PREFACE

The magnitude of English mastery urgency has made the author

of this book formulating guidelines provided for students. It aims making

learners to comprehend and apply what they have gotten in English class

into their lives.

Consequently, the book is composed to provide enlightenment for

early age English teachers on how English should be taught and how to

understand the children’s development process. These are efforts to

optimize the teaching learning process. This book can be utilized by

teachers who will teach English for elementary school students; parents

who will start teaching English to their children; and parties who will open

non-formal education institution.

The author is aware that this handbook is still far from

perfection and has weakness in some aspects. Therefore, criticism and

suggestion are welcomed for the improvement of this work. This

worksheet, hopefully, would give significant benefit among teachers,

students, as well as people in general who read it.

Kediri, 20th of July 2020

The Author
 CONTENT

Noun Clause ........................................................................................................ 6

Adjective Clause ............................................................................................... 10

Adverbial Clause ............................................................................................... 28

 REVIEW

Arrange these words to be a good sentence!

1. to – go – are – We – to – year – Surabaya – going – next

2. isn’t – She – presenter – gonna – the – be

3. soon – be – I – back – will

4. finish – We – before – will – project – the – lunch

5. I – to – her – going – tomorrow – am – phone – evening

6. you – are – be – at – gonna – 3 – o’clock – Where

7. is – to – visit – going – Who – Nana

8. be – I – he – think – the – won’t – leader

9. watch – They – after – will – doing – their – a – movie – homework

10. guest – sure – she – I am – be – my – will – special

Change to Passive Voice!

1. Somebody will wash their clothes tomorrow.

2. Susan will buy a new car after graduation.

3. I’ll give you 20% discount if you buy it now.

4. Are we gonna learn Spanish after school.

5. I am not going to make pizza this weekend.

4
Change to Active Voice!

6. The room will not be cleaned this morning.

7. Are the walls going to be painted by her?

8. Japanese food will be cooked by my mother.

9. The Science project is going to be finished tomorrow afternoon.

10. Cindy will be bought a new TV by her boyfriend.

5
 NOUN CLAUSE

1. Question Word

Where does she live? I don’t know where she lives.

What did he say? I don’t know what he said.

When will they go? I don’t know when they will go.

Who is she? I don’t know who she is.

Whose book is that? I don’t know whose book that is.

Who lives there? I don’t know who lives there.

What happened? I don’t know what happened.

1. (How old is he?) I don’t know……………………

2. (What was he talking about?) ……………was interesting

3. (Where do you live?) Please tell me……………..

4. (What did she say?)……………………………wasn’t true.

5. (Where are they coming?) Do you know………………………?

2.

6
 Interrogative

Whether / IF

Will she come? I don’t know whether she will come.

I don’t know if she will come.

Does he need help? I don’t know whether he needs help.

I don’t know if he needs help.

1. Does she need any help? I wonder…

2. Is he having trouble? I wonder…

3. Will people live on the moon someday? I wonder…

4. Is there life on other planets? I wonder…

5. Do we have enough time to go to Florida? I wonder…

3. Should, Can, Could => To

I don’t know what I should do.

I don’t know what to do.

Jessica asked whether she should go or stay.

Jessica asked whether to go or (to) stay.

7
 Please tell me how I can get the bus.

Please tell me how to get the bus.

John told us where we could go

John told us where to go.

1. He told me when I should come.

2. The plumber told me how I could fix the leak in the sink.

3. Please tell me where I should meet you.

4. That

THAT + S + V

He is an actor. I think (that) he is an actor.

8
 EXERCISE!

Make these question words become Noun Clause!

1. (How much does it cost?) I can’t remember……..

2. (Which one does he want?) Let’s ask him…….

3. (Who is coming to the party?) I don’t know………….

4. (Who are those people?) I don’t know………….

5. (Whose pen is this?) Do you know…………………….?

Correct these sentences!

6. Please tell me what is your name.

7. No one seems to know when will Maria arrive.

8. I wonder why was Bob late for class.

9. I don’t know what does that word mean.

10. I wonder does the teacher know the answer?

Underline the Noun Clauses!

11. When the season starts is determined by the weather.

12. No one knows where Tom went.

13. We need to know what Anna wants.

14. Do you know what Alex needs?

15. We talked about what John does.

9
 ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

1. Relative Pronoun as SUBJECT

MC: I met a girl. I met a girl who helped me.

SC: She helped me. I met a girl that helped me.

MC: The book is mine The book which is on the table is mine.

SC: It is on the table. The book that is on the table is mine.

EXERCISE!!!
1. I saw the man. He closed the door.

2. The girl is happy. She won the race.

3. The student is from China. He sits next to me.

4. The students are from China. They sit in the front row.

5. We are studying sentences. They contain adjective clauses.

2. Relative Pronoun as OBJECT

MC: The boy is Romeo. The boy who(m) I saw is Romeo.

SC: I saw him. The boy that I saw is Romeo.

The boy (~) I saw is Romeo.

MC: The movie wasn’t good. The movie which we watched wasn’t good.

SC: We watched it. The movie that we watched wasn’t good.

The movie (~) we watched wasn’t good.

10
EXERCISE!!!

1. The book was good. I read it.

2. I liked the woman. I met her at the party last night.

3. I like the composition. You wrote it.

3. Relative Pronoun as OBJECT OF

PREPOSITION
MC: She is the woman. She is the woman about whom I told you.

SC: I told you about her. She is the woman who(m) I told you about.

She is the woman that I told you about.

She is the woman (~) I told you about.

MC: The music was good. The music to which we listed last night was good.

SC: We listened to it last The music which we listed to last night was good.

night. The music that we listed to last night was good.

The music (~) we listed to last night was good.

EXERCISE!!!

1. The meeting was interesting. I went to it.

2. The man was very kind. I talked to him yesterday.

3. I must thank the people. I got a present from them.

4. The picture was beautiful. She was looking at it.

5. The man was standing over there. i was telling you about him.

11
Choose the correct answer!

1. Last week, our cat gave birth to a litter of kittens, but we didn't

know where ________

a. is our cat

b. our cat was

c. our cat is

d. was our cat

2. Now, our cat is home again, and we can't believe how many

________.

a. kittens does she have

b. kittens has she

c. she has kittens

d. kittens she has

3. The old words you see on the board, most ________ were

becoming obsolete, are now trending again.

a. where

b. of which

c. at which

d. that

12
4. The family ________ house was decorated the most beautifully

for the holidays will receive a trophy.

a. which

b. whose

c. whom

d. why

5. Can you imagine ________ ?

a. how cute they are

b. how cute are they

c. how they are cute

d. are they cute

6. The kittens are so noisy that I can hardly hear what ________.

a. are saying you

b. that you are saying

c. are saying you

d. you are saying

7. Nurses ________ truly care about their patients are very much

needed.

a. whose

b. that

c. who

13
 d. whom

8. My husband said _________ try to keep them all.

a. don't we

b. that shouldn't

c. that we shouldn't

d. that we don't

9. The cat belongs to my daughter, so my husband insisted that

________ them for adoption. (give them away)

a. she offer

b. she offers

c. she will offer

d. she must offer

10. A group of Green Peace members, many ---- love nature, are

having a fundraiser for their cause.

a. of whom

b. which

c. who

d. that

14
11. He told us ________ sad, and that it would be better for

everyone.

a. don't be

b. doesn't be

c. not be

d. not to be

12. The researchers are doing case studies of people ________

families have a history of high blood pressure and heart disease.

a. when

b. that

c. why

d. whose

13. She needed to find new homes for them, but she didn't know

whom ________ .

a. should she ask

b. she should ask

c. she ask

d. she asks

15
14. She decided _____________ post some notices around the

neighborhood.

a. that she

b. what she

c. what she would

d. that she would

15. The pyramids of Egypt, ________ were constructed more than

2,000 years ago, are listed as one of the seven wonders of the

world.

a. of which

b. that

c. which

d. where

16. Neighbors dropped by just to take a look. Everyone picked out

____________ .

a. which one he's like

b. which one he likes

c. which one he liked

d. which one they liked

16
17. One mother told her son, _______ is daily care. Can you give

that?"

a. That a pet needs

b. Which a pet needs

c. Whether a pet needs

d. If a pet needs

18. At the end of this month scientists will conduct an important

experiment, the results ____________ will be published within

6 months.

a. when

b. of which

c. of whom

d. which

19. "Adopting a kitten depends on ____________ the ability to care

for it."

a. have you

b. whether you have

c. that have you

d. if have you

20.

17
 Of course, the child agreed. Is it possible __________ the

child would not agree?

a. what

b. that

c. if

d. whether or not

21. Those ____________ refused to show proper identification

were not allowed into the building.

a. that

b. who

c. which

d. whom

22. He likes shopping between one and three o'clock,

____________ most people are at work.

a. when

b. which

c. during which

d. where

23.

18
 _________ happened. All but two of the kittens were

adopted. (but – except)

a. That we wanted

b. What we wanted

c. Which we wanted

d. What do we want

24. At the conference, professor will describe the basic process

____________ cotton thread is made.

a. why

b. which

c. by which

d. where

25. I left my son at the campus day-care, ____________ is

available to all full-time students with young children.

a. When

b. where

c. that

d. which

19
Look for the error!

1. Why do you find it so hard to believe what am I telling you?

2. She couldn't believe what had he asked her.

3. It bothers me don't you believe me.

4. I really don't know what should I do.

5. I'm not sure does he feel the same way about me.

6. He asked me what did my father tell me.

7. My mother wanted to know how was I feeling.

8. I really don't know how could she have found out.

9. The professor will tell us what are we supposed to do..

10. Where do I go is noone's business but my own.

Translate into English!

1. Andy adalah seorang murid yang tau jawabannya.

2. Apakah kamu melihat lukisan yang aku beli di Paris?

3. Ini adalah jembatan yang menghubungan pulau-pulau itu.

4. Ada beberapa anak yang tidak bisa pergi ke sekolah.

5. Restoran Itali yang aku datangi tadi malam memiliki makanan

penutup yang terbaik.

20
 4. Relative Pronoun as Possessive => WHOSE
MC: I know the man. I know the man whose bicycle was stolen.

SC: His bicycle was stolen.

MC: The student writes well. The student whose composition I read

SC: I read her composition. writes well.

MC: Mr. Aiz has a painting. Mr. Aiz has a painting whose value is

SC: Its value is inestimable. inestimable.

EXERCISE!!!
1. I know a man. His last name is Goose.

2. I apologized to the woman. I spilled her coffee.

3. The man called the police. His wallet was stolen.

4. I met the woman. Her husband is the president of the

corporation.

5. The professor is excellent. I am talking her course.

5. Relative Pronoun showing place => WHERE

MC: The building is very old. The building where he lives is very old.

SC: He lives there (in that The building in which he lives is very old.

building) The building which he lives in is very old.

The building that he lives in is very old.

The building (~) he lives in is very old.

21
EXERCISE!!!

1. The city was beautiful. We spent our vacation there (in that city).
2. That is the restaurant. I will meet you there (at that restaurant).

6. Relative Pronoun showing time => WHEN

MC: I will never forget the day. I will never forget the day when I met you.

SC: I met you (on that day) I will never forget the day on which I met you.

I will never forget the day that I met you.

I will never forget the day (~) I met you.

EXERCISE!!!
1. Monday is the day. We will come then (on that day).

2. 7:05 is the time. My plane arrives then (at that time).

7. Relative Pronoun of Quantity (of) =>

WHOM, WHICH, WHOSE
Kinds: some of, many of, many of, most of, none of, two of, half of, both of, neither of,

each of, all of, several of, a few of, little of, a number of etc

MC: There are 20 students. There are 20 students, most of whom are

SC: Most of them are from Java. from Java.

MC: He gave several reasons He gave several reasons, only a few of which

SC: Only few of them were valid. were valid.

MC: The teachers discussed Jim. The teachers discussed Jim, one of whose

SC: One of his problems was poor problems was poor study habit.

study habit.

22
EXERCISE!!!

1. The city has sixteen schools. Two of them are junior colleges.

2. Last night the orchestra played three symphonies. One of them

was Beethoven’s seventh.

8. NOUN OF WHICH
MC: We have an antique table. We have an antique table, the top of

SC: The top of it has jade inlay. which has jade inlay.

EXERCISE!!!
1. We toured a 300-year-old house. The exterior of the house
consisted of logs cemented with clay.
2. They own an original Picasso painting. The value of the painting is
more than a million dollars.

9. WHICH to modify a whole sentence

MC: Tom was late. Tom was late, which surprised

SC: That surprised me. me.

MC: The elevator is out of order. The elevator is out of order,

SC: This is too bad. which is too bad.

23
EXERCISE!!!

1. Max isn’t home yet. That worries me.

2. My roommate never picks up after herself. This irritates me.

3. Mrs. Anderson responded to my letter right away. I appreciated

that very much.

EXERCISE 5-6!!!

1. That is the class. The accident occurred there.

2. There was a time. Movies cost a dime then.

3. A cafe is a small restaurant. People can get a light meal there.

4. Every neighborhood in Brussels has small cafes. Customers drink

coffee and eat pastries there.

5. There was a time. Dinosaurs dominated the earth then.

10. PUNCTUATION of Adjective Clause

The teacher who teaches Grammar is Mr. Herry, who teaches Grammar, is

the best. the best.

The student who is a smart girl helps Icha, who is a smart girl, helps us.

us.

11.

24
 REDUCING Adjective Clause to Adjective
Phrase
ADEJCTIVE CLAUSE ADJECTIVE PHRASE

The man who is talking to John is from The man talking to John is from

Korea. Korea.

English has alphabet that consists of 26 English has alphabet consisting of

letters 26 letters

Anyone who wanted to come is welcome. Anyone wanting to come is welcome.

The ideas which are presented are The ideas presented are good.

good

Ann is the woman who is responsible. Ann is the woman responsible.

The books that are on the table are The books on the table are mine.

mine.

Paris, which is the capital city of Paris, the capital city of France, is

France, is beautiful beautiful. (appositive)

Reduce these Adjective Clause!

1. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.

2. They live in a house that was built in 1890.

3. We have an apartment which overlooks the park.

4. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting

wet.

25
 5. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the

country.

6. Do you know the woman who is coming toward us?

7. The children who attend that school receive a good education.

8. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of

the page.

9. There is almost no end to the problems that face a head of state.

10. Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way.

Look for the errors!

1. One of the people which I admire most is my uncle.

2. Baseball is the only sport in which I am interested in it.

3. My favourite teacher, Mr. Chu, he was always willing to help me

after class.

4. It is important to be polite to people who lives in the same

building.

5. She lives in a hotel is restricted to senior citizens.

Combine these sentences by using adjective clause!

1. A new shirt didn’t fit. He bought it there.

2. The man is standing over there. Ann brought him to the party.

26
3. I have to call the man. I accidentally picked up his umbrella after

the meeting.

4. The dogcatcher caught the dog. It had bitten my neighbor’s

daughter.

5. The miser hid his money in a place. It was safe from robbers

there.

6. Algebra problems contain letters. They stand for unknown

numbers.

7. Summer is the time of the year. The weather is the hottest then.

8. The people were friendly. I spoke to them.

9. After the riot, over one hundred people were taken to the

hospital. Many of them had been innocent bystanders.

10. I read about a man. He keeps chickens in his apartment.

11. The house was destroyed in an earthquake ten years ago. I was

born and grew up there.

12. My country is dependent upon its income from coffee. The price

of coffee varies according to fluctuation in the world marker.

13. I returned the money. I had borrowed it from my roommate.

14. There came a time. The miser had to spend his money then.

15. I live in a dormitory. Its residents come from many countries.

27
 ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
1. Time
after As When By the time (that)

before once while Every time

until Since whenever As soon as

1. He closed the windows when it began to rain.

2. She cried after I left her.

3. They will love you until you die.

2. Cause and Effect

Because Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.

He went to be because he was sleepy.

Now that (because Now that the class is done, I’m going to take

now) a trip.

Since (because) Since it is Sunday, we don’t have to work.

1. We can go swimming every day. The weather is warm. (now that)

2. You paid for the theater tickets. Please let me pay for our dinner.

(since)

3. Our TV set was broken. We listened to the news on the radio.

(because)

28
 3. Contrast: EVEN THOUGH
Because (expected Because the weather was cold, I didn’t go

result) swimming.

Even though (unexpected Even though the weather was cold, I went

result) swimming.

1. Tim is healthy………….…he doesn’t get much exercise.

2. Larry is healthy……….……….….he gets a lot of exercise.

3. I put on my sunglasses………….……...the sun was bright.

4. Joe speaks Spanish well…………..……….he lived in Mexico.

4. Contrast: WHILE and WHEREAS

While Marry is rich, while John is poor.

Whereas Marry is rich, whereas John is poor.

1. Some people are tall, whereas others are………

2. (Intelligent/ thin/ short/ large)

3. A box is square, whereas…….

4. (a rectangle has four sides/ my village has a town square in the

center/ we use envelopes for letters/ a circle is round)

29
 5. REDUCING
Adverbial clause Adverbial Phrase

Since Maria came to the party, she Since coming to the party, Maria had

had made many friends. made many friends

While I was walking on the street, I While walking on the street, I saw a

saw a dog. dog.

(while, because) Walking on the street. I saw a dog.

Reduce these adverbial clause!

1. Before I came to class, I had a cup of coffee.

2. Since I came here, I have learned a lot of English.

3. Alex hurt his back while he was chopping wood.

4. Because Sam didn’t want to hurt her feelings, he didn’t tell her

the bad news.

5. Because the little boy believed that no one loved him, he ran away

from home.

6. Before I talked to you, I had never understood that formula.

7. After I read the chapter four times, I finally understood the

author’s theory.

8. Because Chelsea is a vegetarian, she does not eat meat.

9. You should always read a contract before you sign your name.

10. Since Bob opened his new business, he has been working 16 hours

a day.

30
 Final Result

Choose the correct answers!

1. I often wonder _______ he is getting on.

a. what

b. how

c. that

2. I want to know _______ she is angry with me.

a. that

b. why

c. where

3. He asked me _______ I knew his name.

a. if

b. that

c. unless

4. She said _______ she would not come.

a. if

b. that

c. whether

31
5. I feel _______ I will fail.

a. that

b. what

c. were

6. I thought _______ she would arrive.

a. that

b. what

c. who

7. _______ you should cheat me hurts me.

a. What

b. That

c. Why

8. I don’t know _______ I can get out of this mess.

a. that

b. how

c. which

9. I don’t know _______ he wants.

a. that

b. what

c. if

32
10. I went to see _______ had happened.

a. how

b. that

c. what

11. Pay careful attention to _______ I am going to say.

a. that

b. what

c. how

12. The professional _______ doesn't follow ethics can not be

considered a professional.

a. Who

b. Who he

c. Whose

13. What do you do when you are at a party _______ don't know

people very well?

a. Where

b. Where you

c. Who you

33
14. I always remember the times _______ my family and I spent

Christmas together.

a. When

b. Where

c. Who

15. Do you know where I can take the bus _______ goes to Saint

Peter Cathedral?

a. Which

b. When

c. Who

16. There are a couple personality traits _______ would like to

change about me. I am too moody and sometimes I am easily

distracted.

a. That

b. That I

c. Which

34
17. Steven Spielberg movies, _______ have seen, are very well

thought stories with a lot of excitement and sympathetic

characters.

a. Most of whose movies

b. Most of which I

c. Most of who I

18. Martha told me that the place _______ stayed last vacation was

really wonderful and that we should go there.

a. Where

b. Which

c. Where she

19. Hachiko is the story of a lost dog that is found by chance by a

man _______ he develops a strong link that certainly shows how

lovely and attached dogs can be to their owners.

a. With whom

b. With what

c. With which

20. The man _______ received that recommendation letter works

for the government.

a. Who she

b. From whom she

35
 c. To whom she

21. My friends who are studying in Italy will be at the party.

a. My friends who studying in Italy will be at the party.

b. My friends studying in Italy will be at the party.

c. My studying in Italy friends will be at the party.

22. The man who was handsome worked in Hollywood.

a. The man handsome worked in Hollywood.

b. The man who handsome worked in Hollywood.

c. The handsome man worked in Hollywood.

23. The students who study at our school come from all over the

world.

a. The studying students at our school from all over the

world.

b. The students studying at our school come from all over

the world.

c. The studying at our school students come from all over

the world.

24. The cake that was selected came from an Italian bakery.

a. The that selected cake came from an Italian bakery.

b. The cake selected came from an Italian bakery.

36
 c. The cake was selected came from an Italian bakery.

25. Seattle, which is famous for its seafood, is a beautiful city.

a. Seattle famous for it's seafood is a beautiful city.

b. Seattle, famous for its seafood, is a beautiful city.

c. Seattle is famous for its seafood is a beautiful city.

26. The towels that are on the chair can be used in the club showers.

a. The on the chair towels can be used in the club showers.

b. The towels on the chair can be used in the club showers.

c. The chaired towels can be used in the club showers.

27. The men that are working on the project come from India.

a. The men working on the project come from India.

b. The working men on the project come from India.

c. The working on the project men come from India.

28. Tom, who was responsible for sales, made the presentation.

a. Tom sales responsible made the presentation.

b. Tom responsible for sales made the presentation.

c. Tom, responsible for sales, made the presentation.

29.

37
 The telephone which is on the desk is broken.

a. The on the desk telephone is broken.

b. The telephone on the desk is broken.

c. The telephone desk is broken.

30. The bicycle which was featured was made by Bianchi.

a. The featured bicycle was made by Bianchi.

b. The was featured bicycle made by Bianchi.

c. The made Bianchi bicycle was featured.

Combine the sentences!

1. She worked for a man (the man used to be an athlete)

2. They called a lawyer (the lawyer lived nearby)

3. I sent an email to my brother (my brother lives in Australia)

4. The customer liked the waitress (the waitress was very friendly)

5. We broke the computer (the computer belonged to my father)

6. I dropped a glass (the glass was new)

7. She loves books (the books have happy endings)

8. They live in a city (the city is in the north of England)

9. The man is in the garden (the man is wearing a blue jumper)

10. The girl works in a bank (the girl is from India)

11. My sister has three children (my sister lives in Australia)

38
 12. The waiter was rude (the waiter was wearing a blue shirt)

13. The money is in the kitchen (the money belongs to John)

14. The table got broken (the table was my grandmother's)

15. The television was stolen (the television was bought 20 years ago)

Translate into English!

1. Seorang dokter yang ingin aku temui sedang sakit.

2. Aku bertemu seorang gading yang mengambil HPmu.

3. Dia membeli sebuah mobil yang dia sukai.

4. Aku sering membeli keju yang diiport dari Paris.

5. Mereka memanggil polisi yang bekerja di Surabaya.

39