MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNOLOGY AND

EDUCATION

Micro project Report on:-

“Burglar alarm”
Submitted in partial fulfillment for ‘k’ scheme Third Semester

2024-25

Diploma in

Electronic and Computer Engineering

Subbmited by

Name

MR. Patil sangram shivaji

MR. Patade Vedant Dnyandev

MR. Gawade Akash Arjun

MR. Narvekar Sangram Sukhdev

MR. Jadav Sangram Namdev

Under the Guidance of

Prof. S.M.ADAVKAR

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 Roll no E n r o l l STUDENT NAME : SANT
m e n t n o
:

65 24212210842 Sangram Shivaji Patil

68 24212210845 Vedant Dnyandev Patade

70 24212210847 Akash Arjun Gawade

57 23212210830 Sangram Sukhdev Narvekar

58 24212210835 Sangram Namdev Jadav

GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL POLYTECHNIC

A/P-MAHAGAON, SITE CHINCHEWADI, TAL-GADHINGLA3, DIST-
KOLHAPUR

Certificate

This is to that the following students of THIRD semester of

Diploma in
ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING of
Institute SANT GAJANAN
MAHARAJ RURAL POLYTECHNIC, MAHAGAON-116503.
(CODE-0965) has
completed micro project.
-

“Burglar alarm” satisfactory in subject DIGITAL

TECHNIQUES subject Code 313303 academic years 2024
-25 as prescribed in the curriculum.

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SR.NO. NAME PAGE
NO
PART - A
1. Introduction
2. Aim of micro project
3. Intended course
outcomes (Project

4. Literature review
5. Circuit design
6. Basic components
PART - B
7. Action plan
8. Course outcomes
9. Literature review
10. Methodology
11. System info.
12. Skills developed
13. Conclusion
14. Output
Guidance) (HOD of Departm)

(Principal of Department)

INDEX

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Part A:

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Introduction:-
During recent times, security is always a concern for homes and
businesses. A very simple, yet effective burglar alarm system shall be
designed that utilises the basic NAND gates. The circuit shall intend to
design a detection of unauthorized access through doors or windows and
then trigger an alarm that will alert people.

The principle of the alarm system is to use sensors that are mounted
strategically at entry points. These sensors check whether the door or
window is open or closed. It then feeds the outputs from the sensors into
a NAND gate, which processes the signals to bring out the status of the
entry points. When the system detects that one or more of the sensors
have been activated, or which reflects a potential breach, the output of
the NAND gate will change, and it activates the alarm either from a
buzzer or LED.

This project shows how digital practicality can be applied to security

systems and, further, how these logic gates can be used for practical
purposes in the real world. Utilizing basic electronics and logical
reasoning, this burglar alarm system is an important concept in
protecting property and should be a micro-project ideal for the student
who explores the fields of electronics and security technology.

Aim of micro-project:-
The aim of this microproject is to design and implement a simple burglar
alarm system using NAND gates. Its objective is security at the doors
and windows. The specific objectives are as follows:

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Utilize Logic Gates: Demonstrate the actual implementation of logic
gates, especially NAND gates, in the realization of a working electronic
circuit.

Design a system that might sense the opening of doors or windows and
perhaps report such occurrences as unauthorized entry.

To Trigger an Alarm: Activate the system to sound an audible alarm

(buzzer) or flash a light indicator (LED) when a security breach is
indicated, giving users warning of dangers.

This would be an applied exercise in circuit design, integration of

sensors, and application of simple electronic components.

To Raise Awareness: The possible integration of technology, which

could be the necessary insecurity measures, in everyday life and
increasing safety.

This project involves theory combined with practice; therefore, it is a

suitable teaching tool related to electronics and security systems.

Intented course Outcomes:-

Learner Outcomes for the Course
By the end of this micro-project, learners should be able to:

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1. Understand Logic Gates: Learn the basic logic gates
especially NAND gates and their applications in digital circuits.
2. Circuit Design Skills: Design and develop a fully working
circuit including sensors, logic gates and output devices
(buzzer/LED)
3. Application of Electronics: Apply concepts learned in
practical electronics scenario, and strengthen how individual
parts work together.

4. Troubleshooting: Identify and troubleshoot common issues in

circuit design and implementation, which will help to enhance
problem-solving skills.
5. Security Awareness: Understand the importance of security
systems in everyday life and how technology could be utilized to
increase the safety of humankind and their possessions.

6. Documentation and Presentation: Maintain quality

documentation of the design process and present findings clearly
communicating technical concepts.

Literature Review:-
Logic gates have been applied and used in security systems, particularly
burglar alarms, in numerous research studies and projects. Still, the
present literature review will enlighten some of the most relevant

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concepts, available technologies, and methodologies on the development
and implementation of burglar alarm systems using logic gates.
Basic Logic Gates Logic gates are the basic constituents of digital
circuits. According to Roth and John (2018), NAND gates are universal
as they can be used in the task of constructing any other gate (AND, OR,
NOT, etc.). With this property, they are particularly useful in developing
complex logical functions in simple and efficient ways.
Burglar Alarm Systems: Traditionally, a burglar alarm system detects
unauthorized entry through various kinds of sensors, such as motion
detectors, magnetic switches, and pressure sensors. As stated by
researchers Jain et al. (2019), the combination of sensors from multiple
categories can be incredibly efficient in enhancing security systems'
reliability and response time.
Digital Logic in Security Applications: There is extensive discussion
on the use of digital logic in security systems. The above paper by
Kumar and Singh (2020) helps illustrate the application of
combinational logic circuits in an alarm system. Here, the authors do
demonstrate how the
logical operations help in the proper determination of the states of the
security sensor. In turn, this will trigger alarms.
Microcontroller-Based Systems: Many of the new burglar alarms have
used microcontrollers for added functionality. However, the basic
designs based on logic gates have, as described by Choudhury et al.
(2021), presented the ability to use simpler structures for teaching
purposes for a better understanding of electronic theory.
Real-Time Applications: Literatures induct that to provide optimum
monitoring and responding, the integration of technology at security

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system is inevitable. Patel et al. in the year 2022, while discussing the
progression of security systems from analog and then digital
introductions makes it clear in which area modern electronic security
solution highly relies upon the logic gates.
Educational Projects: Some educational institutions adopted the
projects of burglar alarm systems to teach electronics and logical design
to students. In fact, a research study by Ahmed et al. (2023) reveals that
practical projects can make theoretical knowledge concrete in the
students' minds, along with stimulating their creative thinking.
Suggested Methodology:-
Design and implementation of the burglar alarm system using NAND
gates is based on following a few structured steps given below:

Literature Review and Research:

In-depth study of the different available burglar alarm systems and logic
gate applications.
Knowledge gathering about which sensors, components, and circuit
design principles are to be used.

Component Selection:
Acquire the necessary components:
Sensors: Magnetic switches or motion detectors

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Logic Gates: NAND gates (can be implemented by using ICs like 7400
series)
Output Devices: Buzzer and/or LED.
Power Source: Batteries or DC power source.

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Circuit Design:-

Circuit digram…

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Simulation:-
Use circuit simulation tool to test the design virtually. It may point out
potential problems before the physical assembly.
Adjust your design based on the simulation output for optimal function
Assembly of Circuit:
Build the circuit on proteus 8 profestional as per the schematic diagram
Check whether all of the components are well and securely connected
Testing and Calibration:
Test the built circuit through simulation of various conditions; like
volume high low.
Calibrate the sensors if needed, to perfectly detect
Look at the output device, buzzer/LED and tweak parts if needed for
better performance.
Documentation
All decisions made in the design process, testing procedures adopted,
and the results acquired be compiled into a project report.
Include schematics, pictures of the assembled circuit, and procedures
adopted for troubleshooting.

Presentation:-

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Prepare a presentation summarizing the project with objectives,
design methodology followed, and outcomes.
Demonstrate the burglar alarm system to classmates or
examiners.
Feedback and Revision

Obtain feedbacks from class peers and instructors on the design

and functionality
Refine the product as required through constructive criticism
and observations.
This proposed methodology is to provide an evident and
systematic approach in developing a burglar alarm system using
NAND gates toward ensuring real and adequate understanding
of the theoretical and practical fields of electronics.

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Basic Components:-
1. NAND Gate IC:
o 74 series NAND gate IC (e.g., 7400).
2. Sensors:
o Magnetic Switches: For door/window sensing.
o PIR Motion Sensor: Optional for motion detection.
3. Output Devices:
o Buzzer: For audible alarms (piezo buzzer recommended).
o LED: For visual indication.
4. Transistor:
o NPN Transistor (e.g., 2N3904) for switching the buzzer or
LED.
5. Resistors:
o Resistors for current limiting (e.g., 220Ω for LED, 1kΩ for
transistor base).
6. Button/Switch:
o Push-button switch .
7. Power Supply:
o Batteries (e.g., 9V) or a suitable DC power supply.
8. Breadboard or PCB:
o For assembling the circuit.

Additional Components:-
9. Connecting Wires:
o Jumper wires for connections.
10.Capacitors :
o For noise filtering in power supply lines.

Tools and Resources:-

1. Multimeter: For testing connections and measuring voltage/current.
2. Wire Strippers: For preparing wires.
3. Circuit Simulation Software: (e.g., Tinkercad, Multisim,Protues) for
virtual testing.

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Part B:
. Burglar Alarm System Action Plan:-
### Action Plan:
1. Research & Literature Review
- Gather information on burglar alarms and logic gate applications.
2. Component Selection
- List and acquire all necessary components.
3. Circuit Design
- Create and finalize a schematic diagram.
4. Simulation
- Simulate the circuit and make adjustments.
5. Circuit Assembly
- Assemble the circuit on a breadboard or PCB.
6. Initial Testing
- Test functionality and sensor responses.
7. Calibration & Troubleshooting
- Calibrate sensors and resolve any issues.
8. Final Testing
- Conduct thorough testing under various conditions.
9. Documentation

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 - Document the design process and results.
10. Presentation Preparation
- Create and practice the project presentation.
11. Feedback Collection
- Present to peers/instructors and gather feedback.
12. Final Adjustments
- Make improvements based on feedback.

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Rationale for the Burglar Alarm Project:-

1. Security Needs: With increasing concerns about property

safety, effective security systems are essential. A burglar
alarm serves as a deterrent and provides timely alerts in
case of unauthorized access.
2. Educational Value: This project offers a practical
application of theoretical concepts in electronics. By using
logic gates, students can deepen their understanding of
digital logic, circuit design, and the functionality of various
electronic components.
3. Hands-On Experience: Building a burglar alarm system
allows students to engage in hands-on learning. This
experience enhances problem-solving skills, creativity, and
technical proficiency, all of which are vital in engineering
and technology fields.
4. Cost-Effectiveness: Using basic components like NAND
gates and simple sensors makes the project feasible and
affordable. This approach allows for experimentation
without significant financial investment, making it
accessible for educational purposes.
5. Simplicity and Efficiency: The use of logic gates
simplifies the design process. NAND gates, in particular,
are universal gates that can create complex logic functions
with fewer components, promoting efficient design.
6. Integration of Technology: This project reflects the
growing integration of technology in everyday life. It
demonstrates how simple electronic systems can enhance
safety and security, preparing students for future
innovations in the field.

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Course Outcomes Covered:-

1. Logic of Digital: The student has to understand the logic

gates especially NAND gate and its operations.
2. Design Skill in Circuit: The student ought to design and
assemble operative circuits that include sensors as well as output
devices.
3. Application of Electronics: The student has to apply the
electronics principles practically by constructing a security
system.
4. Troubleshooting: The student shall identify and solve regular
circuit problems.
5. Relevance in Real Life: The student will learn the relevance
of security systems in real life.
6. Documentation and Communication: Execution of a project
effectively with documentation and presentation.
7. Collaboration Skills: Team working experience during the
execution process of the project.

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Literature Review:
The applications of logic gates in burglar alarm systems have been
researched upon by many authors:
Logic Gates: NAND gates are universal and the source to produce any
logic function, and hence they play a great role in design circuitry (Roth
& John, 2018).
Sensor Integration: sensors of different types such as magnetic
switches motion detectors are integrated into increase the reliability of
detection (Jain et al., 2019).
Digital Logic Applications: Combinational logic circuits determine
sensor states, while triggering alarms, which is an application of NAND
gate (Kumar & Singh, 2020).
Educational Value: These basic logic circuit designs can be utilized
within the teaching environment in the context of teaching learners
about electronic principles; see Choudhury et al., 2021.
Technological Advancement: Such an example from analog to digital
security systems reveals that logics apply to the modern application as
well; see Patel et al., 2022.
Hands-on Practice: Project designing for examples such as burglar
alarms will assist in improving the theoretical aspects along with
developing practical skills.

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Actual Methodology:-
The actual methodology for designing and implementing a burglar alarm
system using NAND gates involves the following steps:

1. Component Procurement:
o Gather all necessary components, including:
 NAND gate IC (e.g., 7400 series)
 Magnetic switches or PIR sensors
 Buzzer and/or LED
 Resistors and transistors
 Power supply (batteries or DC adapter)

2. Circuit Design:
o Create a schematic diagram of the circuit using design
software or by hand.
o Plan the arrangement of sensors, logic gates, and output
devices.

3. Breadboard Setup:
o Assemble the circuit on a breadboard for easy modifications.
o Connect the sensors to the inputs of the NAND gate and the
output to the buzzer/LED.

4. Initial Testing:
o Power the circuit and test individual components to ensure
they function correctly.
o Check sensor activation and the response of the output
devices.

5. Calibration:
o Adjust the sensors for sensitivity if necessary, ensuring
accurate detection of unauthorized entry.

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6. Final Assembly:
o Once tested, transfer the circuit to a PCB for a more
permanent setup (optional).
o Ensure all connections are secure and components are
properly mounted.

7. Comprehensive Testing:
o Conduct thorough testing by simulating different scenarios
(opening doors/windows) to verify system functionality.
o Ensure the alarm activates appropriately under various
conditions.

8. Documentation:
o Record the entire process, including circuit diagrams, testing
results, and any troubleshooting steps taken.

9. Presentation:
o Prepare a presentation summarizing the project, its
objectives, and outcomes.
o Include demonstrations of the functioning alarm system.

10. Feedback and Revision:

o Present the project to peers or instructors and gather
feedback.
o Make any necessary adjustments based on suggestions
received.

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### Burglar Alarm System Information:-
Overview:

A burglar alarm system is a device that is designed to detect intrusion

into any property. It acts as a deterrent and offers alert signals every time
a prospective security breach is likely to occur; this secures people's
houses and businesses from theft and acts of vandalism.

Key Components:

1. Sensors:

Magnetic Switches:

Mounts on doors and windows, these sensors keep detecting whenever

an entry point has been opened.

-Passive Infrared (PIR) Sensor: This type of sensor detects any form of
movement within an area of interest, and when it finds anyone within
that area, it sends signals to the central part to alert the breach.

2. Control Panel

This is the logic brain of an alarm system that accepts signals from
sensors and processes them accordingly.

3. Alarm Output:
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-Buzzer: When a breach is sensed, it provides an audible alert.

- Visual indicator: It offers a visual alert and is usually employed to

indicate whether the system is armed or not.

4. Power source:

An effective power source, mostly either in the form of batteries or

plugged directly into electrical outlet that keeps the system operational.

Types of Alarm Systems

Wired Systems

- Such systems utilize wires to link the sensors with the control unit.
They are more reliable compared to others but much harder to install.

- Wireless Systems: The devices communicate with each other through

radio waves, easy to install and flexible in placement.

Working System:

- A sensor being disturbed, say when the door is opened, will send an
impulse to the control unit. The control unit processes this input and
activates the alarm output in the form of a buzzer and/or LED. Some
systems may also send alerts to the mobile device or central monitoring
station.

Advantages:

- Deterrent: The presence of visible alarm systems may deter possible

intruders.

- Quick Response: There can be quick response from the property

owners or security personnel.

- Peace of Mind: There will be some security provided to the property

owners for their dwellings and valuables.
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Concerns;

- Installation: The sensor and other parts of the equipment must be

placed exactly right so that it serves the purpose.

- Maintenance: It requires a frequent check and replacement of the

battery for better performance.

False Alarms: The systems should be designed such that there are
minimal false alarms and accordingly, no panic is created and resources
are not wasted.

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### Skills Developed:-
1. Circuit Design: Ability to design and implement electronic circuits
using logic gates and sensors.
2. Troubleshooting: Enhanced skills in diagnosing and resolving issues
within circuit designs.
3.Technical Proficiency: Hands-on experience with various electronic
components, including wiring and assembly techniques.
4. Logical Thinking: Improved understanding of digital logic principles
and their application in real-world scenarios.
5. Project Management: Experience in planning, organizing, and
executing a project from start to finish.
6. Collaboration: Strengthened teamwork skills through collaborative
work and communication with peers.
7. Documentation: Ability to document design processes, testing
procedures, and outcomes effectively.
8. Presentation Skills: Enhanced ability to present technical
information clearly and confidently to an audience.

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Conclusion:-
A burglar alarm system is developed using NAND gates and the gate
circuits represent one simple practical application of digital logic for
enhanced security. This project makes sure that all basic ideas in
electronics related to circuit design, component integration as well as
trouble shooting are reinforced. Through hands-on learning, students
become adept at logical thinking, problem-solving, and the management
of projects. More so, the project is a way to prepare the student to face
challenges in the field of technology and engineering for better.
However, it is much more than answering real-life security needs.
On a general note, the experience results in the realization that electronic
systems can be designed to serve real-world needs.

References:-
Roth, C. H., & John, L. (2018). Fundamentals of Logic Design. Cengage
Learning.
Jain, R., Gupta, A., & Sharma, P. (2019). "Integrated Security Systems:
Enhancing Reliability and Performance." International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering, 10(2), 45-52.

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Kumar, S., & Singh, R. (2020). "Applications of Combinational Logic
Circuits in Security Systems." Journal of Electrical Engineering and
Automation, 2(1), 15-21.
Choudhury, A., Roy, T., & Das, S. (2021). "Educational Approaches to
Understanding Digital Logic." Journal of Engineering Education, 12(3),
211-218.
Patel, K., Mehta, J., & Shah, R. (2022). "The Evolution of Security
Technology: From Analog to Digital." Security Technology Journal,
8(4), 67-74.
Ahmed, F., Khan, M., & Ali, S. "Hands-On Learning in Electronics
Education: Project-Based Approaches." International Journal of
Educational Technology, 15(1), 34-40.

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Output:-

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