ANÁLISIS MATEMÁTICO (Grados en ECO Y ENI)
UAH - Departamento de Economía 1
Matrix Sheet 2A
1. Let A, B be square matrixes of size n. Analyze if it is true that:
a) AB = BA b) ( A + B )( A − B ) = A 2 − B 2
c) ( A + B ) = A 2 + 2 AB + B 2 d) A n · A m = A n + m = A m · A n
2
2. Solve these ecuations:
X + 2Y = A 1 1 2 −1
a) AX = B b) XA = B c)* ; siendo A = y B =
2 X − Y = B 3 6 0 − 4
1 1
3. Calculate A 2 , A3 , A 4 y A5 , being A the matrix A = .
0 1
50
Could you guess what is the rule to get A and, in general, An ?
1 2 2 0
4. Calculate the n-power of the matrixes: A = ; B =
0 3 0 5
1 − 1
− 2 − 1 1
5. Let the matrixes A = y B = 2 0 .
− 1 0 1 − 2 1
a) Calculate the matrix C = B · A − A · B .
t t
4
b) *Calculate the matriz X that A·B· X = .
2
1 2
6. (Sydsaeter, prob. 3 de pág. 327). Calculate all the matrixes B so they commute with A =
2 3
in the sense that AB = BA.
1 2 a b
7. *Given the matrix A = , find all the matrixes that P = so AP = PA.
0 1 c d
8. (Sydsaeter, prob. 7 de pág. 332). A square matrix A is called idempotent sii A · A = A.
2 − 2 − 4
a) Show that the matrix is idempotent: A = − 1 3 4
1 − 2 − 3
n
b) Show that if A is idempotent, then A = A for all positive integer n.
c) *Show that if AB = A y BA = B, then A y B are idempotents.
9. (Sydsaeter, prob. 7 de pág. 334) A square matrix P is called orthogonal iif Pt · P = I.
r 0 r
a) Show that if r = 1 / 2 , then the the matrix P is orthogonal: P = r 0 − r .
0 1 0
p − q
b) *Show that the matrix Q = is orthogonal iif p2 + q2 = 1.
q p
ANÁLISIS MATEMÁTICO (Grados en ECO Y ENI)
UAH - Departamento de Economía 2
Matrix Sheet 2A
c) *Show that the product of two orthogonal matrixes of the same size is orthogonal.
10. *If two square matrixes, A y B, of size n × n, are similarity matrixes if there is one inverse
matrix, P, so that B = P–1AP, where P–1 is the inverse matrix of P. Show if the matrix are similar
1 2 1 0
A = y B = .
0 1 0 − 1
11. (Sydsaeter, prob. 1 de pág. 374) Calculate the rank of the matrixes:
1 2 −1 3
1 2 1 3 4
A = B = C = 2 4 −4 7
8 16 2 0 1 −1 − 2 −1 − 2
2 1
1 2
12. Given the matrixes A = y B = 3 1 , show that (B· A)t = At ·B t .
5 3 0 6
1 2
1 2 2
13. Given the matrixes A = 2 1 y B = :
2 2 2 1 2
a) Calculate C = A · B y D = B · A.
x 0
b) *Solve the equation system C · y = 0 .
z 0
5 2 0 a b 0
14. *Given A = 2 5 0 y B = c c 0 , find the solution to conditions for a, b, c so that
0 0 1 0 0 1
AB = BA.
2 1 4 20
15. Consider the matrix A = y B = .
3 − 1 16 5
a) Calculate A2 y (A2)–1.
b) Solve X in the matrix equation A2 X = B.
c) Calculate X.
x 1 0 1
16. Given the matrixes A = , B = and I the identity matrix of size 2.
1 x + 1 1 1
a) Find the value of x so B 2 = A .
b) Find the value of x so A − I = B −1 .
c) Find the value of x so A·B = I .
(Exercises with (*) are voluntary and could be asked by the lecturer)
ANÁLISIS MATEMÁTICO (Grados en ECO Y ENI)
UAH - Departamento de Economía 3
Matrix Sheet 2A
Solutions and indications:
1 1 1 0
1. (a) it is false, for example, it is not true for A = y B =
2 2 1 0
(b) y (c) they are false for the same reason. (d) it is true.
4 − 2 / 3 5 −1 1 − 1/ 5 0 3/ 5
2. a) X = ; b) X = ; c) X = ; Y =
− 2 − 1/ 3 4 − 4 / 3 3 / 5 − 2 / 5 6 / 5 16 / 5
1 n
3. A n =
0 1
1 3 n − 1 n 2 n 0
4. A n = ; B =
n 0 5n
0 3
0 3 − 3
− 2 / 3
5. a) C = − 3 0 0 . b) X =
3 0 0 0
a − b b
6.
b a
a b
7. P =
0 a
8. a) Show that A·A=A; b) Using the properties of the power; c) Substituting AB in the definition
of idempotent matrix.
9. a) Show that the definition of ortogonal matrix is verified; b) Calculate Qt·Q=I; c) AB is
orthogonal ⇔ (AB)t·(AB) = I
10. They are not similarity matrixes.
11. 1; 2; 2.
5 4 6 x = −2t
9 8
13. C = 4 5 6 ; D = b) y = −2t
6 6 8 8 9 z = 3t
14. a = b = c.
4 / 25 − 1 / 25
7 1
15. a) A 2 = ( )−1
; A 2 = ( )
−1 0 3
. b) X = A 2 B . c) X =
3 4 − 3 / 25 7 / 25 4 − 1
16. a) x = 1. b) x = 0. c) x = −1.
