Revision (Units: 1 ~ 6)

Subject Verb Agreement (SVA): .. ‫الفاعل البد ان يتوافق مع الفعل‬

He play -> wrong .. He plays -> right ..
People does -> wrong .. People do -> right ..

Present simple:
Permanent action: (what do you do?) .. ‫حدث دائم‬
Do you play tennis ..,??
I don’t speak French ..
He is nice ..
Hassan lives in Tanta ..

Present continuous:
Temporary action: (what are you doing?) .. ‫حدث مؤقت‬
Are you playing tennis? (at the moment)
I am not speaking French (now)
He is being nice
Hassan is living in Tanta
Verbs don’t come in the continuous form:
Stative verbs: understand – think – believe – know – seem – like –
dislike – realize – recognize
Taste vs smell vs look:
The cake is tasting -> wrong ..
He tastes the cake -> right ..
The cake tastes delicious -> right ..

The perfume is smelling -> wrong ..

He smells perfume -> right ..
The perfume smells cool -> right ..

Ali looks nice ..

Ali is looking after his mom ..

Past:
(Simple – continuous – perfect)

Past simple(finished, unable to repeat the action at that time):

)‫(حدث انتهى وال يمكن تكراره فى نفس الوقت‬
 Time indication in past (2021, in 1990, two years ago, just now)
.. ‫إشاراة للوقت فى الماضي‬
Dead subject:
Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. (He can’t write it anymore.)
Hamlet is a lovely story. (general opinion.)

Keywords -> no keywords

When + any verb in past -> past

When I was young, I played tennis every week.
When I was at university, I usually attended musical
concerts.

Present perfect:
I have said, I have bought ….. .
I have lived in Cairo since 2018 ------ (No time indication) ..
I lived in Cairo in 2018 ----- (Time Indication) ..
I have studied for the last 2 hours ------ (No time indication) ..
I studied 2 hours ago ----- (Time Indication)
So far – over the years -> till now ..
Have you ever travelled abroad? ------ (No Time indication)
Did you ever travel abroad last year? ----- (Time indication)

Since:
: "‫بمعنى "ألن‬
I may be absent tomorrow since I am tired (since = because).
I will help you since you are my student (since = because).
:"‫بمعنى "منذ‬
I haven’t met Ali since last week.
I haven’t played tennis, since I was young.

Since vs for:
Since 1990 ----- For 23 years ..
Since April ----- For 8 months ..
Since 7’oclock ----- For 3 hours ..
Since last week ----- For the last week ..
Since the last time ----- For the last time -> wrong

Just now vs just:

I’ve just met Ali ..
I met Ali just now ..
Already:
‫؟؟‬,.. ‫عملته وال لسة‬
Have you already done your HW? (I don’t know)
Have you done your HW yet? (I don’t know)

‫؟؟‬,.. ‫عملته بالسرعة دي‬

Have you done your HW already? You are so quick! (I know,
Exclaim -> .. ‫)تعجب‬

Present perfect usages:

Past action with no time indication -> I’ve done my HW ..
.. ‫حدث فى الماضى بال إشارة للوقت‬

The second of two past actions which still has effects on

the present -> I haven’t met Ali since I was young.
.. ‫الحدث الثانى لحدثين ماضيين وال يزال قائم‬

Future -> when I’ve eaten, I will go out.

.. ‫ ساخرج‬,‫عندما اكون قد انتهيت من الطعام‬

Notice:
 I have lived in Cairo for 2 years ..
I lived in Cairo for 2 years when I was young ..

Past perfect:
The first of 2 past actions:
.. ‫ انتهى وليس له تأثير حالى‬,‫الحدث االول لحدثين ماضيين‬

Before I met Ali, I had eaten ..

After I had eaten, I slept ..
On eating, I slept.
Having eaten, I slept.
No sooner had I eaten, than I slept. (inversion)
Hardly had I eaten, when I slept (inversion)
It was only when/after I had eaten that I slept.
It wasn’t until I had eaten, that I slept.

When I went home, dad had slept.

(I couldn’t say hi)
)‫(ملحقتش اسلم عليه‬
When I went home, dad slept.
(I could say hi)
)‫(سلمت عليه‬
 Since I went home, dad has slept.
)‫(كان نايم من ساعة ما روحت‬

As soon as I went home, dad left.

As soon as I had arrived, dad left.
When she heard the news, she broke down at
once. (at once -> no time gap)

After I meet/have met Ali, I’ll tell him.

After I had met Ali, I told him.

Shakespear had already written many plays.

(Dead subj + already -> past perfect)

I met Ali yesterday; I hadn’t met him since 2020.

Egypt qualified to the Mondial in 2018, it hadn’t
qualified since 1990.

Past continuous:
Certain time in the past:
Yesterday at 6 I was meeting him.
 Interrupted actions:
I was having a shower; somebody called me.
Two parallel actions:
I was watching the match; mom was cooking.

Never use past continuous with:

Stative verbs or when the number of the action is
mentioned.
.. ‫ او مع االفعال الساكنة‬/‫ال يستخدم عند ذكر عدد مرات الحدث‬
Ex. I was recognizing you -> fault ..
Ex. I was typing 3 letters -> fault ..
Complaint: .. ‫الشكوى‬
He is always shouting at me.

Notice the difference:

Yesterday at 6, I was watching the match.
By yesterday at 6, I had watched the match.
Yesterday at night, I was doing my HW.
By yesterday at night, I had done my HW.

Remember:
Who did you talk to when you called the bank?
 -> correct ..
Who were you talking to when you called the bank?
-> wrong ..

Present perfect continuous:

I have lived in Cairo since 1990
-> correct *
I have been living in Cairo since 1990
-> correct **
I have played football since I was young
-> correct *
I have been playing football since I was young
-> correct **
I am tired; I have worked
-> correct *
I am tired; I have been working
-> correct **
(present result‫)نتيجة فى الحاضر لحدث فى الماضى‬
I can’t work; I have broken my leg
-> correct ..
 I can't work; I have been breaking my leg
-> wrong (break is a short action) ..

Past perfect continuous:

First of two actions which takes a long time:
.. ‫الحدث االول لحدثين ماضيين اخذ وقت و انتهى وليس له تأثير حالى‬
After I had been living in Cairo for 10 years, I went to
London ..

Past action that has a past result:

.. ‫حدث ماضى له نتيجة فى الماضي‬
I was tired; I had been working all day long ..

Notice the difference:

My leg hurt me; I had been walking.
My leg hurts me; I have been walking.

(I have been walking ) ‫) مع‬I have walked( ‫لو موجود فى االختيارات‬

.. ‫) غير صحيح‬Present perfect ( ‫هيكون اختيار ال‬
Notice:
I was doing my HW; electricity cut out.
-> (I couldn’t finish my HW.) .. ‫إنقطع اثناء‬
I had been doing my HW; electricity cut out
-> (I could finish my HW.) .. ‫إنقطع بعد‬

Notice the difference between:

On going home -> directly after .. .. ‫بعد مباشرة‬
While going home -> during .. .. ‫اثناء‬
After going home -> after a while .. .. ‫بعد بفترة‬

Notice the difference:

While + gerund:
While watching the match/doing my HW I slept ..
 .. ‫بينما كنت اشاهد‬

While + preposition + place:

While in London/ at the cinema I visited Big Ben

During + noun (no gerund):

During the class/ the match ..
.. ‫اثناء المباراة‬
During playing, I scored a goal -> wrong ..
During playing time, I scored a goal -> right ..
.. ‫اثناء وقت اللعب‬

Notice:
When coming to visit me, my father brings sweets.
(habit)
When playing, he scores goals. (habit)
While playing, he scored goals.
While running, I fell.
Future time:
Present simple: (Time table, schedule)
.. ‫جدول‬
Next week the train to Cairo leaves at 7’oclock ..
The class starts at 7’oclock ..
*Subject mustn’t be a human*
The class starts soon -> wrong ..

Present continuous: (Arrangement/ Appointment/ Fixed/ Organized)

.. ‫ حدث منظم و تم الترتيب له‬,‫ ترتيبات‬,‫موعد‬
I am leaving to London. (I got the tickets)
My uncle is visiting us at 7. (Of course, he told us)
I am seeing a doctor tomorrow at 7.
I am leaving at 7’oclock.
*Only for humans*

Notice the difference:

The train leaves the station at 6 ----- I am leaving the
station at 6 ..
The film starts at 8 ----- I am seeing the film at 8 ..
The exam starts at 6 ----- I am having an exam at 6 ..
Going to: (Intention/ plan/ prediction with reason)
.. ‫تنبؤ مع سبب‬/‫خطة‬/‫نية‬

I am going to see a doctor. (I intend to do so .. ‫)نية‬

I am seeing a doctor. (I got an appointment .. ‫) موعد‬
I am going to see Disneyland one day. (Intention.. ‫)نية‬
I am visiting Disneyland next May.(Arrangement‫)ترتيب‬
I am going to get a course sooner. (Intention .. ‫)نية‬
I am starting a course next April. (Arrangement ‫)ترتيب‬
The sky is dark, it’s going to rain. (Prediction with
reason -> objectivity .. ‫)موضوعية‬
The traffic is congested; he is going to be late.
(Objectivity .. ‫)موضوعية‬
The weather forecast said that it’s going to be hot
tomorrow. (Objectivity .. ‫)موضوعية‬
Take care! The car is going to hit you.
Your temperature is high; you’re going to fall sick.
The boy is going to be punished; he doesn’t get good
marks.
He is going to get a bad score; he doesn't study hard.
He is going to be a doctor; this is his plan.
(someone’s intention or plan .. ‫)نية شخص اخر‬.
 He studies medicine; he is going to be a doctor.
(prediction with reason ‫موضوعية‬/‫)تنبؤ مع سبب‬.

Will:
Condition if:
If you study hard, you will pass.
Time conjunctions: (after – as soon as – once – when – while)
.. ‫الروابط الزمنية‬
After I do my HW, I will go out.
After I will -> wrong.
Once I meet Ali, I will know the truth.
While I am in Cairo, I will visit Al-Azhar park.
When I see Hassan, I will know the truth.

Future facts: .. ‫حقائق مستقبلية‬

The sun rises in the east.

(Present simple, permanent)
 .. ‫حقيقة عامة دائمة‬

Water evaporates when boiled.

(Present simple, permanent)
.. ‫حقيقة عامة دائمة‬

Earth is almost round.

(Present simple, permanent)
.. ‫حقيقة عامة دائمة‬

The sunrise will be at 7 tomorrow.

(Only tomorrow)
.. ‫حقيقة مستقبلية ليست دائمة‬
Calendar: .. ‫النتيجة‬

Tomorrow will be Sunday.

Tomorrow is Sunday -> wrong.
Next month will be Ramadan.

Birthdates: .. ‫اعياد الميالد‬

Hassan will be 17 tomorrow.

Quick decisions: .. ‫القرارات السريعة‬

I will switch on the AC.

I will get you some coffee.
My car ran out of gas; I will go to the next
station.

Threats & promises: ‫التهديدات و الوعود‬

I will kick you out ..
I will do it for you don’t worry ..

Prediction: (With no reasons -> subjectivity)

.. ‫التنبؤات بدون اسباب‬
Zamalek will conquer Africa one day.
Hassan is a good student, he will pass the exam.
Hassan studies hard, he will be a doctor.

Notice the difference between:

I think/ I am sure + reason -> going to:
Al-Ahly passes the ball perfectly, I think
they’re going to win ..
 I think/ I am sure + no reason -> will be:
Zamalek is my favourite team; I think they
will win the match ..

Special cases:
Hassan loves pets; he will be a vet.
*Never talk about others’ jobs using “going to” ..

I am going to be a vet -> correct ..

Hassan said that he is going to be a vet -> correct
Hassan is going to be a vet -> wrong ..
Hassan loves pets; he is going to be a vet
-> wrong ..
Hassan studies medicine: he is going to be a
doctor -> correct.
Hassan is going to be a doctor, this is his plan
-> correct.

Future perfect: (Action will have been done in the future ..)
Form:
Will + have + p.p ..
 Usages:
By + future date: .. ‫بنهاية‬
By next week, I’ll have written the essay.
By next April, we’ll have opened a new school.

In + time:
In two years time, I will have got my degree.

Remember:
By 2030, people will have spoken English -> wrong ..
By 2026, they will have played football -> wrong ..

Future continuous: (Action will start in the future and will be continuing for some time )
Form:
Will + be + v-ing ..
Usages:
Certain time in the future:
Tomorrow after lunch, I will be waiting for you.
Tomorrow from 2 to 4, I will be travelling.
At this time next year, I will be taking a course.
 Check the meaning:
I will never be able to meet you tomorrow; I will be
working.
I can’t go to the gym next Monday; I will be studying.
*Never use it with stative verbs or when the number of
the action is mentioned*

Modals:
Obligation: .. ‫اإللزام‬
(Must, have to, need to, mustn’t, don’t have/need to,
needn’t, didn’t have/need to, needn’t have, had to)

Must:
Strong Advice: .. ‫نصيحة قوية‬
You must sleep early ..
You must see the doctor ..
Strong Invitation: .. ‫دعوة قوية‬
You must come to my birthday party ..
You must have dinner with us tomorrow ..
Opinion: .. ‫إبداء رأى‬
You must see this movie ..
You must visit the pyramids one day ..
 General Law: .. ‫قانون عام‬
Teachers must follow the ministry ..
Engineers must spend 5 years studying ..

Have to:
External Force: .. ‫إلزام مباشر من شخص آخر‬
You have to go to school everyday ..
You have to wear the uniform ..
You have to do your HW ..

Need to vs have to:

You are diabetic, you need to take the medicine ..
(You just need it)
You are a driver; you have to get a license ..
(You are obligated to do it, even if you don’t need it ..)

The opposite of must or have to:

Don’t have to: You don’t have to see the doctor, you’re fine ..
Don’t need to: You don’t need to study, it’s your holiday ..
Needn’t: You needn’t buy me much food, I’m full ..
Past obligation: (Had to) .. ‫إلزام فى الماضى‬
I had to sleep early (I did it) ..
I had to go to school (I did it) ..
I had to call Ali (I did it) ..

Past obligation negative: (Didn’t need/have to, needn’t have)

.. ‫إلزام فى الماضى منفى‬
I didn’t need to take a taxi (It wasn’t necessary, so I didn’t do it)
I didn’t have to call him (It wasn’t necessary, so I didn’t do it)
I needn’t have said sorry (It wasn’t necessary, but I did it)

Prohibition: (Mustn’t -> It’s wrong) .. ‫المنع‬

You mustn’t tell lies ..
You mustn’t smoke here ..
You mustn’t talk during prayers ..
You mustn’t drink this milk; it’s sour ..

Past Prohibition: (Shouldn’t have) .. ‫لم يكن من المفترض أن‬

I shouldn’t have eaten street Kebda; I have stomachache (blame)

Don’t have to Mustn’t

 You don’t have to stay all night You mustn’t stay up late ..
working; tomorrow is a holiday ..
You mustn’t read the pirated
You don’t have to buy the paid
books ..
books; there are free copies ..
Stay silent so you don’t have to
You mustn’t tell lies ever ..
say the truth ..

You mustn’t park here it’s

You don’t have to leave your car
prohibited ..
outside; you can park here ..

Notice:
He didn’t have to take a taxi
(It wasn’t necessary to take a taxi and he didn’t take it)
He didn’t need to take a taxi
(It wasn’t necessary to take a taxi and he didn’t take it)
He needn’t have taken a taxi
(However unnecessary it was, he took a taxi; no harm)
He shouldn’t have taken a taxi
(He took a taxi; He is blamed for doing so ..)

` Notice:
 Ali has to attend his class tomorrow ..
Ali needs to attend his class tomorrow ..
Ali is to attend his class tomorrow ..
Ali will have to attend his class tomorrow ..
All the previous forms mean that Ali is obligated to
attend his class tomorrow ..
.. ً‫هذا يعنى أن على ملزم بحضور الحصة غدا‬

Notice:
You could have called me
(You had the possibility to do it; you preferred not to do so)
You should have called me
(You’re blaming him for not calling you)

Notice:
You have got to call me ..
You have to call me ..
Both sentences are used for obligating ..

Modals:
Deduction: (Must, can’t, may, might) .. ‫اإلستنتاج‬
It must be Ali -> deduction (no one knows) ..
 It is Ali -> certainty ..

Deduction with reason: (Must, Can’t) .. ‫إستنتاج بسبب‬

Present: (Must, Can’t + inf)
He must be a clever student; he answers all questions
He can’t be a clever student; he doesn’t answer all
questions ..

Past: (Must, Can’t + have + p,p)

The players are not happy; they can’t have won the
match.
Ali is not happy; he can’t have got the full mark.
Ali is happy; he must have got the full mark.
Ali is not at home; he must have left to London.

Deduction with no reason: (May, Might)

.. ‫إستنتاج بدون سبب‬

Present: (May, Might + inf)

I don’t know; I think he may/might be a clever student
 Past: (May, Might + have + p,p)
No one knows where Ali was; he may/might have been
in the club ..

Gerund & Inf:

Gerund

Would you mind I feel like

It’s worth I can’t help
It’s no use It’s no good
Be busy I can’t stop/resist
How/what about I can’t deny/stand/bear
Keep on Recommend
Practice Suggest

Inf

Dare to Deserve to
Agree to Mean to
Demand to Manage to
 Threaten to Long to
Afford to Refuse to

To + v-ing

Be used to In addition to
Contribute to Look forward to
Confess to Object to

Verbs take both

Begin .. Continue
Can’t bear Hate
Like Love
Prefer start

Prefer to .. Prefer + gerund ..

I prefer to go out tonight .. I prefer going out ..
I prefer to stay home this I prefer staying home ..
weekend .. Generally ..
At certain times ..

Would + love/like/prefer -> only followed by “to” ..

 Regret + gerund ..
Regret to ..
.. ‫نادم‬
.. ‫اعتذر‬
I regret buying this car ..
I regret to tell you Hassan is
sick .. I regret living here ..

I regret to tell you I won’t I wish I hadn’t

come..
I wasn’t supposed
I’m sorry ..
I should not/ought not
to
 Stop to .. Stop + gerund ..
.. ‫توقفت لفعل‬ .. ‫توقفت عن فعل‬
I stopped to talk to Ali .. I stooped talking to Ali ..
I stopped to smoke a cigarette I stopped smoking a cigarette

I started doing so .. I’m not doing it

anymore ..
Forget to .. Forget + gerund ..
.. ‫أنسى ان افعل‬ .. ‫أنسى أنى فعلت‬
Don’t forget to call Ali .. Don’t forget calling Ali ..
Don’t forget to switch off the Don’t forget switching off the
light .. light ..
The action hasn’t been The action has been
done .. done ..

Forgot to ..
Forgot + gerund ..
.. ‫نسيت أن افعل‬
.. ‫نسيت أنى فعلت‬
I forgot to do my HW means I
didn’t do my HW because I I forgot calling Ali means I
forgot .. called him ..

I forgot to call Ali means I I forgot doing my HW means I

didn’t call my Ali because I did it ..
forgot ..

I didn’t do the action .. I did the action ..

 Remember to .. Remember + gerund ..
.. ‫تذكر ان تفعل‬ .. ‫تذكر أنك فعلت‬
Remember to do your HW .. I remember doing my HW ..
Remember to call me I remember calling you
tomorrow .. yesterday ..

I didn’t do the action .. I did the action ..

Remembered to .. Remembered + gerund

.. ‫تذكرت اوال ً ثم فعلت‬ .. ‫تذكرت أنى قد فعلت‬
I remembered to send the fax I remembered calling Ali ..
(I remembered first, then I send it) .. (I called Ali first, then I remembered) ..

I remembered to call Ali .. I remembered sending the fax

(I remembered first, then I called him) .. (I sent it first, then I remembered) ..

In both cases, I did the action ..

.. ‫فى كال الحالتين الفعل قد وقع‬
 Passive Voice: .. ‫المبنى للمجهول‬

Ali paints the wall yearly ..

The wall is painted yearly ..
He bought a car last year ..
A car was bought last year ..
I clean my room daily ..
My room is cleaned daily ..
They are doing their HW ..
Their HW is being done ..

Let + inf .. Allow + to + inf ..

I let my students I allow my
do their work .. students to do
I let my students their workmy
I allow ..
students to speak
speak in class ..
in class ..

The students are The students are

let to allowed to
speak in class ..
speak in class ..
 Causatives:
I cut my hair .. (No causative)
I cook my lunch .. (No causative)
I have Ali cook my lunch .. (Causative)
I have someone cut my hair ..

Causative active:

Have .. Get .. + To
Make .. + inf .. Allow ..
+
Let .. Force ..
Cause .. inf
I usually let my The police forced ..
the
brother take my shirt .. criminal to confess his
crime ..

Causative passive: (Have/Get + p.p)

I had my room cleaned 2 hours ago ..
I will have my room cleaned tomorrow ..
I am having my room cleaned now ..
 The most important
vocabulary ..
(Units: 1~6)
Tabloid ‫صحيفة‬ Persuasive ‫مقنع‬
Interviewer ‫المحاور‬ Survey ‫استطالع‬
Apprenticeship ‫تدريب مهنى‬ Keep up-to-date ً‫يبقى محدثا‬
Grumpy ‫عبوس‬ Upgrade ‫يطور‬
A celebrity ‫مشهور‬ Accurate ‫دقيق‬
Compensate ‫يعوض‬ Accuracy ‫الدقة‬
Investigate ‫يحقق‬ Accurately ‫بدقة‬
Casualties ‫خسائر‬ Objective ‫موضوعى‬
Financially ً‫ماليا‬ The public -> are ‫العامة‬
Digital copies ‫نسخ رقمية‬ Confident ‫واثق‬
Piracy ‫القرصنة‬ Confidence ‫الثقة‬
Ruins ‫يفسد‬ Confidently ‫بشكل واثق‬
Long awaited ending ‫نهاية منتظرة‬ On clay courts ‫مالعب‬ ‫على‬
‫طينية‬
Bated breath ‫ بفارغ الصبر‬Spend money on ‫النقود‬ ‫يصرف‬
‫على‬
Route ‫مسلك‬/‫ طريق‬Role model ‫مثل اعلى‬
Authorities ‫ سلطات‬By spin ‫طريق‬ ‫عن‬
‫التحوير‬
Afford to ‫قادر على‬ Rely on ‫يعتمد على‬
Do a job/ task/ ‫يقوم‬ Make every effort ‫قصارى‬ ‫يبضل‬
activity/sport/project /‫مهمة‬/‫بوظيفة‬ ‫جهده‬
‫مشروع‬/‫رياضة‬
A twenty-year-old boy ‫ولد فى سن‬ Put a spin on a story ‫يحور القصة‬
‫العشرين‬
A three-year ‫تدريب لمدة‬ Burning rice straw ‫يحرق قش االرز‬
apprenticeship ‫ثالث سنوات‬
Investigate ‫يحقق‬ Generate electricity ‫يولد كهرباء‬
Check ‫يفحص‬ Make electricity ‫يصنع كهرباء‬
Due to/ owing to/ ‫ بسبب‬Produce electricity ‫ينتج كهرباء‬
because of
To the prison ‫يزور‬ Defy ‫يعصى‬
‫السجن‬
To prison ‫يتم سجنه‬ Stereotype ‫الفكر النمطى‬
Every day ‫كل يوم‬ Stereotypical ‫النمطية‬
everyday ً‫يوميا‬ Stereotype (V) by ‫يميز ب‬
A means of ‫وسيلة‬ Prejudice ‫التحامل‬
transportation ‫مواصالت‬
On the plane ‫على‬ Prejudice(V) ‫يتحامل ضد‬
‫الطائرة‬ against
On the train ‫فى القطار‬ Subjunctives ‫يطالب‬/‫يصر‬/‫يرشح‬/‫يقترج‬
(Suggest/
Recommend/Insist/
Demand) ..

In car ‫فى السيارة‬ Reward ‫جائزة‬

In taxi ‫فى‬ Award ‫جائزة‬
‫التاكسى‬
By the = beside ‫بجانب‬ Physicist ‫فزيائى‬
Argue for ‫بجادل ل‬ Physician ‫معالج‬
Argue with ‫يجادل مع‬ Be successful ‫كن ناجح‬
Argue against/about ‫بجادل‬ Be a success ً‫كن نجاحا‬
‫عن‬/‫ضد‬
Mislead ‫يضلل‬ Two successes ‫نجاحين‬
Bias ‫انحياز‬ An expert in ‫خبير فى‬
Degree ‫درجة‬ Expert at ‫خبير فى‬
The latter ‫االخير‬ Grade(n) ‫درجة‬
later ً‫الحقا‬ Grade(v) ‫يصحح‬
Marched on the ‫ساروا فى‬ Majority ‫اغلبية‬
streets ‫الشوارع‬
Contribution to + ing ‫اسهام فى‬ Minority ‫اقلية‬
Bar graph ‫الرسم‬ Statistics ‫احصائيات‬
‫البيانى‬
Expository essay ‫مقال‬ Aim to ‫يهدف إلى‬
‫تفسيرى‬
Aim at ‫يهدف إلى‬ At the end of ‫فى نهاية‬
In the end ‫فى نهاية‬ Increasingly ‫اهمية متزايدة‬
Important
Conform to ‫ يتوافق مع‬Cruel ‫قاسى‬
Cross ‫ يعبر‬Went on sale ‫اخرج للبيع‬
Sewn ‫ محاك‬As far back as ‫بقدر ما يعود‬
‫إلى‬
Tutor ‫مدرس‬ Tuition ‫التدريس‬
Rather than ‫فضال ً عن‬ Other than ‫عدا‬
Arise ً‫ينشا‬ Rise ‫يعلو‬
Raise ‫يعلو‬ Rouse ‫يثير‬
Little ‫صغير‬ Competition ‫منافسة‬
Competitive ‫تنافسى‬ Compete ‫ينافس‬
Immerse ‫يغمر‬ Immersing ‫غامر‬
Implementation ‫تطبيق‬ Implement ‫ينفذ‬/‫يطبق‬
Illustrated book ‫كتاب مصور‬ Paper thin speakers ‫مكبرات صوت‬
‫فى رفع الورق‬
Mass produced ‫انتجت بكميات كبيرة‬ Mass production ‫اإلنتاج بكثافة‬

On average ‫فى معدل‬ Conquer ‫يغزو‬

Diabetes ‫السكر‬ Empathy ‫تعاطف‬
Cyber security ‫أمن الشبكات‬ So that ‫لهذا السبب‬
Perform/do/ carryout ‫يقوم بعملية‬ Back then ‫فى ذاك الوقت‬
an operation
Explore/Find out/Invent/ ‫يخترع‬/‫يجد‬/‫ يكتشف‬Sensitive ‫حساس‬
Discover
Steal ‫ يسرق الشيء‬Rope ‫من‬ ‫يسرق‬
‫الشيء‬
Look after ‫ يعتنى ب‬Have you ‫هل وضعت فى‬
considered + ing ... ‫اعتبارك‬
Exhausted ً
‫مرهق‬ Exhaustion ‫االرهاق‬
Exhausting ‫هق‬ٍ ‫ مر‬Promote ‫يرقى‬
Doing hobbies ‫ يقوم بهوايات‬Self-care ‫االعتناء بالنفس‬
Dressed ‫ مرتدى‬Experience burnout ‫يتعرض لإلرهاق‬
‫الذهنى‬
On a regular basis ‫ بشكل منتظم‬Do sport/ hobby/ /‫يقوم برياضة‬
HW/ exams/ ‫ واجب‬/‫هواية‬
activity/ survey /‫منزلى‬
/‫امتحان‬
/‫نشاط‬
‫استطالع رأى‬
Frown ‫ عبوس‬Pout ‫يعبس‬
Scold ‫ يوبخ‬Volunteering ‫يتطوع‬
Perfectionist ‫ متكامل‬Half empty ‫نصفه فارغ‬
Participants ‫مشاركين‬ Perception ‫تصور‬
Gratitude ‫امتنان‬ Contagious ‫معد‬
Look exhausted ً‫رهقا‬
ً ‫م‬ٌ ‫يبدو‬ Of my own ‫خاص بى‬
On his own ‫بمفرده‬ By himself ‫بنفسه‬
Of his own ‫خاص به‬ Labor market ‫سوق العمل‬
Ancestors ‫االجداد‬ Descendants ‫االحفاد‬
Check out ‫يدفع‬ Instant messaging ‫مراسالت‬
‫فورية‬
Look into possibilities ‫ يتفحص االحتماالت‬From now on ‫اآلن‬ ‫من‬
ً‫فصاعدا‬
Make ‫ملخصات‬/‫ يقوم بتنبؤات‬Interpersonal ‫مهارات‬
predictions/summary/ ‫مالحظات‬/‫اخطاء‬/‫ قائمة‬skills ‫شخصية‬
list/mistakes/notes
Substituted ‫ استبدال‬Internet ‫اتصال‬
connection ‫االنترنت‬
User friendly ‫ سهل االستخدام‬Much too loud ‫صوت مرتفع‬
ً‫جدا‬
Have a problem with ‫ لديه مشكلة مع‬In my way ‫فى‬ ‫شىء‬
‫الطريق‬
On my way ‫ فى طريقى‬Efficiently ‫بكفاءة‬
Efficient ‫ كفء‬Thanks in advance ً‫شكراً مقدما‬
Efficiency ‫ كفاءة‬Do a session ‫يقوم بجلسة‬
In the center of ‫ فى وسط شيء‬On the left ‫على اليسار‬
On the right ‫ على اليمين‬Humans ‫البشر‬
Experiment with ‫ تجربة مع‬Personnel ‫شؤون‬
‫الموظفين‬
humane ‫ إنسانى‬Interpersonal ‫شخصى‬
Talk me through ‫ اوصلنى ب‬No longer ‫ليس بعد اآلن‬
Personal ‫ شخصى‬Effect ‫تأثير‬
Anymore ً‫ مجددا‬Maybe ‫ربما‬
Affect ‫ يؤثر‬And neither ً‫و ليس ايضا‬
May be ‫ ربما‬Either ً‫ايضا‬
And so ً‫ ايضا‬Apply for ‫يتقدم ل‬
Too ً‫ ايضا‬Enroll on ‫يسجل‬
Apply to ‫يتقدم ل‬ Found -> ‫يؤسس‬
founded ->
founding
Enroll in ‫يشترك فى‬/‫ يسجل‬Find -> found -> ‫يجد‬
finding
Establish ‫يؤسس‬
Thank You ..