Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB : An Introduction
Aniruddha Chandra
ECE Department, NIT Durgapur, WB, India. [email protected]
September 23, 2010
NIT DGP Student Branch
Presentation Outline
Objective of the Lecture Expected Background Simulating Analog Communication Systems Amplitude Modulation (AM) Simulating Digital Communication Systems Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)
Sep. 23, 2010
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
Presentation Outline
Objective of the Lecture Expected Background Simulating Analog Communication Systems Amplitude Modulation (AM) Simulating Digital Communication Systems Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)
Sep. 23, 2010
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
Objective of the Lecture
After the Lecture Youll be able to
Sep. 23, 2010
Write your own Matlab Script Make a Analog/ Digital Communication Link Compare your Results with Theoretical Values
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
Presentation Outline
Objective of the Lecture Expected Background Simulating Analog Communication Systems Amplitude Modulation (AM) Simulating Digital Communication Systems Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)
Sep. 23, 2010
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
Expected Background
I assume that You understand
Sep. 23, 2010
Basic MATLAB Operations (function, matrix) Basics of Communication (modulation) Performance Metrics (BER)
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
Presentation Outline
Objective of the Lecture Expected Background Simulating Analog Communication Systems Amplitude Modulation (AM) Simulating Digital Communication Systems Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)
Sep. 23, 2010
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
Analog Communication Systems
Sep. 23, 2010
Source
Modulator Channel
Destination
Demodulator
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
Simulate a Source
Sep. 23, 2010
Source
Modulator Channel
Destination
Demodulator
Produces message signal e.g. a simple Sine wave
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
Simulate a Source
Generate message signal (simple sine wave)
m(t ) = Vm sin (2f mt )
Define time instants (1000 sample points)
tmin = 0; tmax = 10^(-3); step = (tmax-tmin)/1000; t = tmin:step:tmax;
Sep. 23, 2010
Define amplitude and frequency (initial phase is zero)
Vm = 1; fm = 2*10^3; % Amplitude % Frequency
Construct the Signal
m = Vm*sin(2*pi*fm*t);
View the Signal
plot(t,m,'r');
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
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Simulate a Source
Complete MATLAB Script [Prog1.m]
Sep. 23, 2010
tmin = 0; tmax = 10^(-3); step = (tmax-tmin)/1000; t = tmin:step:tmax; fm = 2*10^3; Vm = 1; m = Vm*sin(2*pi*fm*t); plot(t,m,'r');
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
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Simulate a Source
Sep. 23, 2010
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
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Simulate a Source
Assignment #1 [Prog2.m], [Prog3.m]
Sep. 23, 2010
What happens if there is an initial phase?
phi_deg = 45; phi_rad = phi_deg*pi/180; m = Vm*sin(2*pi*fm*t+phi_rad);
What happens if the message is not sinusoidal?
tmin = 0; tmax = 1; step = (tmax-tmin)/1000; t = tmin:step:tmax; f = 2; m = sawtooth(2*pi*f*t); plot(t,m,'r');
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
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Simulate Modulation
Sep. 23, 2010
Source
Modulator Channel
Destination
Demodulator
Built-in functions are available (ammod, amdemod etc.) WYSIWYG?? No
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
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Amplitude Modulation
Simulate with built-in functions
fs = 8000; fc = 300; t = [0:0.1*fs]'/fs; m = sin(20*pi*t); v = ammod(m,fc,fs); % % % % %
Sep. 23, 2010
[Prog4.m]
Sampling rate is 8000 samples per second Carrier frequency in Hz Sampling times for 0.1 second Representation of the signal Modulate m to produce v
figure(1) subplot(2,1,1); plot(t,m); subplot(2,1,2); plot(t,v); mr = amdemod(v,fc,fs);
% Plot m on top % Plot v below
% Demodulate v to produce m
figure(2); subplot(2,1,1); plot(t,m); subplot(2,1,2); plot(t,mr);
% Plot m on top % Plot mr below
Source: Introduction to Communications Toolbox in MATLAB 7.6.0 (R2008) by Amit Degada Available: http://amitdegada.weebly.com/download.html
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
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Amplitude Modulation
Sep. 23, 2010
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
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Amplitude Modulation
Sep. 23, 2010
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
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Amplitude Modulation
Dont have the feel??? . Try this
Define message signal, m(t ) = Vm sin (2f mt ) (as done earlier)
tmin = 0; tmax = 10^(-3); step = (tmax-tmin)/1000; t = tmin:step:tmax; Vm = 1; fm = 2*10^3; m = Vm*sin(2*pi*fm*t);
Sep. 23, 2010
Define carrier, c(t ) = Vc sin (2f c t )
Vc = 2; % Amplitude fc = 10^4; % Frequency c = Vc*sin(2*pi*fc*t); % Carrier signal
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
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Amplitude Modulation
Continued .
Modulate the Signal, v(t ) = Vc 1 +
Sep. 23, 2010
Vm sin (2f mt ) sin (2f c t ) Vc
v = (1+m/Vc).*c;
% DSB-FC modulation
View Modulated Wave
plot(t,v); % Modulated Wave hold on; plot(t,Vc*(1+m/Vc),'r:'); % Upper Envelope hold on; plot(t,-Vc*(1+m/Vc),'r:'); % Lower Envelope hold off ;
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
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Amplitude Modulation
Complete MATLAB Script [Prog5.m]
Sep. 23, 2010
clear all; close all; clc; tmin = 0; tmax = 10^(-3); step = (tmax-tmin)/1000; t = tmin:step:tmax; % Time Vm = 1; Vc = 2; % Amplitude fm = 2*10^3; fc = 10^4; % Frequency m = Vm*sin(2*pi*fm*t); c = Vc*sin(2*pi*fc*t); v = (1+m/Vc).*c; % Message % Carrier % Modulated Wave
plot(t,v); hold on; plot(t,Vc*(1+m/Vc),'r:'); hold on; % Upper Envelope plot(t,-Vc*(1+m/Vc),'r:'); hold off % Lower Envelope
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
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Amplitude Modulation
Sep. 23, 2010
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
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Amplitude Modulation
Assignment #2 [Prog6.m]
Sep. 23, 2010
How to view effect of changing modulation index?
tmin = 0; tmax = 10^(-3); step = (tmax-tmin)/1000; t = tmin:step:tmax; Vm = 1; mu = 1.5; Vc = Vm/mu; fm = 2*10^3; fc = 10^4; m = Vm*sin(2*pi*fm*t); c = Vc*sin(2*pi*fc*t); v = (1+m/Vc).*c; plot(t,v); hold on; plot(t,Vc*(1+m/Vc),'r:'); hold on; plot(t,-Vc*(1+m/Vc),'r:'); hold off
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
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Amplitude Modulation
Assignment #2 (Contd) [Prog7.m]
Sep. 23, 2010
How to simulate DSB-SC modulation?
tmin = 0; tmax = 10^(-3); step = (tmax-tmin)/1000; t = tmin:step:tmax; Vm = 2; Vc = 1; fm = 2*10^3; fc = 10^4; m = Vm*sin(2*pi*fm*t); c = Vc*sin(2*pi*fc*t); v = m.*c; plot(t,v); hold on; plot(t,m,'r:'); hold on; plot(t,-m,'r:'); hold off
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
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Demodulation
Demodulate DSB-SC with filter [Prog8.m]
Sep. 23, 2010
clear all; close all; clc; tmin = 0; tmax = 1; step = (tmax-tmin)/(10^3); t = tmin:step:tmax; Vm = 2; Vc = 1; fm = 2; fc = 10^2; m = Vm*sin(2*pi*fm*t); c = Vc*sin(2*pi*fc*t); v = m.*c; r = v.*c; [b a] = butter(1,0.01); mr = filter(b,a,r); figure(1) subplot(2,1,1); plot(t,m); subplot(2,1,2); plot(t,mr);
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
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Demodulation
Sep. 23, 2010
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
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Demodulation
Ideal Demodulation of DSB-SC
clear all; close all; clc; fs = 10^5; N = 10^5; t = 1/fs:1/fs:N/fs; fm = 2; fc = 10^3; m = sin(2*pi*fm*t); c = sin(2*pi*fc*t); v = m.*c;
Sep. 23, 2010
[Prog9.m]
r = zeros(1,N); n =f s/fc; for k = 1:fc mr((k-1)*n+1:k*n) = 2*v((k-1)*n+1:k*n)*c((k-1)*n+1:k*n)'/n; end figure(1) subplot(2,1,1); plot(t,m); subplot(2,1,2); plot(t,mr);
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
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Demodulation
Sep. 23, 2010
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
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Analog Communication Systems
Sep. 23, 2010
Source
Modulator Channel
Destination
Demodulator
Introduces noise Additive White Gaussian Noise
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
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Simulate Channel
Introducing AWGN
fs = 10^5; N = 10^5; t = 1/fs:1/fs:N/fs; fm = 2; fc = 10^3; m = sin(2*pi*fm*t); c = sin(2*pi*fc*t); v = m.*c; SNRdB = 10; SNR = 10^(SNRdB/10); vn = var(v)/SNR; n = sqrt(vn)*randn(1,N); v = v + n; r=zeros(1,N); n=fs/fc; for k=1:fc mr((k-1)*n+1:k*n)=2*v((k-1)*n+1:k*n)*c((k-1)*n+1:k*n)'/n; end figure(1) subplot(2,1,1); plot(t,m); subplot(2,1,2); plot(t,mr); axis([0 1 -1 1]) A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
Sep. 23, 2010
[Prog10.m]
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Simulate Channel
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A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
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Presentation Outline
Objective of the Lecture Expected Background Simulating Analog Communication Systems Amplitude Modulation (AM) Simulating Digital Communication Systems Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)
Sep. 23, 2010
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
31
Digital Communication Systems
Sep. 23, 2010
Source
Modulator Channel
Destination
Demodulator
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
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Simulate BPSK
Simulation
%This program simulates BER clear all; close all; clc; num_bit=100000; max_run=20; Eb=1; SNRdB=0:1:9; SNR=10.^(SNRdB/10);
Sep. 23, 2010
[Prog11.m]
of BPSK in AWGN channel% %Signal length %Maximum number of iterations for a single SNR %Bit energy %Signal to Noise Ratio (in dB)
hand=waitbar(0,'Please Wait....'); for count=1:length(SNR) %Beginning of loop for different SNR avgError=0; No=Eb/SNR(count); %Calculate noise power from SNR
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
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Simulate BPSK
Simulation (Contd.) [Prog11.m]
Sep. 23, 2010
for run_time=1:max_run %Beginning of loop for different runs waitbar((((count-1)*max_run)+run_time-1)/(length(SNRdB)*max_run)); Error=0; data=randint(1,num_bit); s=2*data-1; N=sqrt(No/2)*randn(1,num_bit); Y=s+N; %Generate binary data source %Baseband BPSK modulation %Generate AWGN %Received Signal
for k=1:num_bit %Decision device taking hard decision and deciding error if ((Y(k)>0 && data(k)==0)||(Y(k)<0 && data(k)==1)) Error=Error+1; end end Error=Error/num_bit; avgError=avgError+Error; end %Calculate error/bit %Calculate error/bit for different runs %Termination of loop for different runs
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
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Simulate BPSK
Simulation (Contd.) [Prog11.m]
Sep. 23, 2010
BER_sim(count)=avgError/max_run; %Calculate BER for a particular SNR end %Termination of loop for different SNR BER_th=(1/2)*erfc(sqrt(SNR)); %Calculate analytical BER close(hand); semilogy(SNRdB,BER_th,'k'); %Plot BER hold on semilogy(SNRdB,BER_sim,'k*'); legend('Theoretical','Simulation',3); axis([min(SNRdB) max(SNRdB) 10^(-5) 1]); hold off
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
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Simulate BPSK
Sep. 23, 2010
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
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References
[1] http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/
Sep. 23, 2010
[2] http://www.freewebs.com/acwebpage/teaching.htm [3] B.P. Lathi and Z. Ding, Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems, Oxford University Press, International 4th edition, 2010. [4] J.G. Proakis, M. Salehi, and G. Bauch, Contemporary Communication Systems using MATLAB, Thomson/ CLEngineering, 2nd edition, 2003.
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Sep. 23, 2010
Thank You! Questions???
[email protected]A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB 38
