UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS 9

Definition of Management – Science or Art – Manager Vs Entrepreneur - types of managers -

managerial roles and skills – Evolution of Management – Scientific, human relations , system and
contingency approaches – Types of Business organization - Sole proprietorship, partnership,
company-public and private sector enterprises - Organization culture and Environment – Current
trends and issues in Management.

1. Distinguish between management& administration. (April/May 2015) (Nov/Dec2014)

(Nov/Dec2015)

S.No Administration Management

1 It is higher level functions It is lower level functions
2 It refers the owners of the It refers the employees
organization
3 Administration is concerned with the Management is concerned with the execution
decision making of decision
4 It acts through management It acts through organization

2. What is scientific management?(Nov/Dec2006) (April/May 2008)

Scientific management involves specific method of determination of facts through observation.
The concept of scientific management was introduced by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the USA
in the beginning of 20th century. It was further carried on by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Henry
Gantt, etc. It was concerned essentially with improving the operational efficiency at the shop
floor level.“Scientific Management is concerned with knowing exactly what you want men to do
and then seeing that they do it best and cheapest way”.

3. Define “Joint sector unit”.(Nov’09,May’10)

Joint stock company/unit is association of many persons who contribute money worth to
common stock and explain source trade and also share the profit and losses.
4. What are the various functions of management? Nov/Dec2017) (Nov/Dec2012)
(May/June2016)

• Planning
• Organizing
• Staffing
• Leading or Direction or Coordination
• Controlling

5. Define Management (May/June 2016) (April/May2017) (Nov/Dec2012) (Nov/Dec2014)

According to KOONTZ & WEIHRICH, “Management is the process of designing and
maintaining of an environment in which individuals working together in groups efficiently
accomplish selected aims”.
“Management is the art of getting things through and with people in formally organized groups”.
Ex: Human Resource Management, Financial Management.
6. What is meant by Esprit De corps?(May/June 2009)
The organization is centralized when the power is concentrated with one person. If the
power is fully distributed to the subordinates of the organization, it is called decentralization.
7. Mention the role of Managers?(April/May2011) (Nov/Dec2016)
Interpersonal roles
1. Figurehead role
2. The leader role
3. The liaison role
Informational roles
4. The recipient role
5. The disseminator role
6. The spokesperson role
Decision roles
7. The entrepreneurial role
8. The disturbance-handler role
9. The resource allocator role
10. The negotiator role

8. Name the different levels of Management?(May/June 2012)

• Top-level management
• Middle level management
• Lower level management

9. Who is known as father of modern operations management theory? (May/June2012)

(Nov/Dec 15)
Henri fayol is called “ Father of modern operation theory”

10. Name the types of business organization? (May/June2012)

The various forms of organization are as follows:
1.Sole proprietorship
2.Partnership
3.Joint Stock company
4.Co-operative
11 .Define a administration?(Nov/Dec2007) (May/June 2013)
According to E.F.Breech “Administration is that part of management which is concerned
with the installation and carrying out of the procedure by which the programme is laid
down and communicated and the progress of activities is resulted and checked against
plans. This breech concerns administration as a part of management”
12 .What is globalization? (May/June2013)
Doing business without geographical boundaries is known as globalization.
1. Explain controlling process in detail.
2. Explain the types of controlling system.
3. Discuss the types of budget.
13.What are the characteristics of management?(MAY 2015)
*Management is a continuous process.
*Managers use the resources of the organization both physical as well as human
to achieve the goals.
*Management aims acts in achieving the organization goals by ensuring the
effective use of resources.
14 . What are the function performed by low level manager?(Nov/Dec 13)
1. Technician
2. Analyser/Researcher
3. Controller
15. Give the current trends in management. (Nov/Dec 16)
1.Work force diversity 2.Changing demographics of workforce
3.Changing employee expectations. 4.Internal environment
5. Technological advances. 6. Changing Psycho-social system
16. What is an organizational culture? (April/May2017)
Organizational culture is a system of informal rules that spells how people have to behave
most of the time.

PART B

1. Explain the Henry Fayol’s management theory.[A.U-May’04,Dec’06,June’07,May’08 and May’10]

(May/June 2016)
2. What are the major functions of management explain? (Nov/Dec 2007,May 2009,11,12)
(April/May2017)
3. Enumerate the trends and challenges of management in globalised era.
(Nov/dec2012,May ‘13,May’14)
4. Explain the types of business organization. (Nov/Dec 2011] (Nov/Dec2015)( Nov/Dec2016)
(April/May2017) (Nov/Dec2016)
5. Describe whether management is a science or an art[AU’May’10,Dec’06] (May/June 2016)
6. Explain the different roles of manager. (May/June 2016) (April/May2017)
7.Describe about the evaluation of management thought. ( Nov/Dec2016) (May/June 2016)
 UNIT II PLANNING 9

Nature and purpose of planning – planning process – types of planning – objectives –

setting objectives – policies – Planning premises – Strategic Management – Planning
Tools and Techniques – Decision making steps and process.

PART A

1. What do you mean by strategy? (Nov/Dec2006/2012) (May/June2009)

A strategy may be defined as special type of plan prepared for meeting the challenges posted
by the activities of competitors and other environment forces.

2. Define Decision making. ?(MAY 2015)

Decision Making is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives. It is a
core of planning. A plan cannot be said to exist unless a decision – a commitment of resources,
direction or reputation has been made. Until that point, there is only planning studies and
analysis
3. What is MBO? (April/May2008/2011) (Nov/Dec2016)
MBO is the process whereby supervisor and subordinate managers of an enterprise
jointly identify its common goals, define each individuals major areas of responsibility in terms
of results expected of him, and use these measures as guides for operating the unit and the
contribution of each of its member is assessed.
4. List any four quantitative forecasting techniques (April/May2008)
*Failure to give guidelines to goals setters.
*Difficulty in setting goals.
*Time consuming
*Increased paper work
5. Define the term planning premises’ (Nov/Dec2015) (May/June 2009)
Planning premises are defined as the anticipated environment in which plans are expected
to operate. They include assumptions or forecasts of the future & known conditions that will
effects the operation of plans.
6. Distinguish between strategy and policy(May/June2007) (Nov/Dec2015)
Strategy of an organization is the programme of action and deployment of resources to
attain its objectives.
Policies are general statements or understandings which provide guidance in decision
making to various mangers.
7. What is the purpose of planning(Nov/Dec’11)(Apr/May 2017)
1.It helps in achieving objectives
2.it helps in coordination
3.it guides in decision making
4.it inverses organizational effectiveness.
8. List different types of plans(Nov/Dec2012)(May/June2012)
1.Standing plan 2.Single use
*Mission or purpose *Programmes
*Objectives *Budgets
*Strategies *Schedules
*Policies *Methods
*Procedures *Projects
*Rules

9. Define strategic planning (May/June 2012)

Strategic planning is the basic plan shown to achieve objectives by relating the
organization to its external environment.
10. What is mission? (Nov/Dec2007)
Mission may be defines as a statement which defines the role that an organization plays in the
society.
11.Define corporate planning. (Nov/Dec2014)
Corporate planning denotes planning activities at the top level , also known as corporate
level which cover the entire organizational activities. The main focus of this process is long term
objective of the organization.
12.Write short notes on policy making. (Nov/Dec2014) (Nov/Dec2016)
Policies are general statements be understandings which guide or channel thinking and
decision making.
13.What are the objectives of planning? (May/June 2013) (May/June 2016)
*It is the primary function of organization
*It helps in decision making
*It helps in achieving objectives
*It helps in coordination
14. Name any four quantitative forecasting techniques? (May/June 2013)
a. Jury of execution opinion
b. Delphi method
c. Simple moving average
d. Weighted moving average
15.What is the necessity of organization? (Nov/Dec 2013)
a. Facilitate management action
b. Encourage efficiency
c. Effect on communication process
d. Create job satisfaction
e. Stimulate creativity
16.List the steps in decision making process(Apr/May 2017)
1.Identification of problem
2.Diagnosis and analysis the problem.
3.Search for alternatives.
4.Evaluation of alternatives.
5.Selecting an alternatives.
6.Implementation and follow up.
PART B
1. What is planning? Explain the steps involved in planning.(May’12,’13,’14 and more times)
(Apr/May 2017) (Nov/Dec2015) (Nov/Dec2016)
2. Explain briefly the benefits and weakness of MBO. (May’09,May’11 and more times)
(Nov/Dec2015)
3. Define Forecasting. Explain the various forecasting techniques used for decision making process
(Nov/Dec2016) (Nov’09,May’12 and more times )
4. Explain the process of decision making with the help of an example.
(May’11,May’13 and more times)
5. Describe the different objectives of planning. (May/June 2016)(Dec’06,May’09)
6. Discuss the factors for strategies policies and planning premises.(Nov’05) (Nov/Dec2015)
7. Describe the various types of decision making process (Nov/Dec 2016) (May ’10,May’12)
(Apr/May 2017)
 UNIT III ORGANISING 9

Nature and purpose – Formal and informal organization – organization chart –

organization structure – types – Line and staff authority – departmentalization –
delegation of authority – centralization and decentralization – Job Design - Human
Resource Management – HR Planning, Recruitment, selection, Training and
Development, Performance Management , Career planning and management.

PART A
1. What is Decentralization? (Nov/Dec2007) (Nov/Dec2012) (May/June2016)

Centralization means that authority for most decisions is concentrated at the top of the
managerial hierarchy whereas decentralization requires such authority to be dispersed by
extension and delegation through all levels of management. Actually, these terms denote
different degree of delegation of authority.
2. Define staffing? (Nov/Dec2007) (Nov/Dec2014)
Staffing is the part of the management process which is concerned with the procurement,
utilization, maintenance and development of a large satisfied work force in the organization.
3. What is meant by delegation of authority?(April/May2008) (Nov/Dec2015)
(May/June2007)
Delegation of authority is a process which enables a person to assign works to others and
delegate them with adequate to do it.
4. What do you understand by the term span of management?(May/June2007)
Span of control means the number of people managed effectively by single superior in an
organization. The term span of management is also known as span of supervision, span of
authority and span of responsibility. But the span of management is a better term because control
and supervision are elements of management.

5. Distinguish between authority and power? (May/June2007)

Power is the ability of individuals or groups to induce r influence the beliefs or actions of other
persons or groups.
Authority in organization is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decisions and
affecting others.
6 .What is span of management?(May/June2009)
Span of control means the number of people managed effectively by single superior in an
organization. The term span of management is also known as span of supervision, span of
authority and span of responsibility. But the span of management is a better term because control
and supervision are elements of management.
7 .Define organizing? (April/May2011) (May/June 2013) (May/June 2016)
Organizing refers to the formal grouping of people and activities facilitate achievement of the
firm’s objectives. Organizing may be defined as the process of
i) Identifying and classifying the required activities i.e. Job Design
ii) Grouping the work to be performed i.e., Departmentation
iii) Defining and delegating responsibility and authority i.e. Delegation of authority
iv) Span of Control
8 .Mention any two merits of performance appraisal?(April/May2011)
*Increased motivation and job satisfaction.
*Clear understanding of what is expected and what needs to be done to meet
expectations.
*Improved working relationship with superior.
*Opportunity to overcome the weakness by way of counseling and Guidance from the
superior.

9.What is meant by delegation? (May/June2012)

Delegation is a primary formal mechanism by which the network of authority relationship
is established. Simply, the delegation means assigning work to others and giving them authority
to do it.
10 .What are the limitations of quantitative approach to management? (Nov/Dec 2013)
The main limitation of the quantitative approach is that many management problems
associated with human behavior cannot be solved problems.
11. Why is organizing important. ?(MAY 2015)
Effective organizing focuses on finding mistakes in present organizing and avoiding such
mistakes by proper planning. Effective organizing avoids the organizational inflexibility and it
makes the staff work effectively by avoiding conflicts by clarification.
12. Define authority. (Nov/Dec2014)
Authority is the right to command. According to Henry Fayol”Authority is the right to
give orders and the power to exact obedience”
12. What do you understand by assessment centers.(Apr’15)
Assessment centers are where groups of trained evaluators use multiple assessment
techniques and pool their data to judge candidates suitability for promotion.
13. What are the program decision?( Nov/Dec 2013)
Programmed decisions are routine and repetitive and are made within the framework of
organizational policies and rules. These policies and rules are established well in advance to
solve recurring problems in the organization.
14. What are the advantages of decentralization? (May/June 2013)
(a) It reduces burden of the management
(b) Attention on strategic management
(c) If encourages the decision making
(d) It facilitates the growth and diversified.
15. What are the sources of recruitment?(Nov/Dec2012)
Every organization has the option of choosing the candidates for its recruitment process
from two kinds of sources: Internal and external sources.
16. Define departmentation.(Nov/Dec 2016)
Departmentation is a process of dividing the large monolithic functional organization into
small and flexible administrative units.
17.What is performance appraisal. (Nov/Dec 2016)
Performance appraisal evaluates the performance of worker regarding his potential for
development.
18.Why performance management is important?(Apr/May 2017)
1.wages and salaries may be fixed on the basis of appraisal.
2.Promotion, transfers and demotions of employees on the basis of appraisal.

PART B
1. Compare line and staff authority. (May,12,May’14)
2. How would you use the concept of decentralization in an organization .
(May ’11,May’12)(Nov/Dec2016)
3. Explain the line organization with a neat sketch.(May’12) (May/June 2016)
4. Define span management. Discuss about the factors determining an effective span of management.
(Nov/Dec2015) (May’11,May’13 and more times)
5. Explain the procedures involved in the selection process? (April/May2017)
(May’14,Dec’14 And more times)
6. Describe the various bases for departmentation and suggest a scheme of departmentation for large
Marketing organization with afield network all over the country.(May’13,dec’14)(Nov/Dec 2016)
7. What are the steps involved in the process of delegation?(May’11)
8. Explain how formal organization is different from informal organization illustrate.
(May’11,May’12 and more times)
9. Explain the different types of organizational structure followed by the companies. (April/May2017)
(May’11,Dec’11)
10. Explain any four methods of performance appraisal (Dec’12) (Nov/Dec2015)
11. Explain in detail nature and purpose of organization. (May/June 2016)
UNIT IV DIRECTING 9

Foundations of individual and group behavior – motivation – motivation theories –

motivational techniques – job satisfaction – job enrichment – leadership – types and
theories of leadership –communication – process of communication – barrier in
communication – effective communication –communication and IT.

PART A

1. What do you mean by job enrichment?(May/June2012) (April/May2017)

Building into jobs a higher sense of challenge and achievement. (Or) Job enrichment is therefore
based on the assumption that in order to motivate personnel, the job itself must provide
opportunities for the achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement and growth
2. Mention the elements of directing?(May/June2012)
1. Leadership
2. Motivation
3. Communication
3. List the components of communication process?(May/June 2012)
1. Sender
2. Communication Channels
3. Symbols
4. Receiver
5. Noise and feedback in communication
4. Define motivation? (Nov/Dec2012) (May/June 2009) (April/May2011)
Motivation is a general term applying to the entire class of drives, desires, needs wishes
and similar forces which induce an individual or a group of people to work.
5. Who is leader?(Nov/Dec2012)
Leader is one who makes his subordinates to do willingly what he wants .The efforts of
subordinates are to be channelized in the right direction. As leaders, they are not only the
responsible for directing their subordinates but also responsible for the achieving goals of the
organization.
6. Distinguish between creativity and innovation? (May/June 2007) (Nov/Dec2006)
Creativity is defined as the ability to produce new and useful ideas through the
combination of known principles and components in novel and non-obvious ways. Creativity
exists throughout the population largely independent of age, sex and education.
Innovation means the use of creative ideas. It is not only relevant to high-tech enterprises
but also crucial for old-line, traditional companies, which may not service without the infusion of
innovation. Ex: A new product or a service.
7 .Mention the various types of leadership styles?(May/June 2009) (May/June 2016)
(Nov/Dec2015)
1. Autocratic or Dictatorial leadership
2. Participative or Democratic leadership
3. Laissez – faire or Free – rein leadership
8 .Define noise in communication?(April/May2008) (April/May2016)
Generally , Communication is affected by noise at any stage. It may be the sender, the
transmission or the receiver stage. If anyone is affected, the proper communication will not reach
the receiver. To ensure effective communication , we have to provide noiseless environment.

9 .What is power motive?(Nov/Dec2007)

Intrinsic motivation is called power motive. Intrinsic motivation is available at the time of
performance of work. These motivation provide a satisfaction during the performance of the
work itself. Some of the intrinsic motivations are praise, recognition, responsibility, esteem,
power, status, participation etc.
10 .Give the meaning of social need?(Nov/Dec2007)
Social needs are for love, friendship , exchange of feelings and grievances, recognition,
conversation, belongings, companionship etc. Social needs tend to be stronger for some people
than for others and stronger in certain situations.
11 .List the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?(Nov/Dec2006) (Nov/Dec2016)
1. Physiological needs
2. Safe needs
3. Social needs
4. Esteem needs
12 .What is mean by brain storming? (May/June 2013)
Brainstorming is an excellent way of developing many creative solutions to a problem. It
works by focusing on a problem, and then coming up with very many radical solutions to it.
13 .What are the different types of management strategies involved in leadership?
(May/ June 2013)
1. Exploitative-autocratic
2. Benevolent autocratic
3. Consultative democratic
4. Democratic participative.
14. Write short notes on laissez faire leadership. (MAY 2015)(Nov/Dec2014)

Complete freedom is given to the subordinates so that they plan, motivate, control and
otherwise be responsible for their own actions.

15. Write short notes on elements of communication. (MAY 2015) (Nov/Dec2014)

1. Sender 2. Communication Channels 3. Symbols 4. Receiver
5. Noise and feedback in communication
16. What is effective communication? (Nov/Dec2016)
If the message sent by the sender to the receiver is understood by the receiver in the same
sense, it is called effective communication.
17. What is personality? (April/May2017)
the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual's distinctive character.
PART B
1. Explain the types of formal organizational communication.(May’13)(nov’11)
2. Explain how motivation helps an organization to improve productivity? [AUNov’05](Apr’15)(Nov’14)
3. What are the barriers to effective communication? Explain them.
(April/May2017 )(Nov/Dec2015) (Nov’14)(May’14) (Nov/Dec2016)
4. Briefly explain about the three types of motivation theories and also how it is useful in leadership
Organization. (April/May2017 )(May’14) (Nov/Dec2015) (May/June 2016)
5. Explain with neat flow diagram the Porter and Lawler expectancy theory. (Nov’13)
6. Explain the qualities required for effective leadership.(Nov’12) (May/June 2016)
7. Give brief idea about electronic media in communication.[May’10,May’12] (May/June 2016)
8. Explain different styles of leadership based on authority. [AU,June’07,May’08] (Nov/Dec 2016)
9. Write short notes on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs hierarchy theory. Compare and contrast the Maslow
and Herzberg theory of motivation. (May’11, May’12, dec’12)
 UNIT V CONTROLLING 9

System and process of controlling – budgetary and non-budgetary control techniques – use of
computers and IT in Management control – Productivity problems and management – control
and performance – direct and preventive control – reporting.

PART A

1.What is globalization? (Nov/Dec2006)

Doing business without geographical boundaries is known as globalization.
1. Explain controlling process in detail.
2. Explain the types of controlling system.
3. Discuss the types of budget.
2.What are the various types of functional budgets?(Nov/Dec2007)
1.Sales budgets
2.Production budget
3.Cash budget
4.Capital budget
5.Master budget
3.What do you understand by zero-base budgeting? (May/June 2007) (Nov/Dec2015)
Initially, the budget is designed from a zero-base. The main element of ZBB is future
objective orientation.
4.Define the term productivity? (Nov/Dec2016) (May/June 2009)
Productivity is a measure of how much input is required to produce a given output ie, the
ratio output to input is called productivity.
5.What is critical point control?(May/June2009)
The points selected for control process is called critical points. The principle of critical
point control is one of the most important control principles states. The effective control requires
an attention to those factors critical to evaluate the performance against plans.
6 .What is quality control?(April/May2011)(Nov/Dec2012) (Nov/Dec2015)
Quality control is the procedure that it followed to achieve and maintain the required
quality. Quality control aims at prevention of producing defective products. For this, statistical
methods like sampling plans and control charts are used.
7 .Define the terms budget and budgetary control?(Nov/Dec2012) (Nov/Dec2014)
A budget is a vital role of planning and control for future activities. It is an estimate of
the future needs to be calculated.
Budgetary control is the process of determining various budgets for the business unit for
future. It serves as a method of control.
8 .What is meant by budget?(May/June2012)
A budget is a vital role of planning and control for future activities. It is an estimate of
the future needs to be calculated.
9 .What is meant by ‘MIS ’?(May/June 2012) (May/June 2013)
“A system of obtaining abstracting , storing and analyzing data to productions information for
the use in planning, controlling, and decision making by managers at the time. They can most
effectively be used it.
10 .List any four types of control. (May/June 2013)
1.Feedback control
2.Concurent control
3.Feed forward control 4.Continuous control
11.what are the three potential pitfalls of budgets?
(a)Inflexibility
(b)Inaccuracy
(c)Distortion of goals
(d)Hiding inefficiencies
12. Define purchase control. (Nov/Dec2014)
Budgetary control includes forecasting income and expenditures for efficient production
and distribution.
13.List the types of productivity(May’14)
*Physical productivity
*Functional productive
*Economic productivity
14. List the steps involved in directing? (Nov/Dec 2013)
(a)establishment of standards (b)Fixation of the standards
(c)finding out the deviation (d)Correcting the deviation
15. Define preventive control?(May/June2012
An efficient manager applies the skills in managerial philosophy to eliminate undesirable
activated which are the reasons for poor management.
16.Name any two HR controlling technique (May/June2016)

• Performance appraisals
• Discipline policies
• Employee observations
• Employee training
17.Why controlling is important?(Apr/May 2017)
1.Control helps to review, revise and update the policy of the organization.
2.The sound control system inspires employees to work hard and give a better
performance.
3.Control helps to increase the coordination of subordinates in the organization.
PART B
1. Explain different types of Budgetary and non-budgetary control technique.
(May’11, May’12,Dec ‘14) (Nov/Dec2015) (Nov/Dec2016)
2. What are the different types of organizational control? Mention the advantages of using budget control.
(May’10, Dec’12).
3. Explain the steps involved in the process of controlling.(May’10,May’11,Dec’12)(Apr/May 2017)
4. Explain in detail the various management control tools.(May’11,Dec’14) (Nov/Dec2015)
5. Explain the necessity and objectives of controlling.(May’10,May’12)
6. Explain how computers are useful in controlling organizational issues.(May’11,May’12)
(Apr/May 2017)
 (Or)
Impact of IT in management concepts-Discuss.(Nov/Dec 2016)
7. Explain the role of MIS play at various level of management.(Dec’14) (May/June 2016)
8. Explain the term operations management and the major managerial activities involved in it.
(May’11, Dec’09)
9. what are the requirements for effective control?(May’07)