PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

1) DIVISION OF WORK –Division of work refers to the arrangement where each worker is
assigned a specific task or role according to their expertise and skills. DIVISION ALWAYS
LEADS TO SPECALISATION. By dividing labour, organizations can achieve greater output and
streamline processes, although it requires careful planning and management to ensure
balanced workloads and effective communication among team members. The intent of
division of work is to produce more and better work for the same effort. Specialisation is the
best way to utilise human effort.

POSITIVE EFFECTS OF PRINCIPLE ON THE ORGANISATION

 Increased Efficiency: Specialization allows employees to become experts in their tasks,

leading to faster and more accurate work.
 Higher Productivity: Each team member focusing on a specific task can significantly boost
overall output.
 Skill Development: Continuous focus on a particular task helps in honing specific skills and
expertise.
 Time Savings: Reduced time spent switching between tasks enhances speed and reduces
downtime.
 Enhanced Quality: Specialized workers are likely to deliver higher quality results due to their
focus on singular tasks.
 Clear Responsibilities: Clearly defined roles help in guiding accountability and streamline
decision-making processes.

CONSEQUENSEC OF VOILATION

 Reduced Efficiency: Without specialization, employees may take longer to complete tasks
due to a lack of expertise.
 Lower Productivity: Frequent task-switching can reduce the overall output and effectiveness
of employees.
 Poor Quality: Tasks not performed by specialized workers might result in errors and lower
the quality of work.
 Increased Stress: Employees may experience stress and burnout due to unclear roles and
responsibilities.
 Ineffective Use of Resources: Misallocation of tasks can lead to underutilization of
employees' skills and potential.
 Communication Issues: Lack of defined roles can create confusion and hinder effective
communication within teams.
2) AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILTY – Authority is the right to give orders and obtain obedience
and responsibility refers to the obligation or duty assigned to a team member or individual
to complete specific tasks, deliverables, or activities within a project. There should be
balance between the authority and responsibility of the employee. If authority of an
employee is less than responsibility then the person would be ineffective.

POSITIVE EFFECTS OF PRINCIPLE ON THE ORGANISATION

Faster Decision-Making - When authority is delegated alongside responsibility, employees

are empowered to make decisions without having to constantly seek approval from higher-
ups. Managers can focus on strategic issues rather than being bogged down by
micromanaging operational tasks.

 Responsibility - Ensures that employees are aware of their duties and are held
accountable for their actions. When individuals clearly understand their responsibilities, they
take ownership of tasks, leading to better outcomes.

Alignment with Organizational Goals - Clear responsibility ensures that all employees
understand how their roles contribute to the broader objectives of the organization.
Authority ensures they have the necessary tools and power to meet these goals.

Better Risk Management and Problem Solving - When employees have clear
responsibilities and authority, they can respond to issues and risks more effectively.
Authority enables them to take corrective actions quickly, while responsibility ensures they
are committed to resolving problems in their area of influence.

CONSEQUENCES OF VOILATION

Lack of Accountability - When responsibility is violated (i.e., tasks are not performed or
obligations are ignored), there is a breakdown in accountability. Employees may avoid
taking ownership of tasks, leading to a culture of blame-shifting.

Reduced Productivity - A mismatch between responsibility and authority creates

inefficiencies. Employees who are unsure of their responsibilities or lack the authority to
complete tasks efficiently will struggle to perform.

High Employee Turnover - Employees who feel they are given too much responsibility
without the authority to fulfill their roles are likely to become disengaged and frustrated.
Similarly, those who are unclear about their responsibilities or authority are less satisfied
with their work environment.
APPLICABILITY OF PRINCIPLE OF MANAGEMENT

DIVISION OF WORK

ACCORDING TO OBSERVATION

Specialization of Roles

 In the hospital, tasks are highly specialized, with different departments and personnel
focusing on specific aspects of patient care, administration, and support services. For
example:

o Doctors specialize in medical diagnosis, treatment, and surgery.

o Nurses specialize in patient care, monitoring, and administration of medication.

o Pharmacists focus on preparing and dispensing medications.

o Administrative staff handle appointments, billing, and record-keeping.

Departments and Units

The Hospital is divided into various departments or units based on the type of care or medical
services provided. Each department has specialized staff, equipment, and procedures tailored to its
function:

 Emergency Department (ED): Handles immediate and acute medical emergencies with
specialized trauma teams, ER doctors, and nurses trained to manage life-threatening
conditions.

 Surgical Department: Dedicated to pre- and post-operative care, with surgeons, surgical
nurses, and anesthesiologists collaborating on procedures.

 Maternity and Neonatal Units: Specialized in childbirth and newborn care, with
obstetricians, midwives, neonatal nurses, and pediatricians.

ACCORDING TO INTERVIEW

Q Are you satisfied with the current division of work in your department?

 Overall, the division of work is clear, but I think adding more support staff during busy
times could help. Sometimes, administrative tasks take time away from patient care.

 If we see the organisation as whole then in our point of view we have the best division of
work across all the hospitals localy

Q Do you feel the division of tasks among your colleagues is fair and balanced, or are certain
 individuals overburdened with more work than others?

Conclusion on the Applicability of Division of Work

The division of work in hospitals is crucial for ensuring efficient operations, optimal patient care,
and effective collaboration among various healthcare providers. Through the careful allocation of
tasks and clear definition of roles, hospitals can enhance productivity, reduce redundancy, and
minimize the risk of errors.

RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTHORITY

ACCORDING TO OBSERVATION

Clear Role Definition

 Responsibility: Each staff member, from administrative personnel to doctors to nurses, has
specific responsibilities based on their role. Defining these responsibilities helps ensure
that all necessary tasks are covered, such as patient care, documentation, and
administrative duties.

 Authority: Authority allows staff to make decisions and take actions necessary to fulfill
their responsibilities. For example, senior nurses get the authority to do post check ups on
the patient even if the specific doctor is not present it helps in taking good care of the
patient.

Delegation of Tasks

 Effective delegation relies on a clear understanding of both responsibility and authority.

Supervisors must delegate tasks based on the skills and qualifications of their team
members, ensuring that authority is matched with responsibility.

 For example, Dr kirtika Tarwala has delegated certain patient care responsibilities to a
senior nurse, who is then authorized to lead a team in carrying out those duties.

ON THE BASIS OF INTERVIEW

Can you describe your primary responsibilities in your role?

Is there imbalance btw the responsibility and authority of the staff or management.