ROOTS OF NON-LINEAR FUNCTION
NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD
WHAT IS NON-LINEAR EQUATION
A non-linear equation is an equation in which the
variable(s) do not appear in a linear manner. This
means that the equation cannot be expressed as a
straight line when graphed. Non-linear equations
can include polynomial equations of degree greater
than one, exponential equations, logarithmic
equations, trigonometric equations, and more.
EXAMPLES NON-LINEAR EQUATIONS:
one-dimensional equations
• x²-6x + 9 = 0
• x - cos(x) = 0
• exp(x) ln(x²) -x cos(x) = 0
two-dimensional equation
[y² (1-x)] = x³
(x² + y² )= 1
FOR EXAMPLE, THE FOLLOWING ARE NON-LINEAR EQUATIONS:
For example, the following are non-linear equations:
• y=x^2+3x+2 (quadratic)
• y=e^x (exponential)
• y=sin(x) (trigonometric)
In contrast, a linear equation has the form y=mx+by = mx +
by=mx+b, where mmm and bbb are constants, and the graph is a
straight line. Non-linear equations often have more complex
graphs, such as curves or multiple branches.
INTRODUCTION
Given - a continuous nonlinear function f (x) find the value x = c
such that f(c) = 0.
The nonlinear equation, f (x)=0, may be
# an algebraic equation
# a transcendental equation
# a solution of a differential equation
# any nonlinear function of x.
BEHAVIOR OF NONLINEAR FUNCTIONS
a) a single real root
b) no real roots exist
(but complex roots may exist)
c) two simple roots
d) three simple roots
BEHAVIOR OF NONLINEAR FUNCTIONS (CONT.)
e) two multiple roots
f) three multiple roots
g) one simple root and two
multiple roots
h) multiple roots
THE NEWTON RAPHSON METHOD
• Newton-Raphson method, also known as the Newton's Method,
is the simplest and fastest approach to find the root of a function.
• The Newton Raphson Method is referred to as one of the most
commonly used techniques for finding the roots of given
equations. It can be efficiently generalised to find solutions to a
system of equations. Moreover, we can show that when we
approach the root, the method is quadratically convergent. .
ROOTS OF NON-LINEAR FUNCTION Borcelle School
NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD
• The Newton-Raphson method is sometimes referred to as the "tangent
method" because it uses the concept of tangents to approximate the roots
of a function.
Here's how it works:
1. Initial Guess: You start with an initial guess � 0 for the root of the function
2. Tangent Line: At this point the method finds the tangent line to the
function. The equation of this tangent line is derived from the function's
derivative � ′(� 0)
ROOTS OF NON-LINEAR FUNCTION Borcelle School
NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD
3. Intersection: The point where this tangent line intersects the x-axis provides
the next approximation
4. Iteration: This process is repeated, using the new approximation to find
further intersections, until you converge on a root.
THE END
