History of English
English is a west Germanic language that
originated the “Anglo Frisian”
Dialect brought to Britain by Germanic invaders
from north west and nether land in the
11thcentury.
Contents of English
• 1. proto English-By Germanic tribes
• 2.Old English by north Germanic in 12th or 13th century
• 3.middle English- Geoffrey Chaucer and of his work
“The Canterbury Tales” is the best known.
• 4.Early modern English- which took place in the 15th
century by the standardized London- “William
Shakespeare” in the 16th century.
• 5.Modern English- In 1755 “ Samuel Johnson”
• Published the first significant of the English Language.
Continued….
• One cannot fight on the pronunciation
whether it is right or wrong as there are
differences between AME and BRE.
• AME-General American
• BRE-Received pronunciation (RP)
English Language
• Is divide into two
• Native speakers- U.K/Germany /New Zealand
/Canada /north American.
• Non-native speakers- Africa and Asia has
second or third varieties of English.
Word order or sentence formation
• A group of words is called as sentence.
• A sentence has a subject and predicate.
• E.g. she like chocolates.
• Mike runs.
• Birds sing. And so on…… In a sentence verb is
the most important or essential thing without
verb the sentence cannot be completed.
Kinds of sentences
• Assertive/ declarative- that makes statement
or assertion (Which is true)
• Interrogative- that makes a Question.
• Imperative- that expresses command,
request, or entreaty (emotional request)
• Exclamation- that expresses strong feeling
Examples…
• Humpty dumpty sat on a wall- assertive
sentence.
• Where do you live?- Interrogative
• Be quite/ come in/ go slow- Imperative
• How cold the night is! - Exclamation
Look at the following sentences
• John cricket plays
• Mother is kitchen the cooking in
• Birds fly the in
• The tall animal is a giraffe
Continued….
• The above sentence makes no sense.
• We speak in words. Hence group of words is
called sentence.
• That makes a complete sentence.
Continued….
• John plays cricket.
• Mother is cooking in the kitchen.
• Birds fly in the sky.
• The giraffe is a tall animal.
• In this one part before the action word (a) &
(b) after the action word.
Continued…
• Sometimes a sentence may not have any
naming words after the action word but still
makes complete sense.
• Sam runs…. We do no know where?
• Mike is cycling…. where?
• She left…when?
Read the following
• In the park/ on the table/ at the crack of
dawn/ of great beauty. Such group of words
do not make complete sense. They form parts
of sentences.
• A group of words that makes sense but not
complete sentence is called a phrase.
Communication
• Effective and ineffective.
• Effective
• Open ended questions.
• Close ended questions.
• Steering questions.
• Clarifying questions.
Communication
• Ineffective.
• Out of the blue.
• Rapid fire.
• Irrelevant.
• Repetitive.
Vowels and sounds
• We have 26 letters in English.
• Five vowels and twenty one consonants.
• A, E, I, O, U. where in y is also a special
vowel.
• And rest consonants.
Vowels and Sound
• In phonetics there are 44 sounds
• Vowel sound- 20
• Consonant sound- 24
• Phonetics is a scientific study of speech
sound.
• In vowel sounds air flows freely the speech
organs.
• Consonants are voiced and unvoiced.
Examples
• Short vowels- CVC i.e. consonant vowel
consonant.
• Hat- a
• Pet- e
• Sit- i
• Mop- o
• Cub- u
Long vowels
• C v c + e formula.
• Cane- a
• Pete- e
• Site- I
• Home- o
• Cute- u
short vowels
• Cvcc
• Bath- a
• Beth- e
• With- I
• Sock- o
• Luck- u
Thank you for your precious time
