HNCC MBA Dept.

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

A stock market is a market in which stocks are bought and sold. It is called industrial
securities market, because it is the market for the trading of company stocks i.e. corporate
securities; both those securities listed on stock exchange as well as those only traded
privately. The term ‘Stock Market’ is often used as synonymous to ‘Stock Exchange’. But
there is a difference in the two terms. Stock exchange is a corporation in the business of
bringing buyers and sellers of stocks together. It is a major part of the stock market, but
not the whole of it. Because a stock market besides stock exchanges also includes the
market for new issue of securities.
The total market cap of all the Indian companies is nearly 65%of the GDP today as
compared to the US at nearly 90% as reflected in a study titled Deepening of capital
markets by the Boston Consulting Group and Confederation of Indian Industry in
December 2012.
In India the household savings rate is increasing and almost fifty percent of the
savings are in physical assets like gold, real estate and the rest fifty percent is in financial
assets. In India the private equity has grown substantially. The value of private equity
investments in the country grew more than 20 times in less than a decade. The
performance of Market has registered a significant upward trend in recent times. Retail
investors who are investing in small stocks to make a quickgain, are changing their
approach and now placing their money in quality stocks. According to (Mascarenhas,
2015) companies such as SBI, ICICI Bank, Axis Bank, ITC, ONGC, Infosys, Asian Paints
and Tata Power, have seen a surprise in the number of individual retail investors. Between
50000 and 3.5 lakh at the end of march 2015 compered with the previous year.
The NSE has specified that it has seen retail investor participation increase
dramatically in the last one year, with Maharashtra recording the highest rate of
increase.On the NSE platform, Maharashtra had the most number of people. trading in the
last one year (up 38 per cent) while Gujarat witnessed the highest jump in valueterms, by
more than 50 per cent.Maharashtra, Goa and Gujarat together witnessed 32 per cent spurt
in the number of people actively trading in the last one year. India has around 2.5 crore
registered clients across exchanges, according to the NSE statement.

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LIST OF STOCK EXCHANGES IN INDIA

1. Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)

2.National Stock Exchange (NSE)

NSE (National Stock Exchange)

The National Stock Exchange (NSE) is the leading stock exchange in India and
the fourth largest in the world by equity trading volume in 2015, according to World
Federation of Exchanges (WFE). NSE was the first exchange in India to implement
electronic or screen-based trading. It began operations in 1994 and is ranked as the largest
stock exchange in India in terms of total and average daily turnover for equity shares
every year since 1995.

BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange):

The Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) is the first and largest securities market in
India and was established in 1875 as the Native Share and Stock Brokers' Association.
Based in Mumbai, India, the BSE lists close to 6,000 companies and is one of the largest
exchanges in the world, along with the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Nasdaq,
London Stock Exchange Group, Japan Exchange Group, and Shanghai Stock Exchange.
The BSE has helped develop India's capital markets.

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1.2 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY:

 To study the investors perception of Stock Market Investment.

 To Study the importance of diversification in investment portfolio.
 To know the awareness to the investors towards Stock Investment.
 To Study the Return Acceptance of Investor of Stoct Market .
1.3 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:
 SCOPE:
1.The scope of the study is to analyze and interpret the investor’s perception towards the
Stoct Market and perception towards Systematic Investment Plan.
2.The research record around a general awareness on the Stock Market and
perception towards Systematic Investment.

 LIMITATIONS:
1. The analysis of the present study has been carried out based on the
information has collected directly from the respondents.
2. The study is an opinion survey caution may have to be exercised the result to
other areas
3. Due to time constrict only 100 numbers of respondents were considered.
4. The result fully depends on the information given by the respondents which
maybe biased.
5. This study has taken limited dependent variables like investment period,
investment objectives and risk and return perception.

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1.4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problems. It may

be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. It includes
the overall research design, the sampling procedure, data collection method and analysis
procedure.
Research Design:

A research design is considered as the framework or plan for a study that guidesas well
as helps the data collection and analysis of data. The study design selected for this
learning for both open research design and premise testing research design Descriptive
Research Design the reason taking descriptive research design is to get the features of
individual an objective or the variable of attention in a situation. A descriptive research
design is one that simply describes something such as descriptive something such as
demographic characteristics of group or customers of products

 Convenience sampling method:

A Convenience sample is one of the main types of non-probability sampling methods.A

convenience sample is made up of people who are easy to reach

SOURCES OF DATA

 Primary data:

The primary data is that data which is collected fresh or first hand, and for first time
which is original in nature.
Primary data is collected through collecting information from company officers, from
external guide.

 Secondary data:

Secondary data has collected been collected from journals, Books, Websites and
magazines.

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 QUESTIONNAIRE:

The questionnaire tried to capture the responses of the customers mainly from the
Stock Market investors and their key deliverables, derived from the survey conducted,
and a few questions have been included to gauge the level of satisfaction and to gain
insight into customer expectations.

STRUCTURE OF QUESTIONNARIE:

There are two types of questions are used in this study are closed ended questions and
Likert scale method. Open questions enable respondents to answer as they wish. Closed
questions provide respondents with a list of options from which they choose. Likert
scaleprovides respondents agree to particular statement.

SAMPLE SIZE:

A sample size is a component of population which is cautiously selected to signify the

population. The study was conducted with the sample size of 100 investors.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:

This study will be undertaken to find out the perception of Stock Market investorsthis
study will benefited to whom those not invests in mutual fund as well as people who
invests in Stock Market

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2. COMPANY PROFILE

2.1 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION:-

Share Spot Financial Services LLP is a Stock Broking Company running successfully
since 1991. Share Spot was promoted by C.A. Vijay Javalgekar and Shirish Dantakale
and got established in 1995.

Share Spot offers a wide range of services to its clients, including investment advice,
portfolio management, trading in equities, derivatives, and mutual funds, online trading,
and depository and portfolio management services.

Share Spot is committed to providing its clients with the highest quality of service and
support. Its team of experienced financial advisors and portfolio managers can help
clients create and implement personalized investment plans that meet their individual
needs and goals. Share Spot also offers its clients access to a user-friendly online
trading platform and a variety of educational resources to help them learn more about
investing and the stock market. In this firm online trading can be done through
www.sharespotsolapur.com
SHARE SPOT is one of the top service providers company in India. It containshuge
number of services such as Investment Avenue, solutions in derivatives, mutual funds;
equities, investment advices and it also provide helping hand in depository and
portfoliomanagement.

2.2 OWNERSHIP PATTERN:-

 Mr. Vijay Javalgekar – Managing Director of the Company

 Mr. Shirish Dantakale – Managing Director of the Company.

2.3 NATURE OF THE BUSINESS

Share Spot provides services to customers such as derivatives market, mutual funds,
equities, portfolio management.

It provides guidelines and advices regarding which is the best place and product to make
investment with, which can yield more of the returns with minimum investment.

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2.4 VISION AND MISSION AND QUALITY POLICY VISION

VISION:-

Vision is an ability to think and plan thoroughly for the better future in order to meet
the risks that may arrive in future through a wise plan with wisdom and Share Spot
followsthe customer oriented services in order to meet its vision. .
“Company’s vision is “To be the best retail broking brand in the Indian financial market”

MISSION:-

It is really not possible to the company to fulfill its vision which is decided at the
beginning as the time passes, so therefore the vision is broken down into pieces called
asmission.

Mission is what company do in the present in order to achieve the long-term objective
ofthe company vision is practically converted into action through mission.

Company’s mission is “To educate and empower the individual investors in order to
make better investment decisions through quality advices as superior services”

QUALITY POLICY:

 User friendly online trading facility

 Portfolio management and services
 Depository services

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2.5 PRODUCTS AND SERVICES:

1. TRADING FACILITIES:

Trading facilities in a stock broking company are the services and tools that the
company provides to its clients to help them trade in the stock market. These facilities
can vary from company to company.

2. IPO:
IOP in a stock broking company stands for Initial Public Offering Trading Facilities.
These are the facilities that a stock broking company provides to its clients to help
them invest in IPOs. These facilities can vary from company to company.

3. PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT:

Portfolio management is the process of selecting, monitoring, and rebalancing a

portfolio of investments in order to meet the investor's financial goals and risk tolerance.
It is a complex and time-consuming process, but it is essential forinvestors who want to
achieve their financial goals..

4. MUTUAL FUNDS:
Mutual funds are a popular investment option for many investors, and many
stock broking companies offer mutual fund investing services to their clients.
The variety of mutual fund schemes to their clients, including equity funds, debt funds,
and hybrid funds. Objectives and risk tolerance.

5. DEPOSITORY SERVICES:

Depository services are the services provided by depositories to facilitate the holding of
securities in electronic form and to provide for the settlement of securities transactions.
Depositories are regulated by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

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6. EQUITY SHARES:

An equity share, also known as common stock, is a type of security that represents
ownership in a company. Equity shares are the riskiest type of security, butthey also
have the potential to generate the highest returns.

7. ONLINE/INTERNET TRADING:

Online trading, also known as internet trading is the process of buying and selling
securities electronically through a stockbroker's website or mobile app. Online trading
has become increasingly popular in recent years.

8. BONDS:

A bond is a loan that an investor makes to a company or government. In return, the

borrower agrees to pay the investor a fixed rate of interest over a set period of time,
known as the maturity date. At maturity, the borrower also repays the principal
amount of the loan.

9. NPS (National Pension System):

The National Pension System is a government – sponsored pension scheme and

voluntary retirement saving scheme in India.It is open to all Indian citizens including
government employees, private sector employees and self employed individuals. The
NPS is managed by Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA)

10. DERIATIVES MARKET:

The derivatives market is a financial market where derivatives are traded.

Derivatives are financial instruments that derive their value from the underlying asset,
which can be a stock, bond, commodity, currency, or market index.

2.6 AREA OF OPERATION: -

Solapur only.

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2.7 COMPETITOR’S INFORMATION:

SR.NO. COMPETITORS NAME

01 Sharekhan Limited

02 Kotak Securities

03 Reliance Securities

04 Geojit Financial Services

05 MotilalOswal Financial Services

2.8 ACHIEMENTS/AWARDS OF THE COMPANY

1. Awarded By LKP Securities for top Business Partner.

2. Awarded By LKP Securities for Gold Business Partner.
3. Awarded By Aditya Birla Mutual Fund as Gold Plus Member.
4. Awarded By Aditya Birla Mutual Fund as Platinum Member.
5. Awarded By HDFC Mutual Fund for Royal Blue Partner.
6. Awarded By Reliance Mutual Fund for Sip Championship Club.
7. Awarded By UTI Mutual Fund for Stellar Performance Regional Club.
8. Awarded By UTI Mutual Fund for Reward Points Winner.
9. Awarded By ICICI Mutual Fund for SIP KeBadshah.
10. Awarded By MFRT for Mutual Fund Round Table Royal.
11. Awarded By ICICI, Mutual Fund for Valuable Contributing to The Successof
ICICI Prudential Mutual Fund.
12. Awarded By 95 My Mutual Fund in Zidd Ki Kahaani for Prominent Leaserand
Speaker.

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2.9 ORGANIZATIONAL CHART:-

Manager Manager Manager Manager

Assistant Assistant Assistant Assistant

Assistant Assistant Assistant Assistant

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3.1 BRIEF REVIEW OF LITERATURES

Abhijeet Chandra (2015). In this literature, the author has analyzed the impact of
competence of individual investors on their trading behavior in the stock market.
Individual investors take trading decisions based on their self-perceived competence
that is influenced by several factors. The study examined the factors that determine the
competency level of individual investors. Age, education, and income were found to
be the most influencing factors of the individual investors' competence in the stock
market activities and trading behavior. The results of the study reveal that a person
invests as per his/her own judgments once he/she perceives himself/herself more
knowledgeable about investing. It finds that investors having high, high to moderate
income and professional qualification are supposed to be more confident about their
competence when it comes to tradingin stock markets. Thus, it can be said that
competence effect rules the trading behavior of individual investors.

Kaushal Bhatt (2015) Utilization of resources in order to increase income or

production output in future is known as investment. Data analyzes states that
Graduates are more intended to save money and they are aware about various
investment avenues. Business man tends to invest more as compared to salaried man.
Respondents want more safety and securities to their money.

Ravi Vyas (2015) This study finds the form of investments preferred by
investors.Mutual fund investment is a secured investment with good returns
oninvestments. Data analyzes shows that maximum respondent invest in Goldfollowed
by bank deposits and Insurance schemes. Mutual fund investments are very limited.
For Safety, Liquidity, Reliability, Tax benefits and high returnsMutual fund has
average score among investors.

Priyanka Jain (2015) The study analyzes the various investment avenues available
for the investors. It state Equity shares has low return but high capital appreciation,
risk liquidity, Marketability, tax benefit, Debentures has high return but low risk
liquidity and marketability. Bank deposits have moderate returns but low capital
appreciation and risk liquidity.

Kadariya (2014) analyzes the market reactions to tangible information and intangible
information in Nepalese stock market to examine the Investors 'opinions in Nepalese
stock market issues. After analysis of a sample of 185 stock investors he finds that the
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capital structure and average pricing method is one factor that influence the investment
decisions, the next is political and media coverage, the third factor is belief on luck
and the financial education, and finally the fourth component for stock market
movement is trend. analysis. Thus, he concludes that both the tangible and intangible
information are essential to succeed in Nepalese capital market.

Nidhi Walia and Ravi Kiran (2014) studied that to satisfy the needs of investors‟

Mutual funds are designing more lucrative and innovative tools considering the
appetite for risk taking of individual investors. A successful investor is one who strives
to achieve not less than rate of return consistent with risk assumed. They also argued
as per observation by survey responses of the individual investor The fact is clear that
overall among other investment avenues capital market instruments are at the priority
of investors but level of preference varies with different category/ level of income, and
an association exists between in comestatus of investors and their preference for
capital market instrument with return as objective.

Ashok Kumar (2014), suggested that majority of investors preferred to invest in

Fixed deposit with banks followed by gold, units of UTI, fixed deposit of non-
government companies, mutual funds, equity shares and debenture for safety and
liquidity. The above literature shows the important contribution on investors
perception towards’ various investment avenues. It is also evident from the above
literature that majority of the investors prefer fist safety and security for the investment
and secondly they interested to get maximum benefits for their investments. In light of
above literature, the present study attempts to identify the problems on the perception
of investors towards investment avenues in Vellore city, Tamil Nadu.

Manoj Kumar Dashl (2014) Factors Influencing Investment Decision of Generations

in India: An Econometric Study This study aims to gain knowledge about key factors
that influence investment behavior and ways these factors Impact investment risk
tolerance and decision making process among men and women and among different
age groups. The individuals may be equal in all aspects, may even be living next door,
but their financial planning needs are very different. It is by using different age groups
along with Gender that synergy between investors can be generated. In this context,
demographics alone no longer suffice as the basis of segmentation of individual
investors. Hence keeping this in mind, the present study is an attempt to find out
Factors which affects individual investment decision and Differences in the perception

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of Investors in the decision of investing on the basis of Age and on the basis of
Gender. The study concludes that investors’ age and gender predominantly decides the
risk taking capacity of investors.

James E. Corter (2014) had concluded that risk tolerance and uncertainty tolerance
can be distinguished not only theoretically but empirically and that of attitudes
affected investing behavior. While higher levels of risk tolerance led to riskier
portfolios and thus to higher exposure to losses, it seemed that investors’ emotional
reactions to losses were not mitigated by higher level of risk tolerance. It suggested
that a high level of risk tolerance insulated a client from neither the actual nor the
emotional consequence of market losses.

Sohan Patidar (2014), found that as per the age-wise classification, the investorsin the
age group of below 35 years were actively participating in the speculation trade and
the age group of above 55 hesitated to take risks. Professional people were not
interested in the share market and investors falling under the income group below Rs
20, 000 showed more interest in investing their earnings in the share market.

Manjunatha T and Gopi K.(2014), found that every investor had his own
investment objectives, risk acceptance level, inflows and outflows of money and other
constraints. Their study showed that the decision of retail investors in primary market
were influenced by issue price, information availability, brokerr commendations of the
analysts, secondary market situation, disclosure by market participation and other
factors. The study suggested that wealth criteria was important to retail investors while
investing in the primary market, the recommendation of brokerage house analysts,
issue price,IPO grading, promoters’ reputations and other factors go largely considered
in the primary market.

Santi Swarup (2014) had indicated that the investors gave importance to their own
analysis as compared to brokers' advice. They also considered market prices as a better
indicator than analyst’s recommendations. The study also identified Factors that were
affecting primary market situation in India. Issue price, information availability,
market price after listing and liquidity had emerged as importance factors in the study.
The study suggested that investors need to be assured of some return and the level of
risk associated with investing in the market was very high. They have bad experience
in terms of lower market price after listing and high issue price. A number of measures
in terms of regula toryprice level and market.

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3.2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INTRODUCTION

The word "investment" can be defined in many ways according to differenttheories

and principles. It is a term that can be used in a number of contexts.However, the
different meanings of "investment" are more alike than dissimilar.Generally, investment
is the application of money for earning more money.Investment also means savings or
savings made through delayed consumption.

According to economics, investment is the utilization of resources in order to

increase income or production output in the future. An amount deposited into a bank or
machinery that is purchased in anticipation of earning income in the long run are both
examples of investments. Although there is a general broad definition to the term
investment, it carries slightly different meanings to different industrial sectors.
According to economists, investment refers to any physical or tangible asset, for
example, a building or machinery and equipment.

On the other hand, finance professionals define an investment as money utilized

for buying financial assets, for example stocks, bonds, bullion, real properties, and
precious items. According to finance, the practice of investment refers to the buying of a
financial product or any valued item with an anticipation that positive returns will be
received in the future.

The most important feature of financial investments is that they carry high market
liquidity. The method used for evaluating the value of a financial investment is known as
valuation. According to business theories, investment is that activity in which a
manufacturer buys a physical asset, for example, stock or production equipment, in
expectation that this will help the business to prosper in the long run.

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3.3 HISTORY AND GROWTH OF STOCK MARKET INDUSTRY IN INDIA

Indian stock market marks to be one of the oldest stock market in Asia. It dates
back to the close of 18th century when the East India Company used to transact loan
securities. In the 1830s, trading on corporate stocks and shares in Bank and Cotton
presses took place in Bombay. though the trading was broad but the brokers were
hardly half dozen during 1840 and 1850.
An informal group of 22 stockbrokers began trading under a banyan tree opposite
the Town Hall of Bombay from the mid-1850s, each investing a (then)princely amount
of Rupee 1. This banyan tree still stands in the HornimanCircle Park, Mumbai. In 1860,
the exchange flourished with 60 brokers. In fact the 'Share Mania' in India began with
the American Civil War broke and the cotton supply from the US to Europe stopped.
Further the brokers increased to250. The informal group of stockbrokers organized
themselves as the Native Share and Stockbrokers Association which, in 1875, was
formally organized as the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE).

1. Origins of the Indian Stock Market

Early 19th Century: The concept of stock trading in India started in the mid-1800s with
a group of brokers meeting informally under a banyan tree in Mumbai (then
Bombay).1850s: The first share trading was linked to textile mills in Mumbai, as the
city was a major hub for cotton production and export.1860s: During the American
Civil War (1861–1865), there was a surge in demand for Indian cotton, leading to a
boom in the trading of cotton-related shares.

2. Establishment of Organized Markets

1875: Formation of the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), Asia's first stock exchange,
with 318 members. Initially called "The Native Share and Stock Brokers' Association,"
BSE formalized trading activities.1908: The Calcutta Stock Exchange was established,
focusing on jute and tea trades.1920s–1930s: Several regional stock exchanges, such as
those in Madras (now Chennai) and Ahmedabad, were set up to cater to the growing
industrial base.

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3. Post-Independence Era (1947–1991)

1947–1950s: The Indian government focused on building a mixed economy. Stocks

became linked to industrial and economic development projects.1956: The Securities
Contracts (Regulation) Act was enacted, providing regulatory oversight of stock
exchanges.1960s–1970s: Trading volumes grew steadily, but the stock market remained
relatively closed, with limited participation from the general public.1980s: BSE gained
prominence, but trading was conducted through open outcry systems, and transparency
was limited.

4. Liberalization and Modernization (1991–2000)

1991: Economic liberalization under Dr. Manmohan Singh, then Finance Minister,
opened India's economy to globalization and privatization. The stock market witnessed
significant growth as foreign institutional investors (FIIs) were allowed to
participate.1992: Establishment of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
to regulate and ensure fair practices in the market.1992: The Harshad Mehta scam
exposed systemic weaknesses in the market, leading to reforms in transparency and
regulation.1994: National Stock Exchange (NSE) was launched, introducing electronic
trading and screen-based systems, marking a technological revolution in Indian stock
trading.

5. Growth in the 21st Century

2000s: India's stock market expanded rapidly with increased participation from
domestic and foreign investors. 2005: Introduction of online trading platforms, further
democratizing access. 2008: The global financial crisis impacted Indian markets, but
they recovered relatively quickly due to strong domestic fundamentals. 2010s: SEBI
introduced stricter regulations for insider trading and corporate governance. The launch
of new financial instruments like derivatives, ETFs, and commodity trading enhanced
market diversity. 2017: Implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST) and the
introduction of REITs (Real Estate Investment Trusts) added depth to the market.

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6. Current Trends and Future Prospects

2020s:Rapid adoption of technology in trading, with mobile apps and AI-driven

investment tools becoming common. Record-breaking IPOs and increasing retail
participation. India's stock market capitalization reached around $3.5 trillion in 2023,
making it one of the top global markets. Initiatives like Make in India and Digital India
are boosting sectors like technology, renewable energy, and manufacturing.

Future Growth:
Increasing financial literacy and expanding rural market participation. Strong
government policies promoting investment and innovation. Integration with global
markets and rising ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) investment.

3.3 ADVANTAGES OF STOCK MARKET IN INDIA

1. Liquidity:-

The stock market offers a variety of financial instruments that give investors a choice
of securities to invest in depending on their risk tolerance and financial objectives,
such as shareholdings, securities, mutual funds, and derivatives. Investing in a variety
of equities also provides excellent diversification because it lessens the concentration
of your portfolio. By providing portfolio diversification and balancing market risks,
this flexibility is useful in reducing the risks associated with stock investing. By
utilizing growth in many economic sectors, a well-diversified portfolio aids in
expanding your wealth and generates a return even if certain individual companies
decline in value.

.
2. Transparency:-

The "Stock Exchange Board of India" (SEBI) is responsible for monitoring and
regulating the Indian stock market. With the creation of such an organization, stock
market investing is now safer and more transparent. Investor interest protection is seen
as a first priority by SEBI. This considerably aids in lowering hazards brought on by

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corporate fraud.Today, stock investing is regarded as one of the greatest methods for
building long-term wealth. Investors can use the stock market to help them reach their
long-term financial objectives with a planned investment plan. Nevertheless, investing
in stocks entails a number of hazards. After all, the fundamental rule of the risk-reward
trade-offs governs the world of investing: higher risk and higher profits. Before
making an investment, one should have a thorough understanding of the dangers
connected to stocks and appropriate risk management techniques

3. Dividend Paying : -

Many shareholders receive their income through the company's dividends, which are
given out as a portion of their profits. Dividends are often paid once every three
months. However, not all businesses do. They might opt to reinvest this gain back into
the business. Even though the value of the stock has decreased, firms can send
dividends to shareholders as a part of their profits. Investors may profit from a number
of advantages from dividends earned through stock ownership. Your investment's
overall return on the stock may grow due to dividend payments. By supporting the
stock price, they also aid in reducing stock price volatility.Dividend payments that are
steady and increasing are typically signs of earnings growth and firm stability. People
frequently use these dividend payouts to supplement their portfolio valuesor fund their
retirement.

4.Better over time returns

The Indian and worldwide stock markets have historically given investors excellent
returns over time. One of the main advantages of stock investment is the chance to be
patient and witness your investment grow and multiply. Even if stock prices fluctuate
on a daily basis, the stock market as a whole tends to gain value.The stock market has
historically produced the highest returns for investors, beating all other forms of
financial assets and the housing market for many years, according to an analysis of
various asset classes. The SENSEX and NIFTY indexes have rarely let down investors
when compared to the returns on the Indian stock market since the 1980s. These stock
indices have expanded enormously despite setbacks like the 2008 financial crisis and
the 2020 pandemic.

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3.4 DISADVANTAGES OF STOCK MARKET IN INDIA:

1. Risk:

The most frequent risk facing investors who buy individual equities is a company-
specific risk. Investors risk losing their money if the firm they invested in is unable to
generate sufficient sales or profits. The market value of a corporation might also
decrease due to subpar operational performance

2. Headline Danger:

A part of company risk that is frequently evaluated is headline risk. This is the danger
posed by media reports that could harm a company's reputation and bottom line. A
single unfavorable headline can trigger a market retaliation against a certain business
or an entire industry, and frequently both. The early November drop of the Tesla stock
is a prime illustration. Elon Musk made waves when he tweeted about whether or not
he should divest 10% of his firm shares. Soon after this news hit the news, the stock
value plummeted.

3. Low Margin And High Brokerage :

Brokers are still necessary for the market to operate smoothly, despite the fact that it is
now much more accessible. They demand large brokerage fees, which reduces investors'
profit margins and detracts from the appeal of the investment option.

4. Time-consuming

The act of trading stocks has gotten easier and faster thanks to the development of online
trading. Still, the registration process, such as registering a Demat account, takes a little
longer. The data and analysis needed before making a valid investment, however, still
require diligent work because it is a one-time activity.

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4.DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

A STUDY ON PERCEPTION TOWARDS STOCK MARKET OF INVESTORS:

1. Table showing Age group of the Respondents.

Table No.1
OPTIONS NO. OF RESPONSESS PERCENTAGES
18-25 40 40%

26-35 24 24%
36-45 16 16%
45-50 10 10%

50 Above 10 10%
TOTAL 100 100%
Chart no: 1

INTERPRETATIONS:-

As per the above table it is interpreted that the age distribution of the survey respondents
is relatively skewed towards younger adults, with 40% of respondents in the 18-25 age
group and 24% of respondents in the 26-35 age group. This suggests that the majority
of respondents are young adults, which is important to keep in mind when interpreting
the results of the survey.

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2. Table showing gender of the respondents.

Table no.2
OPTIONS NO. OF RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE

Male 54 54%

Female 46 46%

TOTAL 100 100%

Chart No. 2

Male

Female
46%

54%

INTERPRETATIONS:

As per Above Table and Graph it is found that are 54 male respondents, which is 54%of
the total number of respondents. There are 46 female respondents, which is 46% of the
total number of respondents. This means that the male and female respondents are
almostequally represented in the sample.

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3. Table showing Respondents Educational Qualification.

Table no.3

OPTIONS NO.OF RESPONSES PERCENTAGES

High School 20 20%

Under Graduation 25 25%

Post Graduation 30 30%

Professional Degree 25 25%

TOTAL 100 100%

.
Chart No. 3

INTERPRETATIONS:

As per above table and graph it can be interpreted that the majority of the Under
Graduation, with 25% having a Post Graduation. And remaining 30% respondents Post
Graduation 25% The relatively lower percentage of high school-only respondents
(20%) suggests that the population sampled may be oriented toward higher
education and specialized fields..

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4. Table showing professions of the Occupation.

Table no.4
PROFESSIONS NO.OF RESPONSES PERCENTAGES

Student 24 24%

Salaried Employee 28 28%

Self- Employed 32 32%

Retired 16 16%

TOTAL 100 100%

Chart No. 4

INTERPRETATIONS:

The majority of respondents in this survey are either self-employed (32%) or salaried
employees (28%), which suggests that entrepreneurship and formal employment are the most
common occupational choices. Students make up 24% of the respondents, indicating a
significant number of individuals still in education. The retired group is the smallest at 16%,
which could reflect the age or stage in life of the respondents. Overall, the data shows a
diverse range of occupations, with a noticeable inclination toward self-employment and
salaried roles.

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5. Table showing Respondent's Annual Income.

Table no.5
OPTIONS NO.OF RESPONSES PERCENTAGES

Below 2,50,000 25 25%

2,50,000-5,00,000 30 30%

5,00,000-10,00,000 35 35%

10,00,000-20,00,00 10 10%

TOTAL 100 100%

Chart No. 5

INTERPRETATIONS:

The above graph shows Individuals responses belonging to different Income group

Where most of the Individuals belongs to the Income group 5,00,000-

10,00,000 with 35%. and 30% from 2,50,000-5,00,000 and 25% below
2,50,000 whereas only 10% Individuals belong to Income Group
10,00,000-20,00,000.

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6.Table showing responses how long have been investing in the stock market.

Table no.6

OPTIONS NO.OF RESPONSES PERCENTAGES

Less than 1 year 25 25%

1-3 years 30 30%

3-5 years 10 10%

More than 5 year 35 35%

TOTAL 100 100%

Chart No. 6

INTERPRETATIONS:

As per the above graph shows a diverse distribution, with most respondents either new
(25%) or highly experienced (35%). Intermediate groups (1–3 years and 3–5 years)
collectively account for 40%, suggesting a balanced mix of expertise levels but with
emphasis on extremes. .

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7. Table showing primary objective for investing in the stock market.

Table no.7
OPTIONS NO.OF RESPONSES PERCENTAGES

Retirement planning 24 24%

Wealth creation 30 30%

Short -term gains 26 26%

Diversification 20 20%

TOTAL 100 100%

Chart No. 7

INTERPRETATIONS:

AS per the above graph The table reveals that while investors use the stock market for
multiple reasons, the primary focus is on wealth creation (30%), followed by short-
term gains (26%) and retirement planning (24%). Diversification is less emphasized
but still plays a role for 20% of the respondents. This suggests that investors have
varied financial goals, with a notable emphasis on growing their wealth and preparing
for retirement.

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8. Table showing how frequently do you invest in the stock market

Table no.8

OPTIONS NO. OF RESPONSES PERCENTAGES

Daily 30 30%

Weakly 25 25%

Monthly 35 35%

Occasionally 10 10%

TOTAL 100 100%

Chart No. 8

INTERPRETATIONS:

As per the above table and graph The data reveals that the most common frequency for
investing in the stock market is monthly (35%), followed by daily (30%) and weekly
(25%) investments. Occasional investors (10%) make up the smallest segment, indicating
that the majority of respondents follow a regular investment pattern, either actively or
with a more long-term focus

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9. Table showing percentage of your total savings do you invest the stock market.

Table No.9

OPTIONS NO. OF RESPONSES PERCENTAGES

Less than 10% 25 25%

10%-25% 30 30%

25%-50% 20 20%

More than 50% 25 25%

TOTAL 100 100%

Chart No. 9

INTERPRETATIONS:
As per above table and graph The majority of respondents (30%) invest 10%-25% of
their savings in the stock market, with substantial numbers also investing less than 10%
(25%) and more than 50% (25%). This shows a wide range of risk appetites, from
conservative to aggressive investors. The moderate risk category (10%-25%) dominates,
indicating a balanced approach to stock market investments among most respondent.

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10. Table showing how do you perceive the risk associated with stock market
investment .

Table no.10

OPTIONS NO. OF RESPONSES PERCENTAGES

Very high 23 23%

High 28 28%

Moderate 36 36%

Low 13 13%

TOTAL 50 100%

Chart No. 10

INTERPRETATIONS:

As per above graph The table reveals that 36% of respondents perceive the risk associated
with stock market investments as moderate, followed by 28% who view it as high and 23%
who believe it is very high. A smaller portion (13%) perceives it as low risk. This indicates
that most people are aware of the inherent risks in the stock market, with a majority
perceiving it as moderately risky.

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11. Table showing Type of stock do you prefer.

Table no.11

OPTIONS NO. OF RESPONSES PERCENTAGES

High-risk,high- 30 30%
return stocks
Medium-risk 30 30%
medium-return
stocks
Low-risk 40 40%
steady-return
stock
TOTAL 100 100%

Chart No. 11

INTERPRETATIONS:

As per the above table and graph The that 40% of respondents prefer low-risk, steady-
return stocks, emphasizing a preference for stability. However, 30% prefer high-risk,
high-return stocks, and another 30% opt for medium-risk, medium-return stocks. This
suggests a balance between risk-averse investors and those willing to take on more risk
for potentially higher returns.

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12. Table showing how do you gather about stock market investment.

Table no.12

OPTIONS NO. OF RESPONSES PERCENTAGES

Financial advisors 15 15%

Online research 35 35%

News /Media 20 20%

Friends/family 30 30%

TOTAL 100 100%

Chart No. 12

INTERPRETATIONS:

The data shows that online research (35%) is the most popular source for stock market
information, followed by friends and family (30%), while financial advisors (15%) are the
least relied upon. This highlights the growing influence of digital platforms and personal
networks in shaping investment decisions.

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13. Table showing how well informed do you feel about market trends and financial
instruments.

Table no.13
OPTIONS NO. OF RESPONSES PERCENTAGES

Very informed 25 25%

Somewhat informed 30 30%

Neutral 35 35%

Not informed 10 10%

TOTAL 100 100%

Chart No. 13

INTERPRETATIONS:

The data highlights varying levels of financial literacy, with most respondents feeling
somewhat informed (30%) or neutral (35%), while very informed (25%) individuals form a
confident minority. Only 10% feel uninformed about market trends and financial instruments.

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14. Table showing how satisfied are you with the returns on your stock market .

Table no.14
OPTIONS NO. OF RESPONSES PERCENTAGES

Very satisfied 40 40%

Satisfied 15 15%

Neutral 25 25%

Dissatisfied 20 20%

TOTAL 100 100%

Chart No. 14

INTERPRETATIONS:

The majority of respondents (55%) are content with their stock market returns, with 40%
being very satisfied. However, the 20% dissatisfaction rate suggests room for improvement in
achieving more consistent or favorable returns for all investors.

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15. Table showing the biggest challenges you face as an investor in the stock market.

Table no.15

OPTIONS NO. OF RESPONSES PERCENTAGES

Lack of knowledge 28 28%

Market volatility 30 30%

Difficulty in analyzing 30 30%

stocks
High transaction costs 12 12%

TOTAL 100 100%

Chart No. 15

INTERPRETATIONS:

This table shows the results of a survey of 100 respondents,The data reveals that most
challenges faced by investors are knowledge- or market-related, with 58% of responses citing
market volatility and difficulty in analyzing stocks as primary concerns. Educational efforts,
better tools, and cost-effective investment platforms can address these issues effectively.

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16. Table showing do you believe the stock market is a good way to build long-term
wealth.

Table no.16

OPTIONS NO. OF RESPONSES PERCENTAGES

Strongly Agree 40 40%

Agree 20 20%

Disagree 28 28%

Strongly disagree 12 12%

TOTAL 100 100%

Chart No. 16

INTERPRETATIONS:

This table shows the 40% of respondents strongly agree that the stock market is a good
way to build long-term wealth, showing a strong belief in the potential of investing in stocks
for wealth accumulation over time. 20% of respondents agree with this view, reinforcing the
positive sentiment towards stock market investments. On the other hand, 28% disagree and
12% strongly disagree, indicating that a significant portion of respondents remain skeptical
about the stock market's ability to build long-term wealth.

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17. Table showing factors influence your stock market decisions the most.

Table no.17

OPTIONS NO. OF RESPONSES PERCENTAGES

Market news 35 35%

Expert advice 25 25%

Past performance of 15 15%

stock
Company 25 25%
fundamentals
TOTAL 100 100%

Chart No:17

INTERPRETATIONS:

This table shows the Market News (35%) has the highest influence on decision-
making, indicating that real-time information and market trends are crucial for
investors. Expert Advice (25%) and Company Fundamentals (25%) both play a
significant role in shaping decisions. Investors rely on professional insights and solid
financial health of companies.Past Performance of Stock (15%) appears to be a
relatively lesser factor, showing that historical data holds some weight but isn't as
influential as market news and expert analysis.
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18. Table Showing Level of understanding of Stock market .

Table no.18
OPTIONS NO.OF PERCENTAGES
RESPONSES
Very poor 18 18%

Poor 32 32%

Good 26 26%

Average 24 24%

TOTAL 100 100%

Chart No 18

INTERPRETATIONS:

This table shows the Poor (32%) and Very Poor (18%) together make up 50% of the
responses, indicating that a significant portion of individuals have a limited or no
understanding of the stock market. Good (26%) and Average (24%) responses show
that a majority of respondents have at least a basic or moderate level of understanding,
though fewer have a strong grasp of stock market concepts.

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19.Table showing do you think the government should do more to promote
stock market participation.

Table no.19

OPTIONS NO.OF RESPONDEN PERCENTAGES

Strongly agree 14 14%

Agree 27 27%

Neutral 25 25%

disagree 19 19%

Strongly disagree 15 15%

TOTAL 100 100%

Chart NO. 19

INTERPRETATIONS:

This table shows the A combined 41% (Strongly Agree + Agree) believe that the
government should take more action to encourage stock market participation.
25% (Neutral) indicate that they are uncertain or indifferent about the issue. On the
other hand, 34% (Disagree + Strongly Disagree) suggest that they feel no further
government action is necessary, either opposing or rejecting the idea.

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20.Table showing overall perception of the stock market as an investment.

Table no.20

OPTIONS NO.OF RESPONDEN PERCENTAGES

Highly positive 30 30%

Positive 25 25%

Neutral 20 20%

Negative 25 25%
TOTAL 100 100%

Chart NO. 20

INTERPRETATIONS:

This table shows the 55% (Highly Positive + Positive) respondents have a generally
favorable view, indicating a solid level of optimism about stock market investments.
20% (Neutral) respondents appear uncertain or indifferent, reflecting a portion of
individuals who do not have strong feelings about the market as an investment.
25% (Negative) respondents hold a negative view, suggesting concerns or skepticism
about the viability of the stock market as an investment option.

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5.FINDINGS

1. It is found that young adults (18-25) are the largest demographic group in this
Study.This suggests that researchers should focus on targeting their researchto this
group.

2. It was found that the sample is approximately evenly divided by gender, with 54%
male and 46% female.

3. The survey revealed that respondents were evenly distributed among educational
levels, with Post Graduation being the most common at 30%, followed by equal
representation for Undergraduate and Professional Degree holders at 25% each, and
20% from High School.

4. The survey showed that the largest group of respondents were self-employed (32%),
followed by salaried employees (28%), students (24%), and retirees (16%).

5. the majority of respondents (35%) have an annual income between ₹5,00,000-

₹10,00,000, followed by 30% earning ₹2,50,000-₹5,00,000, 25% earning below
₹2,50,000, and 10% earning ₹10,00,000-₹20,00,000.

6. The most respondents (35%) have been investing in the stock market for more than 5
years, followed by 30% with 1-3 years of experience. A smaller proportion has invested
for less than 1 year (25%) or 3-5 years (10%).

7. That wealth creation (30%) is the primary objective for most respondents investing in
the stock market, followed closely by short-term gains (26%) and retirement planning
(24%), with diversification being the least cited reason (20%) .

8. That the majority of respondents invest in the stock market monthly (35%), followed
by daily investors (30%) and weekly investors (25%), while only 10% invest
occasionally.

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9. That 30% of respondents invest 10%-25% of their total savings in the stock market,
followed by 25% each investing less than 10% and more than 50%, and 20% investing
25%-50%.

10.That most respondents perceive the risk of stock market investment as moderate
(36%), followed by high (28%), very high (23%), and low (13%)

11.The majority of respondents prefer low-risk, steady-return stocks, accounting for

40% of the total. Both high-risk, high-return and medium-risk, medium-return stocks
are equally preferred, each comprising 30% of the total responses.

12.The most common way respondents gather information about stock market
investments is through online research, with 35% of responses. Friends and family also
play a significant role, accounting for 30% of responses, followed by news/media at
20% and financial advisors at 15%.

13.The majority of respondents feel somewhat informed (30%) or neutral (35%) about
market trends and financial instruments. A smaller percentage, 25%, consider
themselves very informed, while 10% feel not informed at all.

14.The majority of respondents are either very satisfied (40%) or neutral (25%) with the
returns on their stock market investments. However, 20% expressed dissatisfaction, and
15% reported being satisfied.

15.Market volatility and difficulty in analyzing stocks are the biggest challenges faced
by respondents, each accounting for 30%. Lack of knowledge follows closely at 28%,
while 12% of respondents cite high transaction costs as a significant challenge. 16.

16..A majority of respondents (40%) strongly agree that the stock market is a good way
to build long-term wealth. However, 28% disagree and 12% strongly disagree,
indicating some skepticism about its effectiveness for long-term wealth building.

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17. Market news is the most influential factor in stock market decisions for 35% of
respondents. Expert advice and company fundamentals each play a significant role, with
25% of respondents considering them the most important, while past stock performance
influences 15%.

18. A significant portion of respondents (32%) rate their understanding of the stock market
as poor, while 18% consider their understanding very poor. On the other hand, 26% feel
they have a good understanding, and 24% rate their understanding as average.

19. A majority of respondents (41%) either agree (27%) or strongly agree (14%) that the
government should do more to promote stock market participation. However, 34% either
disagree (19%) or strongly disagree (15%), with 25% remaining neutral on the matter.

20. The overall perception of the stock market as an investment is largely positive, with
30% of respondents expressing a highly positive view and 25% having a positive outlook.
However, 25% have a negative perception, and 20% remain neutral.

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6.CONCLUSION

The study on investors perception towards Stock Market through systematic

investment plan this enables that the most of the respondents has positive attitude
towards Stock Market through systematic investment plan.In conclusion, this study
underscores the complexity of investor perceptions toward stock market investment.
Investors' attitudes, risk tolerance, economic outlook, and behavioral biases all
contribute to how they engage with the market. The findings suggest that while many
investors are optimistic about the stock market’s potential for wealth creation, they are
also influenced by fear, uncertainty, and the psychological factors that come with
market volatility.

The results of this study have important implications for both investors and
financial institutions. Investors are advised to improve their financial literacy, adopt a
long-term perspective, and make investment decisions based on sound analysis rather
than emotional reactions. Financial institutions, on their part, should focus on
providing better educational resources, tailored investment products, and advisory
services that help investors make informed decisions.

Lastly, policymakers and regulators should continue to foster a transparent

and stable market environment, where investors feel confident and are protected from
market manipulation and misinformation. By addressing the various factors that
influence investor perceptions, it is possible to create a more robust, stable, and
accessible stock market for all participants.

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ANNEXURE

A study on Investors' Perception Towards Stock Market Investment

SIP Questionnaire
Name of the company:
Designation:

1. Age Group:
a) 18-25
b) 25–35
c) 36–45
d) 46–55
e) Above 55

2.Gender
a)Male
b)Female

3.Education Level:
a) High School
b) graduates
c) postgraduate
d) Professional Certification

4. Occupation:
a) Student
b) Salaried Employee
c) self-employed
d) Retired
e) Other (please specify)

5.Annual Income (in local currency):

a) Below250000

b) B.250000- 500000

c) C.500000-1000000

d) E.100000-2000000

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6. How long have you been investing in the stock market?

a) Less than 1 year
b) 1–3 years
c) 3-5 years
d) More than 5 years

7.What is your primary objective for investing in the stock market?

a) wealth creation
b) Retirement planning
c) Short-term gains
d) Diversification

8. How frequently do you invest in the stock market?

a) daily
b) weekly
c) Monthly
d) Occasionally

9.What percentage of your total savings do you invest in the stock market?
a)Less than 10%
b)10%–25%
c)25%–50%
d)More than 50%

10. How do you perceive the risk associated with stock market investment?
a)very high
b)High
c)Moderately
d) low

11. What type of stocks do you prefer?

a) High-risk, high-return stocks

b) Medium-risk, medium-return stocks
c) Low-risk, steady-return stocks

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12. How do you gather information about stock market investments?

a) Financial advisors
b) online research
c) news/media
d) Friends/family

13. How well-informed do you feel about market trends and financial instruments?
a) Very informed
b) Somewhat informed
c) Neutral
d) Dissatisfied

14. How satisfied are you with the returns on your stock market investments?
a)Very satisfied
b)Satisfied
c)Neutral
d)Dissatisfied

15. What are the biggest challenges you face as an investor in the stock market?
a)Lack of knowledge
b)market volatility
c)Difficulty in analyzing stocks
d)High transaction costs

16.How do you believe the stock market is a good way to build long-term wealth
a)strongly agree
b) Agree
c)disagree
d)strongly disagree

17.factors influence your stock market decisions the most.

a)market news
b)expert advice
c)past performance of stock
d)company funadamentals

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18.The Level of understanding of Stock market .

a)very poor
b) poor
c)good
d)Average

19.how do you think the government should do more to promote stock

market participation.
a))strongly agree
b) Agree
c)neutral
d)Disagree
e)strongly disagree

20.How the overall perception of the stock market as an investment.

a)Highly positivie
b0Positive
c)Neutral
e)negative

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Reference Books

1. Damodaran, A. (2012). Investment Valuation: Tools and Techniques for Determining the
Value of Any Asset. Wiley.

2. Graham, B. (2006). The Intelligent Investor. Harper Business.

3. . Bodie, Z., Kane, A., & Marcus, A. J. (2018). Investments. McGraw-Hill Education.

4. Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New Age

International Publishers.

5. Fischer, D. E., & Jordan, R. J. (1995). Security Analysis and Portfolio Management.
Pearson.

Websites
https://www.scribd.com/
https://stock.google.com/stock
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

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