» 𝓕𝓡𝓐𝓒𝓣𝓤𝓡𝓔 «

Defination

Symptoms

Types

causes

Diagnosis

Treatment

Nursing process

Prevention

»DEFINATION OF FRACTURE»

A fracture is a broken bone. It can range from a thin crack to a complete break. Bone can
fracture crosswise, lengthwise, in several places, or into many pieces. Most fractures happen
.when a bone is impacted by more force or pressure than it can support

.If you suspect you have a fracture, seek medical help immediately

?What are the symptoms of a fracture

Most fractures are accompanied by intense pain when the initial injury occurs. It may
become worse when you move or touch the injured area. In some cases, you may even pass
.out from the pain. You may also feel dizzy or chilled from shock

:Other potential symptoms of a fracture include

A snap or grinding sound when the injury occurs

Swelling, redness, and bruising in the injured area

Difficulty supporting weight with the injured area

Visible deformity in the injured area

.In some cases, you may see broken bone poking through your skin

?What are the different types of fracture

.Fractures can be classified as closed or open, as well as incomplete or complete

CLOSED&OPENED
 A closed fracture is also called a simple fracture. In a closed fracture, the broken bone
.doesn’t break your skin

An open fracture Is also called a compound fracture. In an open fracture, the ends of the
broken bone tear your skin. When your bone and other internal tissues are exposed, it puts
.you at higher risk of infection

COMPELETE&INCOMPLETE

In an incomplete fracture, your bone doesn’t break completely. In other words, it cracks
:without breaking all the way through. Types of incomplete fracture include

Hairline fracture, in which your bone is broken In a thin crack

Greenstick fracture, in whichh your bone is broken on one side, while the other side is bent

Buckle or torus fracture, in which your bone is broken on one side and a bump or raised
buckle develops on the other side

In a complete fracture, your bone breaks completely. It’s snapped or crushed into two or
:more pieces. Types of complete fracture include

Single fracture, in which your bone is broken in one place into two pieces

Comminuted fracture, in which your bone is broken or crushed into three or more pieces

Compression fracture, in which your bone collapses under pressure

Nondisplaced fracture, in which your bone breaks into pieces that stay in their normal
alignment

Displaced fracture, in which your bone breaks into pieces that move out of their normal
alignment

Segmental fracture, in which your bone is broken in two places in a way that leaves at least
one segment floating and unattached

Incomplete fractures are more common in children. Their bones are softer than those of
adults. As a result, they’re more likely to bend than break. Complete fractures can happen at
.any age

?What causes a fracture

You can develop a fracture when your bone is impacted with greater pressure or force than it
can support. This force usually occurs suddenly or is very intense. The strength of the force
.determines the severity of the fracture
 :Some common causes of fractures include

FALLS

2DIRECT STRIKES TO YOUR BODY

Traumatic events, such as car accidents or gunshot wounds3

4Injuries from sports

?How is a fracture diagnosed

If you suspect you have a fracture, get medical attention immediately. Your doctor will likely
ask you about your symptoms and perform a visual examination of the injured area. They
.may ask you to move the area in certain ways to check for pain or other signs of Injury

If they think you may have a fracture, your doctor will likely order X-rays. According to the
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, X-rays are the most common method of
fracture diagnosis. They can create images of your bone and reveal breaks or other signs of
.damage. X-rays also help determine fracture type and location

In some instances, your doctor may also order magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or
.computed tomography scans (CT or CAT scan) to examine your bones or surrounding tissues

?How is a fracture treated

.If you’re diagnosed with a fracture, the treatment plan will depend on Its type and location

In general, your doctor will try to put the broken bone pieces back into their proper positions
and stabilize them as they heal. It’s important to keep pieces of broken bone immobile until
they’re mended. During the healing process, new bone will form around the edges of the
broken pieces. If they’re properly aligned and stabilized, the new bone will eventually
.connect the pieces

Your doctor may use a cast to stabilize your broken bone. Your cast will likely be made from
plaster or fiberglass. It will help keep the injured area stabilized and prevent broken bone
.pieces from moving while they heal

In rare cases, you may need traction to stabilize the injured area. Traction stretches the
muscles and tendons around your bone. Your doctor will administer it using a system of
 pulleys and weights positioned in a metal frame over your bed. This system will produce a
.gentle pulling motion that your doctor can use to stabilize the injured area

For more complex or compound fractures, you may need surgery. Your doctor may use open
.reduction, and internal fixation or external fixation to keep your bones from moving

In open reduction and Internal fixation, your doctor will first reposition or “reduce” the
pieces of broken bone into their normal alignment. Then they will connect or “fix” the
broken bone. This occurs by using screws, metal plates, or both. In some cases, your doctor
.may insert rods through the center of your bone

In external fixation, your doctor will put pins or screws into your bone above and below the
fracture site. They will connect these pins or screws to a metal stabilizing bar positioned on
.the outside of your skin. The bar will hold your bone in place as It heals

Your doctor may also prescribe medication to control pain, fight infection, or manage other
symptoms or complications. After the initial treatment stages, they may recommend physical
.therapy or other strategies to help you regain normal use

»Nursing management»

Nurses may care for patients with fractures in many settings such as emergency
departments, urgent care centers, or inpatient units following surgical repairs. Fractures can
be minor such as a broken toe only requiring splinting or major such as a hip, neck, or femur
fracture requiring surgery, inpatient care, and months of recovery. Nurses assist with pain
control, overcoming activity limitations, preventing further complications, and discharge
planning

.
?How can fractures be prevented

You can’t prevent all fractures. But you can work to keep your bones strong so they’ll be less
susceptible to damage. To maintain your bone strength, consume a nutritious diet, including
foods that are rich in calcium and vitamin D. It’s also important to exercise regularly. Weight-
bearing exercises are particularly helpful for building and maintaining bone strength.
.Examples include walking, hiking, running, dancing, and weight training

»REFERENCE»

/https://medlineplus.gov
 /https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1921556/#:~:text=The%20type%20and%20
severity%20of,the%20oxygen%20supply%20is%20outgrown