
maintain safe and efficient operation.
 Importance of Field Instrument

Data Acquisition
Field instruments are responsible for collecting data
from the physical world. They measure parameters
such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, level, and
more. This data is essential for monitoring and
controlling industrial processes.
 Importance of Field Instrument

Process Control
Field instruments provide feedback to control
systems, allowing them to adjust process parameters
in real-time to maintain optimal operation. This helps to
prevent product quality issues, minimize downtime,
and improve efficiency.
 Importance of Field Instrument

Safety
Field instruments contribute to the safety of industrial
processes by monitoring critical parameters. In the
event of abnormal conditions or hazards, they can
trigger alarms or shutdown systems to prevent
accidents and ensure the well-being of personnel and
equipment.
 Importance of Field Instrument

Regulatory Compliance
In many industries, compliance with regulatory
requirements is essential for operation. Field
instruments are often used to measure and record
process variables to ensure compliance with regulatory
requirements.
 Types of Field Instruments

Temperature Instruments
Pressure Instruments
Flow Instruments
Level Instruments
 Temperature Instruments

is a device or instrument that is designed to

measure the temperature of an object or the
surrounding environment. They play a critical role in
monitoring and controlling temperature for various
purposes.
Types of Temperature Instruments

Analog Temperature Gauge

Thermocouples
Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs)
Analog Temperature Gauge

Analog temperature indicators use a mechanical or

Analog gauge with a needle or pointer to indicate the
temperature on a scale. They provide a visual
representation of temperature variations.
 Analog Temperature Gauge

How it works:
Bimetallic gauges work
based on the principle
that different metals have
different coefficients of
thermal expansion.
Thermocouples
Thermocouples are
temperature sensors
that generate a voltage
proportional to the
temperature difference
between two junctions.
Operate based on the
principle of the
Seebeck effect
Thermocouples
How it works:
It operate based on the principle of the Seebeck
effect, which states that when two dissimilar metals
are joined together, a voltage is produced that is
proportional to the temperature difference between
the two junctions of the metals.
Resistance Temperature Detectors
(RTDs)
Temperature sensors that utilize the change in
electrical resistance of a metal wire with
temperature. They offer high accuracy and
stability over a wide temperature range.
Resistance Temperature Detectors
(RTDs)
How it works:
It operate on the principle of electrical resistance. The
resistance of a material changes with temperature,
and this change in resistance can be used to measure
temperature.
 Temperature Calibration
Dry Block Calibration
is a calibration method used to
calibrate temperature sensors, by
immersing them in a thermally stable
dry block. This process provides a
controlled and stable temperature
environment for the calibration of
temperature-sensing devices.
Pressure Instruments

A pressure instrument is a device used to measure,

monitor, or control the pressure of gases or liquids in
various applications.
Types of Pressure Instruments

Pressure Gauges
Pressure Transmitters
Pressure Switches
Differential Pressure Transmitters
 Pressure Gauges
Pressure gauges are one of the most common and
straightforward pressure instruments. They visually
display the pressure of a fluid in a system

Bourdon Tube
Pressure Transmitters
Pressure transmitters convert pressure readings into
electrical signals, usually 4-20 mA or voltage signals.
These signals can be transmitted to a control system
for monitoring and control purposes.
 Pressure Switches
Devices that open or close an electrical circuit based on
the pressure level. They are commonly used in
applications where certain pressure thresholds trigger
specific actions, such as turning on or off a pump or
activating an alarm.
Differential Pressure Transmitters
Differential pressure transmitters are instruments that
measure the difference in pressure between two points
in a fluid-filled system.
 Pressure Calibration
Pneumatic and Hydraulic Calibrators
Pressure calibration is a process of
verifying and adjusting the accuracy of
pressure measurement instruments to
ensure that they provide reliable and
accurate readings.
 Pressure Calibration
HART Communicator
a device used in industrial process automation to
communicate with and configure field devices that
support the Highway Addressable Remote Transducer
(HART) communication protocol. It is widely used
standard in process industries, allowing for bidirectional
communication between smart field instruments and
control systems
 Pressure Calibration
HART Communicator Use Cases:
 Commissioning
used to configure devices, set operating parameters, and ensure
proper integration into the control system.
 Maintenance
regular maintenance activities, such as calibration checks and
adjustments
 Troubleshooting
troubleshooting by retrieving diagnostic information, checking
configurations, and making necessary adjustments.
 Loop Checks
allowing technicians to simulate signals and test the response of
field instruments within the control loop.
 Data Logging and Documentation
 Pressure Calibration
HART Communicator
 Flow Instrument

A flow instrument is a device used to measure the rate

of fluid flow in a pipeline or conduit.

Flow measurement is essential in processes where

accurate control of fluid flow is necessary for
operational efficiency, safety, and quality assurance.
Types of Flow Instrument

Differential Pressure (DP) Flow Meters

Magnetic Flowmeter
Ultrasonic Flow Meters
Coriolis Flow Meters
Differential Pressure (DP) Flow Meters
Work based on the principle of measuring the pressure
drop across a constriction in the flow path. Examples
orifice plates, venturi tubes, flow nozzles, and pitot
tubes.
Differential Pressure (DP) Flow Meters
 Magnetic Flowmeter
also known as electromagnetic flowmeters, use
Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction to measure
the flow rate. They employ a magnetic field and
measure the induced voltage generated as the
conductive fluid moves through the magnetic field.
 Ultrasonic Flow Meters
Use ultrasonic waves to measure the velocity of
a fluid. They can be either transit-time or doppler-
based. Transit-time meters measure the time
difference between upstream and downstream
ultrasonic signals, while doppler meters measure the
frequency shift caused by particles or bubbles in the
fluid.

Doppler Transit-time
 Ultrasonic Flow Meters
FDC MPC used Ultrasonic Flowmeters at CEMS ENVIA
SYSTEM for flue gas velocity monitoring.
 Coriolis Flow Meters
Measure the mass flow rate of the fluid by
utilizing the Coriolis effect. They have a vibrating tube
through which the fluid flows. The fluid's mass flow
causes the tube to twist, and the twist is proportional to
the mass flow rate.
 Coriolis Flow Meters
FDC MPC used coriolis flowmeter at LFO for
diesel flow monitoring.