CE 412
Principles of Transportation
Engineering
Traffic Assignment
Kathleen Mae B. Alucilja, CE
At the end of this Module, students must be able
to:
ILO3. Compute Travel Demand Forecasting
ILO4. Analyze Travel Demand Data
Traffic Assignment Models
Aim to determine the number of These models try to mathematically
trips on different links (road describe the ROUTE CHOICE phase
sections) of the network given the of the sequential demand analysis
travel demand between the procedure.
different pairs of nodes (zones) https://au.news.yahoo.com
CE 412 Traffic Assignment
Traffic Assignment Models
Various models of traffic assignment These model, however, differ in their
assume that travel time on the link assumptions concerning the
is the only factor which the variation in link travel times with
trip-makers consider while choosing the link volume (or link flow)
a route. https://au.news.yahoo.com
CE 412 Traffic Assignment
Three Models presented here:
• All-or-nothing assignment model
• Incremental-assignment model
• User-equilibrium model
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CE 412 Traffic Assignment
Common notations used in these models
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CE 412 Traffic Assignment
All-or-nothing Assignment Model
Assumptions: Based on these assumptions about
• The travel times on links do not travel times and the postulate that
vary with link flows a trip-maker will choose that path
(or route) which minimizes his/her
travel time, this assignment model
• All trip-makers (users) have assigns all the trips between a
precise knowledge of the travel particular origin and destination
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times on the links. pair to that route which offers the
minimum travel time.
CE 412 Traffic Assignment
All-or-nothing Assignment Model
Assignment algorithm
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CE 412 Traffic Assignment
EXAMPLE for
All-or-nothing
Assignment
Model
CE 412 Traffic Assignment
CE 412 Traffic Assignment
CE 412 Traffic Assignment
Incremental-Assignment Model
The incremental-assignment model,
in addition to the postulate that Under this assumption, the ideal
each trip-maker chooses a path so way to assign traffic volume would
as to minimize his/her travel time, be to assign a single trip to the road
also assumes that the travel time network assuming that the travel
on a link varies with the flow on time on links during the assignment
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that link. is constant.
CE 412 Traffic Assignment
Incremental-Assignment Model
We could then update the travel
times and repeat the process till all The incremental-assignment models
the trips are assigned. try to approximate this ideal
process by dividing the total
However, this procedure is not number of trips into a few smaller
practical as any network would parts and then assigning each part
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typically have a very large number with a constant link travel time.
of trips.
CE 412 Traffic Assignment
Incremental-Assignment Model
Algorithm
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CE 412 Traffic Assignment
EXAMPLE for Incremental-Assignment Model
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CE 412 Traffic Assignment
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CE 412 Traffic Assignment
CE 412 Traffic Assignment
CE 412 Traffic Assignment
CE 412 Traffic Assignment
User-Equilibrium Model
Based on the fact that humas Flows on links (whose travel times are
choose a route so as to assumed to vary with flow) are said to be
minimize their travel time in equilibrium when no trip-maker can
and on the assumption that improve his/her travel time by unilaterally
such a behavior on the shifting to another route.
individual level creates an
EQUILIBRIUM at the system This notion of equilibrium flows is
(or network) level. generally referred to as WARDROP’S
PRINCIPLE.
CE 412 Traffic Assignment
User-Equilibrium Model
Before presenting the model
which can determine such
equilibrium flows on a
network, the idea of
equilibrium flows or the
concept of user-equilibrium
needs to be explained
further.
CE 412 Traffic Assignment
User-Equilibrium Model
Consider the network shown,
gives the travel time function
for each of the three single
link routes between origin
and destination. The total
demand for O-D is 110
CE 412 Traffic Assignment
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CE 412 Traffic Assignment
CE 412 Traffic Assignment
CE 412 Traffic Assignment
EXAMPLE for User-Equilibrium Model
CE 412 Traffic Assignment
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CE 412 Traffic Assignment
END
Group Project/Exercise will be given through vle
CE 412
