Criminal Detection based suspect prediction

Generic statement

Crime, in all its facets, is a well-known social problem affecting the quality of life and the economic
development of a society.

•In this introduction, we set the stage for our software project focused on criminal investigation
tracking, with a special emphasis on harnessing predictive analytics to enhance suspect identification.

•Whenever a case against the crime is filed the investigation always starts from the scratch right away
from the evidence found at the crime location and the eye witnesses present at the crime location.

•On the basis of the statement given by the eye witnesses about the crime and the criminal who
committed that crime, the process of the investigations starts.

•In order to reduce the stress of the police officers we implemented a system as criminal investigation
tracker with suspect prediction that will help the officers to speed up the process of investigation and
track status of ongoing case by predicting out the primary suspects on the basis of the records which
consists of compendium of the people associated to the case, former criminal background proofs
recovered from crime location, etc.

•This digitized system makes the work easy for an officer to check the status of the case online and even
allows him to add up the new important information related to the case as it’s when needed. •The
proposed system consists of suspect prediction algorithm to predict and suggest the suspects in the
logical order.

•The evidence lies in using aggregated and anonymized human behavioral data derived from mobile
network activity to tackle the crime prediction problem.

•While previous research efforts have used either background historical knowledge or offenders'
profiling, our findings support the hypothesis that aggregated human behavioral data captured from the
mobile network infrastructure, in combination with basic demographic information, can be used to
predict crime.

•More than the use of the techniques themselves, the production of evidence and analysis-based
knowledge for urban safety is deemed crucial at a time when often public events need to be properly
managed and integrated with planning and territorial agendas, catering for quality of life
and sustainability.

•Studies have shown that crime tends to be associated with slower economic growth at both the
national level and the local level, such as cities and metropolitan areas. Crime-related information has
always attracted the attention of criminal law and sociology scholars.
•Dating back to the beginning of the 20th century, studies have focused on the behavioral evolution of
criminals and its relations with specific characteristics of the neighborhoods in which they grew up,
lived, and acted.

•The study of the impact on behavioral development of factors like exposure to specific peer networks,
neighborhood characteristics(e.g. presence/absence of recreational/educational facilities)and poverty
indexes, has provided a wealth of knowledge from both individual and collective standpoints.

•Existing works in the fields of criminology, sociology, psychology and economics tend to mainly explore
relationships between criminal activity and socio-economic variables such as education, ethnicity,
income level, and unemployment have given rise to the requirement of data availability for efficient
prediction of the criminal suspect in question.

Problem statement

Limitations may arise due to incomplete, inaccurate, or biased data, leading to potential inaccuracies in
suspect prediction.

Balancing the need for effective suspect prediction with privacy considerations can be challenging,
potentially raising ethical and legal concerns.

Susceptibility to bias in the algorithms may result in unfair profiling, impacting certain demographics
disproportionately.

Rapidly evolving criminal tactics may outpace the predictive models, reducing the system's effectiveness
in identifying emerging threats.

The success of the project relies heavily on the availability of adequate resources, both in terms of
technology and skilled personnel.

The system may generate false positives, leading to unnecessary investigations, or false negatives,
potentially missing actual criminal activities.

Predictive models are inherently limited by the available historical data and may not account for
unprecedented or novel criminal patterns.

Adhering to evolving legal and regulatory frameworks related to data usage and privacy may pose
compliance challenges.

Objectives

Enhance Public Safety:

Improve overall public safety by leveraging predictive analytics to identify potential criminal activities
before they occur.

Real-Time Threat Response:

Enable law enforcement to respond rapidly to emerging threats and suspicious activities through real-
time monitoring and analysis.

Pattern Recognition:

Utilize historical crime data to develop algorithms that recognize patterns and trends associated with
criminal behavior.

Behavioral Anomaly Detection:

Implement tools for behavioral analysis to detect anomalies in individuals' behavior that may indicate
potential criminal intent.

Establish a feedback loop for continuous improvement, incorporating lessons learned, community
feedback, and technological advancements.

Risk Assessment and Mitigation:

Conduct regular risk assessments and implement mitigation strategies to address potential risks
associated with the system's use.

Scope

The scope of criminal detection based on suspect prediction encompasses various areas of interest, as it
involves a multidisciplinary approach combining technology, law enforcement, ethics, and societal
considerations. Here are the key areas to consider within this scope:

Predictive Analytics:

Explore the development and implementation of advanced predictive analytics models to analyze
historical crime data and identify patterns that can help predict potential criminal activities.

Machine Learning and Algorithms:

Investigate the application of machine learning algorithms in developing robust models for suspect
prediction. Consider algorithms that can adapt and learn from new data over time.

Behavioral Analysis:

Research the field of behavioral analysis and its application in identifying anomalies or patterns in
individuals' behavior that may indicate potential criminal intent.

Surveillance Technologies:
Examine the use of surveillance technologies, including CCTV cameras, sensors, and other monitoring
tools, to collect data for analysis and suspect prediction in public spaces.

Data Integration and Fusion:

Explore methods of integrating data from various sources, such as criminal records, social media,
financial transactions, and more, to create comprehensive profiles for suspect prediction.

Biometric Identification:

Investigate the use of biometric data, such as facial recognition and fingerprinting, for identifying
individuals and cross-referencing them with criminal databases.

Privacy and Ethics:

Delve into the ethical considerations and privacy concerns associated with the use of suspect prediction
technologies. Explore ways to balance public safety with individual rights and privacy.

Legal Frameworks and Regulations:

Study the legal frameworks and regulations governing the use of predictive technologies in law
enforcement. Understand the implications of existing laws and identify areas that may need regulatory
attention.

Human Oversight and Intervention:

Examine the role of human oversight in interpreting the results, validating predictions, and making final
decisions. Explore the balance between automated processes and the need for human intervention.

Community Engagement:

Investigate strategies for engaging with the community to address concerns, gather feedback, and build
trust regarding the use of suspect prediction technologies.

Training and Education:

Explore the development of comprehensive training programs for law enforcement personnel on the
proper and ethical use of suspect prediction technologies.

FUNCTIONAL MODULES

Creating a module for criminal detection based on suspect prediction involves building a system that can
identify potential suspects or individuals with a higher likelihood of being involved in criminal activities.
Data Collection:

Gather relevant data from various sources, including criminal records, surveillance footage, social media,
and other publicly available information.

Feature Extraction:

Identify and extract relevant features from the collected data. This could include facial recognition data,
criminal history, behavioral patterns, and any other relevant information.

Alert System:

Implement an alert system that notifies law enforcement or security personnel when a potential suspect
is detected.

The alert system should provide relevant information about the suspect to aid in decision-making.

User Interface:

Create a user interface for authorized personnel to interact with the module.

Include features such as search functionality, suspect profiles, and a dashboard for monitoring and
managing alerts.

Feedback Mechanism:

Establish a feedback mechanism to receive input from law enforcement and security personnel
regarding the accuracy and effectiveness of the module.

Use feedback to make continuous improvements to the system.

Privacy and Ethical Considerations:

Ensure that the module complies with privacy regulations and ethical standards.

Implement mechanisms to protect the privacy of individuals and prevent misuse of the technology.
Suspect Profiling:

Develop a profile for each identified suspect, including relevant details such as criminal history, known
associates, and other behavioral patterns.

Machine Learning Model:

Train a machine learning model to predict the likelihood of an individual being a suspect based on the
extracted features.

Consider using algorithms such as decision trees, support vector machines, or deep learning models for
this purpose.

Integration with Surveillance Systems:

Integrate the module with existing surveillance systems to analyze real-time or recorded video footage.

Use the trained model to identify potential suspects based on facial recognition or other characteristics

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENET

The hardware and software requirements for a criminal detection system based on suspect prediction
depend on various factors, including the scale of the system, the complexity of the algorithms involved,
and the specific functionalities you plan to implement.

Hardware Requirements:

Server Infrastructure:

High-performance servers with multicore processors for handling data processing and machine learning
tasks.

Sufficient RAM to support the size of datasets and the complexity of machine learning models.

Storage:

Adequate storage capacity to store large datasets, surveillance footage, and model files.

Fast storage solutions, such as Solid State Drives (SSDs), for improved data retrieval speed.
Students may work with smaller datasets for academic projects. The size of the dataset could range
from a few hundred megabytes to a few gigabytes.

Industrial-level systems dealing with real-world scenarios may require much larger datasets, potentially
in the order of terabytes.

Network Infrastructure:

High-speed and reliable network connections to facilitate data transfer between modules.

Consider network redundancy for increased reliability.

Surveillance Cameras and Sensors:

High-quality surveillance cameras with appropriate resolution and frame rates.

Additional sensors, if needed, for capturing other relevant data (e.g., biometric sensors).

Software Requirements:

Functional

Operating System:

Choose a stable and secure operating system based on your team's expertise and preferences. Common
choices include Linux distributions (e.g., Ubuntu, CentOS) for servers.

Database Management System:

Select a robust database system for storing and managing structured and unstructured data. Options
include PostgreSQL, MySQL, or MongoDB.

Machine Learning Frameworks:

Depending on the machine learning algorithms, use popular frameworks such as TensorFlow, PyTorch,
or scikit-learn.

Implement pre-trained models for tasks like facial recognition if applicable.

 Programming Languages:

Python is commonly used for machine learning and data processing tasks.

Web Application Framework (if applicable):

If your system includes a user interface, select a web application framework such as Django or Flask
(Python), or any other framework based on your team's expertise

Security Tools:

Implement security measures, including firewalls, encryption protocols, and intrusion detection systems,
to safeguard sensitive data and the system as a whole.

Backup and Recovery Solutions:

Implement robust backup and recovery solutions to safeguard against data loss.

Non functional

1. Performance:
 Response Time: The system should provide real-time or near-real-
time predictions to ensure timely action.
 Throughput: The system should be capable of handling a specified
number of predictions per unit of time.
2. Scalability:
 The system should be able to scale horizontally or vertically to
accommodate an increasing volume of data and users.
3. Reliability:
 The system should have a high level of reliability, ensuring minimal
downtime or disruption in service.
 The accuracy of predictions should be consistently high to minimize
false positives and negatives.
4. Availability:
 The system should be available 24/7 to ensure continuous monitoring
and prediction.
5. Security:
 Data security measures should be in place to protect sensitive
information related to criminal activities and suspects.
  Access to the system should be restricted and authenticated to
prevent unauthorized use.
6. Privacy:
 The system should comply with privacy regulations and ensure that
the rights of individuals are respected.
 Anonymization techniques should be considered when handling
personal data.
7. Maintainability:
 The system should be easy to maintain and update to adapt to
evolving criminal patterns.
 Regular updates and patches should be deployable without disrupting
system functionality.
8. Interoperability:
 The system should be able to integrate with other law enforcement
databases and systems.
 It should adhere to relevant standards to facilitate seamless
communication with external systems.
9. Usability:
 The user interface should be intuitive and user-friendly, considering
the diverse backgrounds of law enforcement personnel.
 Training requirements for end-users should be minimal.
10. Auditability:
 The system should maintain logs of user activities, predictions, and
system events for auditing purposes.
 It should support traceability, enabling the tracking of changes and
actions performed within the system.
11. Compliance:
 The system should comply with legal and regulatory requirements
related to criminal data processing and suspect prediction.
 It should adhere to ethical guidelines governing the use of AI in law
enforcement.

Workload distribution

4033-karen ferrao

Ui/ux develop

4034-kumud yadav

Data collection

Data analysation

4035-Manisha Tak
Face recognition

4036-Laxmi Parmar

Backened (database)

Process development model used

Waterfall model

We are using waterfall model for our project:

• Requirement gathering and analysis: In this step of waterfall we identify what are various
requirements are need for our project such are software and hardware required, database, and
interfaces.

• System Design: In this system design phase we design the system which is easily understood for end
user i.e. user friendly. We design some UML diagrams and data flow diagram to understand the system
flow and system module and sequence of execution.

• Implementation: In implementation phase of our project we have implemented various module

required of successfully getting expected outcome at the different module levels. With inputs from
system design, the system is first developed in small programs called units, which are integrated in the
next phase. Each unit is developed and tested for its functionality which is referred to as Unit Testing

. • Testing: The different test cases are performed to test whether the project module are giving ex-
pected outcome in assumed time. All the units developed in the implementation phase are integrated
into a system after testing of each unit. Post integration the entire system is tested for any faults and
failures.

• Deployments of System: Once the functional and non-functional testing is done, the product is
deployed in the customer environment or released into the market.

• Maintenance: There are some issues which come up in the client environment. To fix those issues
patches are released. Maintenance is done to deliver these changes in the customer environment.