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Isdn Layer Protocal

ISDN maps to the three lower layers of the OSI model. At the physical layer, ISDN uses standards like I.430 and T1.601 to send and receive bits over interfaces. At the data link layer, the LAPD protocol frames signaling data on D channels, while PPP and HDLC can be used to frame data on B channels. At the network layer, the Q.931 protocol handles call setup and management on D channels, and common protocols like IP can be used for communication on B channels.

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51 views1 page

Isdn Layer Protocal

ISDN maps to the three lower layers of the OSI model. At the physical layer, ISDN uses standards like I.430 and T1.601 to send and receive bits over interfaces. At the data link layer, the LAPD protocol frames signaling data on D channels, while PPP and HDLC can be used to frame data on B channels. At the network layer, the Q.931 protocol handles call setup and management on D channels, and common protocols like IP can be used for communication on B channels.

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rsh23
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ISDN

maps to the three lower layers of the OSI model Network, Data Link, and Physical. However, different protocols exist at the Data Link and Network layers for B and D channels, as illustrated in the figure below. The functions handled at each OSI layer are described below.

Physical Layer.
The ISDN Physical layer is concerned with the actual sending and receiving of bits over variety of interfaces. For example, the I.430 standard is responsible for providing communication over S/T reference points, while the ANSI T1.601 standard defines communication over U interfaces in North America.

Data Link Layer.


ISDN D channels use the Link Access Procedure for D Channels (LAPD Q.921) to frame signaling and control data at Layer 2. On the B channel, data can be framed in a variety of ways, including via PPP and HDLC.

Network Layer.
ISDN D channels handle call setup, termination, and maintenance at the OSI Network layer using the Q.931 protocol, which implements common signaling standards. On B channels, ISDN uses common Network layer protocols like IP, IPX, AppleTalk, and so forth.

LAPD -

The LAPD (Link Access Protocol - Channel D) is a layer 2 protocol which is defined in CCITT Q.920/921. LAPD works in the Asynchronous Balanced Mode (ABM). This mode is totally balanced (i.e., no master/slave relationship). Each station may initialize, supervise, recover from errors, and send frames at any time. The protocol treats the DTE and DCE as equals.

Q.931 ITU-T Recommendation - is the ITU standard ISDN connection control


signalling protocol, forming part of Digital Subscriber Signalling System No. 1.[1] Unlike connectionless systems like TCP/IP, ISDN is connection oriented and uses explicit signalling to manage call state: Q.931. Q.931 typically does not carry user data. Q.931 does not have a direct equivalent in the Internet Protocol stack, but can be compared to SIP. Q.931 does not provide flow control or perform retransmission, since the underlying layers are assumed to be reliable and the circuit-oriented nature of ISDN allocates bandwidth in fixed increments of 64 kbit/s. Amongst other things, Q.931 manages connection setup and breakdown. Like TCP, Q.931 documents both the protocol itself and a protocol state machine. Q.931 was designed for ISDN call establishment, maintenance, and release of network connections between two DTEs on the ISDN D channel. Q.931 has more recently been used as part of the VoIP H.323 protocol stack (see H.225.0) and in modified form in some mobile phone transmission systems[2] and in ATM.

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