1 Solving Linear Equations GO DIGITAL

1.1 Solving Simple Equations

1.2 Solving Multi-Step Equations
1.3 Modeling Quantities
1.4 Accuracy with Measurements
1.5 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides
1.6 Solving Absolute Value Equations
1.7 Rewriting Equations and Formulas

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC EXPLORER

Dalal Hanna
Ecologist Dalal Hanna specializes in how to sustain Earth’s environment.
She focuses on different ways rivers contribute to human well-being, and
has published research on mercury contamination in African freshwater
fish. Hanna has also developed the podcast “Science Faction” which
explores discoveries in all fields of science.
• What are ways that you can conserve water?
• How much water is used to take a 5-minute shower? a 10-minute
shower? a 15-minute shower?
• How much water is conserved if 10,000 people each use 10 fewer gallons
of water every month?

STEM
Water conservation is
critical for human health
and development. In the
Performance Task, you will
make a plan to conserve water
in your own daily life.

Water Conservation

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb cx 4/29/20 7:59 AM

 GO DIGITAL

Preparing for Chapter

Chapter Learning Target
1
Understand solving linear equations.
Chapter Success Criteria I can solve simple and multi-step equations.
I can describe how to solve equations.
I can analyze the measurements used to solve a problem and
judge the level of accuracy appropriate for the solution. Surface
I can apply equation-solving techniques to solve real-life Deep
problems.

VOCAB Chapter Vocabulary

Work with a partner. Discuss each of the vocabulary terms.

solution ratio rate

equivalent equations proportion accuracy

Mathematical Practices
Construct Viable Arguments and Critique the Reasoning of Others
Mathematically proficient students justify conclusions, communicate them to others, and
respond to the arguments of others.

Work with a partner. The chart shows the population and the average amount of
freshwater used daily in the United States from 1960 to 2015.

Average Daily Freshwater Use and Total Population

400 400
Population (millions)
(billions of gallons)

350 350
Freshwater used

300 300
250 250
200 200
150 150
100 100
50 50
0 0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Year

1. Make several observations about the data in the chart.

2. What conclusions can you make about water conservation efforts in the
United States? Explain your reasoning to another pair.

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 1 4/29/20 8:00 AM

 1
GO DIGITAL

Prepare WITH

Adding and Subtracting Rational Numbers

WATCH
Example 1 Evaluate 4.5 + (−12.5).
∣ −12.5 ∣ > ∣ 4.5 ∣. So, subtract ∣ 4.5 ∣ from ∣ −12.5 ∣.
4.5 + (−12.5) = −8
Use the sign of −12.5.

Example 2 Evaluate −7 − ( −—52 ).

WATCH

( )
−7 − −—52 = −7 + —52 Add the opposite of −—52.
= −—92 Add.

Add or subtract.

1. −5 + (−2) 2. 0 + (−13) 3. −6 + 14

1 3
4. 1.9 − (−3) 5. −—2 − —2 6. −5.6 − (−7.2)

4
7. —5 + —
10
3 8
8. —3 + −—3 ( ) 1
9. 11.5 − 5—2
1

Multiplying and Dividing Rational Numbers

WATCH
Example 3 Evaluate −3.5 (−5). ⋅
The numbers have the same sign.

⋅
−3.5 (−5) = 17.5
The product is positive.
Example 4 Evaluate —15 ÷ (−3).
WATCH

The numbers have different signs.

1 1
—5 ÷ (−3) = −—
15

The quotient is negative.

Multiply or divide.

10. −3 (8) 11. −7 (−9) ⋅ ⋅

12. 4 (−7)

1
13. −—4 ÷ (−6) 14. −1.6 ÷ 2 15. 1.2 ÷ (−3)

3
16. —4 —2 ⋅ 1 4
17. —3 ÷ —9
4
18. −3.5(−4.25)

19. LOGIC Describe the signs of two rational numbers when (a) their sum is positive,
(b) their product is positive, and (c) their quotient is positive. Give examples to support
your answers.

2 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 2 4/29/20 8:01 AM

 1.1 Solving Simple Equations GO DIGITAL

Learning Target Write and solve one-step linear equations.

Success Criteria • I can apply properties of equality to produce equivalent equations.

• I can solve linear equations using addition, subtraction, multiplication,
or division.
• I can write linear equations that model real-life situations.

EXPLORE IT Modeling a Real-Life Problem

Work with a partner. The Okavango Delta is the largest freshwater wetland
in southern Africa and is the main source of water for one million people.

Water Flow in the Okavango Delta

1000

900

800
Flow rate (m3 per sec)

Math Practice 700

Use a Graph 600

How can you use the 500
graph to determine the
400
quantities involved and
the relationship between 300
the quantities? 200

100

0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
Month

a. What does the graph show? Make several observations from the graph.

b. When the water flow was at its peak, about how long did it take
100,000 cubic meters of water to flow past a point in the Okavango Delta?
Explain your reasoning.

c. Your friend uses an equation to answer part (b) as shown. Is your friend’s
reasoning valid? Explain.

f = 800t
100,000 = 800t
100,000
—=t
800
1000
—=t
8
125 sec = t m3 = m 3 × —
m3 ÷ —
sec
= sec
sec m3

1.1 Solving Simple Equations 3

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 3 4/29/20 8:01 AM

 Solving Equations Using Addition
or Subtraction GO DIGITAL

An equation is a statement that two expressions are equal. A linear equation in one
Vocabulary variable is an equation that can be written in the form ax + b = 0, where a and b are
equation, p. 4 constants and a ≠ 0. When you solve an equation, you use properties of real numbers
linear equation to find a solution, which is a value that makes the equation true.
in one variable, p. 4 Equivalent equations are equations that have the same solution(s). When you perform
solution, p. 4 the same operation on each side of an equation, you produce an equivalent equation.
equivalent equations, p. 4

KEY IDEA
Addition, Subtraction, and Substitution Properties of Equality
Adding or subtracting the same number on each side of an equation produces an
equivalent equation.
Addition Property of Equality If a = b, then a + c = b + c.
Subtraction Property of Equality If a = b, then a − c = b − c.

Substitution Property of Equality If a = b, then a can be substituted for b

REMEMBER (or b for a) in any equation or expression.
Two operations that undo
each other, such as addition
and subtraction, are inverse
operations. Use inverse EXAMPLE 1 Solving Equations Using Addition or Subtraction
operations to isolate
Solve each equation. Justify each step. Check your solution.
the variable.
a. x − 3 = −5 b. 0.9 = y + 2.8

SOLUTION
a. x − 3 = −5 Write the equation.
Check
Undo the subtraction. +3 +3 Addition Property of Equality x − 3 = −5
x = −2 Simplify. ?
−2 − 3 = −5
The solution is x = −2. −5 = −5 ✓

b. 0.9 = y + 2.8 Write the equation. Check

Undo the addition. − 2.8 − 2.8 Subtraction Property of Equality 0.9 = y + 2.8
−1.9 = y Simplify. ?
0.9 = −1.9 + 2.8
The solution is y = −1.9. 0.9 = 0.9 ✓

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

Solve the equation. Justify each step. Check your solution.

1 2
1. n + 3 = −7 2. g − —3 = −—3 3. −6.5 = p + 3.9

4. VOCABULARY Are the equations 6x = −5 and −1 = 6x + 4 equivalent? Explain

your reasoning.

4 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 4 4/29/20 8:02 AM

 Solving Equations Using Multiplication
or Division GO DIGITAL

KEY IDEA
Multiplication and Division Properties of Equality
Multiplying or dividing each side of an equation by the same nonzero number
REMEMBER produces an equivalent equation.

⋅ ⋅
Multiplication and division
Multiplication Property of Equality If a = b, then a c = b c, c ≠ 0.
are inverse operations.
a b
Division Property of Equality If a = b, then — = —, c ≠ 0.
c c

EXAMPLE 2 Solving Equations Using Multiplication or Division

Solve each equation. Justify each step. Check your solution.

n
a. −— = −3 b. πx = −2π c. 1.3z = 5.2
5

SOLUTION
n
a. −— = −3 Write the equation. Check
5
n
Undo the division. −5 ⋅( )
n
−— = −5 (−3)
5 ⋅ Multiplication Property
of Equality
−— = −3
5
15 ?
− — = −3
n = 15 Simplify. 3
The solution is n = 15. −3 = −3 ✓
b. πx = −2π Write the equation. Check
πx −2π πx = −2π
Undo the multiplication. —=— Division Property of Equality
π π ?
x = −2 Simplify. π (−2) = −2π

The solution is x = −2. −2π = −2π ✓

c. 1.3z = 5.2 Write the equation. Check
1.3z 5.2 1.3z = 5.2
Undo the multiplication. —=— Division Property of Equality
1.3 1.3 ?
z=4 Simplify. 1.3(4) = 5.2

The solution is z = 4.
5.2 = 5.2 ✓

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

Solve the equation. Justify each step. Check your solution.

y
5. — = −6 6. z ÷ 25 = −4.5 7. 9π = π x 8. 0.05w = 1.4
3

9. WHICH ONE DOESN'T BELONG? Which equation does not belong with the other three?
Explain your reasoning.

x x
8=— 3=x÷4 x−6=5 —=9
2 3

1.1 Solving Simple Equations 5

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 5 4/29/20 8:02 AM

 Solving Real-Life Problems
GO DIGITAL

KEY IDEA
Problem-Solving Plan
1. Understand the Problem What is the unknown? What information is given?
What is being asked?
2. Make a Plan Decide how you will solve the problem. Your plan might involve
one or more of the problem-solving strategies shown on the next page.
3. Solve and Check Carry out your plan. Examine your solution. Then check that
your solution makes sense in the original statement of the problem.

EXAMPLE 3 Modeling Real Life

In the 2016 Olympics, Usain Bolt won the

200-meter dash with a time of 19.78 seconds.
Find his average speed to the nearest hundredth
of a meter per second.

SOLUTION
1. Understand the Problem You know the
winning time and the distance of the race.
REMEMBER You are asked to find his average speed.
The formula that relates 2. Make a Plan Use the Distance Formula to
distance d, rate or speed r, write an equation that represents the problem.
and time t is Then solve the equation.
d = rt. 3. Solve and Check
⋅
d=r t Write the Distance Formula.
200 = r ⋅ 19.78 Substitute 200 for d and 19.78 for t.
200 19.78r
—=— Division Property of Equality
19.78 19.78
10.11 ≈ r Simplify.
REMEMBER Bolt’s average speed was about 10.11 meters per second.
The symbol ≈ means
“approximately equal to.”
Check Reasonableness Round Bolt’s average speed to 10 meters per second.
At this speed, it would take
10 m 1 sec
200 m ÷ — = 200 m × — = 20 sec
1 sec 10 m
to run 200 meters. Because 20 is close to 19.78, your solution is reasonable.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

10. In 2015, an autonomous vehicle drove from the Golden Gate Bridge to New York City at an average
speed of 15.7 miles per hour. The journey took 9 days. About how far did the vehicle travel?
11. In the 2012 Olympics, Usain Bolt ran the 200-meter dash at an average speed of about 10.35 meters
per second. Was he faster in 2012 or in 2016? By how many seconds?

6 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 6 4/29/20 8:03 AM

 KEY IDEA GO DIGITAL
Common Problem-Solving Strategies
Use a verbal model. Guess, check, and revise.
Draw a diagram. Sketch a graph or number line.
Write an equation. Make a table.
Look for a pattern. Make a list.
Work backward. Break the problem into parts.

EXAMPLE 4 Modeling Real Life

On January 22, 1943, the temperature in Spearfish, South Dakota, fell from 54°F
at 9:00 a.m. to − 4°F at 9:27 a.m. How many degrees did the temperature fall?
SOLUTION
1. Understand the Problem You know the temperature before and after
the temperature fell. You are asked to find how many degrees the
temperature fell.
2. Make a Plan Use a verbal model to write an equation that represents
the problem. Then solve the equation.
3. Solve and Check
Verbal Temperature Temperature Number of degrees
= −
Model at 9:27 a.m. at 9:00 a.m. the temperature fell

Variable Let T be the number of degrees Fahrenheit the temperature fell.

Equation −4 = 54 − T

−4 = 54 − T Write the equation.

−4 − 54 = 54 − 54 − T Subtraction Property of Equality
−58 = − T Simplify.
58 = T Divide each side by − 1.

The temperature fell 58°F.

Check The temperature fell from 54 degrees above 0 to 4 degrees below 0.

You can use a number line to check your solution.
58
✓
−8 −4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

12. You thought the balance in your savings account was $68.33, but you forgot
ot to
record a withdrawal. Your statement lists your balance as $26.33. How
much was the withdrawal that you forgot to record?
13. In one year, a bluefin tuna releases 300% more eggs than an Atlantic
sturgeon. The bluefin tuna releases about 10,000,000 eggs.
About how many eggs does the Atlantic sturgeon release?

1.1 Solving Simple Equations 7

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 7 4/29/20 8:03 AM

 1.1 Practice WITH AND
GO DIGITAL

In Exercises 1–10, solve the equation. Justify each step. In Exercises 23– 32, solve the equation. Check your
Check your solution. Example 1 solution.

1. x + 5 = 8 2. m + 9 = 2 23. −14 = p − 11 24. 0 = 4 + q

3. y − 4 = 3 4. s − 2 = 1 25. −8r = 64 26. x ÷ (−2) = 8

5. w + 3 = −4 6. n − 6 = −7 27. —37 m = 6
2
28. −—5 y = 4

7. 5.2 = a − 0.4 8. 1.7 = 3.1 + c 1

29. −3.8 = d ÷ 1.5 30. 2a = —5
1 3 1
9. —32 + t = —2 10. z − —4 = −—3
31. f + 3π = 7π
1 2
32. −3—6 = k − —3

11. MODELING REAL LIFE An amusement park offers a

ticket for $12.95 off the original price p. Write and ERROR ANALYSIS In Exercises 33 and 34, describe and
solve an equation to find the original price. correct the error in solving the equation.

✗
33.
−0.8 + r = 12.6
r = 12.6 + (−0.8)
r = 11.8

✗
34. m
Discounted Price: $44.00 −— = −4
3
m
12. MODELING REAL LIFE You and a friend are playing 3 ⋅( )
3 ⋅
−— = 3 (−4)
a board game. Your final score x is 12 points less than m = −12
your friend’s final score. Write and solve an equation
to find your final score.
USING TOOLS The sum of the angle measures of a
ROUND ROUND FINAL quadrilateral is 360°. In Exercises 35 and 36, write and
9 10 SCORE
solve an equation to find the value of x. Use a protractor
Your Friend to check the reasonableness of your answer.
35. 36.
You x° x°
150°
100°
In Exercises 13–22, solve the equation. Justify each step.
77°
Check your solution. Example 2 120° 48°
100°
13. 5g = 20 14. 4q = 52

15. p ÷ 5 = 3 16. y ÷ 7 = 1 37. COLLEGE PREP A baker orders 162 eggs. Each carton
contains 18 eggs. Which equation can you use to find
w the number x of cartons? Explain your reasoning and
17. −54 = 9s 18. — = 6
−3 solve the equation.
x x
19. −— = 1.4 20. −7.8 = −2.6t A 162x = 18 B — = 162
6 18
h
21. −108π = 9π r 22. 5 = — C 18x = 162 D x + 18 = 162
4π

8 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 8 4/29/20 8:04 AM

 38. REASONING Are the equations equivalent? CONNECTING CONCEPTS In Exercises 45–48,
Explain. find the height h or the area B of the base of GO DIGITAL
the solid.
1 x 45. 46.
Equation 1 x−—=—+3
2 4
h
Equation 2 4x − 2 = x + 12 7 in.

B = 147 cm2
MODELING REAL LIFE In Exercises 39– 42, write and B
solve an equation to answer the question.
Volume = 84π in.3 Volume = 1323 cm3
Examples 3 and 4
39. A swimmer wins the 50-yard freestyle with a time of 47. 5m
48.
24.76 seconds. Find the swimmer’s average speed to
h
the nearest hundredth of a yard per second.

40. The length of an B = 30 ft 2

B
American flag is
1.9 times its width.
What is the width of Volume = 15π m3 Volume = 35 ft3
the flag?
9.5 ft 49. STRUCTURE Use the values −2, 5, 9, and 10
41. The temperature at 5 p.m. is 20°F. The temperature to complete each statement about the equation
at 10 p.m. is −5°F. How many degrees did the ax = b − 5.
temperature fall? a. When a = ___ and b = ___, x is a positive integer.

42. The balance of an investment account is $308.32 b. When a = ___ and b = ___, x is a negative integer.
greater than the balance 4 years ago.
The current balance is $4708.57.
What was the balance 4 years ago? 50. HOW DO YOU SEE IT?
The circle graph shows the adoptions from a local
43. PROBLEM SOLVING You animal shelter in 1 year. How does the equation
spend $8.64 on 12 cans of cat food. 7 + 9 + 5 + 48 + x = 100 relate to the circle
Each can costs the same amount graph? How can you use this equation to find the
and is on sale for 80% of the original percent of adoptions that were cats?
price. The following week, the cans
are no longer on sale. You have
$10. Can you buy 12 more cans? Dog:
Explain your reasoning. 48% Cat:
x%

44. Tatami mats are used as a floor

covering in Japan. One possible layout uses four
identical rectangular mats and one square mat,
Hamster: Bird: 7%
as shown. The area of the square mat is half the 5% Rabbit:
area of one of the rectangular mats. The length 9%
of a rectangular mat is twice the width. Find the
dimensions of one rectangular mat. Justify
your answer.
51. REASONING One-sixth of the girls and
two-sevenths of the boys in a school marching band
are in the percussion section. The percussion section
has 6 girls and 10 boys. How many students are in the
marching band? Explain.
Total area = 81 ft2

1.1 Solving Simple Equations 9

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 9 4/29/20 8:05 AM

 52. ANALYZING RELATIONSHIPS As c increases, does 57. MAKING AN ARGUMENT In baseball,
the value of x increase, decrease, or stay the same for you calculate a player’s batting GO DIGITAL
each equation? Assume c is positive. average by dividing the number
of hits by the number of at-bats.
Equation Value of x a. How many hits does
x−c=0 Player A have?

cx = 1 b. Player B has 33 fewer

hits than Player A
cx = c but has a greater
x Player A
—=1 batting average.
c Batting Average: .296
Your friend concludes At-bats: 446
that Player B has more
REASONING In Exercises 53–56, the letters a, b, at-bats than Player A.
and c represent nonzero constants. Solve the equation Is your friend
for x. Then find values of a, b, and c for which the correct? Explain.
solution is positive.
3 58. THOUGHT PROVOKING
53. bx = −7 54. x + a = — 57
4 Find the value of N such that x − N = — and
10
x c x
55. −— = 6.5 56. — x = −b — = −2.8 are equivalent equations.
c a N

REVIEW & REFRESH

In Exercises 59–62, multiply or divide. 70. MODELING REAL LIFE A pizza shop charges
$10.99 for a large cheese pizza and $1.50 for each
3
59. —5 —9 ⋅ 4 1
60. 2—8 —3 ⋅ 2
topping. Write an expression that represents the
cost (in dollars) of a large pizza with n toppings.
3 9 1 2
61. —4 ÷ —
10
62. 4 —3 ÷ 1—5 How much does a large three-topping pizza cost?

63. Evaluate 15 − 6(7 + 5) ÷ 32. 71. The expression 14x + 3 represents the perimeter of
the triangle. What is the length of the third side?
64. Find the missing values in the ratio table. Then
write the equivalent ratios. 7x − 4
3x + 2
Calories 50 200 25
1 3
Servings —2 —2

In Exercises 65–67, simplify the expression. In Exercises 72–75, solve the equation. Justify each
step. Check your solution.
65. −5.9x − 4 + 2.3x − 6 b
72. 7 + x = −5 73. −— = 3
9
66. 4(−6m + 7)
1 5
74. −1.8t = −4.5 75. w − — = −—
67. −—13 (9y − 12) + 5y 4 6
76. Find the mean of the data.
68. MODELING REAL LIFE You have 63 red roses
and 45 white roses to make floral arrangements.
Data usage (gigabytes)
Each arrangement must be identical. What is the
greatest number of arrangements you can make 2.5 1.7 3.6 5.4
using every flower? 3.2 1.5 1.8 2.8
7 4.8 3.5 3.1 4.5
69. Write —9 as a decimal and a percent.

10 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 10 4/29/20 8:06 AM

 1.2 Solving Multi-Step Equations GO DIGITAL

Learning Target Write and solve multi-step linear equations.

Success Criteria • I can apply more than one property of equality to produce
equivalent equations.
• I can solve multi-step linear equations using inverse operations.
• I can write multi-step linear equations that model real-life
situations.

EXPLORE IT Solving a Real-Life Problem

Work with a partner. You earn $9.75 per hour at your part-time job.
Your paycheck for last week is shown.

Mobile Deposit
Pay This Amount

CONSTRUCTION COMPANY Check

C
Chec
Ch ck Number:
ck N
Number: 12
$286.65
1
1253
3
17999 Anytown Rd.
Pay D
Date:
a
ate: 1/10/20
1
1/10/2
1/10
10/2
10 20
0
Anywhere, Ohio 79643

Pay Th
This Amount
Am
m unt

TWO HUNDRED EIGHTY-SIX DOLLARS AND 65 CENTS $286.65

286.65
28 6.6
6 65
65
Pay To The
Order Of
JANE DOE VOID AFTER 90 DAYS
7251 FLOWER TOWN AVE
ANYWHERE, OH 79643

a. How many hours did you work last week? Explain how you found
your answer.

b. This week you earn the same amount as last week, but that amount
includes $39 that you earn babysitting. Without solving, determine
whether you work more hours at your part-time job this week than
last week. Explain your reasoning.

c. Find the number of hours you work this week at your part-time job.
Show two different ways to solve.

d. The equation below represents the amount of money you will earn next
week. Let h represent the number of hours you work this week.

9.75(h + 6) + 39 = 345.15
Explain what each part of the equation represents.
i. h + 6 ii. 9.75(h + 6) iii. 39

e. Solve the equation in part (d) three different ways using each of the
following as the first step.

i. Subtract 39 from each side.

Math Practice ii. Subtract 345.15 from each side.

Maintain Oversight iii. Divide each side by 9.75.

Does it matter which
step you perform first Compare the solution methods. Is one solution method more efficient
when solving? than the other solution methods? Explain your reasoning.

1.2 Solving Multi-Step Equations 11

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 11 4/29/20 8:06 AM

 Solving Multi-Step Linear Equations
GO DIGITAL

KEY IDEA
Solving Multi-Step Equations
To solve a multi-step equation, simplify each side of the equation, if necessary.
Then use inverse operations to isolate the variable.

EXAMPLE 1 Solving a Two-Step Equation

Solve 2.5x − 13 = 2. Check your solution.

SOLUTION
2.5x − 13 = 2 Write the equation.
Undo the subtraction. + 13 + 13 Addition Property of Equality
Check
2.5x = 15 Simplify. 2.5x − 13 = 2
2.5x 15 ?
Undo the multiplication. —= — Division Property of Equality 2.5(6) − 13 = 2
✓
2.5 2.5
2=2
x=6 Simplify.
The solution is x = 6.

EXAMPLE 2 Combining Like Terms to Solve an Equation

Solve −12 = 9x − 6x + 15. Check your solution.

SOLUTION
−12 = 9x − 6x + 15 Write the equation.
−12 = 3x + 15 Combine like terms.
Undo the addition. − 15 − 15 Subtraction Property of Equality
−27 = 3x Simplify. Check
−27 3x −12 = 9x − 6x + 15
Undo the multiplication. —=— Division Property of Equality ?
3 3 −12 = 9(− 9) − 6(− 9) + 15
−9 = x Simplify. −12 = −12 ✓
The solution is x = −9.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

Solve the equation. Check your solution.

1. −2n + 3 = 9 2. −21.5 = —12 c − 11 3. −2x − 10x + 12 = 18

4. COMPLETE THE SENTENCE To solve the equation 2x + 3x + 5 = 20, your friend first
combines 2x and 3x because they are _________.

5. REASONING In Example 2, explain how you know that −12 = 9x − 6x + 15

and −27 = 3x have the same solution.

12 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 12 4/29/20 8:06 AM

 Using Structure to Solve a
EXAMPLE 3
Multi-Step Equation GO DIGITAL

Solve 2(1 − x) + 3 = − 8. Check your solution.

SOLUTION
Method 1 One way to solve the equation is by using the Distributive Property.
2(1 − x) + 3 = −8 Write the equation.
2(1) − 2(x) + 3 = −8 Distributive Property
REMEMBER 2 − 2x + 3 = −8 Multiply.
The Distributive Property
states the following for
−2x + 5 = −8 Combine like terms.
real numbers a, b, and c. −5 −5 Subtraction Property of Equality
Sum −2x = −13 Simplify.
a(b + c) = ab + ac
−2x −13
Difference —=— Division Property of Equality
−2 −2
a(b − c) = ab − ac
x = 6.5 Simplify. Check
The solution is x = 6.5. 2(1 − x) + 3 = − 8
?
2(1 − 6.5) + 3 = − 8
−8 = −8 ✓
Method 2 Another way to solve the equation is by interpreting the expression
1 − x as a single quantity.
2(1 − x) + 3 = −8 Write the equation.
−3 −3 Subtraction Property of Equality
2(1 − x) = −11 Simplify.
Math Practice 2(1 − x) −11
—=— Division Property of Equality
Look for Structure 2 2
Explain why it is
1 − x = −5.5 Simplify.
convenient to first solve
for the expression 1 − x, −1 −1 Subtraction Property of Equality
and then solve for x. How
−x = −6.5 Simplify.
else could you solve the
equation? −x −6.5
—=— Division Property of Equality
−1 −1
x = 6.5 Simplify.
The solution is x = 6.5.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

Solve the equation. Check your solution.

6. 3(x + 1) + 6 = −9 7. 17 = 7 + 4(2.2d − 8.5) 8. 13 = −2(y − 4) + 3y

3
9. 2x(5 − 3) − 3x = 5 10. −4(2m + 5) − —4 m = 22 11. 5(3 − x) + 2(3 − x) = 14

12. REASONING Solve 2(4x − 11) = 10 in as many ways as you can. Construct a viable
argument to justify each of your solution methods.

1.2 Solving Multi-Step Equations 13

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 13 4/29/20 8:07 AM

 Solving Real-Life Problems
GO DIGITAL

EXAMPLE 4 Modeling Real Life

Use the table to find the number of miles Day Miles

you need to bike on Friday so that the mean
Monday 3.5
number of miles biked per day is 5.
Tuesday 5.5
Wednesday 0
Thursday 5
SOLUTION
1. Understand the Problem You know how many miles you biked Monday through
Thursday. You are asked to find the distance you need to bike on Friday so that the
mean number of miles biked per day is 5.
2. Make a Plan Use the definition of mean to write an equation that represents the
problem. Then solve the equation.
3. Solve and Check The mean of a data set is the sum of the data divided by the
number of data values. Let x be the number of miles you need to bike on Friday.
3.5 + 5.5 + 0 + 5 + x
—— = 5 Write the equation.
5
14 + x
—=5 Combine like terms.
5
14 + x
⋅
5 —=5 5
5 ⋅ Multiplication Property of Equality

14 + x = 25 Simplify.
− 14 − 14 Subtraction Property of Equality
x = 11 Simplify.
You need to bike 11 miles on Friday.

Check Reasonableness Notice that on the days that you did bike, the values
are close to the mean. Because you did not bike on Wednesday, you need to
bike about twice the mean on Friday. Eleven miles is about twice the mean.
So, your solution is reasonable.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

1
13. The formula d = —2 n + 26 relates the nozzle
pressure n (in pounds per square inch) of a
fire hose and the maximum horizontal
distance d (in feet) the water reaches. How
much pressure is needed to reach a fire d
20 yards away?

14 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 14 4/29/20 8:07 AM

 EXAMPLE 5 Modeling Real Life
GO DIGITAL
One person buys a used car in Indiana and pays $10,195, including 7% sales
tax and $425 in additional fees. Another person buys a used car in Pennsylvania
and pays $9995, including 6% sales tax and $420 in additional fees. Compare
the list prices of the used cars. (The list price is the price of the car before sales
tax and fees.)

SOLUTION
1. Understand the Problem You know how much each person pays for a car.
You also know the sales tax and additional fees in each state. You are asked to
compare the list prices of the cars.
2. Make a Plan Use a verbal model to write equations that represent the total
amount each person pays. Then solve the equations to find each list price.
3. Solve and Check
Sales tax rate Total
⋅
Verbal List List Other
+ (written as a + = amount
Model price price fees
decimal) paid
Variable Let p be the list price (in dollars) of the used car.
Equations
Indiana: Pennsylvania:
p + 0.07p + 425 = 10,195 Write the equation. p + 0.06p + 420 = 9995
REMEMBER 1.07p + 425 = 10,195 Combine like terms. 1.06p + 420 = 9995
To write a percent as Subtraction Property
a decimal, remove the − 425 − 425 − 420 − 420
of Equality
percent symbol and divide
by 100. 1.07p = 9770 Simplify. 1.06p = 9575
1.07p 9770 1.06p 9575
—=— Division Property of Equality —= —
1.07 1.07 1.06 1.06
p ≈ 9130.84 Simplify. p ≈ 9033.02

So, the list price of the car in Indiana is about $9130.84 − $9033.02 = $97.82
more than the list price of the car in Pennsylvania.

Check
p + 0.07p + 425 = 10,195 p + 0.06p + 420 = 9995
? ?
9130 + 0.07(9130) + 425 ≈ 10,195 9030 + 0.06(9030) + 420 ≈ 9995

10,194.10 ≈ 10,195 ✓ 9991.80 ≈ 9995 ✓

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

14. You have 96 feet of fencing to enclose a rectangular pen for your dog.
To provide sufficient running space for your dog to exercise, the pen
should be three times as long as it is wide. Find the dimensions of the pen.
15. You are paid 1.2 times your normal hourly rate for each hour you work over
40 hours in a week. You work 46 hours this week and earn $462.56.
What is your normal hourly rate?

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 15 4/29/20 8:08 AM

 1.2 Practice WITH AND
GO DIGITAL

In Exercises 1−12, solve the equation. Check your NUMBER SENSE In Exercises 23−28, write and
solution. Examples 1 and 2 solve an equation to find the number.
1. 3w + 7 = 19 2. 2g − 13 = 3 23. The sum of twice a number and 13 is 75.

3. 11 = 12 − q 4. 10 = 7 − m 24. The difference of three times a number and 4 is −19.

5. 5 = — − 3
z a
6. — + 4 = 6 25. Eight plus the quotient of a number and 3 is −2.
−4 3
26. The sum of twice a number and half the number is 10.
h+6 d−8
7. — = 2 8. — = 12
5 −2 27. Six times the sum of a number and 15 is −42.
9. 12v + 10v + 14 = 80
28. Four times the difference of a number and 7 is 12.
10. 24 = 13n − 4n + 9
USING TOOLS In Exercises 29 and 30, find the
11. 3.8y + 5.6y − 2 = 2.7 value of the variable. Then find the angle measures
of the polygon. Use a protractor to check the
7 1
12. — c − 8 − — c = −16 reasonableness of your answer.
10 2
29. 30.
120° 100° b°
13. MODELING REAL LIFE The altitude a (in feet)
of a plane t minutes after liftoff is given
by a = 3400t + 600. How many minutes x°
3
b° (b + 45)°
120° 2
after liftoff is the plane at an
altitude of 21,000 feet? 120° (2b − 90)° 90°
(x + 10)°
Sum of angle Sum of angle
measures: 720° measures: 540°

ERROR ANALYSIS In Exercises 31 and 32, describe and

ER
correct the error in solving the equation.
co

✗
31.
31
−2(7 − y) + 4 = −4
14. MODELING REAL LIFE A repair bill for a car is
$648.45. The parts cost $265.95. The labor cost is −14 − 2y + 4 = −4
$85 per hour. Write and solve an equation to find the
−10 − 2y = −4
number of hours of labor spent repairing the car.
−2y = 6
In Exercises 15−22, solve the equation. Check your
y = −3
solution. Example 3

15. 4(z + 5) = 32 16. −2(4g − 3) = 30

✗
32.
17. 6 + 5(m + 1) = 26 18. 5h + 2(11 − h) = −5 1
— (x − 2) + 4 = 12
4

19. −15 = −6(3 + x) + 4(x − 6)

1
—
4
(x − 2) = 8

20. 1 = 5(r + 9) − 2(1 − r) x−2=2

x=4
21. 83.8 = 8.6c − 7.3(6 − 2c)

3 1
(
22. 3y − 2—4 —2 y − 4 = − 2 )
16 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 16 4/29/20 8:09 AM

 MODELING REAL LIFE In Exercises 33−36, write and JUSTIFYING STEPS In Exercises 39 and 40,
solve an equation to answer the question. justify each step of the solution. GO DIGITAL
Examples 4 and 5 1
39. −—2 (5x − 8) − 1 = 6 Write the equation.
33. During the summer, you work 30 hours per week at
a gas station and earn $8.75 per hour. You also work −—12(5x − 8) = 7
as a landscaper for $11 per hour and can work as
many hours as you want. You want to earn a total of 5x − 8 = −14
$400 per week. How many hours must you work as
a landscaper? 5x = −6

34. The area of the surface of the swimming pool is x = −—65

210 square feet. What is the length of the deep end?
40. 2(x + 3) + x = −9 Write the equation.

2(x) + 2(3) + x = −9
deep shallow
end end
10 ft 2x + 6 + x = −9

3x + 6 = −9

d ft 9 ft 3x = −15

35. Your cell phone has 983.5 MB of free space. You save x = −5
a 1.4-MB picture and download two songs that are the
same size. Your cell phone now has 974.9 MB of free 41. COMPARING METHODS Solve the equation
space. What is the size of each song? 2(4 − 8x) + 6 = −1 using two different methods.
Which method do you prefer? Explain.
36. You order two tacos and a salad. The salad costs
$2.50. You pay 8% sales tax and leave a $3 tip. You
pay a total of $13.80. How much does one taco cost? 42. HOW DO YOU SEE IT?
The scatter plot shows the attendance for each
meeting of a gaming club.
CONNECTING CONCEPTS In Exercises 37 and 38, write
and solve an equation to answer the question. Gaming Club Attendance
37. The perimeter of the Puerto Rican flag is 150 inches. y
What are the dimensions of the flag? 21
Students

20 18 17

10

y 0
0 1 2 3 4 x
Meeting

3
2
y a. The mean attendance for the first four meetings
is 20. Is the number of students who attended
38. The perimeter of the school crossing sign is the fourth meeting greater than or less than 20?
102 inches. What is the length of each side? Explain.
b. Estimate the number of students who attended
the fourth meeting. Describe a way you can
s+6 s+6 check your estimate.

s s

2s

1.2 Solving Multi-Step Equations 17

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 17 4/29/20 8:09 AM

 43. PROBLEM SOLVING An online ticket agency 49. Find three consecutive
charges the amounts shown for basketball tickets. The even integers that have a sum of 54. GO DIGITAL
total cost for an order is $220.70. How many tickets Explain your reasoning.
are purchased?

Charge Amount 50. THOUGHT PROVOKING

Your math teacher assigns a weight to each
Ticket price $32.50 per ticket component of the class. The weight of the final exam
Convenience charge $3.30 per ticket is half your grade, and the weights of the remaining
Processing charge $5.90 per order components are equal. What is the least possible
score you can receive on the final exam to earn an
A (90%) in the class? Explain your reasoning.
44. MAKING AN ARGUMENT You have quarters and
dimes that total $2.80. Your friend says it is possible Your
Component Weight Score × Weight
that the number of quarters is 8 more than the number score
of dimes. Is your friend correct? Explain. Class
92%
participation
REASONING In Exercises 45− 48, the letters a, b, Homework 96%
and c represent nonzero constants. Solve the equation
for x. Then find values of a, b, and c for which the Quizzes 88%
solution is negative. Midterm
76%
exam
45. ax − b = 12.5 46. ax + b = c
Final exam
47. 2bx − bx = −8 48. cx − 4b = 5b Total 1

REVIEW & REFRESH

In Exercises 51–54, find the sum or difference. 58. NUMBER SENSE The sum of two-thirds a
3 7
51. −3.37 + 4.135 52. 1—8 − —8 number and eighteen is twenty-three. What is the
number?
53. 18.36 − (−9.04) 54. −—
12
5
+ −—3 ( )
7
In Exercises 59−62, solve the equation. Check your
solution.
55. MODELING REAL LIFE About how many times
farther from the Sun is Neptune than Mercury? 59. x + 9 = 7 60. 8.6 = z − 3.8

Average distance 61. 3r + 7 = 11 62. 26 = 9p − 6 − p

Planet
from the Sun (miles)
63. Translate the triangle y
Mercury 36,000,000 2
1 unit right and 3 units
Neptune 2.795 × 109 up. What are the B
coordinates of the −2 2 x
56. Order the numbers —
11
, 49%, and 0.5 from least image? A
20
to greatest.
C
57. Find the perimeter and the area of the figure.

7m 64. MODELING REAL LIFE Your friend borrows $7500

5m to buy an all-terrain vehicle (ATV). The simple
6m annual interest rate is 6%. She pays off the loan
after 5 years of equal monthly payments. How
5m much is each payment?
11 m
65. Factor 24x + 32 using the greatest common factor.

18 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 18 4/29/20 8:10 AM

 1.3 Modeling Quantities GO DIGITAL

Learning Target Use proportional reasoning and analyze units when solving problems.

Success Criteria • I can use ratios to solve real-life problems.

• I can use rates to solve real-life problems.
• I can convert units and rates.

EXPLORE IT Estimating Quantities

Work with a partner. A freight train that is 1.9 kilometers long is traveling
on the Cize-Bolozon viaduct in France.

1.9 km

a. Research the lengths of different types of train cars.

Math Practice b. Estimate the number of cars in the train. Explain the assumptions that
Specify Units you make to find your estimate.
What units of measure
did you use in your c. Compare your results with other pairs. Based on these comparisons,
calculations? Why did you do you think you should revise your estimate? Explain your reasoning.
decide to use those units?

1.3 Modeling Quantities 19

hs2022_alg1_se_0103.indd 19 5/4/20 12:13 PM

 Using Ratios and Proportions
Vocabulary GO DIGITAL
A ratio is a comparison of two quantities. A proportion is an equation
ratio, p. 20
stating that two ratios are equivalent.
proportion, p. 20
rate, p. 21 Equivalent ratios: a : b and c : d
a c
Proportion: —=—
b d
REMEMBER
The value of a ratio a : b
a
is —. The values of EXAMPLE 1 Using Ratios
b
equivalent ratios are
equivalent. You take the measurements shown in the diagram. The right triangles created by each
object and its shadow are similar. Can the tree fall onto the house?

REMEMBER
The triangles created 6 ft
by each object and
its shadow have two 8 ft
congruent angles, so 25 ft 30 ft
the third angles are
also congruent and the
triangles are similar. SOLUTION
Ratios of corresponding side lengths in similar triangles are equivalent.
Use a proportion to find the height h (in feet) of the tree.

30 h
—=— Write a proportion.
8 6

6 ⋅( 30
)
— =6
8 ⋅ ( —h6 ) Multiplication Property of Equality

22.5 = h Simplify.

Because 22.5 feet < 25 feet, the tree cannot fall onto the house.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

Solve the proportion.

x 9 14 7 5 8 11 n
1. — = — 2. — = — 3. — = — 4. — = —
4 12 y 2 3 z 15 10
a c
5. REASONING Are the equations — = — and ad = bc equivalent? Explain.
b d
6. You are 5 feet 4 inches tall and cast a shadow 3 feet long. At the same time, a nearby water
tower casts a shadow 74 feet 3 inches long.
a. Find the height of the water tower.
b. Each additional foot in tower height increases the water pressure at the base of the tower
by 0.43 pound per square inch. Estimate the water pressure at the base of the tower.

20 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 20 4/29/20 8:10 AM

 Using Rates
GO DIGITAL
A rate is a ratio of two quantities using different units. You can write rates
10 m
in many ways. For example, 10 meters per second can be written as —,
sec
m
10 —, or 10 m/sec. In real-life situations, you may need to choose your own
sec
units to solve a problem.

EXAMPLE 2 Using Rates

The diagram shows statistics for a baseball pitcher. Use rates to compare the pitcher’s
performance in 2019 to his performance in 2020.

SOLUTION
There are many rates you can use to make comparisons. Two that you can use are
strikeouts per walk and earned runs per inning.
REMEMBER
Method 1: Compare using strikeouts per walk.
A rate a : b has a unit rate
a 2019: 100 strikeouts to 29 walks 2020: 73 strikeouts to 20 walks
of — : 1.
b
100 73
rate: —29
≈ 3.45 strikeouts/walk rate: —
20
= 3.65 strikeouts/walk

The pitcher had fewer strikeouts per walk in 2019.

Method 2: Compare using earned runs per inning.

2019: 19 earned runs in 70 innings 2020: 15 earned runs in 50 innings
19 15
rate: —
70
≈ 0.27 earned runs/inning rate: —
50
= 0.3 earned runs/inning

The pitcher had fewer earned runs per inning in 2019.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

7. The table shows enrollment information for two colleges. Use rates to compare the enrollment
at the colleges.

Students with Students with

College Students Athletes
athletic scholarships academic scholarships
A 4258 288 72 415
B 7120 150 110 826

8. In baseball, a commonly used rate is earned run average (ERA). ERA is a rate of earned runs
to a constant number n of innings. In 2020, the pitcher in Example 2 had an ERA of 2.70.
Find the value of n. Then explain how to calculate a pitcher’s ERA given the number of
earned runs and innings pitched.

1.3 Modeling Quantities 21

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 21 4/29/20 8:11 AM

 Using Unit Analysis
GO DIGITAL
In Section 1.1 Example 3, you kept track of units when working with rates.
10 m 1 sec
200 m ÷ — = 200 m × — = 20 sec
1 sec 10 m
This is called unit analysis. You can use unit analysis to help you convert units.

EXAMPLE 3 Converting Units of Measure

Convert 4.8 gallons to fluid ounces.

SOLUTION
There are 16 cups per gallon and 8 fluid ounces per cup. Use these rates to convert
from gallons to fluid ounces.
c fl oz
4.8 gal = 4.8 gal × 16 — × 8 — = 614.4 fl oz
gal c

So, 4.8 gallons is 614.4 fluid ounces.

EXAMPLE 4 Modeling Real Life

Wind speeds on Jupiter can reach 180 meters per second. Which planet has faster
winds, Jupiter or Neptune?
The Voyager 2 performed
the first flyby of Neptune SOLUTION
in 1989, measuring wind
speeds that reached To solve the problem, convert one of the rates so that it has the same units as the
1200 miles per hour. other rate. One way is to convert 1200 miles per hour to meters per second.
1200 mi 1200 mi 5280 ft 1m 1h 1 min 537 m
—≈—×—×—×—×—≈—
h h mi 3.28 ft 60 min 60 sec sec

Because 180 m/sec < 537 m/sec, Neptune’s winds reach higher speeds than
Jupiter’s winds.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

9. Convert 2.5 meters to inches. Round to the nearest hundredth, if necessary.

10. Convert 88 gallons per minute to liters per second. Round to the nearest hundredth,
if necessary.

11. A solar-powered plane travels around Earth. Its cruising speed is

90 kilometers per hour during the day and 1000 meters per minute
at night. Does the plane speed up or slow down at sunrise?

12. REASONING You buy two kinds of wiring for electrical work.
The first costs x dollars per foot and the second costs y dollars per foot.
You buy A feet of the first wire and B feet of the second wire. What
quantities do the following expressions represent? What are the units?
Ax + By 1 yd
a. Ax + By b. — c. — × (A + B)
A+B 3 ft

22 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 22 4/29/20 8:11 AM

 1.3 Practice WITH AND
GO DIGITAL

In Exercises 1– 4, solve the proportion. In Exercises 13 and 14, complete the statement. Round
to the nearest hundredth, if necessary.
x 10 36 9
1. — = — 2. — = —
6 12 8 h 7 gal qt 8 km mi
13. — ≈ — 14. — ≈ —
min sec min h
13 5 4 w
3. — = — 4. — = —
p 4 15 27 15. MODELING REAL LIFE Roller coaster A can reach a
top speed of 110 feet per second. Roller coaster B can
5. USING RATIOS A repairman needs to climb to the top reach a top speed of 85 miles per hour. Which roller
of a building. He takes the measurements shown. The coaster has a greater top speed? Example 4
right triangles created by each object and its shadow
are similar. Can he use a ladder that reaches heights of 16. MODELING REAL LIFE Faucet A
up to 28 feet? Example 1 leaks at a rate of 21 liters per
day. Faucet B leaks at a rate
of 30 drips per minute.
Which faucet leaks at a
faster rate? (1 L ≈ 4000 drips)

6 ft
17. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct
the error in converting 3.5 feet to centimeters.
16 ft
4 ft

✗
m cm
3.5 ft ≈ 3.5 ft × 3.28 — × 100 —
6. USING RATIOS An entrepreneur wants to rent ft m
a billboard at least 30 feet tall to display an = 1148 cm
advertisement for her business. She is 5 feet 6 inches
tall and casts a shadow 7 feet long. At the same
time, a billboard casts a shadow 35 feet long. Is the 18. PROBLEM SOLVING You travel on the highway
billboard tall enough? at a constant speed of 70 miles per hour for 1 hour
45 minutes. Your vehicle travels 25 miles per gallon
7. USING RATES The table shows the numbers of and gasoline costs $2.90 per gallon. How much
students and staff at two high schools. Use rates to do you spend on fuel for the trip? Explain your
compare the two schools. Example 2 reasoning.

School Students Teachers Support staff 19. MAKING AN ARGUMENT Your friend says that when
you convert a measurement from yards to meters, the
A 2308 144 34 number of meters is greater than the number of yards.
B 1522 85 23 Is your friend correct? Explain.

8. USING RATES The table shows sales data for two 20. HOW DO YOU SEE IT?
salespeople at a car dealership. Use rates to compare The graph shows the relationship between
the performances of the salespeople. millimeters and micrometers. Use the graph to
convert 5 millimeters to micrometers.
Months Sales Sales Sales
Person y
employed attempted made (millions)
7000
Micrometers

A 10 167 109 $3.3 6000

5000
B 8 163 97 $2.7 4000
3000
In Exercises 9–12, complete the statement. Round to the 2000
1000 (1, 1000)
nearest hundredth, if necessary. Example 3
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
9. 160 fl oz = qt 10. 3.2 km = cm Millimeters

11. 30.9 mm ≈ in. 12. 4.1 kg ≈ oz

1.3 Modeling Quantities 23

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 23 4/29/20 8:12 AM

 21. The surface area of a solid is 24. COLLEGE PREP You make blueberry
3240 square inches. Is the surface area greater than muffins and banana bread for a bake sale. GO DIGITAL
3 square yards? Explain. One batch of blueberry muffins requires
m cups of flour, and one batch of banana
22. THOUGHT PROVOKING bread requires n cups of flour. You make
The table shows statistics for two basketball players A batches of blueberry muffins and B batches of
during a season. Write an argument supporting that banana bread. Which expression represents the total
Player A performed better than Player B. Then write amount of flour (in cups) you need?
an argument supporting that Player B performed A m+n B A+B
better than Player A.
A B
Player A Player B C —+— D Am + Bn
m n
Games played 72 80
25. PERFORMANCE TASK Choose an object for which
Points 1432 1465
you cannot directly measure its height.
Field goals made 505 515
a. Visually estimate the height of the object.
Field goals attempted 1136 1023
b. Indirectly measure the height of the object.
Rebounds 490 641
Explain your procedure.
Assists 375 483
c. Compare your result from part (b) with your
estimate in part (a).
23. REASONING You are standing in a line that is
about 200 feet long for a movie premier. Estimate the
number of people in the line. Explain your reasoning.

REVIEW & REFRESH

In Exercises 26 and 27, find the area of the figure. In Exercises 34 and 35, complete the statement.
Round to the nearest hundredth, if necessary.
26. 27. 9 cm
34. 32 c ≈ L 35. 1.6 lb ≈ g
4.5 m
10 cm 36. MODELING REAL LIFE To estimate how many
miles you are from a thunderstorm, count the
4m seconds between when you see lightning and when
12 cm you hear thunder. Then divide by 5. Determine how
many seconds you count for a thunderstorm that is
28. The circumference of a circle is 20π inches. What 2 miles away.
is the area of the circle?
37. The bar graph shows the results of rolling a
In Exercises 29–31, solve the equation. Check your six-sided die 50 times. Find the experimental
solution. probability of rolling an even number.
29. 2m − 3 = 13
Rolling a Six-Sided Die
30. −21a + 28a − 6 = −10.2 12
10
1
31. 68 = —5 (20x + 50) + 2
Frequency

8
6
In Exercises 32 and 33, identify the percent of change 4
as an increase or a decrease. Then find the percent 2
of change. 0
1 2 3 4 5 6
32. 80 customers to 120 customers Number rolled

33. 24 points to 18 points

24 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 24 4/29/20 8:13 AM

 1.4 Accuracy with Measurements GO DIGITAL

Learning Target Choose an appropriate level of accuracy when calculating with measurements.

Success Criteria • I can choose an appropriate level of accuracy when measuring to solve
real-life problems.
• I can determine where to round numbers when finding estimates.

EXPLORE IT Measuring Objects

Work with a partner.
a. CHOOSE TOOLS Measure an object in your classroom or at home.
Choose two tools and two different units to find your measurement.

You can measure any object you want. Consider some of the following.

• the height of a doorway

• the length of a table

• the height of a sibling

• the width of a book

• the arm span of a student

b. Which tools did you choose to find your measurements? Which units of
measure did you choose? Explain your choices.

c. Is one measurement more accurate than the other? How can you take another
measurement that is more accurate? Explain.
Math Practice
Evaluate Results d. Measure the dimensions of the floor of your classroom. Then find the perimeter
What may cause the and area of the floor of your classroom.
perimeter and area
measurements of your
classroom to differ e. If someone asks you what the perimeter and area of the floor of your classroom
among you and your are, how would you answer? Explain your reasoning. Then compare your
classmates? results with your classmates.

1.4 Accuracy with Measurements 25

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 25 4/29/20 8:13 AM

 Calculating with Measurements
GO DIGITAL
When measuring, precision is the level of detail of the measurement. When
Vocabulary performing calculations with measurements, the calculated value is no more
precision, p. 26 precise than the original measurements.
accuracy, p. 27
EXAMPLE 1 Estimating Measurements

You use a centimeter ruler to measure the

dimensions of the jewelry box shown.
Estimate the volume of the jewelry box.

Length Width Height

SOLUTION
The length of the jewelry box is about 22.5 centimeters, the width is about
11.3 centimeters, and the height is about 6.5 centimeters. Substitute these
values into the formula for the volume of a rectangular prism.
V = wh Volume of a rectangular prism
= (22.5 cm)(11.3 cm)(6.5 cm) Substitute 22.5 for , 11.3 for w, and 6.5 for h.
= 1652.625 cm3 Multiply.
Because the dimensions are measured in tenths of a centimeter, you should not
state the volume beyond tenths of a cubic centimeter. The magnitude of the volume
is large enough that rounding to 1650 cm3 is precise enough in this context.

So, the volume is about 1650 cubic centimeters.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

1. REASONING Explain why it is not reasonable to say the volume of

the jewelry box in Example 1 is 1652.625 cubic centimeters.

2. You use a centimeter ruler to measure the diameter of the lens of the
magnifying glass. Estimate the area of the lens. c 1
cm 2 3 4 5 6 7

3. A chemist is measuring the weight (in ounces) of

15 equal samples of a substance on the electronic
balance at once. Estimate the weight of each sample.
Explain your reasoning.

26 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 26 4/29/20 8:14 AM

 Accuracy refers to how close a measured value is to the actual value. The
accuracy of measurements may affect how you decide to state answers GO DIGITAL
when performing calculations with them.

EXAMPLE 2 Estimating Results

The population of the United States in 2018 was about 328,181,510. The figure below
shows the national debt for the United States as reported in 2018.

US NATIONAL DEBT
$ , , , ,

Estimate the United States national debt per capita.

SOLUTION
The national debt per capita can be thought of as the amount of money each person
in the United States would have to pay in order to pay off the entire national debt.
The phrase ”per capita” means for
each person. When you write an Because the population of the United States and the national debt are constantly
amount per capita, you are writing increasing, the measured values were accurate for only a moment in time.
the amount per person. So, you can round to greater values before making your calculation.

21,867,237,827,643 ≈ 22,000,000,000,000 Round to nearest trillion.

328,181,510 ≈ 330,000,000 Round to nearest ten million.

To find the national debt per capita, divide the national debt by the population.
STUDY TIP Use technology.
Due to unknown levels of
22,000,000,000,000 ÷ 330,000,000 ≈ 66,666.6666...
accuracy in the population
and debt figures, it would Because the measured values are constantly increasing and were rounded,
also be acceptable to it is not reasonable to express the answer to the nearest cent or nearest dollar.
estimate this amount as So, you can estimate the national debt per capita to be about $67,000.
$66,700 or even $70,000
in this context.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

4. REASONING In Example 2, does the place to which you round affect the accuracy
of your results? Explain your reasoning.
5. Repeat Example 2 using current statistics. Compare your results. What conclusions
can you make?
6. The number of student loan borrowers in the United States is about 44,532,700. The amount of
student loan debt held by the borrowers in 2018 is shown. Estimate the student loan debt per
student loan borrower.

STUDENT LOAN DEBT

$, , , ,

7. The land area of the entire United States is 3,531,905 square miles. Use the information you
found in Exercise 5 to estimate the population per square mile.

1.4 Accuracy with Measurements 27

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 27 4/29/20 8:15 AM

 Solving Real-Life Problems
GO DIGITAL
EXAMPLE 3 Modeling Real Life

The surface of a city playground is being covered with rubber mulch, which is
shredded rubber made from recycled tires. A city worker measures the dimensions of
the playground as shown. The recommended depth of the mulch is 6 inches.
a. Estimate the volume of mulch needed to cover the surface.
b. A 1-ton bag of mulch contains about 3 cubic yards of mulch. How many bags of
mulch are needed to cover the surface of the playground?

40.5 ft 66.75 ft

SOLUTION
a. You can use the formula for the volume of a rectangular prism to estimate the
volume V (in cubic feet) of mulch needed to cover the surface.

V = wh Volume of a rectangular prism

= (66.75 ft)(40.5 ft)(0.5 ft) Substitute 66.75 for , 40.5 for w, and 0.5 for h.
= 1351.6875 ft3 Multiply.

You can estimate the volume of mulch needed to be about 1350 cubic feet.
You are calculating with measured values and 1.6875 cubic feet is a relatively
small amount in this context.

b. Convert the amount of mulch in a bag to cubic feet.

3 yd3 × — ( )
3 ft
1 yd
3 27 ft3
= 3 yd3 × —3 = 81 ft3
1 yd
You need about 1350 cubic feet of mulch and each bag contains 81 cubic feet.
Determine how many bags are needed to fill 1350 cubic feet.
1 bag 50 2
1350 ft3 × — = —, or 16 — bags
81 ft3 3 3
Because mulch is sold in whole bags, 17 bags are needed to cover the
entire surface.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

8. REASONING Another worker measures the dimensions of the playground in meters.

Does this change the amount of mulch needed? Explain.
9. WHAT IF? How many bags of rubber mulch are needed in Example 3 when the recommended
depth of the mulch is 4 inches? Explain.
10. In Example 3, the company’s delivery truck can haul at most 8000 pounds. One bag of rubber
mulch costs $375. There is a $45 delivery charge for each trip the truck makes. What is the total
cost for purchasing and delivering the bags of rubber mulch needed for the playground?

28 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 28 4/29/20 8:15 AM

 1.4 Practice WITH AND
GO DIGITAL

1. ESTIMATING MEASUREMENTS You use an inch 5. MODELING REAL LIFE

ruler to measure the dimensions of a cylindrical can, You want to install an
as shown. Estimate the volume of the can. in-ground basketball post.
Example 1 You dig a hole with the
dimensions shown for the
concrete. An 80-pound bag
4 ft
of concrete mix yields

4
0.6 cubic feet. How many
bags do you need to

3
in. 1 2 3 4 5 6 install the basketball post?
Example 3 1
1 ft

2
3

6. MODELING REAL LIFE A farmer fills a field with solar

2. ESTIMATING MEASUREMENTS You use a tape panels. The area of the field is 32,374.9 square meters.
measure to measure the dimensions of a canvas,
as shown. Estimate the area of the canvas. a. About how many solar panels of the size shown
can fit in the field? Explain.
50.8 cm
165.1 cm

40.6 cm
99 cm
9

3. ESTIMATING RESULTS The figures show the number

b. One solar panel of this size can produce about
of taxpayers and the federal tax revenue for the
1.06 kilowatt hours of electricity per day. On
United States in 2018. Estimate the United States
average, a house uses about 1000 kilowatt hours
federal tax revenue per taxpayer. Example 2
of electricity per month. Can the field produce
enough electricity for 500 houses each month?
Explain.

7. COLLEGE PREP You measure

the dimensions of a gift box
US FEDERAL TAX REVENUE as 8.75 inches, 4.75 inches,
and 2.5 inches. Which of
$ 3,307,673,720,131 the following is not an
appropriate approximation
4. ESTIMATING RESULTS The circumference of Mercury of the volume of the gift box?
is about 15,329 kilometers. The circumference of
Jupiter is about 439,263 kilometers. About how many A 103 in.3
times larger is Jupiter than Mercury?
B 100 in.3

C 103.9 in.3

D 103.906 in.3

1.4 Accuracy with Measurements 29

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 29 4/29/20 8:16 AM

 8. HOW DO YOU SEE IT? 10. MAKING AN ARGUMENT Your friend
A softball weighs about 6.5 ounces. You weigh measures the circumference of a fitness GO DIGITAL
different numbers of softballs and record the results ball as 2.04 meters and says, “The volume
in the graph. of the ball is 0.1433638009 cubic meters.” Do
you agree with your friend’s statement? Explain.
Softball Weights
y 11. ANALYZING RELATIONSHIPS Explain how the choice
of a unit of measure can impact the accuracy of the
Weight (ounces)

48 measurement of an object.
36
12. THOUGHT PROVOKING
24 Explain one way you can determine the accuracy
of a thermometer.
12

0
0 2 4 6 8 x 13. PROBLEM SOLVING You are comparing three
Number of softballs different bottles of liquid bleach with the same active
ingredient. The concentration of active ingredient in
a. Explain how graphing y = 6.5x can help you each bottle is labeled to the nearest tenth of a percent.
reason about the accuracy of your results.
Bleach Size of bottle
Concentration Price
b. Which measurement appears to be the least type (fluid ounces)
accurate? Why? Explain how this may have $2.49
Ultra 6.0% 64
occurred.
Regular 5.3% 128 $3.99
Concentrated 8.3% 121 $6.99
9. NUMBER SENSE A substance weighs exactly
1 pound. You use three different scales to measure the a. About how many fluid ounces of active ingredient
weight of the substance. The results are shown in the are in each bottle? Explain the level of accuracy
table. Which measurement is the most accurate? you used in your results.
b. Which bottle is the best buy? the worst buy?
Scale 1 2 3
Explain.
Weight (pounds) 1.019 0.9 1.01

REVIEW & REFRESH

In Exercises 14 and 15, write the number in scientific In Exercises 20 and 21, solve the equation.
notation.
20. z − 5.2 = −3.4 21. 56t = 16
14. 96,400,000 15. 0.00035
22. MODELING REAL LIFE Which sign shows a greater
16. Evaluate 26 + 9(17 − 32) ÷ 4. speed limit? How much greater?

NUMBER SENSE In Exercises 17 and 18, write MAXIMUM

and solve an equation to find the number. SPEED
SPEED
LIMIT

30
17. The sum of three times a number and 12 is 45.

18. Nine minus the quotient of a number and 7 is −5.

40
mi/h km/h
19. MODELING REAL LIFE The distance from Earth
to the moon is about 238,855 miles. The distance
from Earth to Mars is about 140 million miles. 23. The vertices of a trapezoid are W(1, 4), X(4, 4),
About how many trips to the moon are equal to the Y(4, 1), and Z(−1, 1). Draw the figure and its
distance from Earth to Mars? reflection in the x-axis. Identify the coordinates of
the image.

30 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 30 4/29/20 8:17 AM

 Solving Equations with
1.5 GO DIGITAL

Variables on Both Sides

Learning Target Write and solve equations with variables on both sides.

Success Criteria • I can apply properties of equality using variable terms.

• I can solve equations with variables on both sides.
• I can recognize when an equation has zero, one, or infinitely
many solutions.

EXPLORE IT Solving a Real-Life Problem

Work with a partner. You earn $9.75 per hour at a part-time job. Your
friend earns $9.35 per hour at a part-time job. The only other income you and
your friend earn is a weekly allowance.
a. Determine whether it is possible for you and your friend to work the same
number of hours and earn the same total amount in a given week for the
following situations. Explain your reasoning.

i. Your allowance is $20 per week ii. Your allowance is $10 per week
and your friend’s allowance is and your friend’s allowance is
$10 per week. $20 per week.

iii. Your allowance is $10 per week, iv. Your allowance is $20 per week,
your friend’s allowance is your friend’s allowance is
$20 per week, and your friend $20 per week, and your friend
receives a $0.40 raise. receives a $0.40 raise.

b. The following equation represents one of the situations in part (a).

9.75p + 10 = 9.35p + 20
Math Practice
Look for Structure Interpret each term and each side of the equation. Which situation does
What do you notice it represent?
about the coefficients
of the variable terms in
each equation? What do
c. Solve the equation in part (b). Explain how you solved the equation and
they tell you about the what the solution represents. Can you start with a different first step?
number of solutions an
equation may have? d. Write and solve an equation for each of the other three situations in part (a).
Compare your solutions to your answers in part (a). What do you notice?

1.5 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides 31

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 31 4/29/20 8:17 AM

 Solving Equations with Variables on
Both Sides GO DIGITAL

Vocabulary KEY IDEA

identity, p. 33
Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides
To solve an equation with variables on both sides, use inverse operations to
collect the variable terms on one side and the constant terms on the other side.
Then isolate the variable.

EXAMPLE 1 Solving an Equation with Variables on Both Sides

Solve 10 − 4x = −9x. Check your solution.

SOLUTION
10 − 4x = −9x Write the equation.
+ 4x + 4x Addition Property of Equality

Check 10 = −5x Simplify.

10 − 4x = −9x 10 −5x
—=— Division Property of Equality
? −5 −5
10 − 4(−2) = −9(−2)
−2 = x
✓
Simplify.
18 = 18
The solution is x = −2.

EXAMPLE 2 Solving an Equation with Grouping Symbols

Solve 3(3x − 4) = —14(32x + 24).

SOLUTION
1
3(3x − 4) = —4 (32x + 24) Write the equation.
9x − 12 = 8x + 6 Distributive Property
+ 12 + 12 Addition Property of Equality
9x = 8x + 18 Simplify.
− 8x − 8x Subtraction Property of Equality
x = 18 Simplify.

The solution is x = 18.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

Solve the equation. Check your solution.

1. −2x = 3x + 10 2. 0.5(6h − 4) = −5h + 1 3. −—34 (8n + 12) = 3(n − 3)

4. WRITING Describe the steps in solving the linear equation 3(3x − 8) = 4x + 6. Explain
why the steps produce a valid solution.
5. REASONING Your friend first multiplies each side of —12 (x + 9) = —34 (5x + 1) by 4
when solving the equation. Why might your friend do this?

32 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 32 4/29/20 8:17 AM

 Identifying the Number of Solutions
GO DIGITAL
Equations do not always have one solution. An equation that is true for
all values of the variable is an identity and has infinitely many solutions.
WORDS AND MATH All real numbers are solutions of any identity. An equation that is not true
Think about the meaning for any value of the variable has no solution.
of identity in everyday life.
Solving Equations with Variables
Your identity is who you EXAMPLE 3
are. It can be the name,
on Both Sides
distinguishing characteristics,
Solve each equation.
or personality that identifies
n n 1
you. Your identity is the a. 3(5x + 2) = 15x b. — = −— + — c. −2(4y + 1) = −8y − 2
6 6 2
same no matter what
changes in your day. SOLUTION
a. 3(5x + 2) = 15x Write the equation.
15x + 6 = 15x Distributive Property
− 15x − 15x Subtraction Property of Equality

6=0 ✗ Simplify.

The statement 6 = 0 is never true. So, the equation has no solution.

n n 1
b. — = −— + — Write the equation.
Math Practice 6 6 2
Look for Structure
Why is it helpful to
⋅n
6 —=6
6 ⋅ ( −—n6 + —12 ) Multiplication Property of Equality

multiply each side by 6? n = −n + 3 Simplify.

How else could you begin
+n +n Addition Property of Equality
to solve this equation?
2n = 3 Simplify.
2n 3
—=— Division Property of Equality
2 2
3
n=— Simplify.
2
The only solution is n = —32 .

c. −2(4y + 1) = −8y − 2 Write the equation.

−8y − 2 = −8y − 2 Distributive Property
+ 8y + 8y Addition Property of Equality
−2 = −2 Simplify.
Because the statement −2 = −2 is always true, the original equation is an
identity and has infinitely many solutions. So, the solution is all real numbers.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

Solve the equation.

6. 6m − m = —56 (−6m − 30) 7. 10k + 7 = −3 + 10k 8. 3(2a − 2) = 2(3a − 3)

9. VOCABULARY Is the equation −2(4 − x) = 2x + 8 an identity? Explain your reasoning.

10. WRITING In Example 3, your friend says that there is enough information to determine the
numbers of solutions of the equations in parts (a) and (c) once you obtain 15x + 6 = 15x
and −8y − 2 = −8y − 2. Is your friend correct? Explain.

1.5 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides 33

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 33 4/29/20 8:18 AM

 Solving Real-Life Problems
GO DIGITAL
EXAMPLE 4 Modeling Real Life

A boat leaves New Orleans and travels upstream on the Mississippi River for 4 hours.
The return trip takes only 2.8 hours because the boat travels 3 miles per hour faster
downstream due to the current. How far does the boat travel upstream?

SOLUTION
1. Understand
Understa the Problem You are given the amounts of time the boat travels and
the differ
difference in speeds for each direction. You are asked to find the distance the
boat trave
travels upstream.
2. Make a Plan
P Use the Distance Formula to write expressions that represent the
problem. Because the distance the boat travels in both directions is the same, you
can use ex
expressions for the distance to write an equation.
3. Solve and Check The distance is equal to the product of speed and time.

Verbal
Distance upstream = Distance downstream
Model

Variable Let x be the speed (in miles per hour) of the boat traveling upstream.

Equation ⋅
x 4 = (x + 3) 2.8 ⋅ Write the equation.
4x = 2.8x + 8.4 Distributive Property
− 2.8x − 2.8x Subtraction Property of Equality
1.2x = 8.4 Simplify.
1.2x 8.4
—=— Division Property of Equality
1.2 1.2
x=7 Simplify.

So, tthe boat travels 7 miles per hour upstream. To determine how far the
boat travels upstream, multiply 7 miles per hour by 4 hours to obtain 28 miles.

Check
C
Chheck
he
hececck
k Bec
B
Be
Because
ec the speed upstream is 7 miles per hour, the speed downstream is
7 + 3 = 10 10 miles per hour. When you substitute each speed and time into the
Distance
Dist
Di
Dis
issta
taanc
tan
an
nccee F
nce Fo
Formula,
o you get the same distance upstream and downstream.
Upstream Downstream

Distance
D tan
Di
Dist
Dista
Distan
t
7 mi
1h ⋅
= — 4 h = 28 mi
10 mi
1h ⋅
Distance = — 2.8 h = 28 mi ✓

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

11. A boat travels upstream on the Missouri River for 3.5 hours. The return trip only takes 2.5 hours
because the boat travels 2 miles per hour faster downstream due to the current. How far does the
boat travel downstream?

12. You ask a deli clerk for x pounds of ham and x pounds of cheese. You end up getting 4 extra
ounces of ham and 3 fewer ounces of cheese. The ham costs $6.24 per pound and the cheese
costs $4.80 per pound. You spend twice as much on ham as you do on cheese. How much do
you spend in total?

34 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 34 4/29/20 8:18 AM

 1.5 Practice WITH AND
GO DIGITAL

In Exercises 1–14, solve the equation. Check your 25. MODELING REAL LIFE A cheetah that is running
solution. Examples 1 and 2 90 feet per second is 120 feet behind an antelope that
is running 60 feet per second. How long will it take
1. 15 − 2x = 3x 2. 26 − 4s = 9s the cheetah to catch up to the antelope?
Example 4
3. 5p − 9 = 2p + 12 4. 8g + 10 = 35 + 3g
26. MAKING AN ARGUMENT A cheetah can run at top
5. 5t + 16 = 6 − 5t 6. −3r + 10 = 15r − 8 speed for only about 20 seconds. If an antelope is
too far away for a cheetah to catch it in 20 seconds,
7. 7 + 3x − 12x = 3x + 1 the antelope is probably safe. Your friend claims the
antelope in Exercise 25 will not be safe if the cheetah
8. w − 2 + 2w = 6 + 5w starts running 650 feet behind it. Is your friend
correct? Explain.
9. 10(g + 5) = 2(g + 9)
27. MODELING REAL LIFE You want to create a piece of
10. −9(t − 2) = 4(t − 15) pottery at an art studio. The total cost is the cost of
2
the piece plus an hourly studio fee. The costs at two
11. —3 (3x + 9) = −2(2x + 6) studios are shown.
3
12. 2(2t + 4) = —4 (24 − 8t)

13. 1.5(3y + 2) − y = 2(8y − 6)

1
14. —2 (4x + 5) = 9x −12(x − 1)

In Exercises 15–22, solve the equation. Example 3

15. 3t + 4 = 12 + 3t 16. 6d + 8 = 14 + 3d

17. 2(h + 1) = 5h − 7 18. 12y + 6 = 6(2y + 1)

w w 1 x x x a. After how many hours are the total costs the same
19. −— = — − — 20. — + 1 = — − — at both studios? Justify your answer.
5 5 10 12 3 4
b. Studio B increases its hourly studio fee by $1.50.
21. 3(4g + 6) = 2(6g + 9) How does this affect your answer in part (a)?
Explain.
1
22. 5(1 + 2m) = —(8 + 20m)
2
28. PROBLEM SOLVING One serving of granola
23. MODELING REAL LIFE You and your friend drive provides 4% of the protein you need daily. You
toward each other. The equation 50h = 190 − 45h must get the remaining 48 grams of protein from
represents the number h of hours until you and your other sources. How many grams of protein do you
friend meet. After how many hours will you meet? need daily?

24. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in REASONING In Exercises 29 and 30, find the
solving the equation. value of a for which the equation is an identity. Explain
your reasoning.

✗ 6(2y + 6) = 4(9 + 3y)

12y + 36 = 36 + 12y
12y = 12y
29. a(2x + 3) = 9x + 15 + x

30. 8x − 8 + 3ax = 5ax − 2a

0=0 31. Two times the greater of two

The equation has no solution. consecutive integers is 9 less than three times the
lesser integer. What are the integers?

1.5 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides 35

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 35 4/29/20 8:19 AM

 32. HOW DO YOU SEE IT?
33. REASONING Without solving,
The table and the graph show information about GO DIGITAL
determine whether the equation
students at a high school.
3n + 5 = 3n − 5 has one solution, no solution,
Students enrolled Average rate or infinitely many solutions. Explain your reasoning.
this year of change
34. CONNECTING CONCEPTS Cylinder B
9 fewer students Cylinder A has a radius of 6 feet
Spanish 355 4 ft
each year and a height that is 5.5 feet less
12 more students than Cylinder B. The cylinders
French 229
each year have the same surface area. x ft
Find the height of each cylinder.
Predicted Language
Class Enrollment
y
Students enrolled

French 35. COLLEGE PREP For which of the following values of

400
350 c and d does the equation cx − 2 = 7x + d have no
300 solution? Select all that apply.
250
200 Spanish A c = −7, d = −2 B c = 7, d = −2
150
0
C c = 7, d = 0 D c = 7, d = 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x
Years from now
36. THOUGHT PROVOKING
Draw a different figure that
a. Use the graph to determine after how many years
has the same perimeter as
there will be equal enrollment in both classes. x+3
the triangle shown. Explain 2x + 1
b. How does the equation 355 − 9x = 229 + 12x why your figure has the
relate to the table and the graph? How can you same perimeter.
use this equation to determine whether your
3x
answer in part (a) is reasonable?

REVIEW & REFRESH

37. You measure the diameter of a circular watch face 1
45. You type 168 words in 3—2 minutes. How many
to be 3.2 centimeters. Estimate the area of the words do you type per minute?
watch face.
In Exercises 38– 43, solve the equation. Check your 46. Order the values from least to greatest.
solution. ∣ −32 ∣, 22, −16, −∣ 21 ∣, ∣ −10 ∣
38. 5 = 10 − v 39. 2k − 3(2k − 3) = 45
47. You want to find the height of a drop tower at
1 4 n an amusement park. You take the measurements
40. x − — = −— 41. — = 4.5 shown in the diagram. The right triangles created
5 5 7
by each object and its shadow are similar. How tall
42. 7t − 20 = −50 − 8t is the drop tower?
1
43. —(6c + 2) = −3(c − 1)
2

44. Find the area of the kite.

2 yd
3 yd

7 yd 5 ftt
3 yd 84 ft
3 ft Not drawn to scale

36 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 36 4/29/20 8:20 AM

 1.6 Solving Absolute Value Equations GO DIGITAL

Learning Target Write and solve equations involving absolute value.

Success Criteria • I can write the two linear equations related to a given absolute
value equation.
• I can solve equations involving one or two absolute values.
• I can identify special solutions of absolute value equations.

EXPLORE IT Solving an Absolute Value Equation

Work with a partner. Consider the absolute value equation

∣ x + 2 ∣ = 3.
a. Explain what you think this equation means.

b. Can you find a number that makes the equation true? If so, what is the
number?

c. Do you think there is another number that makes the equation true?
Math Practice If so, find that number. Compare your answer with your classmates.
Construct Arguments
d. On the real number line below, locate the point for which the
Construct a viable
argument as to why you expression ∣ x + 2 ∣ is equal to 0.
think there is or is not
more than one solution
−8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
to the absolute value
equation. Then locate the numbers you found in parts (b) and (c) on the real number
line. What do you notice?

e. Complete the two linear equations below so that the solutions are the values you
found in parts (b) and (c).
x + 2 = _____ x + 2 = _____

f. Describe how to find the solutions of the absolute value equations

algebraically. Then find the solutions.

i. ∣ x + 2 ∣ = 5
ii. ∣ x − 3 ∣ = 1

g. Use a spreadsheet to solve the A B

absolute value equations in 1 x |x + 2|
=abs(A2 + 2)
part (f ). Explain your method. 2 í8 6
3 í7
4 í6
5 í5
6 í4
7 í3
8 í2
9 í1
10 0
11

1.6 Solving
Sollvin
Solv iing
g Absolute
Absssolute
Ab o e Value
Val
alu
u E
ue Equations
q 37

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 37 4/29/20 8:20 AM

 Solving Absolute Value Equations
GO DIGITAL
An absolute value equation is an equation that contains an absolute value
Vocabulary expression. You can solve these types of equations by solving two related
absolute value equation, linear equations.
p. 38
extraneous solution, p. 41 KEY IDEAS
Properties of Absolute Value
Let a and b be real numbers. Then the following properties are true.
1. ∣ a ∣ ≥ 0 2. ∣ −a ∣ = ∣ a ∣
3. ∣ ab ∣ = ∣ a ∣ ∣ b ∣ 4. ∣ ∣
a ∣a∣
— = —, b ≠ 0
b ∣b∣
Solving Absolute Value Equations
To solve ∣ ax + b ∣ = c when c ≥ 0, solve the related linear equations
ax + b = c or ax + b = − c.
When c < 0, the absolute value equation ∣ ax + b ∣ = c has no solution because
absolute value represents a distance and cannot be negative.

EXAMPLE 1 Solving Absolute Value Equations

Solve each equation. Graph the solutions, if possible.

a. ∣ x − 4 ∣ = 6 b. ∣ 3x + 1 ∣ = −5

SOLUTION
a. Write the two related linear equations for ∣ x − 4 ∣ = 6. Then solve.
x−4=6 or x − 4 = −6 Write related linear equations.
x = 10 x = −2 Add 4 to each side.
The solutions are x = 10 and x = −2.

−4 −2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
6 6

Each solution is 6 units from 4.

b. The absolute value of an expression must be greater than or equal to 0. The

expression ∣ 3x + 1 ∣ cannot equal −5.
So, the equation has no solution.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

Solve the equation. Graph the solutions, if possible.

1. ∣ x ∣ = 10 2. ∣x − 1∣ = 4 3. ∣ 3 + x ∣ = −—12

4. REASONING How do you know that the equation ∣ 4x − 7 ∣ = −1 has no solution?

38 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 38 4/29/20 8:21 AM

 Solving a Multi-Step Absolute
EXAMPLE 2
Value Equation GO DIGITAL

Solve ∣ 3x + 9 ∣ − 10 = −4.

SOLUTION
First isolate the absolute value expression on one side of the equation.
ANOTHER WAY ∣ 3x + 9 ∣ − 10 = −4 Write the equation.
Using the Product Property
of Absolute Value, ∣ 3x + 9 ∣ = 6 Add 10 to each side.
∣ ab ∣ = ∣ a ∣ ∣ b ∣, you can first Now write the two related linear equations for ∣ 3x + 9 ∣ = 6. Then solve.
rewrite the equation as
3x + 9 = 6 or 3x + 9 = −6 Write related linear equations.
3∣ x + 3 ∣ − 10 = −4
3x = −3 3x = −15 Subtract 9 from each side.
and then solve.
x = −1 x = −5 Divide each side by 3.
The solutions are x = −1 and x = −5.

EXAMPLE 3 Modeling Real Life

You are driving on a highway and are about 250 miles from your state’s border. You
set your
y cruise control at 60 miles per hour and plan to turn it off within 30 miles of
the bborder on either side. Find the minimum and maximum numbers of hours you will
have cruise control on.

SOLUTION
One way to solve is to write an absolute value equation that models the
number x of hours you will have cruise control on. You know that the
distance you travel will be within 30 miles of 250 miles.

distance you travel 30 miles from the state border

∣ 60x − 250 ∣ = 30

Check distance from state border

Minimum
?
( )
60 3 —23 − 250 = −30 Write the two related linear equations for ∣ 60x − 250 ∣ = 30. Then solve.

−30 = −30 ✓ 60x − 250 = 30 or 60x − 250 = −30 Write related linear equations.
60x = 280 60x = 220 Add 250 to each side.
Maximum
? x= 4—23 x= 3—23 Divide each side by 60.
( )2
60 4 —3 − 250 = 30

30 = 30 ✓ The solutions are x = 3 —23 and x = 4 —23 .

So, you will travel at least 3 —23 hours and at most 4 —23 hours with cruise control on.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

Solve the equation. Check your solutions.

5. ∣ x − 2 ∣ + 5 = 9 6. 4∣ 2x + 7 ∣ = 16 7. −2∣ 5x − 1 ∣ − 3 = −11
8. A plane is flying at a speed of 150 miles per hour. The pilot plans on flying at this speed for
the next 160 miles, plus or minus 25 miles. Write an absolute value equation to find the
minimum and maximum number of hours the plane will travel at that speed.

1.6 Solving Absolute Value Equations 39

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 39 4/29/20 8:21 AM

 Solving Equations with Two Absolute Values
GO DIGITAL
If the absolute values of two algebraic expressions are equal, then they
must either be equal to each other or be opposites of each other.

KEY IDEA
Solving Equations with Two Absolute Values
To solve ∣ ax + b ∣ = ∣ cx + d ∣, solve the related linear equations
ax + b = cx + d or ax + b = −(cx + d).

EXAMPLE 4 Solving Equations with Two Absolute Values

Solve (a) ∣ 3x − 4 ∣ = ∣ x ∣ and (b) ∣ 4x − 10 ∣ = 2∣ 3x + 1 ∣.

SOLUTION
Check a. Write the two related linear equations for ∣ 3x − 4 ∣ = ∣ x ∣. Then solve.
∣ 3x − 4 ∣ = ∣ x ∣ 3x − 4 = x or 3x − 4 = −x
? −x −x +x +x
∣ 3(2) − 4 ∣ = ∣2∣
? 2x − 4 = 0 4x − 4 = 0
∣2∣ = ∣2∣
2=2 ✓ +4
2x = 4
+4 +4
4x = 4
+4

∣ 3x − 4 ∣ = ∣ x ∣ 2x 4 4x 4
? —=— —=—
∣ 3(1) − 4 ∣ = ∣1∣ 2 2 4 4
? x=2 x=1
∣ −1 ∣ = ∣1∣
1=1 ✓ The solutions are x = 2 and x = 1.

b. Write the two related linear equations for ∣ 4x − 10 ∣ = 2∣ 3x + 1 ∣. Then solve.

4x − 10 = 2(3x + 1) or 4x − 10 = 2[−(3x + 1)]
4x − 10 = 6x + 2 4x − 10 = 2(−3x − 1)
− 6x − 6x 4x − 10 = −6x − 2
− 2x − 10 = 2 + 6x + 6x
+ 10 + 10 10x − 10 = −2
−2x = 12 + 10 + 10
−2x 12
—=— 10x = 8
−2 −2
10x 8
x = −6 —=—
10 10
x = 0.8
The solutions are x = −6 and x = 0.8.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

Solve the equation. Check your solutions.

9. ∣ x + 8 ∣ = ∣ 2x + 1 ∣ 10. 3∣ x − 4 ∣ = ∣ 2x + 5 ∣ 11. —12 ∣ x + 8 ∣ = ∣ 4x − 1 ∣

40 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 40 4/29/20 8:22 AM

 Identifying Special Solutions
GO DIGITAL
When you solve an absolute value equation, it is possible for a solution to
be extraneous. An extraneous solution is an apparent solution that must be
WORDS AND MATH rejected because it does not satisfy the original equation.
The word extraneous
EXAMPLE 5 Identifying Extraneous Solutions
contains the prefix extra-,
which means “more than Solve ∣ 2x + 12 ∣ = 4x. Check your solutions.
is necessary.” Extraneous
information is information SOLUTION
that is not relevant or
essential. Write the two related linear equations for ∣ 2x + 12 ∣ = 4x. Then solve.
2x + 12 = 4x or 2x + 12 = −4x Write related linear equations.
12 = 2x 12 = −6x Subtract 2x from each side.
6=x −2 = x Solve for x.

Check Check the apparent solutions to see if either is extraneous.

∣ 2x + 12 ∣ = 4x The solution is x = 6. Reject x = −2 because it is extraneous.
?
∣ 2(6) + 12 ∣ = 4(6) When solving equations of the form ∣ ax + b ∣ = ∣ cx + d ∣, it is possible that one of the
? related linear equations will not have a solution.
∣ 24 ∣ = 24

24 = 24 ✓ EXAMPLE 6 Solving an Equation with Two Absolute Values

∣ 2x + 12 ∣ = 4x Solve ∣ x + 5 ∣ = ∣ x + 11 ∣.
? SOLUTION
∣ 2(−2) + 12 ∣ = 4(−2)
? By equating the expression x + 5 and the opposite of x + 11, you obtain
∣8∣ = −8
x + 5 = −(x + 11)
✗
Write related linear equation.
8 ≠ −8
x + 5 = −x − 11 Distributive Property
2x + 5 = −11 Add x to each side.
2x = −16 Subtract 5 from each side.
x = −8. Divide each side by 2.
However, by equating the expressions x + 5 and x + 11, you obtain
x + 5 = x + 11 Write related linear equation.
REMEMBER
x=x+6 Subtract 5 from each side.
Always check your
solutions in the original
equation to make sure
0=6 ✗ Subtract x from each side.

they are not extraneous. which is a false statement. So, the original equation has only one solution.
The solution is x = −8.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

Solve the equation. Check your solutions.

12. ∣ x + 6 ∣ = 2x 13. ∣ 3x − 2 ∣ = x
14. ∣ 2 + x ∣ = ∣ x − 8 ∣ 15. ∣ 5x − 2 ∣ = ∣ 5x + 4 ∣
16. WRITING How is solving an absolute value equation similar to solving an equation without
an absolute value? How is it different?

1.6 Solving Absolute Value Equations 41

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 41 4/29/20 8:22 AM

 1.6 Practice WITH AND
GO DIGITAL

In Exercises 1−8, simplify the expression. 24. MODELING REAL LIFE The recommended mass of
a soccer ball is 0.43 kilogram. The actual mass is
1. ∣ −9 ∣ 2. −∣ 15 ∣ allowed to vary by up to 20 grams.

3. ∣ 14 ∣ − ∣ −14 ∣ 4. ∣ −3 ∣ + ∣ 3 ∣ a. Write and solve an absolute value equation to find

the minimum and maximum acceptable soccer
⋅
5. −∣ −5 (−7) ∣ 6. ∣ −0.8 ⋅ 10 ∣ ball masses.
b. A soccer ball has a mass of 423 grams. The soccer
7. ∣ ∣
27
—
−3
8. ∣ −12
−—
4
∣ ball loses 0.016 kilogram of mass over time. Is the
mass now acceptable? Explain.

In Exercises 9−22, solve the equation. Graph the STRUCTURE In Exercises 25−28, match the
solution(s), if possible. Examples 1 and 2 absolute value equation with its graph without
∣ r ∣ = −2 ∣ x ∣ = 13.4 solving the equation.
9. 10.
25. ∣x + 2∣ = 4 26. ∣x − 4∣ = 2
11. ∣ m + 3∣ = 7 12. ∣ q − 8 ∣ = 14
27. ∣x − 2∣ = 4 28. ∣x + 4∣ = 2
13. ∣ ∣
t
— =6
2
14. ∣ −3.5d ∣ = 15.4
A.
−10 −8 −6 −4 −2 0 2
15. ∣ 4b − 5 ∣ = 19 16. ∣x − 1∣ + 5 = 2 2 2

17. 2∣ −8w + 6 ∣ = 76 18. ∣ 31y − 2 ∣ − 7 = 3

—
B.
−8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4
4 4
19. −4∣ 8 − 5n ∣ = 13
C.
−4 −2

∣ ∣
0 2 4 6 8
2 4 4
20. −3 1 − —v = −9
3

∣ 14 ∣
D.
21. 3 = −2 —s − 5 + 3 −2 0 2 4 6 8 10
2 2

22. 9∣ 4p + 2 ∣ + 8 = 35
In Exercises 29−38, solve the equation. Check your
solutions. Examples 4, 5, and 6
23. MODELING REAL LIFE The average distance from
Earth to the Sun is 92.95 million miles. The actual 29. ∣ 4n − 15 ∣ = ∣ n ∣ 30. ∣ 2c + 8 ∣ = ∣ 10c ∣
distance varies from the average by up to 1.55 million
miles. Write and solve an absolute value equation to
find the minimum and maximum distance from Earth
31. ∣ 3k − 2 ∣ = 2∣ k + 2 ∣ 32. ∣ —12 b − 8 ∣ = ∣ —14 b − 1 ∣
to the Sun. Example 3
33. 4∣ p − 3 ∣ = ∣ 2p + 8 ∣

34. 2∣ 4w − 1 ∣ = 3∣ 4w + 2 ∣

35. ∣ 3h + 1 ∣ = 7h 36. ∣ 6a − 5 ∣ = 4a

37. ∣ f − —43 ∣ = ∣ f + —16 ∣ 38. ∣ 3x − 4 ∣ = ∣ 3x − 5 ∣

42

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 42 4/29/20 8:23 AM

 47. MAKING AN ARGUMENT Your friend
REASONING In Exercises 39−42, write an absolute
says that the absolute value equation GO DIGITAL
value equation that has the given solutions.
∣ 3x + 8 ∣ − 9 = −5 has no solution because
39. x = 8 and x = 18 40. x = −6 and x = 10 the constant on the right side of the equation is
negative. Is your friend correct? Explain.
41. x = 1.5 and x = 8.5 42. x = −10 and x = −5
48. HOW DO YOU SEE IT?
ERROR ANALYSIS In Exercises 43 and 44, describe and The circle graph shows the results of a survey of
correct the error in solving the equation. registered voters the day of an election.
43.

✗
Which Party’s Candidate
∣ 2x − 1 ∣ = −9 Will Get Your Vote?
2x − 1 = −9 or 2x − 1 = −(−9)
2x = −8 2x = 10 Democratic:
47% Republican:
x = −4 x=5 42%
The solutions are x = −4 and x = 5.

Other: 4% Libertarian:
44.

✗
Green: 2% 5%
∣ 5x + 8 ∣ = x Error: ±2%
5x + 8 = x or 5x + 8 = −x
The error given in the graph means that the actual
4x + 8 = 0 6x + 8 = 0 percent could be 2% more or 2% less than the
4x = −8 6x = −8 percent reported by the survey.

x = −2 x = −—43 a. What does the survey predict are the minimum

and maximum percents of voters who will vote
The solutions are x = −2 and x = −—43 . Republican? Green?
b. Write absolute value equations to represent your
answers in part (a).
45. MODELING REAL LIFE Starting from 300 feet away,
c. One candidate receives 44% of the vote. Which
a car drives toward you. It then passes by you at a
party do you think the candidate belongs to?
constant speed of 48 feet per second. The distance
Explain.
d (in feet) of the car from you after t seconds is given
by the equation d = ∣ 300 − 48t ∣.
a. Explain what 48t represents in the given equation. ABSTRACT REASONING In Exercises 49−52, complete
b. At what times is the car 60 feet from you? the statement with always, sometimes, or never. Explain
your reasoning.
46. REASONING Without solving completely, place 49. If x 2 = a 2, then ∣ x ∣ is ________ equal to ∣ a ∣.
each equation into one of the three categories. Explain
your reasoning. 50. If a and b are real numbers, then ∣ a − b ∣ is
_________ equal to ∣ b − a ∣.
No One Two
solution solution solutions 51. For any real number p, the equation ∣ x − 4 ∣ = p will
________ have two solutions.

52. For any real number p, the equation ∣ x − p ∣ = 4 will

∣x − 2∣ + 6 = 0 ∣x + 3∣ − 1 = 0 ________ have two solutions.

∣x + 8∣ + 2 = 7 ∣x − 1∣ + 4 = 4
53. WRITING Explain why absolute value equations can
∣ x − 6 ∣ − 5 = −9 ∣ x + 5 ∣ − 8 = −8 have no solution, one solution, or two solutions. Give
an example of each case.

1.6 Solving Absolute Value Equations 43

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 43 4/29/20 8:23 AM

 57. OPEN-ENDED Describe a real-life situation
54. STRUCTURE Complete the equation
that can be modeled by an absolute value
∣x − ∣= with a, b, c, or d so that the equation with the solutions x = 62 and
GO DIGITAL

equation is graphed correctly. x = 72.

a b c 58. THOUGHT PROVOKING

d d
What is the maximum number of solutions an
55. COLLEGE PREP Which values are solutions of the ∣ ∣
equation of the form ∣ ax − b ∣ + c = d can have?
equation 5 = −—23∣ 4x − 7 ∣ + 11? Select all that apply. Justify your reasoning with an example.
1 1
A x = −—2 B x = —2
59. The minimum normal glucose level
C x = —34 11
D x=—4 for a fasting adult is 70 mg/dL. The maximum normal
level is 99 mg/dL. Write an absolute value equation
E x=4 F no solution that represents the minimum and maximum normal
glucose levels.
56. CRITICAL THINKING Solve the equation shown.
Explain how you found your solution(s). 60. ABSTRACT REASONING How many solutions does the
8∣ x + 2 ∣ − 6 = 5∣ x + 2 ∣ + 3 equation a∣ x + b ∣ + c = d have when a > 0 and
c = d? when a < 0 and c > d? Explain your reasoning.

REVIEW & REFRESH

In Exercises 61– 64, solve the equation. Check your JUSTIFYING STEPS In Exercises 71 and 72, identify the
solution(s). property of equality that can be used to justify that
Equation 1 and Equation 2 are equivalent.
61. 3c + 1 = c + 1
71.
62. 4(6k + 9) = 8(3k − 2) Equation 1 3x + 8 = x − 1
Equation 2 3x + 9 = x
63. −10 − 12g = −4(3g + 2.5)

64. ∣ y − 4 ∣ = ∣ y + 10 ∣ 72.
Equation 1 4y = 28
65. MODELING REAL LIFE An outdoor music festival Equation 2 y=7
provides 4000 square yards of land for the
audience. Attendees are permitted to reserve a
section using a rectangular tarp with a length of 73. A circle has an area of 36π square inches. Find
12 feet and a width of 10 feet. About how many the radius.
sections can be reserved at the music festival?
74. A triangle has a height of 8 feet and an area of
66. Simplify 12 + 5h − 3.5 + 8h. 48 square feet. Find the base.

In Exercises 67 and 68, write the number in standard 75. MODELING REAL LIFE You are driving your moped
form. to school. The drive is about 12.5 miles, but the
distance varies by up to 1.25 miles, depending on
67. 7 × 10−8 68. 2.59 × 10 3 the route you take. You drive at a constant speed
of 25 miles per hour. Find the minimum and
In Exercises 69 and 70, find the volume of the figure. maximum number of minutes it will take you to
Round your answer to the nearest tenth. travel to school.
69. 70. In Exercises 76–79, complete the statement. Round to
22 ft the nearest hundredth, if necessary.
8 cm 5 ft
76. 9900 sec = h 77. 0.25 T = oz

78. 11.5 qt ≈ mL 79. 49.6 cm ≈ ft

44 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

hs2022_alg1_se_0106.indd 44 6/8/21 1:33 PM

 1.7 Rewriting Equations and Formulas GO DIGITAL

Learning Target Solve literal equations for given variables.

Success Criteria • I can identify a literal equation.

• I can use properties of equality to rewrite literal equations.
• I can use rewritten formulas to solve problems.

EXPLORE IT Using Multiple Equations to Relate Quantities

Work with a partner. A landscaper purchases gasoline for various lawn care
equipment. Consider the following quantities involved in this situation.

Number of gallons Price per gallon

of gasoline of gasoline

Total cost
of gasoline

a. How are these quantities related in this situation? How can you represent
this relationship?

b. Write an equation that represents the relationship among the three quantities.

Total cost
of gasoline
=
?
c. Write two more equations that represent the same relationship. How did
you write these equations?

Price per gallon

of gasoline
=
?
Number of gallons
of gasoline
=
?
d. Why do you think it is beneficial to have solved an equation for
each quantity?

e. After pumping gasoline, the landscaper sees the screen shown on the pump.
Math Practice Which quantity is missing? Find the missing quantity and explain how
Calculate Accurately you found it.
How many decimal
places did you use in
your answer in part (e)?
Explain your reasoning.
$
gal

1.7 Rewriting Equations and Formulas 45

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 45 4/29/20 8:24 AM

 Rewriting Literal Equations
GO DIGITAL
An equation that has two or more variables is called a literal equation.
Vocabulary To rewrite a literal equation, solve for one variable in terms of the
literal equation, p. 46 other variable(s).
formula, p. 47
EXAMPLE 1 Rewriting a Literal Equation

Solve the literal equation 3y + 4x = 9 for y.

SOLUTION
3y + 4x = 9 Write the equation.
3y + 4x − 4x = 9 − 4x Subtraction Property of Equality
3y = 9 − 4x Simplify.
3y 9 − 4x
—=— Division Property of Equality
3 3
4
y = 3 − —x Simplify.
3
The rewritten literal equation is y = 3 − —43 x.

EXAMPLE 2 Rewriting a Literal Equation

Solve the literal equation y = 3x + 5xz for x.

SOLUTION
y = 3x + 5xz Write the equation.
y = x(3 + 5z) Distributive Property
y x(3 + 5z)
—=— Division Property of Equality
3 + 5z 3 + 5z
y
—=x Simplify.
3 + 5z
REMEMBER The rewritten literal equation is x = —.
y
Division by 0 is undefined. 3 + 5z
3
In Example 2, you must assume that z ≠ −—5 in order to divide by 3 + 5z. In general,
when dividing by a variable or variable expression to rewrite a literal equation, assume
that the variable or variable expression does not equal 0.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

Solve the literal equation for y.

1. 3y − x = 9 2. 2x − 2y = 5 3. 20 = 8x + 4y

Solve the literal equation for x.

4. y = 5x − 4x 5. 2x + kx = m 6. 3 + 5x − kx = y

7. DIFFERENT WORDS, SAME QUESTION Which is different? Find “both” answers.

Solve 3x + 6y = 24 for x. Solve 24 − 3x = 6y for x.

Solve 6y = 24 − 3x for y in terms of x. Solve 24 − 6y = 3x for x in terms of y.

46 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 46 4/29/20 8:24 AM

 Rewriting and Using Formulas for Area
GO DIGITAL
A formula shows how one variable is related to one or more other
variables. A formula is a type of literal equation.

EXAMPLE 3 Rewriting a Formula for Surface Area

The formula for the surface area S of a rectangular prism is S = 2 w + 2 h + 2wh.

Solve the formula for the length .
h
SOLUTION
w S = 2 w + 2 h + 2wh Write the equation.
S − 2wh = 2 w + 2 h + 2wh − 2wh Subtraction Property of Equality
S − 2wh = 2 w + 2 h Simplify.
S − 2wh = (2w + 2h) Distributive Property
S − 2wh (2w + 2h)
— = —— Division Property of Equality
2w + 2h 2w + 2h
S − 2wh
—= Simplify.
2w + 2h
S − 2wh
When you solve the formula for , you obtain = —.
2w + 2h

EXAMPLE 4 Modeling Real Life

w You own a rectangular lot that is 500 feet deep. It has an area of 100,000 square feet.
To pay for a new water system, you are assessed $5.50 per foot of lot frontage.
How much are you assessed for the new water system?

SOLUTION
500 ft To find the amount assessed, first find the frontage of your lot. In the formula
for the area of a rectangle, let the width w represent the lot frontage.
A= w Write the formula for area of a rectangle.
A
frontage —=w Divide each side by to solve for w.
100,000
—=w Substitute 100,000 for A and 500 for .
500
200 = w Simplify.
Your frontage is 200 feet. Multiply this by the cost of frontage, $5.50 per foot.
$5.50
—
1 ft ⋅
200 ft = $1100

So, you are assessed $1100 for the new water system.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

Solve the formula for the indicated variable.

9. Surface area of a cone: S = πr 2 + π r ; Solve for .
1
8. Area of a triangle: A = —2 bh; Solve for h.
10. You want to enclose a rectangular region with an area of 1200 square feet and a length of
40 feet, 50 feet, or 60 feet. Find the perimeter for each possible region. Explain why you
might rewrite the area formula to find the solutions.

1.7 Rewriting Equations and Formulas 47

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 47 4/29/20 8:25 AM

 Rewriting and Using Other Common Formulas
GO DIGITAL

KEY IDEA
Common Formulas
Temperature F = degrees Fahrenheit, C = degrees Celsius
C = —59 (F − 32)
Simple Interest I = interest, P = principal,
r = annual interest rate (decimal form),
t = time (years)
I = Prt
Distance d = distance traveled, r = rate, t = time
d = rt

EXAMPLE 5
EX Rewriting the Formula for Temperature

Solve the temperature formula for F.

Solv
Mercury 427°C
SOLUTION
SO
C = —59(F − 32) Write the temperature formula.

Multiply each side by —95 .

9
—5 C = F − 32

9
—5 C + 32 = F Add 32 to each side.

The rewritten formula is F = —95 C + 32.

EXAMPLE 6 Modeling Real Life

Which has the greater surface temperature: Mercury or Venus?

W

Venus 864°F SOLUTION

S
Convert the Celsius temperature of Mercury to degrees Fahrenheit.
C

F = —95C + 32 Write the rewritten formula from Example 5.

= —95(427) + 32 Substitute 427 for C.

= 768.6 + 32 Multiply.
= 800.6 Add.
The surface temperature of Mercury is 800.6°F. Because 864°F is greater than
800.6°F, Venus has the greater surface temperature.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

11. A fever is generally considered to be a body temperature greater than 100°F. Your friend
has a temperature of 37°C. Does your friend have a fever when the temperature increases
by 1°F? 1°C?

48 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 48 4/29/20 8:26 AM

 EXAMPLE 7 Modeling Real Life
GO DIGITAL
You deposit $5000 in an account that earns simple interest. After 6 months,
the account earns $162.50 in interest. What is the annual interest rate?

SOLUTION

COMMON ERROR One way to find the annual interest rate is to solve the simple interest formula for r.
The unit of t is years. Be sure I = Prt Write the simple interest formula.
to convert months to years. I
—=r Divide each side by Pt to solve for r.
1 yr
⋅
— 6 mo = 0.5 yr
12 mo
162.50
Pt

—=r Substitute 162.50 for I, 5000 for P, and 0.5 for t.

(5000)(0.5)
0.065 = r Simplify.

The annual interest rate is 0.065, or 6.5%.

EXAMPLE 8 Modeling Real Life

A truck driver averages 60 miles per hour while delivering freight to a customer. On
the return trip, the driver averages 50 miles per hour due to construction. The total
driving time is 6 hours and 36 minutes. How long does each trip take?

SOLUTION
Step 1 Rewrite the Distance Formula to write expressions that represent the two trip
d d
times. Solving the formula d = rt for t, you obtain t = —. So, — represents
r 60
d
the delivery time, and — represents the return trip time.
50
Step 2 Use these expressions and the total driving time to write and solve an equation
to find the distance one way.
d d 36
— + — = 6.6 Total driving time: 6 h + — h = 6.6 h
60 50 60
11d
— = 6.6 Add the fractions using a common denominator of 300.
300
Check Check that the 11d = 1980 Multiply each side by 300.
sum of the driving times d = 180 Divide each side by 11.
is equal to the total
driving time. The distance one way is 180 miles.
3h Step 3 Use the expressions from Step 1 to find the two trip times.
+ 3 h 36 min
6 h 36 min ✓ 50 mi
60 mi
So, the delivery takes 180 mi ÷ — = 3 hours and the return trip takes
1h
180 mi ÷ — = 3.6 hours, or 3 hours and 36 minutes.
1h

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

12. How much money must you deposit in a simple interest account to earn $500 in interest in
5 years at 4% annual interest?
13. A truck driver averages 60 miles per hour while delivering freight and 45 miles per hour on
the return trip. The total driving time is 7 hours. How much longer does the return trip take
than the delivery?

1.7 Rewriting Equations and Formulas 49

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 49 4/29/20 8:26 AM

 1.7 Practice WITH AND
GO DIGITAL

In Exercises 1–10, solve the literal equation for y. ERROR ANALYSIS In Exercises 23 and 24, describe and
Example 1 correct the error in solving the equation for x.

✗
1. y − 3x = 13 2. 2x + y = 7 23.
12 − 2x = −2(y − x)
3. 2y − 18x = −26 4. 20x + 5y = 15 −2x = −2(y − x) − 12

5. 9x − y = 45 6. 6x − 3y = −6 x = (y − x) + 6

7. 4x − 5 = 7 + 4y 8. 16x + 9 = 9y − 2x
24.

✗
1 1 10 = ax − 3b
9. 2 + —6 y = 3x + 4 10. 11 − —2 y = 3 + 6x
10 = x(a − 3b)
In Exercises 11–20, solve the literal equation for x. 10
Example 2 —=x
a − 3b
11. y = 4x + 8x 12. m = 10x − x
In Exercises 25–28, solve the formula for the indicated
13. a = 2x + 6xz 14. y = 3bx − 7x variable. Examples 3 and 5
15. y = 4x + rx + 6 16. z = 8 + 6x − px 25. Profit: P = R − C;
Solve for C.
17. sx + tx = r 18. a = bx + cx + d
26. Surface area of a cylinder: S = 2π r 2 + 2π rh;
19. 12 − 5x − 4kx = y 20. x − 9 + 2wx = y Solve for h.

21. MODELING REAL LIFE The total cost C (in dollars) 1

27. Area of a trapezoid: A = —h(b1 + b2);
to participate in a ski club is given 2
Solve for b2.
by C = 85x + 60, where x is the
number of ski trips you take.
v1 − v0
a. Solve the equation for x. 28. Average acceleration of an object: a = —;
t
Solve for v1.
b. How many ski trips did
you take if you spent a 29. REWRITING A FORMULA A common statistic used in
total of $315? $485? professional football is the quarterback rating. This
rating is made up of four major factors. One factor is
the completion rating given by the formula
C
(
R = 5 — − 0.3
A )
where C is the number of completed passes and A is
the number of attempted passes. Solve the formula
for C.

22. MODELING REAL LIFE The penny size of 30. REWRITING A FORMULA Newton’s law of gravitation
a nail indicates the length of the nail. The is given by the formula
penny size d of a nail that is 1 to 3 inches m1m2
long is given by d = 4n − 2, where n is
F=G —
d2( )
the length (in inches) of the nail. n where F is the force between two objects of masses
a. Solve the equation for n. m1 and m2, G is the gravitational constant, and d is
b. Find the lengths of nails with the the distance between the two objects. Solve the
following penny sizes: 3, 6, and 10. formula for m1.

50 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 50 4/29/20 8:27 AM

 31. MODELING REAL LIFE The sale price S (in dollars) 36. MODELING REAL LIFE An athletic facility
of an item is given by the formula S = L − rL, is building an indoor track. The track is GO DIGITAL
where L is the list price (in dollars) and r is the composed of a rectangle and two
percent of discount (in decimal form). semicircles, as shown.
Examples 4 and 6
x
a. Solve the formula for r.
b. The list price of the shirt
is $21.50. What is the r r
percent of discount?
Sale price:
$17.20

32. MODELING REAL LIFE The density d of a substance is a. Write a formula for the perimeter of the indoor
m track. Then solve the formula for x.
given by the formula d = —, where m is its mass and
V b. The perimeter of the track is 660 feet, and r is
V is its volume. 50 feet. Find x. Round your answer to the
nearest foot.
Pyrite
37. MODELING REAL LIFE A vehicle travels 55 miles per
hour and 20 miles per gallon.
a. Write an equation that represents the distance d
(in miles) that the vehicle travels in t hours. Then
write an equation that represents the distance d
(in miles) that the vehicle travels using g gallons
of gasoline.
Density: 5.01g/cm3 Volume: 1.2 cm3
b. Write an equation that relates g and t. Then solve
a. Solve the formula for each of the other two the equation for g.
variables. c. The vehicle travels for 6 hours. How many gallons
b. Find the mass of the pyrite sample. Explain how of gasoline does the vehicle use? How far does it
you found the mass. travel? Explain.

33. MAKING AN ARGUMENT Your friend claims that

38. HOW DO YOU SEE IT?
Thermometer A displays a greater temperature than The rectangular prism shown has square bases.
Thermometer B. Is your friend correct? Explain your
reasoning.
°F
100
90
80
70
60
50
40 b
30
20
10
0
b
−10

Thermometer A a. Use the figure to write a formula for the surface

Thermometer B
area S of the prism.
b. Your teacher asks you to solve the formula for
34. MODELING REAL LIFE You deposit $2000 in an
either b or . Which would you choose? Explain.
account that earns simple interest at an annual rate
of 4%. How long must you leave the money in the
account to earn $500 in interest? Example 7
In Exercises 39 and 40, solve the literal
35. MODELING REAL LIFE A flight averages 460 miles equation for a.
per hour. The return flight averages 500 miles per
a+b+c
hour due to a tailwind. The total flying time is 4 hours
and 48 minutes. How long is each flight? Explain.
39. x = —
ab
40. y = x —( a ab− b )
Example 8
1.7 Rewriting Equations and Formulas 51

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 51 4/29/20 8:27 AM

 42. THOUGHT PROVOKING
Give a possible value for h. Justify your GO DIGITAL
answer. Draw and label the figure using
Column your chosen value of h.

h A = 40 cm2

8 cm

41. MODELING REAL LIFE One type of stone formation CONNECTING CONCEPTS In Exercises 43 and 44, write
found in Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico is called a a formula for the area of the regular polygon. Solve the
column. This stone formation connects to the ceiling formula for the height h.
and the floor of a cave. 43. 44.
a. What is the radius (to the nearest tenth of a foot)
of a cylindrical column that has a circumference of center center
7 feet? 8 feet? 9 feet?
h b
b. Explain why you might rewrite the circumference h
formula to find the solutions in part (a).
b

REVIEW & REFRESH

In Exercises 45– 48, evaluate the expression when In Exercises 53−56, solve the equation. Graph the
a = 5 and b = 2. solutions, if possible.

45. a2 + 12 46. 9b − 4 53. ∣x − 3∣ = 5 54. ∣ 3y − 12 ∣ − 7 = 2

a 55. 2∣ 2r + 4 ∣ = −16 56. −4∣ s + 9 ∣ = −24
47. — − —
b
3
4 (
48. 3b 16 − —a
1
10 )
57. Tell whether the points (−2, 3), (2, 1), and (3, 3)
49. Solve the literal equation 6x − y = 12 for y. form a right triangle.

50. Find the surface area of the cylinder. 58. MODELING REAL LIFE You want to rent a kayak
12 in. from one of the two rental companies shown. After
how many hours is the total rental cost the same at
each company?
3 in.

51. Tell whether the ratios 6 : 8 and 4 : 6 form a COMPANY A COMPANY B

proportion.

52. MODELING REAL LIFE The volume G of an

aquarium (in gallons) is given by the formula
wh
G = —, where is the length of the aquarium
231
(in inches), w is the width (in inches), and h is the In Exercises 59–61, solve the equation. Check your
height (in inches). solution.
a. Solve the formula for h. z
59. — + 2 = −4 60. 1.9t = −5.7
b. Find the height of a 20-gallon aquarium with a −5
length of 24 inches and a width of 12 inches.
61. 27 = −3(8y − 7) + 20y

52 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

hs2022_alg1_se_0107.indd 52 6/8/21 1:34 PM

 1 Chapter Review
Chapter Learning Target
WITH

Understand solving linear equations.

GO DIGITAL

Chapter Success Criteria Solve simple and multi-step equations.

Describe how to solve equations.
Analyze the measurements used to solve a problem and
judge the level of accuracy appropriate for the solution.
Apply equation-solving techniques to solve Surface
real-life problems. Deep

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

1.1 Solving Simple Equations (pp. 3–10)

Learning Target: Write and solve one-step linear equations. Vocabulary
equation
Solve the equation. Justify each step. Check your solution. linear equation in
1. z + 3 = −6 2. 2.6 = −0.2t one variable
solution
n
3. −— = −2 4. 5.9 = y − 2.7 equivalent equations
5
1 3 4
5. π b = −— 6. 3— = w + 1—
9 10 5
a
7. Which property of equality should you use to solve the equation — + x = c,
b
where a and b are negative numbers? Explain your reasoning.
Price:
8. You have $175.29 in a savings account. You deposit an $249.99
additional $48.75. How much more do you need to save
to buy the cell phone?

1.2 Solving Multi-Step Equations (pp. 11–18)

Learning Target: Write and solve multi-step linear equations.

Solve the equation. Check your solution.

9. 3y + 11 = −16 10. 6 = 1 − b

11. n + 5n + 7 = 43 12. −4(2z + 6) − 12 = 4

1 7
13. —32 (x − 2) − 5 = 19 14. 6 = —5 w + —5 w − 4

x
15. What happens to the value of x in the equation — + 8 = 15 as the value of b decreases?
b
Explain your reasoning.

16. Find three consecutive odd integers that have a sum of 75.

Chapter 1 Chapter Review 53

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 53 4/29/20 8:28 AM

 1.3 Modeling Quantities (pp. 19–24) GO DIGITAL

Learning Target: Use proportional reasoning and analyze units when solving problems.

Solve the proportion.

Vocabulary
12 9 6 m 3 12
17. — = — 18. — = — 19. — = — ratio
d 3 15 10 8 b
proportion
20. Convert 4.75 miles to meters. Round your answer to the nearest hundredth, rate
if necessary.

21. The table shows data collected by a musician after two concerts. Use rates to compare
the data for each concert.

Concert Tickets sold Attendance Merchandise sales Social media posts

A 275 264 $1760 66
B 325 299 $1794 104

1.4 Accuracy with Measurements (pp. 25–30)

Learning Target: Choose an appropriate level of accuracy when calculating with measurements.

22. You use an inch ruler to measure

in.

the dimensions of the photograph. Vocabulary

1

Estimate the area of the photograph. precision

accuracy
2

23. The land area of China is

9,326,410 square kilometers. According
3

to United Nations estimates, the population

of China in 2015 was 1,397,029,000.
4

in.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Estimate the population per square kilometer. 15
5

1.5 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides (pp. 31–36)

Learning Target: Write and solve equations with variables on both sides.
Vocabulary
Solve the equation. Check your solution.
identity
1
24. 3n − 3 = 4n + 1 25. 2y 2 16 5 —3 (y 2 3)

1
26. 5(1 + x) = 5x + 5 27. 3(n + 4) = —2 (6n + 4)

28. An airplane leaves Los Angeles and travels 5 hours to New York City. The return
trip travels along the same route and takes 6 hours and 15 minutes because the plane
travels 99 miles per hour slower due to a headwind. Find the distance that the plane
flies between the two cities.
1
29. Determine whether the equation mx 1 4 5 —2 nx 1 8 always, sometimes, or never has
a solution when (a) m < n, (b) m 5 n, and (c) m > n.

54 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 54 4/29/20 8:29 AM

 1.6 Solving Absolute Value Equations (pp. 37– 44)
GO DIGITAL
Learning Target: Write and solve equations involving absolute value.

Solve the equation. Check your solutions. Vocabulary

30. ∣ y + 3 ∣ = 17 31. 2∣ k 2 3 ∣ 5 18 absolute value
equation
32. ∣ 16g 2 40 ∣ 5 24∣ 4g 2 10 ∣ 33. 2∣ b 1 6 ∣ 5 ∣ 3b 2 2 ∣ extraneous solution

34. −2∣ 5w − 7 ∣ + 9 = − 7 35. ∣x − 2∣ = ∣4 + x∣

36. The minimum sustained wind speed of a Category 1 hurricane is 74 miles per hour.
The maximum sustained wind speed is 95 miles per hour. Write an absolute value
equation that represents the minimum and maximum speeds.

1.7 Rewriting Equations and Formulas (pp. 45– 52)

Learning Target: Solve literal equations for given variables. Vocabulary
literal equation
Solve the literal equation for y.
formula
37. 2x − 4y = 20 38. 8x − 3 = 5 + 4y

39. 3(2x + y) = −4x − y 40. a = 9y + 3yx

9
41. The formula F = —5 (K − 273.15) + 32 converts a temperature from kelvin K
to degrees Fahrenheit F.
a. Solve the formula for K.
b. Convert 180°F to kelvin. Round your answer to the nearest hundredth.

Mathematical Practices
Construct Viable Arguments and Critique the Reasoning of Others
Mathematically proficient students justify conclusions, communicate them to others, and
respond to the arguments of others.

1. In Exercise 37 on page 51, explain why you are able to write an equation that relates the
number of gallons g of gasoline and the time t.

2. Your friend says that Equation 1 and Equation 2 are equivalent. Is your friend correct?
If so, explain why the equations are equivalent. If not, correct your friend’s reasoning.

Equation 1: 8x 1 18 5 4x − 32
Equation 2: 2x 1 18 5 x 2 32

3. Write instructions to teach someone how to use properties of equality to solve a literal
equation for a given variable.

Chapter 1 Chapter Review 55

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 55 4/29/20 8:29 AM

 1 Practice Test WITH GO DIGITAL

Solve the equation.

2
1. x 2 7 5 15 2. —3 x 1 5 5 3

3. 2∣ x 2 3 ∣ 2 5 5 7 4. ∣ 2x 2 19 ∣ 5 4x + 1
1
5. 22 1 5x 2 7 5 3x 2 9 1 2x 6. —3 (6x 1 12) 2 2(x 2 7) 5 19

Describe the values of c for which the equation has no solution. Explain
your reasoning.
7. 3x − 5 = 3x − c 8. ∣x − 7∣ = c

9. A safety regulation states that the minimum height of a handrail is 30 inches. The
maximum height is 38 inches. Write an absolute value equation that represents the
minimum and maximum heights.

10. The fastest recorded speed in a standing position on a skateboard is about

146.7 kilometers per hour. The fastest recorded speed on inline skates is about
113.6 feet per second. Which speed is faster?

11. The perimeter P (in yards) of a soccer field is represented by the

formula P = 2 + 2w, where is the length (in yards) and w is
the width (in yards).
a. Solve the formula for w.
b. The perimeter of the soccer field is 330 yards.
Find the width of the field. 10 yd

c. About what percent of the field is inside the circle?

12. Your car needs new brakes. You call a dealership and a local = 100 yd
mechanic for prices.

Cost of parts Labor cost per hour

Dealership $24 $99
Local mechanic $45 $89

a. After how many hours are the total costs the same at both places? Justify your answer.
b. When do the repairs cost less at the dealership? at the local mechanic? Explain.

13. The speed of light is 11,176,920 miles per minute and the distance
from Earth to the Sun at a specific time is 92,955,807 miles.
About how long does it take for sunlight to reach Earth?

14. Consider the equation ∣ 4x + 20 ∣ = 6x. Without solving, how do

you know that x = −2 is an extraneous solution?

56

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 56 4/29/20 8:30 AM

 1 Performance Task
GO DIGITAL

Every Drop Counts

WATER LOG
About Record your water activities and
water consumption for one week.
60% Then make a plan to reduce the
amount of water you use each week.
of an adult’s
Determine the number of gallons
body is water. you want to use for each activity and
solve equations to show how you
will achieve your goal.

57

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 57 4/29/20 8:30 AM

 1 College and Career Readiness
Tutorial videos are available for each exercise.
WITH GO DIGITAL

1. Which equation is equivalent to the formula for the area A of a trapezoid,

A 5 —12h ( b1 1 b2 )?

A
A h5— B h 5 2A 2 ( b1 1 b2 )
2( b1 1 b2 )

2A 2 b2 2A
C h5— D h=—
b1 b1 + b2

2. Which equation is not equivalent to cx − a = b?

A cx − a + b = 2b

B cx − a + b 5 0

C 2cx − 2a = 2b

D b + a = cx

3. A mountain biking park has 48 trails, 37.5% of which

are beginner trails. The rest are divided evenly between
intermediate and expert trails. How many of each kind
of trail are in the park?

4. Let N represent the number of solutions of the

equation 3(x − a) = 3x − 6. Complete each
statement with the symbol <, >, or =.
a. When a = 3, N ____ 1.

b. When a = −3, N ____ 1.

c. When a = 2, N ____ 1.

d. When a = −2, N ____ 1.

e. When a = x, N ____ 1.

f. When a = −x, N ____ 1.

5. Which of the equations are equivalent?

6x + 6 = −14 8x + 6 = −2x − 14

5x + 3 = −7 7x + 3 = 2x − 13

58 Chapter 1 Solving Linear Equations

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 58 4/29/20 8:31 AM

 6. You are painting your dining room white and your living room blue. You spend
$132 on 5 cans of paint. The white paint costs $24 per can, and the blue paint costs GO DIGITAL
$28 per can.

a. Write an equation that you can use to find the number of cans of each color that
you buy.
b. How much would you save by switching the colors of the dining room and
living room? Explain.

7. The perimeter of the triangle is 13 inches. What is the length of the shortest side?

A 3 in. (x − 5) in.

x
B 4 in. 2
in.

C 6 in. 6 in.
D 8 in.

8. You pay $45 per month for cable TV. Your friend buys a satellite TV receiver for $99
and pays $36 per month for satellite TV. Your friend claims that the expenses for a year
of satellite TV are less than the expenses for one year of cable. Is your friend correct?
Explain.

9. Which table represents a proportional relationship?

A x 1 2 3 4 B x 2 4 5 8
y 18 15 12 9 y 7 14 17.5 28

C x 1 2 3 4 D x 40 20 10 5
y 5 5 5 5 y 1 2 4 8

10. Place each equation into one of the four categories.

No solution One solution Two solutions Infinitely many solutions

∣ 8x + 3 ∣ = 0 −6 = 5x − 9 3x − 12 = 3(x − 4) + 1
−2x + 4 = 2x + 4 0 = ∣ x + 13 ∣ + 2 −4(x + 4) = −4x − 16
12x − 2x = 10x − 8 9 = 3∣ 2x − 11 ∣ 7 − 2x = 3 − 2(x − 2)

11. A car travels 1100 feet in 12.5 seconds. How fast does the car travel in miles per hour?

1
A —
60
mi/h B 1 mi/h

C 60 mi/h D 88 mi/h

Chapter 1 College and Career Readiness 59

Algebra 1 Chapter 1.indb 59 4/29/20 8:32 AM