CN 112/L – Biochemistry
SGD Questions
November 25, 2024
1. Chemical digestion of dietary fats starts at the mouth. True or False? Explain your answer.
2. What is bolus in digestion? How does it help in digestion? Explain your answer.
3. What is chyme in digestion? How does it help in digestion? Explain your answer
4. What are micelles? How does it aid in lipid biochemistry and digestion? Explain your answer.
5. Two alternative names for fats.
6. What are the 3 types of lipids?
7. Describe the structure of a triglyceride.
8. What is the primary function of triacylglycerol in the body?
9. What characteristics do all lipids have in common?
10. Which specific type of lipid is found in the myelin sheath of nerve cells?
11. What is the main factor that determine the cell membrane permeability to lipids?
12. What do you call the process of attaching fatty acids to glycerol? Explain this process
13. What do you call the release of fatty acids from glycerol? Explain this process
14. What is the most common type of lipid found in food or in the body? Explain in detail this
type of lipid.
15. Define and discuss the function of phospholipids
16. What are the contents of your phospholipids?
17. Discuss and explain glycerophospholipids. What are the amino alcohols attached to it?
18. Discuss and explain sphingophospholipids.
19. Discuss and explain sphingoglycolipids.
20. TAGs can be easily absorbed by the intestinal membrane – True or False? Explain your
answer.
21. Where are bile salts stored?
22. TAGs are transported from the intestinal cell to the liver in the what form? Explain in
detail the transport of triglycerides.
23. Glycerol from lipid digestion can enter the glycolysis pathway by being converted to
which molecule? Explain your answer.
24. What is the difference between a cis fatty acid and a trans fatty acid?
25. Trans fats are a type of unsaturated fatty acids. Explain and discuss the effects of trans fats in
the body.
26. Where does activation of fatty acid occur?
27. Give the three products of the fatty acid oxidation.
28. Give the biochemical reaction used during fatty acid oxidation.
29. How many molecules of ATP is produced by fatty acid oxidation.
30. Ketone bodies are produced when there is an excess of oxaloacetate molecules – True or
False? Explain your answer.
31. This is the key molecule that bridges fat and carbohydrate metabolism.
32. Give one ketone body produced during ketogenesis.
33. This is the process of fatty acid synthesis.
34. Give two essential fatty acids.
35. How many molecules of Acetyl-CoA are produced from the complete oxidation of a 16-
carbon fatty acid?
36. How many molecules of Acetyl-CoA are produced from the complete oxidation of an 18-
carbon fatty acid?
37. How many molecules of Acetyl-CoA are produced from the complete oxidation of a 20-
carbon fatty acid?
38. What is the equivalent ATP yield from one molecule of Acetyl-CoA? Explain why this
happens.
39. Give two classes of steroid hormones derived from cholesterol.
40. What is cholesterol? Discuss and explain its uses and its primary role in the human body
41. In which organ of the body is cholesterol synthesized?
42. Explain the process of emulsification.
43. In a tabular form, compare and contrast the different lipoproteins, its origin and its
functions. (Chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL)
44. Where is HDL and LDL synthesized?
45. What is hypercholesterolemia? Explain how this occurs.
46. What are the first line medication for hyperlipidemia? What is the mechanism of action?
Give examples of these medications.
47. What is the function of your bile? Where is it secreted, concentrated, produced and
released?
48. What are the major classes of steroid hormones? Discuss and explain
49. What are the 3 subclasses of sex hormones? Discuss and explain
50. What are the 2 subclasses of adrenocorticoid hormones? Discuss and explain
51. Why does an imbalance or excessive insulin in the body lead to hyperlipidemia?
52. Excess number of ketone bodies makes the blood basic – True or False? Explain your answer.
53. What ketone body can be easily detected through a patient’s breath?
54. Where does ketogenesis occur?
55. How many loops/oxidation steps are needed to reduce a 16-carbon acyl CoA to two acetyl
CoAs?
56. Give one body conditions that upset the carbohydrate-lipid balance required for acetyl CoA.
57. Why is carnitine required for fatty acid oxidation? Explain your answer
58. In a tabular form, compare and contrast ketogenesis and ketolysis, its origin, location,
substrate, products and functions.
59. Define eicosanoids. Enumerate the types of eicosanoids and their functions.
60. Which of the following eicosanoids is synthesized from linoleic acid via the cyclooxygenase
pathway?
61. What is cholelithiasis? Explain how stones are developed.
62. What are lipid storage disorders? Why does this occur? Give examples of lipid storage
disorders.
63. What are mucopolysaccharidoses? What are examples of these?
64. What are sphingolipidoses? What are examples of these?
65. In a tabular form, compare and contrast mucopolysaccaharidoses and sphingolipidoses.
