Science 4 Quarter 1 Week 5

Effects of Changes in Materials

Unlocking Content Area Vocabulary

1. Habitat - It is the natural home or environment of a plant, animal, or other organism.
It provides the organisms that live there with food, water, shelter, and space to survive.
2. Pollution- It is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment.
3. Corrosion- It is commonly defined as the deterioration of a material (usually a metal)
or its properties because of a reaction with its environment.
4. Ecosystem- It is a geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms, as
well as weather and landscape, work together to form a bubble of life.
5. Combustion- t is the chemical reaction that occurs between substances when
materials burn.

Day 1
“Harmful effects of Physical Changes”
1. Too Much Evaporation. Evaporation is when water turns into vapor and goes up into the
air, like when a puddle dries up in the sun. Too much evaporation means a lot of water is
disappearing from where it should be, like from lakes, rivers, or even the soil.
Harmful Effects:
● Drying Up of Water Sources
● Increase in Droughts.

2. Melting of Glaciers: Glaciers are huge masses of ice that are very important because
they store a lot of fresh water. When they melt, they turn into water, which flows into rivers
and oceans.
Harmful Effects:
● Rising Sea Levels
● Loss of Habitat

“Harmful Effects of Chemical Change”

1. Air Pollution: Chemical changes can release harmful gases into the air, like when cars
burn fuel or factories produce smoke.
Harmful Effects:
● Respiratory Problems
● Environmental Damage

2. Water Contamination: Chemical changes can also happen in water, like when factories
dump waste into rivers or when fertilizers from farms wash into lakes.
Harmful Effects:
● Health Risks
● Harm to Aquatic Life

3. Soil Degradation: Chemical changes in the soil can occur when pesticides, herbicides, or
other chemicals are used in farming or gardening.
Harmful Effects:
● Loss of Fertility
● Contamination of Food

4. Corrosion: Corrosion is a chemical change that happens when metals react with
substances in the environment, like oxygen or water.
Harmful Effects:
 Damage to Structures
 Costly Repairs

5. Acid Rain: Chemical reactions in the atmosphere can produce acids that fall back to Earth
as rain, snow, or fog.
Harmful Effects:
● Damage to Ecosystems.
● Deterioration of Buildings and Monuments

6. Groundwater Contamination: Chemicals from industrial spills, landfills, or agricultural

runoff can seep into the ground and contaminate groundwater sources.
Harmful Effects:
● Health Risks
● Long-Term Environmental Damage

Day 2
“Minimizing Harmful Effects in Changes in Properties of Materials”
1. Recycling:
● Benefit to Humans: Recycling reduces the need for raw materials, lowering production costs
for goods made from recycled materials. It also creates job opportunities in the recycling
industry.
● Recycling conserves natural resources, reduces energy consumption, and minimizes
greenhouse gas emissions associated with resource extraction and manufacturing processes.

2. Reducing Consumption:
● By consuming less, individuals can save money, reduce clutter in their homes, and lead
simpler, less stressful lifestyles.
● Reduced consumption decreases the demand for new materials, helping to conserve natural
resources and minimize environmental degradation associated with resource extraction and
production.

3. Reusing Items:
● Reusing items saves money by extending the lifespan of products and reducing the need for
frequent replacements. It also fosters creativity and innovation in finding new uses for old
items.
● Reusing items conserves resources and reduces waste generation, lowering the burden on
landfills and minimizing pollution from disposal.

4. Choosing Eco-friendly Alternatives:

● Eco-friendly alternatives often contain fewer harmful chemicals, making them safer for
human health. Reducing exposure to toxins may also promote a healthier lifestyle.
● Eco-friendly materials are typically biodegradable, compostable, or recyclable, reducing
their environmental impact and promoting sustainable resource use.

5. Proper Disposal:
● Benefit to Humans: Proper disposal practices help prevent pollution and contamination of air, water, and soil,
safeguarding human health and well-being.
● Proper disposal minimizes the release of hazardous substances into the environment,
preserving ecosystem health and biodiversity.

6. Conservation and Preservation:

● Conservation efforts protect natural habitats and ecosystems, providing recreational
opportunities, clean air and water, and essential ecosystem services that support human
livelihoods.
● Conservation and preservation initiatives safeguard biodiversity, mitigate climate change,
and maintain ecological balance, ensuring natural systems' long-term health and resilience.

7. Education and Awareness:

● Education and awareness campaigns empower individuals to make informed choices and
take action to reduce their environmental footprint, leading to healthier and more sustainable
lifestyles.
● Benefit to the Environment: Increased awareness fosters a culture of environmental
stewardship and promotes collective efforts to address environmental challenges, leading to
more effective conservation and sustainability initiatives.
Day 3
“Proper Ways of Handling of Reactive Materials”
Examples of reactive materials and how to properly handle these materials:
1. Bleach: Bleach is a common household cleaner that contains sodium hypochlorite,
which can react with acids (like vinegar) to produce chlorine gas, a toxic substance.
✔Always use bleach in a well-ventilated area to prevent the buildup of chlorine gas.
✔ Never mix bleach with acids (like vinegar) or ammonia-based cleaners to avoid the
production of toxic gases.
✔ Wear gloves and protective eyewear to avoid skin and eye irritation when handling bleach.
✔ Follow the manufacturer's instructions for dilution and usage carefully.

2. Ammonia: Ammonia is often found in household cleaning products. It can react with
bleach to produce toxic chloramine vapors.
✔ Use ammonia-based cleaners in well-ventilated areas to prevent inhalation of fumes.
✔ Never mix ammonia with bleach, as this can produce toxic chloramine vapors.
✔ Wear gloves and protective eyewear to prevent skin and eye irritation when handling
✔ Store batteries in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and sources of heat.
✔ Dispose of batteries properly according to local regulations, and never incinerate them.

3. Drain Cleaners: Drain cleaners often contain highly reactive chemicals like sodium
hydroxide or sulfuric acid, which can cause burns if not handled properly.
✔ Use drain cleaners in a well-ventilated area and avoid inhaling fumes.
✔ Wear gloves and protective eyewear when handling drain cleaners to prevent skin and eye
irritation.
✔ Never mix drain cleaners with other chemicals, as this can produce hazardous reactions.

4. Oven Cleaners: Oven cleaners may contain strong alkalis like sodium hydroxide, which
can react with organic matter to dissolve grease and grime.
✔ Use oven cleaners according to the manufacturer's instructions and avoid prolonged skin
contact.
✔ Wear gloves and protective eyewear when handling oven cleaners to prevent skin and eye
irritation.
✔ Ensure proper ventilation when using oven cleaners to avoid inhaling fumes.

5. Hydrogen Peroxide: Hydrogen peroxide, commonly used as a disinfectant, can react with
certain metals (like copper or iron) to produce oxygen gas.
✔ Handle hydrogen peroxide with care and avoid contact with metals to prevent the
production of oxygen gas.
✔ Store hydrogen peroxide in a cool, dark place away from sources of heat and light.
✔ Do not mix hydrogen peroxide with other chemicals unless directed to do so by a qualified
professional.

6. Matches and Lighters: Matches and lighters contain reactive materials like
phosphorus or flammable gases, which ignite when struck or activated. ammonia.
✔ Store ammonia-based cleaners in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and sources of
heat.

7. Aluminum Foil: Aluminum foil can react with acidic foods like tomatoes or citrus fruits,
releasing hydrogen gas.
✔ Avoid using aluminum foil with acidic foods to prevent the release of hydrogen gas.
✔ Store aluminum foil in a cool, dry place away from sources of moisture to prevent corrosion.

8. Batteries: Household batteries contain reactive materials like lithium, zinc, or alkaline
electrolytes. If batteries are damaged or improperly disposed of, they can leak corrosive
chemicals or even explode.
✔ Handle batteries with care and avoid damaging them to prevent leaks or explosions.
✔ Store matches and lighters in a safe place out of children's reach and away from heat
sources.
✔ Handle matches and lighters with care to prevent accidental ignition.
✔ Never leave matches or lighters unattended, and ensure they are fully extinguished after
use.

9. Household Cleaners: Many household cleaners contain reactive chemicals such as acids,
bases, or oxidizing agents, which can be hazardous if mixed together or handled improperly.
✔ Read and follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper usage and storage of household
cleaners.
✔ Avoid mixing different household cleaners together to prevent hazardous reactions.
✔ Wear gloves and protective eyewear to avoid skin and eye irritation when handling
household cleaners.

Day 4