COLEGIO DE SAN ANTONIO DE PADUA

Supervised by the Lasallian Schools Supervision Office

Ramon M. Durano Foundation Compound,
Guinsay, Danao City, Cebu
Tel. No. (032) 344-4709

MODULE 4
IN
COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING NC II
GRADE 12

Prepared by:

MR. IVENE LAUDE

Name of the Student: _______________________________ Grade & Section: ____________

Name of the Subject Teacher:
____________________________________________________

2023 - 2024

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 Module Page Number Date

Lesson 1 Computer Troubleshooting 3

Learning Activity # 1 12

Learning Activity # 2 13

13
Learning Activity # 3
13
Learning Activity # 4

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 Lesson I
Computer Troubleshooting

Learning Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, the students can:
a. identify common computer problems;
b. troubleshoot and fix basic computer problems;
c. familiarize the steps to prevent computer problems from happening in the
first place; and
d. list down the importance of following the steps in computer
troubleshooting.

Welcome to Computer Troubleshooting!

In today's world, computers have become an indispensable part of our lives, seamlessly
integrating into our work, education, and personal interactions. However, when these trusty
machines start to malfunction, it can lead to frustration, lost productivity, and even data loss.
That's where computer troubleshooting comes in, empowering you to diagnose and resolve
computer problems effectively.

What is Computer Troubleshooting?

Computer troubleshooting is the process of identifying, diagnosing, and resolving

computer problems. It involves a systematic approach to understanding the symptoms of a
malfunction, gathering relevant information, and applying appropriate solutions to restore
normal functionality.

Why is Computer Troubleshooting Important?

Computer troubleshooting is crucial for several reasons:

 Minimizing downtime: When your computer is down, it can disrupt your workflow, causing
delays and lost productivity. Troubleshooting skills allow you to quickly identify and fix
problems, minimizing downtime and getting your computer back in action promptly.
 Saving costs: Calling a technician for every computer issue can be expensive. By learning to
troubleshoot yourself, you can often resolve problems without incurring additional costs.
 Gaining knowledge and confidence: Troubleshooting strengthens your understanding of
computer components, software interactions, and problem-solving techniques. This knowledge
instills confidence in your ability to handle future computer issues independently.

The Different Types of Computer Problems

Computer problems can manifest in various ways, ranging from hardware malfunctions to
software glitches. Here's a categorization of common computer issues:

1. Hardware Problems: These involve physical components of the computer, such as the CPU,
RAM, hard drive, or peripheral devices. Symptoms may include slow performance, error
messages, or hardware failure.
2. Software Problems: Software issues arise from software applications, operating systems, or
drivers. Common signs include crashes, freezing, error messages, or unexpected behavior.

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3. Networking Problems: Networking issues hinder your computer's ability to connect to the
internet or other devices. Symptoms may include no internet access, slow connection speeds, or
device connectivity issues.
4. Security Problems: Security threats like viruses, malware, or spyware can compromise your
computer's security and integrity. Indicators may include slow performance, pop-ups, or
suspicious activity.

Common Computer Problems and How to Fix Them

We'll delve into specific computer problems and explore effective troubleshooting strategies to
resolve them.

Symptom: Computer Won't Turn On

A non-responsive computer can be a daunting sight. Before panicking, follow these steps:

1. Power Check: Ensure the computer is plugged into a power source and the power strip or wall
outlet is turned on.
2. Cable Inspection: Check that the power cable is securely connected to both the computer and the
power outlet. Try a different outlet to rule out power source issues.
3. Button Test: If the computer has a physical power button, press and hold it for a few seconds to
confirm functionality.
4. Hardware Check: If the computer still fails to power on, there might be a hardware issue.
Contact a technician for further assistance.

Symptom: Computer is Running Slowly

A sluggish computer can hinder your productivity and patience. To address slow performance:

1. Restart Ritual: Restarting the computer clears temporary files and resets processes, often
resolving performance issues.
2. Malware Patrol: Scan your computer for viruses and malware using a reputable antivirus or anti-
malware program.
3. Disk Cleanup: Free up hard drive space by deleting unnecessary files, programs, and temporary
data.
4. Software Updates: Check for and install software updates, as outdated software can cause
compatibility issues and slow performance.
5. Defragmentation: Defragmenting the hard drive consolidates scattered file fragments, improving
data access and overall performance.

Symptom: Computer is Overheating

Overheating can damage internal components and reduce the computer's lifespan. To prevent
overheating:

1. Dust Bunny Removal: Clean the computer's vents and fans to remove accumulated dust that
obstructs airflow.
2. Fan Check: Ensure the fans are running properly and not obstructed by dust or debris.
3. Space Creation: Avoid blocking the computer's vents or placing it in confined spaces that restrict
airflow.
4. Shutdown and Cooling: If overheating occurs, shut down the computer immediately and allow it
to cool down before restarting.

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 Symptom: Computer is Making Strange Noises

Unusual noises from the computer can indicate underlying hardware issues:

1. Clicking or Grinding: Clicking or grinding noises may suggest a hard drive problem.
2. Whining or Screaming: High-pitched whining or screaming noises may indicate a fan issue.
3. Popping or Sizzling

Recognizing Symptoms of Faulty RAM, CPU, HDD/SSD, and Power Supply

Understanding the symptoms of faulty hardware is essential for timely intervention and
preventing further damage. Here are some common signs to watch out for:

 RAM: Frequent computer crashes, freezing or hanging, blue screen of death (BSOD), and
strange noises like clicking or beeping.
 CPU: Slow computer performance, overheating, unexpected shutdowns, and strange noises like
whining or buzzing.
 HDD/SSD: Strange noises like clicking, grinding, or screeching, long boot-up or shutdown
times, file corruption, and data loss.
 Power Supply: Random shutdowns or restarts, flickering lights or unusual noises from the
power supply unit, and failure of peripherals to power up.

Understanding the Importance of Timely Diagnosis and Repair

Ignoring symptoms of hardware failure can lead to severe consequences, including data
loss, component damage, and reduced system performance. Timely diagnosis and repair are
crucial to prevent further issues and ensure the optimal functioning of your computer.

Familiarizing Yourself with Basic Troubleshooting Steps

Before jumping into hardware replacements, consider basic troubleshooting steps that can
resolve many common issues. These include restarting the computer, updating software,
checking for malware, and freeing up disk space.

Troubleshooting RAM Issues

Common Symptoms of Faulty RAM

RAM (Random Access Memory) plays a critical role in storing temporary data while your
computer is running. When RAM malfunctions, it can cause various issues, including:

 Frequent computer crashes: RAM errors can corrupt data, leading to system instability and
crashes.
 Freezing or hanging: Faulty RAM can cause the computer to freeze or hang, making it
unresponsive to commands.
 Blue screen of death (BSOD): BSOD is a serious error screen often triggered by hardware
problems, including RAM malfunction.
 Strange noises: Damaged or failing RAM modules may emit clicking or beeping sounds.

Diagnosing RAM Problems

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 To diagnose RAM issues, you can utilize built-in diagnostic tools or specialized memory
testing software. These tools can identify faulty RAM modules, allowing for targeted
troubleshooting.

Troubleshooting Steps for RAM Issues

If you suspect RAM problems, follow these troubleshooting steps:

1. Reseat RAM modules: Improperly seated RAM modules can cause errors. Try reseating the
modules to ensure proper connection.
2. Clean RAM modules: Dust buildup on RAM contacts can interfere with signal transmission.
Clean the modules with compressed air or a soft eraser.
3. Test RAM modules individually: Remove each RAM module and test the computer to isolate the
faulty one.
4. Replace faulty RAM modules: If testing identifies faulty RAM, replace the affected modules
with compatible ones.

Preventive Measures for RAM Health

To maintain RAM health and prevent future issues, consider these preventive measures:

 Avoid overclocking: Overclocking can put stress on RAM, increasing the risk of damage.
 Handle RAM modules with care: Avoid touching the gold contacts and store the modules in their
protective casings.
 Regularly clean the computer: Dust buildup can affect RAM performance and lifespan.

Recognizing and Fixing CPU Problems

Signs of a Faulty CPU

The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the brain of the computer, responsible for executing
instructions and processing data. When the CPU fails, it can manifest in several ways:

 Slow computer performance: A faulty CPU can significantly slow down overall system
performance.
 Overheating: Excessive heat generation can indicate a CPU malfunction or inadequate cooling.
 Unexpected shutdowns: Sudden shutdowns may be caused by CPU overheating or other
hardware issues.
 Strange noises: Unusual noises like whining or buzzing can suggest a problem with the CPU fan
or cooling system.

Diagnosing CPU Issues

Diagnosing CPU problems can be more challenging, as symptoms may overlap with other
hardware issues. Specialized diagnostic tools and stress testing software can help pinpoint CPU-
related problems.

Troubleshooting Steps for CPU Issues

Troubleshooting CPU issues often involves addressing cooling and performance optimization:

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1. Check CPU fan functionality: Ensure the CPU fan is working correctly and not obstructed by
dust or debris.
2. Rearrange case fans: Improve airflow by adjusting case fan placement and ensuring proper
ventilation.
3. Clean CPU heatsink and fan: Remove dust buildup from the CPU heatsink and fan to enhance
cooling efficiency.
4. Monitor CPU temperature: Use monitoring software to track CPU temperature and identify

Common Symptoms of a Failing HDD/SSD

Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) and Solid State Drives (SSDs) are storage devices that hold your
computer's data. When these components fail, it can lead to data loss and other issues, including:

 Strange noises: Clicking, grinding, or screeching noises from the drive can indicate a mechanical
failure.
 Long boot-up or shut down times: A failing drive can take a long time to read and write data,
causing slow boot-up and shutdown times.
 File corruption: Damaged or failing sectors on the drive can corrupt files, making them
inaccessible or unusable.
 Data loss: Data loss can occur due to drive failure, software corruption, or accidental deletion.

Diagnosing HDD/SSD Problems

Diagnosing HDD/SSD problems often involves using specialized software tools that can check
for drive health and identify potential issues.

Troubleshooting Steps for HDD/SSD Issues

If you suspect a failing HDD/SSD, follow these troubleshooting steps:

1. Back up your data immediately: Data loss is a serious concern with failing drives. Back up your
data regularly to prevent permanent loss.
2. Check for drive errors: Use disk check tools to scan the drive for errors and attempt to repair
them.
3. Run disk defragmentation (for HDDs): Defragmentation can improve the drive's performance
and reduce stress on the mechanical components.
4. Consider replacing the drive: If the drive is failing or nearing the end of its lifespan, consider
replacing it with a new one.

Preventive Measures for HDD/SSD Health

To maintain HDD/SSD health and prevent premature failure, consider these preventive
measures:

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 Handle the drive with care: Avoid dropping or shaking the computer, as this can damage the
drive's internal components.
 Maintain a cool operating environment: Excessive heat can shorten the lifespan of the drive.
 Avoid overloading the drive: Filling the drive to its maximum capacity can put strain on the
drive and lead to failure.
 Regularly back up your data: Data loss is always a possibility, so regular backups are essential.

Power Supply Issues: Detection and Resolution

Signs of a Faulty Power Supply

The power supply unit (PSU) provides power to all the components inside the computer. When
the PSU fails, it can cause various issues, including:

 Random shutdowns or restarts: The PSU may not be able to provide enough power to the
system, causing random shutdowns or restarts.
 Flickering lights or unusual noises from the PSU: Strange noises or flickering lights can indicate
a faulty PSU.
 Failure of peripherals to power up: If peripherals like USB devices or external drives are not
getting enough power, it could be a sign of a failing PSU.

Diagnosing Power Supply Problems

Diagnosing power supply problems can be challenging, as symptoms may overlap with
other hardware issues. Specialized testing tools and careful observation of system behavior can
help identify PSU-related problems.

Troubleshooting Steps for Power Supply Issues

Troubleshooting power supply issues often involves checking connections, testing

components, and considering replacement:

1. Check power cables and connections: Ensure all power cables are securely plugged into the PSU
and the motherboard.
2. Test the power supply with a power supply tester: Specialized testers can help determine if the
PSU is providing the correct voltages.
3. Try a different power supply: If you have another compatible PSU, try temporarily replacing the
suspected faulty one to see if the problem persists.
4. Consider replacing the PSU: If testing indicates a faulty PSU, it's best to replace it with a new
one of adequate wattage for your system.

Preventive Measures for Power Supply Health

To maintain PSU health and prevent premature failure, consider these preventive measures:

 Don't overload the PSU: Use a power supply calculator to ensure the PSU can handle the power
requirements of your system components.
 Keep the PSU clean and ventilated: Dust buildup can affect airflow and cooling, so clean the
PSU regularly.
 Avoid using the computer in extreme conditions: Exposing the computer to extreme
temperatures or humidity can strain the PSU.

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 Monitor power consumption: Use software tools to monitor power consumption and identify
potential overloads.

Proactive Measures for Computer Health

Prevention is always better than cure. In the realm of computer troubleshooting, adopting
preventive measures can significantly reduce the likelihood of encountering problems. Here are
some essential practices to safeguard your computer's health:

1. Regular Cleaning: Regularly clean your computer's exterior to remove dust and grime that can
interfere with ventilation and component performance.
2. Software Updates: Keep your operating system, software applications, and drivers up to date to
ensure compatibility, bug fixes, and security enhancements.
3. Data Backups: Regularly back up your important data to an external hard drive or cloud storage
service to prevent data loss in case of hardware failure or software glitches.
4. Antivirus and Anti-malware Protection: Install and maintain a reputable antivirus and anti-
malware program to protect your computer from viruses, malware, and other online threats.
5. Software Management: Avoid installing excessive software and unnecessary applications to
prevent clutter, potential conflicts, and resource strain.
6. Power Surge Protection: Use a surge protector to safeguard your computer from power surges
and fluctuations that can damage internal components.
7. Proper Handling: Avoid carrying your laptop by the screen, as this can strain the hinges and
internal connections.
8. Careful Connections: When connecting peripherals, ensure they are compatible and properly
plugged in to prevent damage to ports or devices.
9. Temperature Monitoring: Keep an eye on your computer's temperature, especially during
intensive tasks like gaming or video editing. If it overheats, take steps to cool it down.
10. Regular Maintenance: Schedule regular maintenance checks with a qualified technician to ensure
your computer is functioning optimally and to identify potential issues before they escalate.

Resources for Further Learning

Expanding Your Troubleshooting Knowledge

The world of computer troubleshooting is vast and ever-evolving. To stay informed and expand
your troubleshooting expertise, consider these valuable resources:

1. Online Troubleshooting Guides: Numerous websites offer comprehensive troubleshooting guides

for specific computer problems, providing step-by-step instructions and troubleshooting tips.
2. Computer Repair Shops: For more complex issues or hardware repairs, professional computer
repair shops can provide expert assistance and diagnose underlying problems.
3. Manufacturer Support Websites: Check the support websites of your computer manufacturer or
software vendors for troubleshooting guides, FAQs, and technical support forums.
4. Computer Troubleshooting Books and Courses: Various books and online courses offer in-depth
explanations of computer troubleshooting techniques, covering hardware, software, and
networking issues.
5. Community Forums and Online Groups: Engage in online communities and forums dedicated to
computer troubleshooting to share experiences, seek advice, and learn from fellow computer
enthusiasts.

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 Learning Activities in Lesson I

Activity 1: Symptom and Solution Matching

Create a table with two columns: "Symptoms" and "Possible Solutions." Fill the "Symptoms"
column with various symptoms of faulty RAM, CPU, HDD/SSD, and power supply issues. In
the "Possible Solutions" column, match each symptom with its corresponding troubleshooting
steps or preventive measures. Write your answer on the space provided. (20 points)

Symptoms of Faulty RAM, CPU, Possible Solutions

HDD/SSD, and Power Supply Issues

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Activity 2: Case Study Analysis

Present a case study involving a computer with specific hardware problems. Describe the
symptoms observed, the diagnosis process, and the troubleshooting steps taken to resolve the
issues. Discuss the lessons learned from this case study. Write your answer in long bondpaper.
(30 points)

Activity 3: Troubleshooting Guide Writing

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Choose one of the four hardware components (RAM, CPU, HDD/SSD, or power supply) and
write a comprehensive troubleshooting guide for that component. Include detailed descriptions
of common symptoms, diagnostic methods, troubleshooting steps, and preventive measures.
Write your answer in long bondpaper. (30 points)

Activity 4: Proactive Maintenance Plan Creation

Develop a proactive maintenance plan for a personal computer or a small business network.
Outline regular maintenance tasks, such as cleaning, software updates, and backup procedures, to
prevent hardware failures and ensure optimal system performance. Write your answer in long
bondpaper. (30 points)

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